Nghjgn cuu trao ddi
cho sinh vi§n trong thai dp, hanh dflng sudt qua trinh thyc tap.
Ban than sinh vifln can cd thai dfl nghiflm tffc vd nghd nghiep, efl mye tiflu dinh hudng rd rang eho tuang lai. The hien d thai dd vd hoc tap, kdt qua hpe tap va mong mudn dffdc tidp can cflng viec thffe td. Mudn lam dupc dieu nay, sinh vifln can:
+ Cd thai dd tich eye, cau thi trong hpc hdi, ham m l chuyfln mdn va nang cao kha nang nghd nghiflp.
+ Chju khd tim hieu, nang cao kha nang chuyen mfln va cac ky nang vd ngoai ngff, tin hpe, ky nang lam viec dfle lap hoac lam vifle nhflm.
+ Bidt nam bat, tan dyng ca hpi tff cac nha tuydn dung dd cfl nhffng trai i nghiem thue td, tich luy kinh nghiem tff khi eon ngdi trfln ghe nha tmdng.
Ve phia cdc nhd tuyen dgng Hifln nay, da sd cac nhd tuydn dyng ddu yflu cau ve mat kinh nghiem nghe nghiep ddi vd ffng vifln minh tuydn. Dieu , nay la ap luc Idn ddi vd ea nhan sinh vifln va nha tmdng. Bdi vay vd phia DN dd tuyen dung dupc dung ngud - dung vifle, ehflng tfli mong rang v d vai trd nha tuydn dyng, eae td ehffe - DN hay cho sinh vifln cd hfli dupc thd hien, dupe trai nghiflm. Ngay bat dau tff eae ky thffe tap dai, sinh vien da cfl thd tidp can vd cflng i viec thye td, va vap vd cac tinh hudng trong sinh hoat ehuyen mdn. Tham ehi ban than cae don vj vln ed the td ehffc cac budi tap huan hieu qua nham myc dich cho cac ffng vifln - sinh vifln Iflm quen va tim hidu thyc te mfli tmdng - van hda lam vifle tai dan vi dd sang Ipc lay nhffng ffng vifln phu hc^, vffa dam bao dupe nhu eau tuyen dung, vffa tao ed hdi eho sinh vien sau tdt nghiep D
Nghien ciiru cac nlian to tac flong Oen to cliiic he ttiong thong tin ke toan trong moi trirong ERP tai cac doanli ngliiep
LOGISTICS thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
' ^ msJa Duy Khdnh*
Nh§n: 06/5/2019 BiSn tap: 10/5/2019 Duy$t dang: 20/5/2019 ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)- he thong hoach dinh nguon nhSn itfc la mot giai phap quan trt hien dai. ERP rat sdm da trd thanh bieu tumg cOa mot thay doi mang tinh cAch mang trong phuang thiic van hanh cOa cdng ty. To chtic he thong thong tin ke toan tren moi tndtng ERP la mot chia khoa quan trgng de dam bao kha nSng t6n tai va canh tranh cua mot doanh nghiep, trong giai doan Cach mang Cdng nghi§p 4.0 hien nay Viec tnen khai he thong ERP la mot hoat dgng khong the thieu trong cugc dua Logistics Viet Nam tren thuang tnfdng quoc te. Bang phifcmg ph^p nghien cdu dinh tinh ket hgp v d dinh Itfong, muc dich cQa nghien ciiu nay la x^c dtnh mtic do tac dgng cOa cac nhan to den vi^c to chiic he thong thong tin ke toan (rong moi tnr^g ERP cua cac doanh nghidp Logistics tai TP.HCM, nham tim ra cau tra Idi cho nhung thach thiic cua moi tnrdng thay doi lien ttjc, dong th& cQng dua ra mot so ggi y chinh sach nham cd tf?e t6 chtic hieu qua he thong thong tin ke toan trong moi trucmg ERP ctia cac doanh nghiep Logistics tai TP.HCI^.
lis khda: ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning; he thong thong tin ke toan; logistics.
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1. Di tdi NCKH cdp ca sd (2017),
"Budc ddu khdo sdt, ddnh gid hieu qud chucfng irinh ihuc lap tdt nghiep Iheo hudng Idng cudng tbUc hdnh nghe nghiep cua smh vien chuyen ngdnh keiodn, Irudng dgi hoc Tdy Bac". D6 Thi Mmh Tdm.
