TRIET HOC XA HOI VA VAI TRO CUA NO TRONG BOI CANH CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP LAN THlT TlT
T r a n Nguyen V i e r '
*"' Pho giao su, tien sT, Vien Tnit hpc, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hgi Viet Nam.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 05 thang 02 nam 2020. Chip nhan dang ngay 20 thang 5 nam 2020.
T6m t i t : Trilt hpc xa hgi la chuyen nganh triet hgc nghi6n ciiu cac van de vl ddi song xa h^i vdi nhimg chiic nang va phuong phap dac thu. Ve thuc chat, triet hgc xa hoi la su bo sung cho hf thong md ciia chu nghia duy vat lich su, sir bo sung dd chinh la nhiing yeu td tich cue dugc nit ra tii cac hgc thuyet triet hgc, tam ly, chii nghia ky thuat xuit hifn trong thi ky XX. Vdi tinh than do, bai viet phan tich vai tro va vi the cua trilt hpc xa hpi ddi vdi ddi song tinh thin con ngudi trong boi canh each mang cong nghiep lan thii tu.
Tur khoa: Trilt hgc, trilt hgc xa hfi, chiic nang cua triet hgc xa hgi, tin tai xa hgi, y thirc xa hgi, xa hgi hgc, tam ly hgc, chu nghTa ky thuat, thuylt dja ly, dia chinh tri.
I. T r i l t hgc va t r i l t hoc xa hdi Triet hgc xuat hifn trong lich sii loai ngudi tir khi tri thiic kinh nghif m khdng dii de con ngudi thich nghi vdi mdi trudng xa hdi va sinh hgc trong ky vgng cai tao mdi trudng dd cd lgi cho chinh ban than nd.
Dgc bift, vao thdi ky xuat hifn cua khoa hgc, trong dd cd triet hgc, ddng nghTa vdi thdi ky nhan thitc cua con ngudi chuyen tir than thoai sang suy ngam triet hgc khoa hgc ve the gidi xung quanh va vi the ciia nd trong the gidi dd, thi triet hgc xuat hien g i n nhu ddng thdi d An Do, Trung Hoa va phuang Tay, bat ke ba trung tam dd each xa nhau ve dia ly. That khd ed tieu chi nao dugc dimg de xac dinh cac he thdng triet hgc, eac trudng phai triet hgc, song sy xuat hifn hai trung tam triet hgc phuang Ddng
cd dai vdi cac hinh thai the gidi quan dugc luan chiing mdt each ro rang, du co sd ly luan de phan bac lgi nhiing dinh kien dya tien quan diem lay chau Au lam trung tam de coi cac nen triet hgc phuang Ddng la khdng dich thyc .
Quan diem lay chau Au lam trung tam khing dinh chi cd nhiing he thdng triet hgc mang tinh kinh dien (tiic tinh khoa hgc cy the) vdi eac nha triet hgc chau Au cd trung ' Triet hpc phuang Dong coi con ngucri la mpt bp p h ^ khong the tach roi ciia vii try; ngoai mpt s6 phirong an dya tren than thoai vfi sir hinh thanh vii try, chung ta con biet den cac truong phai triet hpc An Dp CO dai nhu Sankhya, Yoga dii xuSt phat tu quan diem nhj nguyen luan (coi cac y£u t6 ty nhien - prakrity va yeu to tinh than - purusa la nguon gle ciia vu try, thuyat nguyen tu ciia Vaisesica), niel hpc ty nhifin ciia Djch. v.v. Ii bSng chung ro rft vk the giai quan triei hpc ciia hai nen tridt hpc nay.
