^ THI/C TIJN - KINH N G H I E M
XUHI/OING VAN DONG
CUA DAU TUf TRUC TIEP NlJfClC NGOAI - CO HOI VA THACH T H Q C CHO T I N H BAC NINH
•k ThS HA T H I V A N ANH
• ThS NGUYEN THI QUYNH ANH Vien Kinii te chinh tri hgc, HQC vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Tom tit: Tii nhiing phan tich vexu hiidng vdn ddng ciia von dau tii tnic tiep nU6c ngoii (FDI) trin the gidi vd d Viet Nam thdi gian qua, bdi viet chl ra nhiing cd hgi va thdch thUc md Bdc Ninh dang va se phdi doi mat trong viec thu hat nha ddu tii niidc ngoii d giai doan tiep theo, dexudt mot so khuyen nghi md Bac Ninh cdn thiic hien deed the khai thdc toi da nhiing tiem nang md FDI mang lai, dong thdi tan dung nhSng cd hoi cua xu hiidng chuyen dich ddng von qudc tetren cdsdphdthuy toi da nhUngldi the cua diaphiidng.
• Tii khda: ddu tti tnic tiep niidc ngddi, Viit Nam, Bdc Ninh.
1. Xu hirdrng v^n d^ng cua FDI tren the gi6i 2018 (inward FDI) da khai quat mot so diem ndi D^u tu tryc tiep nu6c ngoai la mpt nhan to bat nhit sau:
quan trpng thuc day sir phat trien cua n§n kinh Thunhdt, sau ba Ian sut g i ^ Uen tiep vao cAc t§. Khong chi kip thoi bd sung cho ngu6n von nam 2017,2018 va 2019, dong vdn FDI tojln cdu trong nuoc, FDI cdn la kenh trao ddi, chuyen da cham muc thap nh& kd tu sau cupc khiing giao cdng nghe va ky nang td chiic, quan Iy tien hoang tai chinh nSm 2008, u6c tinh chi d^it 1,2 tidn; ddng thai cdn mora nhung cahdi tiep can nghin ty USD nam 2018, giam 19% so voi 1,47 vdi cdc thi tnrdng qudc te. Vdi nhidu qudc gia nghin t^ USD nam 2017*^'.
dangphattrien,FDIda vuot qua von hd trp phat Bidu dd 1 cho thdy, xdt vd con sd tuydt dfii, ddng trien chinh thiic ODA dd chiem ty trpng ddng vdn FDI di vao nhom nuac phat tridn chidm t^
gdp Idn nhat trong vdn ddu tu nudc ngoai"'. Xu trpng ldn nhat trong hdu hdt cdc nam. Didu ndy hudng van ddng chung ciia dong vdn FDI toan dupe Iy giai boi, boat dpng ddu tu nudc ngoai 6cdc cdu thdi gian qua da cho thdy nhieu bien ddi nudc ndy chu ydu tap ttung vdo cic nganh cd quy phiic tjp. Nghien ciiu ciia UNCTAD (2019) vd md va yeu cdu vd von Idn nhu: sdn xudt thidt bi tinh hinh FDI the gidi giai doan tii nSm 2007 ddn cdng nghe thdng tin va truydn thong, san phdm I f LUAN CHINH TRj-So 10/2020
m
2,500.0 2,000.0 1,500.0 1,000.0 500.0 0.0
Bi^u do 1: Ddng von FDI toan cau chia theo trinh dg phat triln ciia nen ldnh tl, giai doan 2007-2018
Donvi:tyUSD - ^ N h o m ni/6c fiangphattner
^ ^ N h o m n i / d c phat trien
—•— Nhom nudc chuyin doi
^ ^ - T o a n t h e g i d i
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Ngudn: UNCTA 2019
xang dau, san xuat 6 to va dich vy tai chinh. Tuy nhien ki tiJ nSm 2015, lupng vdn FDI do vao cac qudc gia nay c6 xu hudng gidm Mn tuc, tir g3n 1,2 nghm ty USD xudng cdn 451 ty USD vao nam 2018 - dSy la nhan td chinh khi^n ddng v6n FDI sut giim tren quy mo toan cau. Nguyen nhan chinh cua xu huong nay bSt ngudn tii viec mpt sd lupng ldn cac cong ty xuyen qudc gia cua My da quyet djnh hdi huong sau khi dy luat cdi each thug thu nh^p doanh nghiep dupe Thupng vi6n va Ha vi^n My thdng qua vao nSm 2017. Di6u nay da gay ra mpt str sut giam vdn FDI len den 73% a chau Au, di^u chua tiing xay ra tii nhiing nam 1990.