Luong Thi Thiiy, Vu Thi Sen.
1. Dat van de
Theo tac gia Or Mahd Aljabaii, Mr Osama Abdullah Hassan, Prof. Dr Ismat Elkurdi (2011), cflng nghe thflng tin eiJng cfl tam anh hffdng rat Idi vd thanh cflng cua nganh Logistics. Trong nhffng nam trd lai dfly, nhieu tap doan van chuyen trfln the gid da sfl dyng ERP nhff Maersk Line (Dameo), DHL, Leschaeo. UPS supply chain... ddu da ffng dung thanh cflng he thdng ERP vao trong cflng tae quan ly cfla minh
Theo tae gia Nguyen Hffu Hoang Tho (2012), Ngyy Thj Hidn, Pham Qudc Taing (2013), trfln thd gid ed nhieu nghifln cffu vd thyc trang td ehffe hfl thdng thflng tin kd todn (HTTTKT) trong
mfli trudng ffng dung ERP, tuy nhien d Viet Nam cac nghifln effu nay cdn rat it dae biet la nhthig nghifln cffu tai cac doanh nghiep (DN) Logistics Thyc trang hifln nay cho thay, tai eae DN Logistics cua Viflt Nam ndi chung va efla TP.HCM ndi riflng, vifle td ehffc HTTTKT trong mfli tmdng ERP cdi nhieu bat cap, ehua mang lai hieu qua thue sy trong quan ly ke toan ndi riflng va quan ly DN ndi chung, Theo dd, viec td ehffc HTTTKT can phai bai ban va khoa hoc nham cung cap thflng tin kd toan mflt each nhanh chong, day du, kjp thd va khoa hpc de gdp phan nflng eao hiflu qua quan ly, tff dfl nflng cao hieu
*TrU&ng Dai hoc Van Lang
'%''
r/d ''Me /odn %' •'/{{(' id//ta}u/ 6V20/.9Ngliien cihi trao ddi
qua hoat ddng kinh doanh cho cac DN trong Ifnh vyc Logistics.
2.Ctf sd ly thuyet
Tong quan vdn de nghien cdu
Theo nghifln cffu vd mfli trffdng, Gelinas, U. J., JR & Dull, R. B., (2008) thi eon ngffd la nhan to hang dau anh hudng ddn hieu qua cfla chat lupng thflng tin kd loan. Vi vay, chinh sach nhan sy trong hfl thdng ERP phai can cff trfln chidn Iffpc phat tridn ERP va chinh sach nay cffe ky quan trpng trong vide tae dflng dang ke tdi chat lupng thflng tin kd toan. Chinh sach nhfln su dua vao muc tiflu kidm soat: phO hpp vd dinh hudng, dap ffng nhu cau eua hfli ddng quan trj va hoan thifln, duy tri ky nang cflng nghfl thflng tin (CNTT) dd dap ffng chidn lupc phat tridn ERRTheo Wang, E TG.&Chen, J..H.F, (2006), nha cung cap hfl thdng la mdt ydu td quan trpng trong vifle thidt lap va duy tri hfl thdng chat lupng. Theo dd, chuyfln gia gidi se giup cfle DN tang cudng vifle sfl dyng cac hfl thdng phffe tap nhff ERP vd dat dupe eae mye tiflu chidn lupc vd to ehffc cua hp. Cdn theo Princely Ifinedo, Nazmun Nahar (2006), trong mflt nghifln effu ve 7 trffdng hpp cfla cae cflng ty d Phan Lan vfl Estonia rang ngffd dung dupe hudng nhffng Idi fch tdt nhat tff he thdng ERP cfla hp khi hp dffpe hd trp bd eac chuyfln gia tff van hoac nha eung cap eo ky nang giao tidp va eung cap eae chuang trinh dao tao cfl chat luang.
Theo tac gia Nguyfln Bich Lien (2012), thfl nghiflm he thdng la hoat dpng chay thff, kiem tra he thong trffdc khi chap thuan sff dung ehinh thffe hfl thdng. Thfl nghiem la giai doan dau tien de sfl dung sd liflu thue tren phan mdm ERP. Ndu ngud si) dyng chua chap thuan he thdng thi chua dua vao sff dyng chinh thffc.