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dgi vdn la nhiing nha bac hgc nhu Talet, Pitago, Oclit, Niutgn, v.v., mdi la nhiing hf thdng trilt hgc dieh thyc, cdn tiilt hgc phuong Ddng chi mang hinh thuc tien triet hgc (paraphilosophy), thgm chi chi la manh nha trilt hgc (prophilosophy) vdn cd ti:ong cac than thogi, nghf thuat va tdn giao. Tuy nhien, khi xay ra khuynh hudng phan bift giiia trilt hgc va cae khoa hgc cu the, ngudi ta nhan thay cac nganh khoa hgc ngay cang tham nhap vao ban chat cua cac hien tugng ty nhien mdt each chuyen biet, thi trilt hgc vdi tu each khoa hgc ve cac quy luat ehung nhat ciia ty nhien, xa hdi va tu duy ciing la luc budc nd phai quay trd ve vdi ngudn gdc dich thyc cua nd. Ndi each khac, triet hgc dugc ddng nghTa vdi sieu hinh hgc^. Chinh vi vgy, dinh ngMa triet hgc cua chii nghTa Mae cho rang triet hgc la khoa hgc ve cac quy luat chung nhat cua ty nhien, xa hdi va tu duy 1^ hoan toan chinh xac khi chiing ta coi nd la mdt khoa hgc. Vay ngoai cdc quy ludt chung nhdt iy cdn rat nhiSu hifn tugng cua th^ gidi khdng thugc cac quy lugt ehung nhat cd dugc coi la ddi tugng cua triet hgc khdng? Khoa hoc c^ng phat trien thi nhgn thiic khoa hgc eua cac chuyen nganh khoa hgc cu the cang tid nen dgc lap han, dieu do keo theo hf qua la ddi tugng cua triet hgc cang bi thu hep. Dieu dd ciing dien ra trong chinh ban than triet hgc, khi chiing ta dang de cap din mdt chuyen nganh hep cua nd la triet hgc xa hgi.
Tuy nhien, tdng hda cac quan niem chung nhit vl thi gidi ndi chung, vl eac quy luat phd biln cua the gidi trong sy tdn tgi va phat triln eua nd ndi rieng, se lam cho ddi tugng cua tri thiic triet hgc chi cdn
la the gidi ty nhien vdi nhiing vin dl chung cua nhgn thite. Dd la sy cin thilt phai xac dinh cho trilt hgc xa hdi mgt vi the ximg dang vdi nhung lat cit xa hgi ciia tri thiic triet hgc ndi chung va cac ylu td cau thanh chinh ban than nd ndi rieng. Khi dd ban the lugn xa hdi cua nd vdi nhung ddi tugng cu the se la ban thi kinh tl, ban the xa hgi theo nghTa hep (hay cdn ggi la ban the xa hdi thuan tuy), tdn tai sinh thai, tdn tai ve mat dan sd, v.v..
De xac dinh vi the cua triet hgc xa hdi, thiet nghi can lam ro chiic nang cua nd la gi? Nhu chung ta deu biet, chiie nang eiia triet hgc la the gidi quan va phuong phap lugn. Thyc ra ca hai chiic nang nay dan xen, tham nhap vao nhau, do dd, viec chimg ta can lam la ngoai hai chuc nang CO ban nay ciia triet hgc ndi chung, triet hgc xa hdi can dugc bd sung thSm chiic nang nao niia khdng.
Ciing vdi chiic nang the gidi quan va lien he chat che vdi chiie nang do thi triet hgc xa hgi duong nhien thyc hien chiic nang thir hai, dd la chiic nang phuang phap lugn. Phuang phap triet hgc la he thong cac nguyen ly chung nhat ciia nghien eiiu ly luan ve thyc tien cugc sdng.
Song, nguyen ly khdng phai ddng nhat, ma khac nhau. Dan cu hai nhdm phuang phap khac bift, tham chi ddi lap nhau la phep bien chimg va sieu hinh cung cho
^ Khai niem "sieu hinh hpc" (metaphisica) khong nen higu mft each gian dan vg mat phuong phap luan diing dl chi sy doi lap vdi phep bifn chiing, ma la cai dang sau vat ly hpc - hpc thuyet triet hoc vl khai thiiy sieu kinh nghiem va cac quy luat cua tin t^i noi chung hay mot dang ton tai nao d6.
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chiing ta thay ro dieu dd. Trong lich sii triet hgc, hai phuong phap nay luan phien nhau thdng Oi bdi dac thu phat triln eiia cac tri thitc khoa hgc cu the, ve phan minh, mdi mgt khoa hgc eu thi lai sii dung phuong phap triet hgc vdi tu each mgt he thdng cac nguyen ly chung ve each tiep can trong vifc nghien ciiu cac hifn tugng va sy vat ma nd quan tam. Trong mgt thdi gian dai dieu nay khien chiing ta dinh hinh quan niem cho rang, hai churc nang neu tren ve nguyen tic la du eho mgi logi hinh triet hgc, trong dd cd triet hgc xa hgi. Tuy nhien, trong bdi canh hien nay, tiilt hgc can phai thyc hien them hai chiic nang khoa hgc phd bien - chiic nang nhdn vdn va vdn hda pho cap.