Trong khi do, FDI dd vao cac nuoc dang phit tri^n lai cd xu hirong tSng nhe, ngoai trir cac nSm tii 2008 den 2010 do anh hir6ng ciia khiing hoang tai chinh toan ciu. Nam 2018, cic qudc gia dang phat tri^n chi^m toi 58% lupng vdn ddu tu FDI tren the gioi va mpt niia trong sd cac qudc gia nhan dau tu nhieu n h i t n i m 2017 va 2018 ciing thudc ve khdi ntrdc dang phit trien, cu the la: An Dp, Tnmg Qudc, Hong Kong, Singapore, v i Brazil (Xem bigu dd 2y^K
Thdhai, gia tri cac thuong vu mua b i n va sip nhap (M&A) biSn dpng Uen tuc tii sau cupc khiing hoing tai chinh toan cau n i m 2008.
Bilu do 2:10 nirdc nhSn d^iu tu- FDI nhieu nhat nam 2017 va 2018 Danvi:tyUSD
200 250 300
Ngudn: UNCTA 2019
LV LUAN CHfNH T R I - S o 10/2020
U THtrcTIJN-KINHNGHItM
Bieu do 3: Gia tri mua ban va sap nhap M&As tren toan cau giai floan 2007-2018 Don \1: If USD
1500 1000
500 - 1 1 —
Jtziiiji I I 3 L J L 1 II l i
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Ngudn: Tdnghgp sdh$u tir UNCTAD Nam2018,giitriM&Atingl9%sov6i2017,dat
miic cao thii ba ke tii nam 2007, boi cic cic cong ty da qudc gia ti^p tuc tan dung Ipi thg cua mmh ve chi phi tin dung thip ciing nhu vi thg thanh khoan cao. Bao cio aia UNCTAD cur^ ghi nhan, mpt phan ba sd thuong vu M&A dupe thuc hien boi cic cdng ty da qudc gia ciia My. Doanh sd M&A rdng tang len 822 ty USD vio nam 2018, chii yeu do hoat dpng mua ban trong liiih vuc dich vu (tang 35% so voi 2017, len dgn 4621^ USD) vi khu vuc thii nhat cua nen kinh tg (ting 65% so vdi 2017, uoc tinh 40 ty USD). Die biet, mua bin tii sin hen quan den boat dpng tai chinh vi bao higm, diu thd vi khi gas tu nhien tang manh.
Ngupc lai, M&A trong linh vuc san xuat co xu
huong giam nhe (giim 2%, 3201^ USD). Ciing v6i su gia tang ve tdng gia tri M&A, quy mO m6i thuong vu M&A ciir^ ting leiL Cu the, bio cio niy chl ra, quy md trung binh nim 2018 la 128 tri§u USD, ting khoing 30% so vdi 2017. Sd thuong vu M&A ldn hon 31^ USD ting tu 63 thuong vi^ nim 2017 len dgn 80 thuang vu nim 2018, tip trung vao mpt sd nginh cong ng^ep nhu phuong ti?n truyen thong, thudc va vi§n thdng.
Thii ba, gia tri tdng sd du in diu tu FDI mdi di phuc hdi nhu du kign sau khiing hoing nhung CO ban vin con khi ygu.
Cudc khiing hoang tai chinh toan ciu nim 2008 di lim cho gii tri du an diu tu mdi giam manh tu 1.298 ty USD nim 2008 xudng con 955 Bieu do 4: Gia tri dir an dau tu- FDI moi giai doan 2007-2018
Donvi:tyUSD
2015 2016 2017 2018 Ngudn: UNCTAD 2019
Vi L U A N CHlNH T R I - So 10/2020
M
ty USD nim 2009, sau do tigp tuc dao dpng cho dgn nay. Tuy nhien, co thg thiy, sau nim 2012, xu hudng chinh la ting nhe, ngoai trii su sut giam tuong ddi manh vio nim 2017 - udc tinh dat 7011^ USD, la miic thip nhit ke tir nam 2013 dgn nay.