Nghien cffu efla Yosra Nouir and Sami Mensi (2013), nang lyc. cam kdt cua ban quan iy vfl kidn thffc cfla nha trien khai cd anh hffdng rdt Idn ddn to
Sd do 1: Khai quat ve he thong thong tin ke toan
(Ngudn: Nguyin Mgnh Todn vd cdng su, 2013)
Sd do 2: Quy trinh to chiiic he thdng thflng tin ke toan1. Phan tich 4. Van hanh
ehffe he thdng thflng tin eho mpt don vj vfl nhffng ydu td nay cd tae dflng dang kd ddn HTTTKT
Wang, E. T G. & Chen, J., H.F, (2006) cho rang, de dat dupc cac muc tieu de ra thi vifle tap hap nhffng chfnh sfleh, thfl tuc kiem soat dd dam bao yeu eau cua nha quan ly phai dupc thffc hien. Kiem soat dam bao hfl thdng ERP tin cay la xay dyng thfl tuc kilm soat ffng dung nhap iieu nhff ngudn dff lieu, kidm soat qua trinh nhap lieu gan kem vao phan mdm xff ly; kifl'm soat xff ly va kidm soat ket qua xff ly.
Princely Ifinedo, Nazmun Nahar (2006) xac djnh chat lupng he thdng la dae didm ky thuat efla hfl thdng thong tin. Theo dfl, he thdng ERP chat lupng bao gdm tinh linh hoat, de sff dyng, dp tin cay, thd gian phan hdi ngan vfl cae ehffc nang eu thd hffu ich. Tac gia eho rang cac dac tinh linh hoat, dfl sff dung, dfl hpc va hfli nhap de xac djnh chat Iffpng efla hfl thdng ERR
To chdc hi thong thdng tin ki' todn trong mdi trudng ERP
Khai niem HTTTKT HTTTKT la mflt hfl thdng dffpc thidt lap nhdm thu thap, luu trff, xff ly va cung cap thflng tin kd toan cho DN. Tff qufl trinh van hanh HTTTKT, nhflm tac gia Nguyen Manh Toan va cflng su (2013)
(Ngudn • Nguyin Bich Liin, 2012)
cho rang, cae HTTTKT ddu thufle loai he thdng md, efl mye dich, sfl dyng chu trinh IPO (Input - Processing - Output).HTTTKT efln \a mpt he thdng tich hpp tff cae ydu td lifln quan, phu hc^ de tao ra thdng tin kd toan chat lupng, vfl do la nhffng thanh phan vd phan mem, phan cffng, con ngudi, thfl tue, dff lieu va mang ludi truyen thdng (Azhar Susanto, 2013)(sodd1}.
To chiic HTUKT
Theo Nguydn Thj Bich Lifln (2012), td ehffc HTTTKT la mflt nhu cau khflng thd thidu d ^ vd cac DN, Td ehffe HTT- TKT da tdn tai tff lau va phat tridn vupt bae trong khi kdt hpp vd eong nghfl thdng tin eung vdi nhu eau thflng tin md, nhu eau cai thifln quy trinh kinh doanh, quy mfl DN md rpng tren the gid. Phat tridn theo chuan la su phat trien hfl thdng theo mpt quy trinh day dfl, Phat trien theo ehuan gdm bdn giai doan, bat dau tff phan tich, thiet kd, thye hien eho ddn khi van hanh he thdng, Mfl hinh phat tridn HTTTKT theo ehuan dupc thd hifln trong so dd 2,
Td ehffc HTTTKT trong cac DN la mpt chu trinh xuat phat tff y tffdng sau dd trd thanh hifln thye va di vao van hanh trong DN, Vifle td ehffe HTTTKT phai dat trong mdi quan hfl tdng the vd su tham gia cua nhieu dd tupng: ban
•ya/t r/if -'JU'/cdn ¥• .y/iem /cdn Ad'^tduM <i/>0J9
Ngliien ciiru trao ddi
lanh dao, ke loan, dfli phat tndn dy an, chuyfln gia phfln tich, nhffng ngud bfln ngoai nham muc tiflu phfl hc^ v d ke hoach chidn lupc dai han cua DN.
Su tac dong cOa ERP den to chiic HTTTKT
Theo tae gia Beveriey Jaekling and Gary Spraakman (2006) thi ERP co nhffng tac ddng ddn vifle td ehffc HTT- TKT nhu sau' lam thay ddi vd mat quy trinh nhu quy thu thap dff lieu, quy trinh xd ly dff liflu, quy trinh cung cap thflng tin va quy trinh kidm soat. Ngoai ra, ERP cfln lam thay ddi ve td ehffc bo may kd toan nhff ed cau nhan sy, each thffc lam vifle.