Chitc nang nhan van hudng tdi vifc giao due nhan each theo tmh than eiia chii nghTa nhan van thyc te lam ca sd luan chiing khoa hgc cho sy nghiep giai phdng va hoan thien con ngudi. Da phan cac he thdng, trudng phai triet hgc tiong lich sit dSu dat ra va giai quyet cac van de lien quan den y nghTa cudc sdng con ngudi, mdi quan he giiia con ngudi va the gidi xung quanh. Trong do, ba van de ma I.Kant dat ra trong Phe phdn ly tinh thudn tiiy ciing nhu vifc di tim ldi giai dap cho ba v3n de do da trd thanh "cdng vifc" mudn ddi ciia triet hgc, ddng thdi cung phan anh chirc nang nhan van cua nd gdm: "1. Tdi cd the biet dieu gi? 2. Tdi cin phai lam gi?
3. Tdi cd the hy vgng vao dieu gi?".
Nhu vgy, triet hgc ndi chung va triet hgc xa hdi ndi rieng vdi cac chitc nang co ban neu tren, khdng the thay the cac khoa hgc eu the trong vifc giai quyet cac van de
chuyen nganh mang tinh dac thii, do do no khdng thi la khoa hgc ciia cac khoa hgc ma trong thdi gian dai ngudi ta gan cho no cai tinh toan nang. Tuy nhien, dieu khdng thi phu nhgn la tiilt hgc da dem lai cho cac khoa hgc cu thi sy tdng hgp y nghTa thilt thyc vl mat thi gidi quan va phuang phap luan, nhan van va van hda phd quat.
Cac chiic nang nay ddng thdi xac dinh vi the cua trilt hgc xa hgi trong he thdng cac tri thiic nhan van ciing nhu toan bg tri thiic khoa hgc ndi chung.
Vay trong tien trinh phat trien ciia triet hgc xa hdi, vai trd eiia cae tri thiic triet hgc khac cd ddng gdp nhu the nao de nd frd thanh mdt he hinh (paradigm) triet hgc ma chiing ta dang de cap tdi? Duong nhien, triet hgc xa hdi khdng phai ngau nhien ma cd. Trong lich sit cac hgc thuyet triet hgc va can triet hgc, chiing ta biet den xa hgi hgc duy tam bi that bgi bdi tinh sieu huih, xem xet xa hdi khdng phai la mgt co the xa hgi toan ven thdng nhat, ma la mgt cai may lien hgp duge tao thanh tir tdng cac chi tiet cua nd. Mdt hgc thuyet khac do S.Montesquieu de xudng vao dau the ky XVIII vl tinh quyet dinh lu^n dia ly.
Thuyet quyet dinh lugn dia ly thudng nga ve phia chii nghTa duy tam, cdn ve mgt chinh tri thi nd lgi frd thanh thii trang bi cho cac the lye phan ddng. Lich su da tiing chiing kien trudng phai triet hgc xa hgi vdi phgm tril ndi tieng la dia chinh tri xuit hifn vao nhiing nam 30 ciia the ky XX d Ditc.
Trudng phai nay thyc hien don hang xa hgi la bien hd cho chinh sach xam luge cua nha nude qudc xa bdi sy buc boi vl cac dilu kifn dia ly. Khai nifm dja chinh tq
hifn nay dang mang y nghTa chinh tri frong xu till tianh gidnh anh hudng va lgi ich fren cae dilm ndng ciia the gidi.
Ndi din trilt hgc xa hgi, chiing ta can phai xem xet vai frd eua frigt hgc Mac - Lenin, frong dd chii nghTa duy vat lich sit la mgt bd phan khdng the tach rdi. CMac va Ph.Angghen hudng chii nghia duy vat vao vifc giai thich hinh thitc phuc tap nhit eiia sy v3n ddng vat chat, dd la hinh thiic xa hgi. Cac dng la nhung ngudi dau tien phan chia cac mdi quan he xa hdi thanh cac quan he vat chat va tinh than, chi ra tinh ed trudc cua cac quan hf vat chat va tinh phai sinh ctia cac quan hf tinh than.