Thii tu, lai nhuan thu dugc tu vdn FDI giam trgn tit ci cac khu vuc"'.
Nim 2017, ty Ie Ipi nhuin Ugn vdn FDI cham miic thip nhit ttong giai doan 2012-2017 6tatci cic khu vuc ttgn thg gioi. Nhdm cic qudc gia dang phit trign, Dong A ra Dong Nam A dung dau vg t^ le Ipi nhuan trgn vdn FDI, dat miic khoang 11% giai doan tu 2012-2015. Nim 2016 vi 2017, ty lg nay giim nhe cung voi xu hudng chung cua toan ciu, lin lupt Ii 10,3% vi 10,1%. Do vay, du doan ttong thdi gian tdi, vdn FDI tuy cd thg giam nh? nhung khu vuc Dong A vi Ddng Nam A (ttong do CO Viet Nam) vin sg li mdt diem hap dan diu tu FDI voi lgi thg vg t^ le Ipd nhuin ttgn vdn FDI so vdi cic khu vuc con lai tten thg gidi.
Thti nim, vi Iinh vuc diu tu, hoat dpng FDI toan ciu trong thdi gian vira qua chu ygu tap
trung vao Imh vuc cong nghiep dua ttgn dich vu nhir cQng nghe vi dich vu cong nghe thOng tin (chidm 12,8% tdng sd du an FDI tten toan die gioi); dich vu doanh nghiep (10,5%); cong nghiep det (8,6%); dich vu tai chinh (7,7%); thigt bi, di^ng cu, miy mdc cdng nghigp (5,9%);
truyenthdng(5,3%)<^. Rieng khu vuc ASEAN, cac linh vuc thu hut FDI ttong thdi gian qua c6 su thay ddi nhit dinh.
HoJit dpng FDI cr cac nuoc ASEAN cho thiy xu hudng chuygn din tii linh vuc sin xuat sang Imh vuc dich vu. Nam 2017 danh diu su tiiay ddi manh me ve co ciu diu tu, theo do thuong mai ban buon vi bin Ie di vupt qua tai chinh va san xuat - vdn la hai nginh co truygn thdng thu hiit FDI nhieu nhat, dg tta thinh nganh nghg diing diu ttong viec hip din cic nhi diu tu nudc ngoii. Ben canh do, mpt sd hoat dpng diu tu ndi bat khac ttong thdi gian tii nim 2017 ttd lai day la: cham soc sue khde, R&D, giio due, thuong mai dien tii, vi dac biet la cong nghe tai chinh. Dudi tic ddng ciia cupc Cich mang cdng nghiep 4.0, diy dupe xem la mgt xu huong diu tu phu hpp.
Bang 1: ty If I9I nhuan tren von FDI theo khu vuc giai doan 2012 - 2017 Don vi: t^ USD
Khu virc
T h f p 'Gicp&glaphatitiifik
Cdcquficgiadangph^trien ChSufhl £«:•,;-•.- , Chiu A
.GdngA-v^fi&ngNamA immk
13yA
OduMjl-Latinh vl viin; Carib§
iNlliktrihtfchuyfndoi
2012
8,1 6,7 10,0 123 10,5 11,5 7,2 5J 7,9 14,4
2013
7,8 63 9,8 12,4 10,8 11,8 6,7 5,4 6.7 13,9
2014
7,9 6,6 9,5 10,6 10,6 11,7 6,1 4,9 6,6 14,6
2015
6,8 5,7 8,5 7,1 9,9 IW 5,5 4,6 5,2 W
2016
7,0
^ g l ^ g g H 8,1- 5,4 9 j 103 6,4 4,6 53 11,1
2017
6,7 5,7 8,0 63 9,1 10,1 5,7 3,4 5,6 l U Ngudn: UNCTAD 2018
LV LUAN CNiNH TRj - Sif 10/2020
^ THUC T i t N - KINH N G H r | M
nhim huong toi khai thac nhung thanh tuu ciJa khoa hpc, cOng nghe ciing nhu phat trien, dao tao ngudn nhan luc cho su phat tri^n b6'n viing.