S.PhUdng phap nghien cffu va mo hinh nghidn cffff
3.1. PhUffng phdp nghiin cdu Nghien effu dffOc tidn hanh thflng qua 2 budc: (1) Budc 1: Nghifln effu djnh tinh bang xay dffng phat tndn hfl thdng khfli niflm/thang do va cae bidn quan sat va hiflu chfnh bien quan sat phff hpp vd thyc td; (2) Bude 2: Nghifln cffu djnh lupng: Sff dung hfl sd tin cay Cronbach Alpha d l kilm djnh mffc dp chat che mfl eac mye hdi trong thang do tffdng quan vd nhau; Phan tich nhan td kham pha (EFA) dupe sfl dyng dd kiem dinh cac nhan td anh hudng va nhan dien cac ydu td dupc cho la phu hpp; ddng thd sff dung phan tich hoi quy tuyen tinh da bidn xae djnh cac nhan tdva mdc dp tfle dflng cfla tffng nhan to thupc mfli tmdng ERP ddn vifle td ehffc HTTTKT cfla cac DN Logistics tai TPHCM.
Thflng qua lupc khao cac tai lieu nghifln effu va tham van chuyfln gia, bfln canh dd, tac gia nghien cffu sff dung phuong phap thao luan nhom de xae djnh eo 6 nhan td thupc mfli tmdng ERP v d 36 bidn quan sflt dupe cho la cd tae dpng den viec td ehffe HTTTKT efla eac DN Logistics tai TPHCM.
3.2. Du lieu vd phuong phdp thu thdp dd lieu
D l phuc vy nghifln cffu, tfle gia tidn hanh phdng van chuyfln gia gom nhffng
Sd dd 3: Mo hinh nghien cffu
Chinh sach nhan suva quan lythOngBnca nhan
Kmh nghiem. phucmg phap c^a nha tuvan tnIn khai va chat lugng dff lieu
Thif nghiem he thong ERP va huan luyen nhan
Tochilt HTTTKT trong moi tnfcmgERP cOa cac DN Logistics tai TP.HCM
Nang luc, cam kdt cda ban quan ly vA kign thiiic cua nhd lUvSnlriln khai
Ki^msodtdlmb^he th6ng ERP bn <Ay
Chat luong phdn mSm ERP
(Ngudn: Tdc gid dixudt) Bang 1: Ket qua phan tich chat Iffdng thang do bang he so Cronbach Alpha
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Nhom bien Chinh sach nhan sir vS quan ly thong tin cS nhfln Kmh nghiSm, phuong phap cjja nhS tu van triln khai ThCr nghiem he thSng ERP va huan luyen nhSn vi6n Nang lire, cam ket cJja ban quan ly va kien thCfc cua nhS tuvan triln khai
Kilm soat dam bao h6 th6ng ERP tin cay Chat luong ph^n m6m ERP
To chirc HTTTKT trong mfli trucmg ERP cua cac DN logistics tai TP HCIVl
So bi^n quan sM
6 6 6 6 6 6 3
Cronbach Alpha 0 914 0 862 0,900 0.856 0.861 0.843 0.757
nha quan ly vfl nghifln effu am hidu trong ITnh vuc td ehffe HTTTKT trong mfli tmdng ERP nham xay dffng eac thang do cho tffng bidn dfle lap va bidn phu thuoc trong mfl hinh nghifln effu vfl dff lieu sd cap nham kifl'm dinh mfl hinh nghifln cffu.
Dff lieu Sd cap dffpc thu thap thflng qua phffdng phap sffu tam tai lieu, phuang phap phong van tn/e tidp kdt hop vdi phuong phap tra Idi bang eau hoi qua Google Document cua eae ddi tuong la kd toan tmdng, kd toan vifln, kiem toan, eae nhan vifln cua phdng ban trong cac DN Logistics tai TRHCM.
Npi dung efle eau hdi la eae bifl'n quan sat do lucmg mffe dp tae dpng cfla cac nhan tdddn vifle danh gia thanh tuu efla sinh vifln tai cac tmdng va sfl dyng
(Ngudn: Phdn tich dU lieu cda tdc gid) thang do 5 Likert eho toan bfl bang hdi:
1 - Hoan toan ddng y, 2 - Khflng ddng y, 3 -- Binh thudng, 4 - Ddng y, 5 - Hoan tofln ddng y.