Theo do, nguyen ly tinh cd trudc cua tdn tgi xa hgi va tinh phai sinh ciia y thiic xa hf i tid thanh nguyen ly can ban ciia nhan thuc duy vat ve lich su.
Den nita cudi the ky XIX - dau the ky XX, ben canh chii nghTa duy vat lich sir cdn xuat hifn mdt logt hf hinh triet hgc xa hgi mdi ma chung ta can de cap tdi khi xem xet logic phat trien ciia triet hgc xa hgi. Dd la thuyet quyet dinh lugn sinh hgc, xu hudng tam ly hgc va technisism^.
Thuyet quyet dinh lugn sinh hgc xuat hifn vao nita cudi the ky XIX, dugc coi la hgc thuyet triet hgc xa hdi ngoai macxit dya fren nguyen tac nhan thite ddi sdng xa hgi thdng qua cac quy luat va pham tni ciia sinh hgc. Xu hudng sinh hgc frong trilt hgc xa hgi xuit hifn trudc hit, do nhimg thanh tyu to ldn frong sinh hgc duang thdi, dd la sy phat hien ra te bao, quy lugt chgn lgc ty nhien va diu tranh sinh tdn, v.v., sau niia la sy tiiit bai ciia thuylt dia ly ma chii nghia duy vat tiong ITnh vyc xa hdi hgc khdng
chap nhan sy that bgi dd dl di tim cac luan cii mdi cho vifc chiing minh ca sd vat chit, ty nhien frong sy tdn tai va phat triln cua xa hdi. Tren co sd do lam xuit hien cac xu hudng, nhu thuyet Dacuyn xa hgi vdi cac nguyen ly vl chgn lgc ty nhien va diu franh sinh tdn ciia cac nhan td phat triln xa hgi xac dinh; chii nghia phan biet chiing tgc vdi tuyen bd ve sy tac dgng mang tinh quyet dinh cua sy khac biet vl chimg tdc ddi vdi lich su va van hda tung dan tdc ciing nhu toan xa hdi ndi chung; thuyet Phroit, mgt khuynh hudng giai thich hanh vi ciia ca nhan, nhiing nhdm xa hdi va toan bd xa hdi ndi chung frong hoat dgng tam ly vd thitc, frong ban nang (trudc het la ban nang tinh dye va ty vf); thuyet Mantuyt va tan Mantuyt ve van de mdi quan he giiia dan sd va ngheo ddi, lan diu tien dua ra luan chimg ly lugn ve su tdi uu hda sinh san va tang dan sd; khuynh hudng tam ly xuit hifn vao cudi the ky XDC nhu mdt hien tugng phan iing cua tu tudng xa hgi hgc ve sy tim thudng cua viec ly giai dia ly va sinh hgc tiong ddi sdng con ngudi;
khuynh hudng chu nghTa ky thuat ciing la mdt frong nhiing khuynh hudng ca ban cua trilt hgc xa hdi xuat hien frong the ky XX do T.Weblen khdi xudng tap tiiang phe phan chil nghTa duy vat lich su nhu mgt hgc thuylt vl chii nghTa duy vat kinh te va phu nhan vai frd ciia cac nhan td ngoai kinh tl, nhu chmh tri, dgo diic, nghf thugt, v.v..
Tuy nhien, khuynh hudng chu nghTa ky thuat, thudng dugc hieu la duy ky thugt,
^ Technisism - chu nghia ky thuat, hay thuyet duy ky thuat, la hpc thuyet dl cao thai qua vai tro ciia ky thuat.
chi ehii frgng den phuang dien lyc lugng san xuat, de cao vai frd ciia ky thuat mdt each thai qua va bd qua cac quan hf san xuat. Thiet nghT khdng can phai ban cai vl vai trd ciia ky thuat frong mgi thdi dgi, dgc biet la frong dieu kien cudc each mang cdng nghifp 4.0 hifn nay, song viec tuyft ddi hda vai frd va y nghia ciia ky thugt se dan tdi viec lam giam khai nifm "dieu kien ky thuat cua ddi sdng va sy phat trien xa hdi" ciing nhu vifc loai bd nhirng bien ddi xa hdi can ban ra khdi ITnh vyc khoa hgc cdng nghf. Hai yeu td nay cd mdi lien hf mat thiet, thgm chi lam tien de cho nhau cSn dugc quan tam diing miic.