Bang 2: Cac nganh thu hiit FDI nhi^u nhat tai khu vffc ASEAN giai doan 2014-2017
Nam Nganh thu hiit FDI nhicu nhit Isap xep theo thurtugiam dan)
2014 Dlutuccrs(S!h^t3nggiaothdng,nanglirang san xuat
•Ri chfnh
^ , _ iJllLclang cd sd vat chat ha tang
^ h vu (dac bift la tai chinh) Thumtg mai b^n budn va ban le Thiidng mai bin buon va ban le Tai chinh
Ski xuat
Cham soc siJc khoe 'X.
T^|t dong R&D . . ; - ; ^ S M
Ngudn: Nhdm tic gii tdnghgp Trong thai gian tdi, mot sd nhin td nii ro ddi voi ho^t dong FDI nhir su xiu di ciia bdi canh kinh tg vi mo; di^u kien tai chinh toan cau bi thit chit; cang thing thuong mai tang cirong; mpt sd n^n kinh te moi ndi d§ bi tdn thucmg truoc cic cu sdc ciia thi tnrong tii chinh; xu hudng bao hp thuong mai; tic dpng cua nen kinh ti sd; su sut giim manh me chi sd hoan von FDI trong sudt 5 nira qua, UNCTAD du doin trong trung ban, dong vdn FDI nhi^u kha ning se khdng th^ phuc hdi nhu mong mudn. Tuy nhien, mot sd diem sang v^ cic tieu chi hen quan din FDI ddi voi khu vye Dong Nam A nhir gii tri thuong vu mua bin vi sip nhap, gii tri cic du an dau tu mdi hing nim, ty Ie hoin vdn diu tu FDI, hoin toin cd thi cho phep chung ta hy vpng vi mpt thoi ky
ting truang ttong thu hut FDI tai khu vuc nay, trong do cd Viet Nam. Die biet, xu huang dau tu vao cic nganh nghe va Iinh vuc cung co nhieu sy thay ddi dudi tic dong cua cudc Cach m^ng cdng nghigp 4.0. Day cung ii digm can luu y khi trien khai nhiing ke ho^ch, chign lupc thu hiit FDI trong bdi canh moi ddi vdi cac qudc gia ttong khu vuc ndi chung va Viet Nam ndi rieng,
2. Xu hu-omg van dgng ciia dau tir tryc tiep niro'c ngoai tai Viet Nam
Nim 1987, Lu^tDautunuoc ngoii dupe Qudc hpi thong qua tgo tign dg quan trpr^ cho viec mo ciia thu hut diu tu nuoc ngoii, gdp phin tich cyc dg Vigt Nam bit dau xiy di^g vi hoin thien ngn ting the chg ban dau ve diu tu kinh doanh vi kuih tg thi tnrdng. Trong giai doan nay, diu tu nudc ngoai ndi chung vi dSu tu true tiep nu6c ngoai (FDD ndi rieng la ngudn luc quan ttpng cho diu tu phit trign, thuc day Viet Nam hOi nh^p vao nen kmh tg thg gidi, tir do dua dit nude vuot qua giai doan kho khan, khiing hoang'®.