Oe sff dung kiem dinh EFA, kidi thffdc miu phai Idn. Theo Tabaehnick va cflng su (1996) thi quy mfl mlu cd the xfle dinh theo cflng thffc: n >= 50 + 8.k, vdi k la sd bidn dpc lap efla md hinh.
Trong nghifln effu nfly, sd luang bidn dfle lap dua vao phan tich la 6 viS 36 bien quan sat. Nhu vay cd mlu tdi thilu phai la n = 50 + 8'6 = 96. Tac gia da phat ra 180 bang cau hdi khao sat thdi gian, tff thang 07/2017 ddn thang 1/2018. Kdt qua nhan dupe 152 phidu khao sat (120 phieu trfln Google Document, edn lai la 32 phidu dupc khao sat tmc tidp), trong dfl cd 37 phidu
•'//i/f r/tf 'Ji^, /fidn ''d 'MiSm, /odn, Ac //tdn^a 6/20J9
Nghien cihi trao doi
bj loai do khflng hpp le. Do do, sd lupng quan sat cdn iai de dua vao phan tich la 115 phidu.
3.3. Md hinh nghien cdu, gid thuyet nghien cdu vd phuong trinh hdi quy
Md hinh nghien ciiu
Thflng qua eae bude nghifln cflu nhu tim hilu eae cflng trinh nghifln cflxj tmdc cd lifln quan, phdng van ehuydn gia va thao luan nhom, tae gia xae djnh dupe 6 nhan td thupe mdi tmdng ERP vdi 36 bidn quan sat tdc dflng ddn vifle td ehffc HTTTKT trong mfli trudng ERP cfla cae DN Logistics tai TPHCM, do vay mfl hinh nghifln cfl^j dupc de xuat nhff so dd 3, trang 84.
Phuang trinh hoi quy Tac gia xfly dffng phuong trinh hdi quy dd kilm djnh tac dflng cua cac nhan td thufle mfli trudng ERP anh hffdng ddn bidn phy thudc cfla mfl hinh la: (TTKT) Td ehffc HTTTKT trong mfli tmdng ERP cfla cde DN Logistics tai TPHCM.
Md hinh hdi quy:
nKTj= ao +PiCSNSj +^2^^^\
tpsTNHTj + P4CKQLJ + PsKSDB, + pgCLPMj + 5
Trong dfl:
- TTKT Bidn phy thufle mfl ta vifle Td ehffe HTTTKT trong mfli trudng ERP cfla cac DN Logistics tai TPHCM;
- CSNS: Chinh sflch nhfln su va quan ly thflng tin ca nhfln;
- TKTV: Kinh nghiflm, phuong phap cfla nha tu van tridn khai va chat lucmg dff liflu;
- TNHT Thff nghiem he thdng ERP va huan luyfln nhfln vien;
- CKQL: Nang luc, cam kdt cfla ban quan ly va kidn thffc cua nha tu van triln khai;
- KSDB: Kilm soat dam bao hfl thdng ERP tin cSy;
- CLPM: Chat lupng phan mem ERP;
- a g : Hfl sdchan;
- p.|, p2p Pa- ^^^ h^ ®^ '^^' "^"y- - 5: Dd sai Iflch chuan
Bang 2: He sd KMO va kiem dmh Bariett
Kiem tra KMO and Bartlett's H6 sfi KMO {Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin]
MO hinh kilm tra cCia Bartlett Gia tn Chi-Square Bactudo Sia (aii^ In P valuRl
0.648 88 837 3 0.000 BSng 3: PhUtfng sai t n c h bien phu thuoc
Nhan to
1 2
Gia trj Eigenvalues
Tong
2.021 .614
PhiARig sai trich
%
67.363 20 474
Tich luy phuung
%
67 363 87 837
Chi so sau khi trich
T^ng
2.021 Phuwig sai trich
%
67 363 Tich luy phuong sal trich
%
67 363
Bang4: H§ s5 KMO va Kiem djnh Bariett Kiem tra KMO and Bartlett's He s6 KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin)
MO hinh kilm tra cua Bartlett Gia tri Chi-Square BSc tu do Sig (gia trj P value]
0.707 2851.314 435 0.000 Bang 5: Bang phutfng sai trich
Nhan i6
1 2 3 4 5 6
Gia trj Eigenvalues
. .