Ndi tdm lai, tir vifc xem xet logic phat trien cua triSt hgc xa hgi frong lich sii, chiing ta thay tinh vugt tigi ciia chii nghTa duy vat lich sit so vdi cac khuynh hudng, trao luu tu tudng nhu nhiing hf hinh it nhieu gdp phan vao qua trinh phat trien dd ciia nd. Tuy nhien, chii nghia duy vat ljch sit vdi tu each mdt hf thdng khoa hgc md ma cac nha sang lap chii nghia Mae tung thita nhan, khdng the tranh khdi mdt sd han che nhat dinh, mac du nd tich hgp dugc nhiing mat tdt nhat ma triet hgc, kinh te hgc, ehinh tn - xa hdi dgt dugc vao cudi the ky XIX. Nguyen nhan d chd quan nifm duy vat ve lich su hinh thanh frong sy ddi lap vdi chii nghTa duy tam xa hdi hgc, lam cho cac nha sang lap cua nd chii yeu chii frgng den vifc luan chimg cac phuang difn kinh te thugc co sd vat chat ciia ddi sdng xa hdi va do dd, khdng phai liic nao ciing dii thdi gian, sue lyc va cac dieu kien khac de lam rd vai frd tich eye cua cac nhan td ngoai kinh te, nhu tam ly - tinh than, ky nghf, dia
ly, sinh hgc - dan sd, v.v.. Chinh \i vay, quan niem duy vat vl lich sir mdt lan niia cin phai frd tiianh mgt he thdng m& de lya chgn, bd sung cho nd nhiing thanh tyu tdt nhat tii tu tudng trilt hgc xa hgi hien dai.
2. Vai tro eua trilt hgc xa hoi trong bSi canh each mang cong nghiep lan thir tu (each mang cong nghiep 4.0)
Thugt ngii "each mang cdng nghiep lan thii tu" cd ngudn gdc tir thugt ngu "Cdng nghiep 4.0" lin diu tien xuat hien tai hgi chg d Hannover nam 2011. Cach mgng cdng nghiep lan thii tu khdng phai la khai niem mdi, dung de chi sy bien ddi can ban frong cac ITnh vyc thdng tin vd truyen thdng, cdng nghe sinh hpc, robot vd tri tue nhdn tgo. Ngay nay, quan niem ve xa hgi thdng tin la mgt xa hdi ma d do logi hmh ca b ^ cua hogt ddng xa hdi la san xuat va sir dung thdng tin. Ndi each khac, thdng tin frd thanh ngudn lye dang ke nhat, cdng n ^ e thdng tin va truyen thdng dang frd thanh cdng nghf nen tang va cimg vdi mdi trudng xa hgi, kinh te cac tri thiic mdi va ddi mdi cdng nghe dang frd thanh nhan td quyet dinh.
Ngay tir the ky XIX, khi dien ra cugc each mang cdng nghiep lan thu nhat, may mdc da thay the con ngudi, din den sy bien ddi to Idn frong y thiic eiia con ngudi. Cho tdi thap ky thii 2 cua the ky XXI, loai ngudi dang chiing kien sy bien ddi kinh tl - xa hgi vdi tdc dg kinh ngac. Cudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 lam cho nhieu nganh nghi hi mat khdi danh muc truyen thdng, keo theo dd la sy phan ting xa hdi giiia nhiing ngudi ed trinh do hgc van vdi nhirng ngudi lao ddng gian don. sy each biet vl cdng nghf giiia cac nude phat trien va dang phat triln 30
ngay cang tang len eiing nhu tgo ra nhinig CO ehl mdi cua sy tac dgng qua lai giua cac ca nhan. Sy each biet nay cdn dien ra giiia cac till hf, mgt ben la Idp fre sinh ra frong tiidi "ky thugt sd" va mdt ben la the he trudc da va dang phai cd gang thich nghi vdi thyc tgi mdi. Dieu nay lam xu^t hifn nhiem vu mdi ciia cac qudc gia frong vifc bdi dudng, phd cap kien thiic mdi ve Imh vyc cdng nghf cho nhiing ngudi tiiudc the he trudc, dang dugc xem la mgt frong nhiing nhifm vu kinh te can ban.