Nim 1990, lupng FDI dd vao Vi^t Nam chi dat 180 ttieu USD, dii dgn nim 1997, nhdvao suning dpng chung ciia khu vuc vi cong cupc cai each nhanh chong ciia Vigt Nam, vdn FDI da ting Ign 2,6 ty USD. Sau khi sut giam sau do inh hir6ng ciia cudc khiing hoing til chinh chau A, dong vdn FDI di bit diu ting manh tro lai tu nim 2003, va dat muc 2,31^ do la vio nim 2006'^. Tuy nhign vg CO ban, FDI ciia Vigt Nam ttong ^ai doan 1986- 2006 van thip hon nhigu so vdi cic nudc khic ttong khu vuc nhu Thii Lan va Malaj^Ia,
Nim 2007, su kien Viet Nam ttd thinh thanh vien chinh thue ciia Td chiic Thuong mai thg gi6i (WTO) da tao ra Ian song FDI thii hai dd vg ttong nudc, die bigt la tii cic nhi diu tu Han Qudc, Hoa Ky va Nhat Bin. Cu thg li, nam 2008, Vigt Nam thu hut dupe 1.171 du in vdi tdng vdn ding ky Ign dgn 71,71^ USD, gin bing sd von FDI luy
LY LUAN CHfNH TRj - So 10/2020
ii
Khu cong nghiep Yen Phong, Bdc Ninh _ Anh: thoibaokinhdoanh vn
kg Ciia giai doan 1988-2007 la 77,81^ USD. Tuy nhign, budc sang nam 2009 v i 2010, dudi anh huong ciia cudc khung hoang kinh tg toin ciu, ddng vdn FDI vao Vigt Nam bi sut giam dang kg.
Giai doan tir 2011 den nay, FDI a Viet Nam da cho thay cd xu hudng phuc hdi vi cai thi?n sau khiing hoing. Day la kgt qua dat duge nhd tign ttinh ti'ch cue, chii dpng hpi nhap qudc tg toan dien vi day manh tham gia cic Hiep dinh thuong mai t^f do (FTA) cua Viet Nam. Theo bio cao ciia UNCTAD ve diu tu khu vuc chau A, Viet Nam la qudc gia duy nhat cd ddng FDI 6.6 vi ttong nude lign tyc ting qua cic nim, ttong do Nhit Ban, Hin Qudc vi ASEAN li ba nhi diu tu ldn nhit vio Viet Nam, chidm 67% tdng linmg FDI, tap trung chii ygu vio cdng nghiep che bign, chg tao.
Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, voi nhimg dieu kien thuin loi vg vi tri dia ly, li eiia ngd giao thuong qudc tg, cd he thdng ket cau ha ting phit tiien, cd ngudn nhin Iuc chat lupng cao va ddng thdi
la trung tam kinh tg Ion nhit ca nude, vin li dia phuong dan dau ttong thu hiit FDI vdi 963 du in vi tong vdn ding ky Ii 6.745,4 trieu USD, chigm 17,5% tdng vdn diu tu. Binh Duong xgp thii hai vdi 554 du in FDI, tuy nhien vdi tdng vdn diu tu la 2.835,3 ty USD (chiem 7,6% tdng vdn diu tu) l£ii xep thii ba sau Bic Ninh vdi 3.623,7 ty USD (ehiem 9,8% tong vdn dau tu)"^.
Vdi viee ky kgt va thuc hien cae Hiep dinh thuang mai tu do (FTA) song phuang va da phuang, Viet Nam sg ngay eing thu hut dirpc nhieu vdn FDI hon nira. Boi le, cac mang ludi higp dinh thuang mai nay khong chi li cahpi de ehung ta tigp can thuan loi hon vdi nhiing thi truang quan ttpng nhu Nhit Ban, Han Qudc, An Dp..., ma cdn giup chiing ta thu hut cac nha dau tu thupc nhom tim Mem hieu qua (Efficiency- seeking) bdi cic nhi dau tu nay thuang hudng vigc san xuit hang hoa hoae dich vu a Viet Nam, tir do xuat khau sang thi tnrdng thii ba va duac
LVLUAN CHfNH TR!-So 10/2020
^ 1 THUC TIJN - KINH NGHlgM
huong cac uu dai vg thug quan. Tuy nhien, xu hudng niy cOng mang Iai nhung thich thiie cho boat dpng thu hut FDI d Viet Nam khi chiing ta phai ddi mat vdi su canh ttanh tuong ddi gay git dgn tii cie nude ddi tic ttong khu vuc mau dich tu do FTA vg dia bin sin xuat va dich vu xuit khau. Hon the niia, moi trudng kinh doanh cua Viet Nam vin tdn tai nliigu rio can voi cie nhi diu tu nude ngoai nhu vin de ve khimg phip Iy vi cic dieu kien kinh doanh cdn chua nhit quan, thigu tinh minh bach, ttich nhiem giai trinh, chi phi boat dpng kmh doanh eao vi nhit li khau thue thi kem hieu qui. Do d6, doi hoi Chinh phii tiong thdi gian toi phai tigp tuc cai thien mdi trudng diu tu, kinh doanh, tir do tao lgi thg canh ttanh thu hiit dong vdn FDI cho Vigt Nam^^'.