7 143 4 710 3 788 2,223 1 729 1693
PhiAfng sai trtch
%
23 810 15.699 12,628 7.409 5 763 5 643
Tlchluy phuong sai
trich % 23.810 39.509 52,137 59 546 65,309 70 952
Ch? so sau khi trich
* ,
7143 4.710 3,788 2 223 1,729 1693
PhiWng sai (rich %
23.810 15,699 12 628 7.409 5,763 5.643
Tich IQy phiAfng sai
trich % 23.810 39,509 52137 59,546 65.309 70 952
ChisDsau khi xoay
T6ng
4,541 3 824 3 442 3 343 3163 2,973
PhuUng sa trich % 15136 12.747 11,472 11 144 10 543 9 909
Tich lOy phuung sai
trich % 15 136 27 884 39 356 50 500 61043 70.952
3.4. PhUffng phdp xd ly dd lieu
Can eff sd lieu khao sat, bai vidt sfl dyng phan mem SPSS Statistics 22.0 d l phan tich dp tin cay cua cac nhfln td cung nhu eae tiflu chi do Iffdng nhan td.Ddng thdi, ap dyng phuong phap thdng kfl de tdng hpp, so sanh nhSm lupng hfla mde dp anh hudng cfla cae nhfln td
(Ngudn: Phdn lich dU lieu cua tdc gid)
thufle mfli trudng ERP tac dflng den viec td ehffc HTTTKT cfla cae DN Logistics tai TPHCM4. Ket quS nghign ci}u va thao luan
Kiem dinh chdt lugng thang do
Qua kdt qua kilm dinh chat Iffpng thang do d Bang 1, trang 84 ta thay hefTt^i r/d fJ{4'/^dn W ^y/iSm /odn Ao'//tdna 6/2049 E
Nghien cihi trao doi
sd Cronbachs Alpha cua tong t h i ddu Idn hdn 0.6. Nhff vay, he thdng thang do dffpe xay dung gdm 8 thang do dam bao chat lupng tdt vdi 39 bidn quan sat dae trung.
Phdn tich nhdn td khdm phd
Phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA b/dn phu thugcKdt qua kiem djnh Bartlett's B^ng 2, trang 85 cho thdy giffa cac bidn trong tdng thd efl mdi tuong quan vdi nhau (sig = 0.000<0.05). Ddng thdi, hfl sd KMO = 0.648 Idn hdn 0,5 (> 0.5), chdng to phan tich nhan td de nhflm cac bidn lai vdi nhau la thich hpp va dd lieu phfl h ^ cho viec phan tich. Mat khae, kdt qua d bang 3, trang 85 cho thay vdi phuong phap rut trieh Principal compo- nents va phep quay Varimax, cd 1 ydu td dupe rflt trieh ra tff eae bidn quan sat.
Phuong sai trich la 67,363% > 50% la dat yflu cau.
Ta cd KMO = 0,707 thda didu kien 0.5 <= KMO <= 1 nfln phfln tich nhan td dupe chap nhan vdi dff liflu nghifln effu.
Sig Barletts Test = 0.000 < 0,05 cho thay kiem dinh Bartlett cd y nghTa thdng kfl, chffng td cac bidn quan sat cd tuong quan vdi nhau trong nhan td (bang 4, trang 85).
Td kdt qua bang sd liflu bang 5, trang 85 sau khi chay Fixed number of factors ta thay phuong sai trich la 70.952% > 50% dat yflu cau. Vdi phffdng phap rut trich Principal compo- nents va phflp quay Varimax, eo 6 ydu td dupc rfft trieh ra tff 33 bidn quan sat.
Dieu nay cung cd nghTa, 5 ydu td rut tn'ch ra the hifln kh^ nang giai thich dffdc 70.952% Sff thay ddi efla bidn phy thudc trong tdng thd.
