Chuyen djch cd cau dau tu"
nganh kinh te tfnh Dong Thap
LE V A M TGAIH' T o m t a t
Bdi vii't sff dung sd lieu tff bdo cdo cda UBND ttnh Dong Thdp, Cue Thdng ke tinh Ddng Tlidp... nhdm ddnh gid tinh hinh chuyen dich cacdu ngdnh kinh ti'cua tinh Ddng Thdp trin cdc phuang dien, nhu: ca edu ddu tu, ca cdu kinh te; vd mffc do hieu qud trong viec sff dung vdn ddu tu. Tren ca sd do, nghien cffu de xudt mat sd'giai phdp nhdm ndng cao chdt luang chuyen dich ea cdu ngdnh kinh ti'cua ttnh Dong Thdp.
Tii k h d a : ca cdu ddu tu. ca cd'u kinh te, vdn ddu tu, tinh Ddng Thdp S u m m a r y
The paper collects data from reports of Dong Thap Provincial People's Committee, Dong Thap Statistical Office... to assess the restructuring of economic sectors in Dong Thap province in terms of investment structure, economic structure, and the level of efficiency in capital use. Afterwards, it proposes a number of solutions to improve the quality of restructuring of economic sectors in the province.
K e y w o r d s : investment structure, economic structure, investment capital, Dong Thap province
Giai THIEU
Vd'n d a u tff phat trien k h d n g chi g d p p h a n thuc d a y tang trffdng kinh te', cai thien thu n h a p binh q u a n d a u ngffdi, m a cdn gdp p h a n l a m c d cau kinh te' dich c h u y e n theo hffdng tich cffc hdn. Ke't q u a d a u tff s e g d p p h a n l a m gia tang c d sd vat chat cho cac n g a n h va sau d d s e cd tac d u n g lan toa a n h hffdng d d n cac n g a n h kinb te' cd lien q u a n trong n e n kinh te' ndi chung, tffng dia phffdng ndi rieng. V i vay, chuyen dich c d cau d a u tff t h e o n g a n h kinh t d ' c d vai trd vd eung q u a n trgng. T r o n g giai d o a n 2010-2018, m a c du c d c^'u d a u tff t h e o n g a n h kinh t e tinh D d n g T h a p cd nhieu chuyen bid'n tieh cffc, nhffng cijng cdn cd mdt so' h a n c h d can dffdc khac phuc trong thdi gian tdi.
BAMG 1: QGY MO VA Cd CAU VON DAU Tff THEO N G A N H KIMH TE TINH D 6 N Q THAP GIAI DOAN 2010-2018 Chl tigu
T^ng so' (Tv dong) Nona - lam - ihiiv san Cons nshiep - xav difiis ThiTtJiifi mai - dich vu Tvtrons(%) Nono, lam - ihiiv san C6na nahiep - xay dims ThfTdna mai - dich vu
2010 7.299 894.94 2 792.40 3 612,00 100 12.26 38.26 49.48
Binh quftn 2011-2015 9.748,82 912,05 1.692.29 7.144.48 100 9.36 17,36 73,28
2016 14.596 910.76 3.566.07 10.119,63 100 6,24 24,43 69,33
2017 lfi.671 995.15 3 637.41 12.038,18 IOO 5.97 21,82 72,21
2018 16.190 1 236.07 3 201,^5 11.752,65 100 7,63 19,77 72,60
BinhquSn 2016-2018 15.819.06 1 047.33 3 468.24 11 303,49 100 6,62 21.92 71.46
PHJONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU B a i vie't sff d u n g phffdng p h a p thu thap sd' l i e u thff c a p tff e a e b a o c a o c u a cac cd q u a n , nhff: U B N D tinh D d n g T h a p , Cue T h d n g k e tinh D o n g T h a p . . . B e n canh dd, n h d m tac g i a sff diang ke't h d p vdi cac phffdng p h a p tong h d p sd' b e u , phffdng p h a p s o s a n h , thd'ng k d m d ta d d dffa ra nhffng p h a n tich, d a n h g i a thffc tidn c h u y e n dich c d ca'u d a u tff n g a n h kinh te tinh D o n g T h a p
THL/C TRANG V e c d ca'u d ^ u tff