3. Cff h9i va thich thu-c doi voi Bac Ninh trong thu hiit FDI thiti gian toi
Tnroe hdt, Bic Ninh e6 nhigu lod thg so sanh ve vi tri dia Iy so vdi cic dia phuong khic ttong ca nuoe. La mdt tinh thupc vung dong bing sdng Hong, Bic Nhih nim Uong tam giie kinh te ttong
digm Hi Npi - Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh va la eira ngo phia Dong Bic ciia thii do Ha Npi, tigp giip vol cic tmng tim kinh te ldn ciia phia Bic. Ddng thdi, Tmh ciing cd he thdng giao tiiong thuin loi voi hg thdng duong cao tdc Ha Npi - Bic Ninh, cic tuygn dudng hen tinh quan ttpng va nim rit gin sin bay qudc tg Ndi Bai vi cang bign Hai Phong.
Ben canh lgi tiig vg vi tri dia Iy, trong tiidi gian qua, Bic Nmh cdn lien tuc eai thi0n moi ti-udng diu tu, die biet la vg the che va cosd vgt chat ky thuat.
Chi sd nang lue canh ttanh cip tinh ciia Bic Nmh ttong nhung nim gin diy ludn dat tii mirc khi ttd Ign, rieng giai doan tii 2009-2014, Tinh xgp hang tdt vi rat tdt. Nim 2018, chi sd PCI ciia Bic Ninh cung d^t miie cao nhit kg tii nam 2010 voi 64,5 diem. Mgt sd digm thinh phin vg c^nh ttanh binh ding, dich vu ho ttp doanh nghiep, the che phip Iy vi dao tao lao dgng co xu hudng ting din, diy la mpt ttong nhirng diem cOng ttong thu hiit FDI ciia Tinh. Vdi vi tri dia ly va mdi tnrong kinh doanh tieh cue nhu vay, BSc Bang 3: Tong hffp kit qua chi so PCI tinh Bac Ninh giai doan 2006 -2018
Gia nhap thi tnr^g Tiep can dat dai Tinh minh bach Chi phi thdi (jian Chi phi lihong chfnh thdc Canh tranh binh ^ng Tinh nang ddng D|ch«iihotidDN Oao tao lao dong Thiet ch? phap ly PCI Xep hang
7,25 6,06 6,09 3,04 6,24 n/a 6,87 4,6 . 6,53 4,14 56.47 14
7,12 7;16 5,64 6,63 6,8 n/a i 5,91 4,62 5,94 5,32 58,96 5»
8,69 7,38 6,41
sm-i
7,2
mam
6,6 7J5 5,55 5,2 59,57 16
9,13 6,4&.
7,03
^
7,03 5,04 3,97 5,91 5,89 65,7 10
7,29 S42 i 6,37 7S8":
5,88 8,84 I5I2 5,84 7i88-' 7,3 7,09 7,74 5,814 5,76 5,64 64,48 6
5,45 6,42 62,27 2
9,11 5,88 6,07
7,73 6,7.H 6,22 l l l W 7,24 7,37 i W i 4,57 1 6,62 5,47 3,7 5,55 3 , 1 ' 62,26 10
3,69 6,04 4,97 61,07 12
8,13 6,35 5,4 506 6,73 5,23 60,92 10
8,1 5,85 7,11 4,22 5,07 i j i 6,82 538 59,91 13
8,29 |7,27 5*7 5,1 -•
4,/M 5,32 7,17 US ;i 60,35 17 . 1
5,93 W H -
S81«
7,56 S091 64J6 17«r
7,22
5,32
5,99
mm
7,69 64,51 1SH .\gu6n: PC I d/j piiimng201)6-2018
LfLUAN CHlNH TRI-So 10/2020
M
Nmh ludn nim ttong nhiing digm sing vg thu hut diu tu FDI ttong ca nude thdi gian qua.