Ki/m dinh md hinh hdi quy tuyen tinh da bien
Nghifln cffu thffe hifln chay hdi quy tuydn tinh da bidn vdi phffdng phap dua vao mflt Iffpt (phuong phap Enter), ta cd:
Trong bang sd lieu 6 khi xet tgigj va ta/2 cfla cac bien de do do tin cay thi cac bidn dfle lap CSNS, TVTK, KSDB,
Bang 6: Thong so thdng ke trong mo hinh hoi qui bang phffdng phap Enter
Mo hinh
(Constant) CSNS TVTK KSDB CKQL TNHT CLPHfl
He sochu^ chu^n hoa B 3.245E-17
139 844 .197 156 106 .192
Sals^
chu^n ,038 038 .038 ,036 ,038 ,038 038
He so chu^n h6a Beta
139 844 ,197 156 106 192
t
.000 3.652 22,161 5.160 4 089 2 787 5051
Sig.
1,000 ,000 000 .000 .000 .006 .000
Thfing ke da cong tuyen He so Tolerance
1.000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
He so VIF
1000 1000 1000 1.000 1000 1000 Bi^n phu Biuflc (Y)
Bang 7: Mffc dd phii bap cua md hinh
Md hinh
1 He so
R
918=
He SO R^
843 H e s o R ^ - hieu chinh
.835 Sais£
chuIn cOa u^c li/dng
,40674288
Thong ke thay do!
HesoR^
sau khi sSi
843 H € s £ F
khi 66\
96845 Bac
til*
d o i 6
Bac l i / d o 2 103
H§s^
Durbm- Watson
1.892 a Bien dSc lap' (Constant) CSNS, TVTK, KSDB, CKQL, TNHT, CLPM
b Bien phu thufle- HTTTKT
(Ngudn: Phdn tich ddlieu cua tdc gid)
Bang 8: Mffc do tac dong cua cac bien doc lap anh hifdng den bidn pfiu thuocBien doc lap
Kinh nghiem, phuong phlip nh^ lu v^n XnSn khai & chSl lucmg do lieu TVTK
Ki^m soat dam ban hg th^ng ERP tin cay KSDB Chat luong phan m4m ERP CLPM
Nang lire Ban quan 1^ va ki^n IhLTc nhS tii van tn^n khai CKQL Chinh sach nhan su va quan \'f thOng tin cS nhan CSNS ThCr nghiem va huan luyBn nhan vi6n TNHT
GlStrihSs^Beta chuan hda
0844 0.197 0192 0156 0 139 0,106
TJ trong 51 65%
12.05%
1175%
9 55%
8 50%
6 50%
CKQL, TNHT CLPM ddu dat yflu cau va quan la 0.918 > 0.5. Do vay, day la mfl cac gia tri Sig. the hifln do tin cay l(ha hinh thieh hop de siJ dung danh gia mdi cao, deii< 0.05. Ngoai ra, he sd VIF ei!ia quan he giffa bien phu thuoc vfl cae eac he sd Beta d^u nhd hon 10 va hfl sd bi^n doe lap.
Tolerance deu >0.5 eho thay khong eo Ngoai ra, he sd xae djnh eua md hifln tircmg da eong tuyen xay ra. hinh hdi quy R2 hiflu chinh la 0.835.
Ddnh gid mdc do phd hap cua NghTa la, mo hinh hoi quy tuyen tfnh da md hinh hdi quy tuyen tinh da bien xfly dong phCi hop vdi dff liflu 83.5%.
Bang 7 eho thay, gia tn hfl sd tffdng Oi^u nay cho bigt khoang 83.5%. sd
x// r/d t'J(S'(odn 't- ''/(idnt /odn Ad //idna 6V20f9
Ngtijin cihi trao floi
bi^n thifln vg dmh hudng T 6 ehffc HTT- TKT trong mfli tn/dng ERP eOa cae DN Logistics tai TRHCM, eae phan efln lai la do sai sdt cOa cac y€u td khac. Ki^m dinh Durbin Watson = 1.892 trong khoang 1< D < 3 nfln khflng cfl hifln tugng tu tffdng quan e^a efle phan dff.
Phuong trinh hdi quy
H K T = 0.844*TVTK + 0.139*CSNS + 0.197*KSBB + 0.192* CLPM + 0.156*CKQL+0.106" TNHTS.Ket luan v^ hkm y chinh sdch
S.l.Ket ludn
Nhu vay, k^t qua sau khi nghifln cffu eac nhan tdtae dong d^n djnh hffdng to ehffe HTTTKT trong mfli tnidng ERP efla cac DN Logistics tai TP.HCM, eho ta thay mffe do tac ddng cua cac bien dfle lap anh hudng d^n biln phu thudc trong mo hinh theo thff tff tff cao den thap nhiT bang 8.