S d lieu B a n g 1 c h o t h a y , trong giai d o a n 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 8 , n g u o n v d n d a u tff tren dia_ b a n tinh D o n g T h a p cd sff chuyen bid'n m a n h m e v e g i a trj. D i e u n a y dffdc the h i d n t b d n g q u a tdng vd'n d a u tff phat trien k i n b t e c u a tinh D d n g T h a p Iudn t a n g q u a c a c n a m va t a n g n h i e u nhat trong giai d o a n 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 8 X e t v e tong sd v d n d a u tff binh q u a n , giai d o a n 2016- 2 0 1 8 ldn h d n giai d o a n 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 5
N g a n h n d n g ; J a m - thily s a n ' e d cd a Cue Thong ke tinh Dong Thap cSu dau tff thay doi nhicu
va c d ty trgng 'ThS., Trifdng Dai hgc Dong Thap
Ngdy nhdn bai: 03/04/2020: Ngdy pluin Inen- 10/04/2020, Ngdy duye ddng: 16/04/2020
126
BAMG 2: Q U Y MO V A CCJ CAG GRDP T I N H DONG T H A P GIAI D O A N 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 8 Chl tifiu/Nam
'd'ii .rl r.RnP
ThirtJnp raai - dich vu rw.fl:„mtDP Nonp - lam - thuv san Conp nshiep - xav diTng Thifdng mai - dich vu
DVT Ty dong
%
2010 31.101,3 12.436,6 5.159,7 13.505 100 39,99 16,59 43,42
2011 41.726,9
17.409 7.324 16.993,9 100 41,72 17,55 40.73
2012 43.891,1 16 649,9 8 173,6 19-067,6 100 37,93 18,62 43,45
2013 47.870,1 17.896.1 9.107,6 20,866.4 100 37,38 19,03 43,59
2014 51.631,0 19.515,3 10.219,7 21.896 100 37,8 19,79 42,41
2015 55.366,0 20.468,9 11.211,3 23.685,8 100 36,97 20,25 42.78
2016 59.857,4 21.436,7 11.925.4 26.495.3 100 35,81 19,92 44,27
2017 65.985,4 22.157,1 14 354 29.474.3
100 33,58 21,75 44,67
2018 72.872,2 24.444,7 16 015,1 32.412,4 100 33,54 21,98 44,48 N g u o n , Tinh toan c ua Cue Thong ke tmh D o n g Thap qua cac
giam ding ke, rtf 9,36% binh quan cua giai doan 2010-2015 xudng cdn 6,62%
cua giai doan 2016-2018. Nganh cdng nghidp - xay dffng ciing cd ty trgng giam.
D^ng chii y la ty trgng nganh thffdng mai dich vu tang manh qua cac nam cho thdy, nganh nay hidn dang dffdc ffu tidn phat tri^n, nhS't la d cac nam 2016, 2017 va nam 2018. _
Ve cd ca'u kinh td'
Thdi gian qua cd sff chuyin dich dung hiidng, giam ty trgng khu vffc ndng - ISm - thiy san va tang ty trgng khu vffc phi nong nghidp. Tuy nhidn, xet trong giai doan 2011-2015, sff chuyen dich nay cdn ch3m va chffa dat so vdi quy hoach va muc tieu ciia Nghi quyd't Dang bg Tinh. Khu vifc ndng - Iam - thuy san ed cdu cao hdn kd'hoach va cd cdu 2 khu vffc cdn lai tang chu'a dat ky vgng. Bffdc sang giai doan 2016-2018, khu vffc thffdng mai - dich vu CO sff chuyen bid'n tich cffc, ty trgng chie'm 44,48% trong nam 2018 so vdi nam 2015 la 42,78%; khu vffc cdng nghidp - xay difng chffa cd sff dot pha manh de nang cao vai tro bong nen kinh td Tinh (Bang 2).
Co the ndi, chuyen dich cd cau kinh td' cua tmh Dong Thap trong thdi gian qua d mffc cham va chffa dat kd't qua nhff mong mud'n. Nguyen nhan cd the do gia tri GRDP cua toan Tinh khdng dat nhff ky vpng, tang trffdng GRDP vSn 6 mffc thap va tang cham. Bdn canh dd, ty trgng vd'n dau tff phat trien toan Tinh cho cac nganh, nhff: ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep 3du cd xu hffdng giam gia tri vin tang qua cac nam.
Trong khu vffe ndng - lam - thuy sSn mac dii cac mat hang chu lffc (nudi trdng thijy san, canh tac lua va mau, cay an trai, hoa ki^ng) da bat dau di vao hffdng tang cffdng chat Iffdng va day manh thffdng mai hda ndng san, nhffng kdt qua chffa cao. Vide hinh thanh cac viing san xuat theo hffdng lien kdt, san xuat chat lffdng cao quy md cdn thap.