Tuy nhign, Bic Nmh ciing gap phai su canh ttanh mgnh me vdi mgt sd dia phuong khic ttong thu hut vdn FDI, die biet li 6 khu vuc phia Bic ed Hi Npi, Quang Nmh, Hii Phong vi Vinh Phiic. Nim 2018, Quang Nmh din diu ve chi sd PCI ttong ca nuoc vol 70,36 digm, ttong khi do, Hi Ngi vi Vinh Phuc lan lupt giii vi tri sd 9 vi 13 vdi 65,40 vi 64,55 diem. Bic Nmh vdi 64.5 diem, li digm sdPCI cao nhat eiia Tinh kg tii nam 2010 nhung chi xep thii 15 ttong ci nuoe. Xep hgng PCI niy da thg hign ro tinh hinh thu hut FDI thuc tg ciia cic dia phuong.
Bigu dd 8 vg sd lupng du an FDI moi va so vdn ding ky ttgn dia ban Bic Ninh giai doan 2009- 2018, CO the thiy, sd lugng du in diu tu moi cd xu hirdng ting, tii gan 50 d\r in nim 2009 den gan 200 du in nim 2017, nhung lai cd xu hirdng sut giim ttongnim 2018. Vesd vdn dang ky, sau giai doan ting hen tuc tir 2009 dgn 2014, nim 2015 sd lieu niy giim siu dgn 232 trigu USD (chi bing 1/6
so vdi nim 2014), sau do ting nhe vao nam 2016 vi tigp tiic duy tri xu huong giam tii nim 2017.
Nhm chung, sir sut giam dong vdn FDI dau tu cua Bie Nmh tu 2016 dgn nay li mgt hien tugng hoin toan ttii ngupc vdi xu hudng Men tuc ting cua dong vdn FDI tten ca nuoe. Thuc te nay cho tiiiy, Bic Ninh dang co diu hieu "hut hai" ttong cugc canh ttanh thu hut FDI so voi nhiing dia phirong khac. Viec eai cich mdi trudng dau tu dem lai nhigu kgt qui tieh cue, nhung nhin chung, tdc dp thay ddi cdn cham, ddi hoi Bic Nhih can no luc hon nira de bit kip vol cic tinh, thinh phd khic ttong khu vuc noi rigng vi tten ca nuoe noi chung.
Ngoii ra, cic nhi dau tu nudc ngoai dang cd xu hudng quan tim ban den cic linh vuc ngoai sin xuit nhu cong nghe thdng tin, dieh vu doanh nghiep, truygn thdng, tii chinh hay bit dOng sin.
Khu vuc sin xuit nhin FDI ttong ca nudc tuy vin chiem ty ttong cao nhit song co xu huang sut giam manh ttong nhiing nim gin day dudi tic dgng ciia cupc Cich mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Trong khi do, cac linh vuc diu tu chu ygu cua Bic Ninh Bieu do 5: So dy an FDI mdi va so von dang ky tren dia ban tinh Bac Ninh
giai doan 2009-2018
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1600 1400 1200 1000
Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
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Ngudn: Nhdm tac gia tdnght^
IV LUAN CHlNH T R j - S o 10/2020
^ THUCTIJN - KINH NGHflM
l i cdng nghigp chg bign, chg tao v i dign tu, ngoai ra phin ldn l i cic du i n ve tinh, du an phu ttg sin xuit cho cic tap doin. Bic Ninh chii tiuar^ "Tip trung vao cic nginh nghg chinh la dien tii, che tao, chg bien hirdng tdi mue tieu hinh tiianh tnmg t i m dien tii eiia c i nuoc v i khu virc"'^\ Linh vuc dign tii vign thdng vol suxuat hien cua nhigu "dng ldn" tten thg gidi nhu Samsung, Microsoft, Canon, Nokia... d i dem Iai nhieu ket qua tich cue cho kinh tg dia phuong, l i mOt ttong nhiing ygu td quan ttpng nhat dua Bic