Den giiia the ky XX, loai ngudi da sdm nhgn thay mdi trudng sdng ciia minh khdng ehi gian don la mdi trudng ty nhien xung quanh, ma cdn cd mdt nhan td het siic quan frgng chi phdi sy tdn tai cua con ngudi, dd la ky thuat. The gidi duang dai da frd thanh mgt sieu may tinh to ldn, lam eho eon ngudi khdng chi sdng chung vdi
"cai may tinh do", ma cdn bat nd phai If thugc vao chinh minh. Vi vay, nhifm vu ciia triet hgc hifn dai la lam the nao de chdng lai sy "tha hda" ciia con ngudi frong the gidi mdi, ddng thdi bao ve con ngudi va xa hdi ciia nd nhu bao vf cac gia tri tmyen thdng. De lam duge dieu dd, triet hgc can phai the hifn fraeh nhifm cua nd khdng chi ve mat chan ly nhgn thiic, ma cdn ve kha nang xac djnh chien luge cho sy tdn tai xiing dang ciia con ngudi. Dudi tac ddng ciia cdng nghf hifn dai, chinh ban than con ngudi ciing bi bien ddi, keo theo sy biSn ddi ca y thiic, gia tii, y nghTa va ly tudng tiong cudc sdng. Sy bien ddi dd tiem an nguy ea dan den phi nhan van hda con ngudi. Trong bdi canh ciia cudc each mang cdng nghifp lan thii tu, khi pham gia con
ngucri dang bi de dga bdi nhiing biln ddi nhu mdt tit ylu thi ban than trilt hgc phai nd lye di tun khdng chi gian don sy hiiu biet ciia ca nhan vdn cd y nghTa ddi vdi mdt con ngudi cu the nao do, ma la tri thiic mang tinh loai, can eho sy sdng cdn va sy tdn tai xiing dang cua loai ngudi ndi chung.
Bang nhiing quan sat gian don, chung ta thay rat ro cdng nghe hien dgi da dem lgi cho con ngudi nhieu tien ich trong sinh hoat. Nd da lam thay ddi chat lugng cudc sdng theo hudng tich cue d mdt sd phuang difn, nhu ket ndi con ngudi vdi nhau khdng phy thugc vao khoang each fren frai dat nay, den nhirng viec phuc tap ban nhu ket ndi, dieu khien cac phuang tien sinh hoat eiing nhu san xuat tir xa, nang cao kha nang hoat dgng ciia robot de thay the con ngudi, dgc bift la d cac cdng vifc va mdi trudng dde hgi. Tuy nhien, ngoai nhiing tifn ich tich eye dd, cdng nghf thdng tin ciing dem lgi cho con ngudi nhieu bat cap, thgm chi la nhiing can bfnh tam ly xa hdi ma vifc eiiu ehiia rat khd khan. Chang han, sy thu hut ciia thyc tai ao ddi vdi con ngudi, nhat la fre em ludn nghien cac frd choi fren khdng gian mang, din den tinh frgng mac nhieu can benh thin kinh nguy hilm. Con ngudi bi thu hilt bdi eac thanh tyu cua cdng nghf hifn dai, mudn kham pha va hieu biet nhilu han ve cac iing dung mdi, dan tdi sao nhang viec tiep xiic, chia se vdi ngudi than trong gia dinh, xa hdi ve nhiing van dl thilt thyc. Dd ciing la mdt frong nhiing nguyen nhan gay ra tinh frgng vd cam cua con ngudi frong quan he ddi vdi ngudi than va nhiing ngudi xung quanh.