B A N G 3: C d CAG DAG T d V A ICOR THEO N G A N H K l t i H TE TINH D 6 N G T H A P G I A I D O A N 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 8
Cd cafu siu ttf theo nganh kinh t^ (%) Nong - lam - thuy san Cong nghiep - xiiy difng Thu'dng mai - dich vu ICOR (Ldn)
201O 12,26 38,26 49,48 1,8
Binh quftn 2011-2015 9,36 17,36 73,28 3,2
2016 6,24 24.43 69.33 3,7
2017 5.97 21,82 72,21 4,4
2018 7,63 19,77 72,60 3,2 N g u o n Tinh toan cua tac gia tLf so lieu cua Cue Thong ke tin
Dd'i vdi khu vffc cdng nghidp - xay dffng, do cac cd sd san xuat trong cac khu cum cdng nghidp hien nay da gia tang cdng sua't boat dOng td'i da; dong didi, nganh cdng nghiep cQng tid'p nhan them dau tff trong, ngoai Tinb va din tff trffc tidp nffdc ngoai (FDI) vao c^c khu cum cdng nghidp ddng bd vdi qua trinh khdi ddng. Tuy nhien, trdn thffc te', cac cd sd san xua't chffa cd sff gia tang ldn, quy md nhd, vide keu ggi dau tff vao cac khu, cum cdng nghidp gap nhieu khd khan. Tff nam 2010 ddn 2015, cd 6 nha dau tff FDI vdi tong sd vdn dang ky la 97,44 tridu USD, nhffng chi thffc hien 34,99 trieu USD, chi bang 35,9% vdn dang ky la vi du dien hinh.
Thffdng mai - dich vu dffdc ky vong cd sif phat trien tdt do xu hffdng Ud'p tuc dau tff nang cap xa^ dffng chd, sidu thi va trung tam thffdng mai, phat trien kinh te bien gidi, nhat la Tinh da thu hut nhieu nha dau tff phat trien he thd'ng sieu thi, trung tam thffdng mai. Tuy nhidn, de'n nay chffa cd bimg tam thffdng m^i nao dffdc hoan thanb va dffa vao boat ddng. Hdn thd nffa, cung vdi sff phat trien chSm cua khu vifc ndng - ISm - thuy san va khu vifc cdng nghiep - xay dffng cung lam keo theo cac hoat ddng thffdng mai - dich vii cua Tmh cung phat trien ch$m theo.
v l mu'c do hidu qua trong viec suf dung vdn d^u tif Sd lieu Bang 3 cho thay, ICOR tinh Dong Thdp lidn tuc tang trong giai doan 2010-2018 va d mffc kha cao.
Dilu nay cho thay, hieu qua diu tff d mffc tha'p va cd xu hffdng giam. Trong do, he sd ICOR nam 2017 cao nhat dat 4,4 cao gap 1,7 lan so vdi nam 2010, Nam 2010 v^ nam 2018 cd gia tri ICOR thdp nhat, phan anh hieu qua su" dung vdn dau tff cho tang trffdng kinh td cua tinh Dong Thap la kha cao.
Cd ca'u dau tff giai doan 2011-2015 dffdc xem la cd ca'u dau tff mang lai hieu qua su^ dung vd'n cao nhat, vdi 73,28% dd'i vdi nganh thffdng mai - dich vu; 17,36%
127
BANG 4: CO CAG VON DkU Td VA Cd CAU GRDP NGANH KINH TE Tir^H D 6 N G THAP GIAI DOAN 2010-2018
Nganh/Crfca'u(%)
Nong- lam - thtiy san Cong nghiSp - \ay difng Thu'Ong mai - dich vu
2010 Ctf ca'u aSuttf
12,26 38.26 49.48
Ctf cSfu GRDP
39,99 16,59 43,42
BQ 2011-2015 Ctf cd'u diu ttf
9,36 17,36 73,28
Ctf ca'u GRDP
38.23 19.14 42,63
BQ 2016-2018 Cd cS'u alu ttf 6,62 21,92 71,46
CdcSfu GRDP
34,24 21,28 44,48 Tinh (oan cuu lac gia tu' so lir^u cua Cue Thonq ki; cinh Dong Thap
dd'i vdi nganh cdng nghiep - xjiy dffng; 9,36% dd'i vdi nganh ndng - lam - thuy san. Vdi cd eau dau tff nay, nganh dffdc chu trgng dau tff la ndng - lam - thuy san.
Tuy nganh nay chffa dffdc d^u tff thda dang, ddng mffc, nhffng mffc ddng gdp cua nganh vao gia tri GRDP cua Tinh lai tffdng dd'i cao va hieu qua sff dung vd'n dau dffdc xem la cao nha't. Binh quan giai doan 2011-2015, dau tff nganh ndng - lam - thuy san chi chid'm 9,36%, nhffng lai ddng gdp vao GRDP cua tinh Dong Thap la 38,23%. Trong khi dd, dau tff vao nganh cdng nghidp - xay dffng chid'm 17,36%, nhffng cd mffc ddng gdp vao GRDP cua Tfnh la 19,14%; nganh thffdng mai - dich vu cd mffc ddng gdp la 42,63% mac du cd ty trgng dau tff cao 73,28% (Bang 4). Tffdng tff, nam 2018 mac dii chi chie'm ty trgng trong cd cdu dau tff la 6,62%, nhffng nganh ndng - ISm - thiiy san cd ddng gdp vao GRDP cua Tinh chie'm dd'n 34,24%. Trong khi dd, nganh thffdng mai - dich vu chi ddng gdp 44,48%, du chie'm ty trgng cdcau dau bJde'n 71,46%.