Nmh tu mpt tinh thuin nong tt6 thinh mpt tinh cong nghiep ttong thai gian qua. Tuy nhign, vdi xu hirdng chuygn dich nginh nghg dau tu cua FDI ttgn thg gioi v i Viet Nam hign nay, chii tnrong niy ngu vin tigp tuc dupe duy tii, nhieu kha ning se ttdthanh mpt lire can, gay bit loi ttong viee keu gpi va thu hut FDI moi ciia tinh. Giai doan tigp theo, Bic Ninh can sdm digu chinh dinh hudng chign luge ve thu hiit FDI, dya tten cac ygu td mdi vg chit Iugng dich vu v i chuoi eung iing, vdi su tham gia ciia chinh quygn dia phuong ttong cic cam kgt vg ttich nhiem xi hdi. Ngoai ra, can day manh hen ket kinh tg ttong nudc va khu vue FDI, ting cudng chuygn giao cdng nghe, nang cao chit luang dong vdn d i u tu FDI, tieh euc p h i t trign cong nghe ha tang va bdi duong ngudn lao dpng chit lupng cao cung cap cho cac khu cong n ^ e p . Cd nhu v^y, Bic Nmh moi cd thg khai thie tdi da nhiing tigm nang m i FDI mang lai, ddng thoi tin dung nhiing co hpi cua xu huang chuyen dich dong vdn qudc tg ttgn ca sdphit huy tdi da nhirng Igi thg cua dia phuong •
{1} UNCn'AD: ^eaninves&nentreporr20J6Foreign Direct investment and MSME Linkages, 2016, https://unctad.org/en/PubIicationsLibrary/unc-
tad_asean_air2016dl.pdf.
(2) Trang Tran; Bic Ninh din ddu vi thu hut FDI trong quy I, 2019, http://kinhtevadubao.vn/chi- tiet/92-13755-bac-ninh-dan-dau-ve-thu-hut-fdi- ttong-quy-i.htmI.
(3) VCCI, USAID: Chlson^gluc canh tranh cip tinh cua Viet Nam nam 2018, 2019, http://pci2018.pcivietnam.vn/upIoads/2019/Bao- CaoPCI2018_VIE.pdf.
(4) UNCTAD: World investment report 2018, Investment and new industrial policies, 2018, https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibraTy/wir201 8_.en.pdf.
(5) BO kg hoach v i diu tir. Du thio Chiin luge va dinh hudng chiin luge thu hut FDI thi he mdi, gai doan 2018-2030,3-2018.
(8) Nguygn Chi Dflng: Tim nhin mdi, cohdi mdi cho dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viit Nam, "30 nam thu hut dau tu nuoc ngoai tai Vigt Nam Tim nhin va co hOi mdi ttong ky nguyen moi", Bp Kg hoach vi diu ttr, 2018, tt4-10.
(7) Tdng cue thdng kg: Dau tu true tiip nudc ngoai duoc cip giiy phep nSm 2019 phan theo dja phuang. https://www.gso.gov.vn/SLTK/SeIection.
a s p x ? r x i d = 8 f l 6 1 7 6 0 - 9 b a 0 - 4 c 6 d - 8 8 9 8 - fdefla92c072&px^db=04.+%c4%90%el%ba%a7u+t%
c6%bO&px_type=PX&px_language=vi&px_tableid=0 4.+%c4%90%el%ba%a7u+t%c6%bO%5cV04.17.px (8) Cue diu tu nuoc ngoii: Imh hinh thu hut d^u n/
nuac ngoai nim 2018, https://dautunuocngoai.
gov. vn/TinBai/6108/Tmh-hinh-thu-hut-Dau- tu- nuoc-ngoai-nam-2018.
(9) Sd ke hoach va dau tu tinh Bic Ninh: Bio cio tinh hinh diu tu trgc tiip nu6c ngoai cic nSm tir 2009-2018.
(10) Nguygn Phucmg Bic: Khu vgc FDI tao nin nhOng diSu ndi bat cOa Bic Ninh. https:/ /baodau- thaavn/khu-vuc-fdi-tao-nen-nhung-dieu-noi-bat- cua-bac-ninh-post58912.hanl, 2018.
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