Nhiing cdng nghf mdi ngay cang anh hudng mgnh me tdi ddi sdng rieng tu cua con ngudi. Ai frong chiing ta ciing diu hiiu dieu rang, nhiing van de rieng tu ciia con ngudi het sue quan frgng, song khi thara nhgp vao mgng Intemet tW that khd tranh khdi sy bgc bach nhung dieu khdng dang tiet Id ve mmh cho ngudi la. Ngay ca nhung suy tu mang tinh chu quan, chua dugc kiem dinh mdt each chic chan ve cudc sdng, tu sinh hogt ddi thudng den eac van de chinh tri-xa hdi, eiing dugc timg len, tir dd thu hilt nhiing y kien ti^ chieu, keo theo ea lgi va hgi. Trong trudng hgp dd, cgng ddng mang tha siic tung hd hoac "nem da", lam cho cudc sdng cua chinh chu the "chia se"
gap khdng it phien phiic, tdi miic bi trim cam, tham chi cd ngudi da tim den ldi thoat tieu eye la ty tit. Sy mat kiem soat frong vifc chia se thdng tin ea nhan, ke ea nhung vifc kin dao, te nhi nhat la nguyen nhan lam cho ddi sdng ca nhan ludn bi mac ket frong bdi canh phat trien ciia eong nghf thdng tin.
Cach mgng cdng nghifp lan thit tu khdng chi cd ITnh vyc thdng tin va truyen thdng, cac ITnh vyc khac nhu cdng nghf sinh hgc va tri tuf nhan tao cung dang dat ra cho triet hgc nhiem vu quan frgng frong vifc xem xet lai khai nifm con ngudi, bdi le con ngudi tu chd sang tgo ra cdng nghf, tdi chd bi cudn hut vao nhitng thanh qua cua nd ngay mdt phong phii han, tinh vi hon. Ndi tdm lai, ddi sdng con ngudi hi ket frong each mang cdng nghe va de thoat ra khdi tinh frang dd, con ngudi phai suy nghT nhanh hon, hieu qua han, chat lugng cugc sdng phai tdt han. Triet hgc xa hdi frong trudng hgp nay rd rang phai thiet lap nen
mdt hf thdng cac quan dilm mang tinh toan cau vl dilu ma cdng nghe da, dang va se anh hudng din cudc sdng ciia ehiing ta fren mgi luih vyc. Cdng nghf du bat ky la loai hinh nao, suy cho cimg, deu la nhung ylu td ciu thanh tdn tai xa hgi, trudc het la cac dilu kien vat chit cua ddi sdng xa hgi va keo theo dd la anh hudng ciia nd den cac mdi quan he vat chat giiia ngudi vdi ngudi, giua eon ngudi vdi gidi ty nhien.
Chinh vi vay, khai niem then chdt ciia ddi sdng va y nghTa cua nd hoan toan mang tinh trilt hgc va xa hdi hgc, nhung d day nd dugc sit dung mdt each cy the han theo tinh than cua chu nghia cau tnic xa hgi hgc, chmh xac han la xa hgi hgc ddi sdng.
Xa hgi hgc ddi sdng la bg mdn khoa hgc xa hdi cd mdi quan hf mat thiet vdi triet hgc xa hgi. Do xa hgi hgc lien quan den viec nghien cuu khoa hgc ung dyng cua mdt chuyen nganh hep, cho nen dan den quan niem gian don ve sy ddng nhat giiia triet hgc vdi xa hdi hgc de khang dinh vai frd ciia chii nghia duy vat lich sit vdi tu each triet hgc xa hgi ciia chii nghia Mac cd the thay the hoan toan xa hgi hpc.
Mat khac, cung cd quan nifm coi triet hgc xa hgi vdi tu each phuang phap luan diing ngoai xa hgi hgc de phan bift vdi xa hgc nhu mgt td hgp cac tri thitc cu the ve xa hdi. Trilt hgc xa hdi la thugng ting phuang phap luan eua xa hdi hgc, cdn xa hdi hgc giir vi tri hai ting cdn lai la ting trung ve trinh dg ly luan va tang dudi niia la nhiing nghien ciiu khoa hgc iing dung vdi nhirng van de xa hdi hgc cu thi. Do dd, ddi vdi xa hgi hgc ddi song, y thiic xa hgi la y thirc ciia nhdm xa hgi va ca nhan
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dang hoat ddng hien tiiyc gdm td hgp cac tri thiic, thdng tin, nhu ciu, hanh vi, dinh hudng gia tri, lgi ieh ciing nhu eac yeu td kinh nghif m khac cua ddi sdng con ngudi.