MOTSOGIAI PHAP
Mgt Id, hoan thidn va cdng bd cdng khai danh muc cac dff an kdu goi dau tff giai doan 2020-2025, dinh hffdng nam 2030 cua Tinh, dff bao dffdc cac phffdng ^n dau tff theo nganh, bnh vffc, ngudn vd'n dau tff... Trong dd, cSn tap trung vao cdng nghidp hd trd cung ffng va cac linh vffc, nhff: xSy dffng ke't cau ha tang thid't ydu, cac dff an san xuat cdng nghiep che'bid'n cd Idi thd', cac dff an ndng nghidp cdng nghd cao, cac dff an xff ly nffdc thai, chat thai...
Hai Id, tang cffdng hdn nffa cdng tac quan ly dau tff phat tridn trdn dia ban Tinh, dam bao dung theo cac van bdn quy dinh cua Nha nffdc va cac quy dinh cua Tinh. Da dang hda cac hinh thffc diu tff, cac hinh thffc tin dung brong huy ddng vd'n dan tff phat trien. Thanb ISp va kign toan cac quy tin dung nhan dan, quy diu tff phat trien cija Tinh, huy dgng vd'n kd't hdp phffdng thffc Nha nffde va Nhan dan cung l^m, iidp tac hinh thffc dd'i tac cdng - tff (PPP).
Ba Id, tid'p tuc cai thidn mdi trffdng d^u tff ngay eang td't hdn de duy tn vi tri ve chi so' Nang lffc canh tranh cap tinh, ma Ddng Thap la mdt trong nhffng tinh lien tuc nam trong nhdm cd thff hang cao. Do dd, can tid'p tiic cai thien mdi trffdng phap ly, chinh sach dau tff de thu hut cac ngudn vd'n ben ngoai; Cai tie'n thu tuc hanh chinh va nang cao nang Iffc thi hanb cdng vu cua can bd, cdng chffc.
Bdn Id, lam td't cac cdng tac quan ly dff an sau khi cap gia'y phep dau tff. Hd trd giai phdng mat bang trong trien khai thffc hien dff an.
Ndm la, khuye'n khich dau tff ffng dung, ddi mdi cdng nghe - ky thuat phii hdp, hieu qua vao san xuat cdng nghidp, nhdt Ih nganh cdng nghiep miii nhgn cua Tinh. Dau tff nang cao chat Iffdng ngudn lao ddng va phat huy ldi thd' cua cac cd sd dao tao trdn dia ban Tinh.
Sdu Id, tang cffdng dau tff phat trien hdn nffa cac nganh nghe, dich vu ndng thdn hffdng de'n phat trien hai hda, hd trd Ian nhau giffa cac ng^nb kinh td ndng nghidp va ndng thdn. Tang cffdng dau tff cho dich vu chuyen giao cdng nghd, khuyd'n ndng. Ngoai ra, can tang tinh lidn ke't gan bd ve quy^n ldi ngffdi dan vung nguyen lieu, hoan thidn cac mang Iffdi ban budn va ban le hang hda, dich VU...Q
TAI LIKU THAJVI KHAO _ _ _ 1. UBND tinh Dong Thap (2016). Bdo cdo phdt trien kinh te- xd hgi giai dogn 2011-2015 vd Ke hogch phdt trien kinh te- xa hgi 5 ndm (2016-2020)
2. UBND tinh Dong Thap (2019). Ket qua thuc hiin ki'hogch phdt tnen kinh te - .xd hdi ndm 2018 vd kehoach phdt trien kinh te - xd hgi ndm 2019
3. Cue Thdng ke tinh Dong Thap (2011-2019). Nien gidm Thdng ke fmh Ddng Than cdc nam tff 2010 den 2018. Nxb Thdng ke ^ ^ "-"^ "'^"'' "^
4. Tff Quang Phffdng, Pham Van Hung (2013). Gido trinh Kinh te'ddu tu, Nxb Dai hn^ l^inh t^
Qudc dan. Ha Ngi • ^ " " ^^
5. Nguyin Thi Minh (2009). Chuyen dich cd cdu va tang trffdng kinh td. Tap chi N^h-- -t, tiuh te cc,-\ ' ' gnien cUu 128