5.2. Hdm ^ chinh sdch
Ddi vdi kinh nghiflm, phffcmg phap cOa nha tff v^n trien khai va chat lirong do lieu: Thj trudng ERP hifln nay rat da dang v6 giai phap va c6 sir tham gia eua nhieu nha cung cap trong va ngoai nirdc. DN ean xac dinh cac nhd tff van, tridn khai phu hdp tiflu ehuan. Nhieu DN dffa chi phi lam tiflu chi hang dau de chon nha tff van tridn khai nhung thire 16 va ly thuyet deu khang djnh kinh nghiem va hidu bidt cfla nha tff van mdi la yeu to can ffu tifln.Ddi vdi kidm soat dSm bao he thdng ERP tin eay: Nham dam b^o hfl thdng ERP tin cay, DN can xSy dung va kiem soat cac muc tiflu cu the nhff sau' ehinh sfleh, thu tuc an ninh nham kidm soat va duy tri an ninh hfl th6ng ERP; lap dff phflng va bSo ve dff lieu; duy tri cap nhat va kidm tra hfl thdng thudng xuyen dd dam bao thudng xuyfln vfl on dinh cfla he thong, nham giam thidu vifle ngung hoat dflng ei!ia hfl thfing vfl can efl hfl so an ninh: kidm tra sd Iffdng ngudi truy cap, danh gia, giam sat mffc dd riii ro.
Ddi vdi chat Iffdng phan mem ERP:
DN can li/a chon phan m^m ERP dap ffng yflu cau xfl-1^ kinh doanh, eung cap thflng tin va dam bao qua trinh nhap lieu. Ddng thdi, DN cung yflu cau he thdng dat dupe nhijng tiflu chuan ve he thong ffng dung va tich hgp nham dap ffng yflu cau kinh doanh va quy trinh, mue tiflu ban dau xay dffng khi lya chgn phan mIm.
Doi vdi nang Iffc, earn ket ei!ia ban quan I]? va kidn thffe ei!ia nhfl tu van tndn khai: DN can chfl y kidm soat cac ke hoaeh ma ban quan ly da xay dung nham han chg tdi da ban quan ly khflng dfl nang lyc va y thffe v l trach nhiflm va hanh ddng cua minh. Ddi vCA kien thffe cfla nha tu van triln khai, DN can tim hieu cac nha tu v^n kinh nghiflm ve eong nghfl thdng tin va am hieu sau ddi vdi hoat dflng kinh doanh efla DN.
Ddi vdi chinh sach nhan sy va quan ly thflng tin ea nhan: Chiing ta can xay dyng mflt quy trinh ro rang vd chinh saeh nhan sy dua trfln chidn luge va (^nh hudng phat tridn ERP, day chinh la nen tang de co mflt mfli tn/dng kidm soat tdt eho chfnh saeh nhan su va quan ly thflng tin ea nhfln nhu xfle djnh ro ngudn nhfln lyc; xfly dyng cd cau td ehffc rd rdng, phan chia trach nhiflm ddi vdi tffng vj tri; xfly dyng quy trinh tuyen dyng, huan luyen, dflo tao nhan vifln phu hop vdi nhu cau can dung eua don vj; xay dung quy chd khen thudng, k j luat vfl danh gia thye hifln cflng vifle efla nhan vifln mflt each thudng xuyfln, ddng Ihdi tao mfli trudng hdp tae, chia se trong cdng vifle.
Doi vdi thff nghiflm hfl thdng ERP va huan luyfln nhfln vifln: Tn/de khi chfnh thffe dua vflo hoat ddng, DN phai thong qua hoat dflng ehay thff vfl duoc chap thuan trude khi sff dyng chinh thffc, DN can xfly dyng thiet kd kidm soat thff nghiflm he thong. Quy dinh ro rflng, ehi tiet tren eac hd so lifln quan nhu ke hoach thff nghiflm he thdng va danh gia,
phan tfeh va de nghj kdt qua thff nghiem hfl thdng. Ndu ngffdi sff dung chffa chap thuan he thdng thi ehua dua vao sff dung ehinh thUc.D
Tdi lieu tham khdo
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8 Tabaehnick. B.G., &Fidell. L.S. (1996), Using multivariate statistics (an ban lan 3), New Vorit, My* HarperCollins.
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