Tdm lgi, trilt hgc xa hdi khdng the thay thi hay diing ngoai xa hdi hgc, dac biet la xa hgi hgc ddi sdng, ma phai cung cap cho chuyen nganh nay ca sd ly lugn va phuong phap lugn de ddi tugng hda y thiic xa hgi, bien nd thanh site manh hien thyc bing hoat ddng vat chat va tinh tiian ciia con ngudi. Dd eung chinh la vai frd ciia trilt hgc xa hdi dugc thye hien mdt each gian tiep frong viec vat chat hda y thiic xa hgi dl iing phd vdi nhiing thach thiic cua each mang cdng nghifp lan thii tu ddi vdi xa hgi, ma mgt frong nhung hinh thiic biln y thitc xa hdi tiianh site manh xa hgi la giao due.
C.Mae timg ndi: "Nhiing ngudi cdng nhSn tien tien nhdt ciing hoan toan nhgn thiic dugc rang tuong lai cua giai cap hg, va do dd, eua ca loai ngudi, hoan toan tiiy thude vao viee giao dye the he cdng nhan dang ldn len. Hg biet rang trudc het can phai bao vf fre em va thieu nien lao dgng khdi sy tac dgng cd tinh chat hiiy hoai cua che do hien nay. Chi cd the dgt dugc dieu ay bang each bien y thiic xa hdi thanh sue mgnh xa hgi va frong nhiing dieu kifn hifn nay thi dieu 3y ehi cd the dgt duge nhd cd eac luat phap chung do chinh quyen nha nude thi hanh' . Tdm lgi, triet hgc xa hgi la mgt chuyen nganh frong hf thdng triet hgc chung vdi ddi tugng dae thii la toan bg cac yeu td cau thanh nen ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than cua con ngudi ndi rieng, nhdm xa hdi va cgng ddng xa hdi ndi chung. Cae yeu td dd la nhiing bd phan ciia tdn tai xa hdi.
dugc y tinic xa hdi phan anh va tac ddng ngugc trd lai mdt each tich cue. Tuy frilt hgc xa hgi cd tien de quan frgng la chu nghia duy vgt lich sii, song nd Igi khdng hoan toan ddng nhat vdi tiln dl nay, ma dugc bd sung va tich hgp nhiing mat tich eye cua xa hdi hgc duy tam, thuylt quylt dinh dia ly, quyet dinh luan sinh hgc, tam ly hgc va chu nghia ky thuat. Sy tich hgp dd la hoan toan phii hgp vdi tam thi cua cae nha sang lap chu nghTa Mac khi xac nhan rang, hgc thuyet khoa hgc cua cac dng la mdt hf thdng md. Dieu dd hoan toan cd y nghTa ddi vdi trilt hgc xa hgi frong viec phan tu trudc anh hudng ciia cac cugc each mang cdng nghiep, dac biet la cugc each mgng cdng nghifp lan thit tu.
Sy phan tu ciia triet hgc xa hgi, theo chiing tdi, la mdt tat yeu nham khac phyc sy tha hda cua con ngudi dang dien ra do sy tac ddng ciia cdng nghf thdng tin. Con ngudi tir ehd sang tao ra cdng nghe tinh vi, vd hinh trung da frd thanh ngn nhan cua thyc tgi ao, ciia nhiing cudc chien franh tam ly - thdng tin dang tap trung vao ddi tugng la hoat ddng tinh than cua con ngudi va xa hdi. Vi vay, vifc nhan thitc vi the va vai frd cua tiiet hgc xa hdi thdng qua chitc nang the gidi quan va phuang phap luan, chirc nang nhan van va van hda phd quat cua nd cd y nghia ly luan va thyc tien quan frgng frong vifc bao dam an ninh nhgn thiic cua con ngudi va xa hdi frong bdi canh hifn nay. Dieu dd cung ddng nghTa vdi viec phat trien sang tao triet hgc ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin frong thdi dgi mdi. •
" C.Mac va Ph.Angghen {1994), Todn tdp, 1.16, Nxb Chinh tn Qu6c gia Sy that. Ha Npi, tr.262-263.
