. ; UUNIJ N t j H t i l N H nVL, I UAN UUUU 2013
DANH GIA HIEU QUA COA THIJC AN CO B6 SUNG ENZYME TRONG NU6I CA T A M {Acipenser baeri) GIAI DOAN THU'ONG P H A M
Nguyin Thj Trang\ Tran Dinh L u i n ' , Do Mini Quynh'
^Vi$n NghiSn aju Nudi trong ThOy sin 1 'CvcThuY
'Tn/dng D^i hgc Ndng nghiip Hi Ndi TOM T A T
C4 tim la mdt trong s l it cdc loai c4 nu6i c6 gia tii trong moi tnrdng mnSc l^nh tai Vi^ Nam. TTiii n^iifm nuoi ca tim tii co 169g/con lot 360 g/con trong 90 ngdy nhim dinh gia hieu qua cua thiic an cd bl sung enzyme l&a ting tnrdng cua ca tim. Thi nghi^m^sii dyng 02 lop thuc an khac nhau: mgt cong thuc thiic 9n khfing bl sung enzyme (CTTAI) vd mgt cong thiic thdc an c6 b l sung hon hgp 3 enzyme (CTTA2) vdi lugng nhu sau: 6nj amytase/lgain dioc in; 2IU phytase/lgam thiic an v4 2 lU protease/lgam thfirc an. Ket qui nghien ciiu cho thiy, ca su dyng thiic in thi n ^ & n cho ty Ig song cao, dat G^n 97%. T6c dg tang trudng binh qudn n g ^ (ADCyconAigay) ciia CTTAI Id 2,02 g/con/ng4y, CTTA2 l i 2,2 g/cra/ngiy va c6 sif sai khac giiia cac nghigm thuc (P<0,05).
H? s l chuyen doi thiic in (FCR) tii 1,29-144 vi co sy sai khac giua cac n ^ e m thiic(P<0,05). Ket (pii buoc diu cho diiy thuc in co II bo song h9a hpp enzyme cho higu qui t6t hon so vdi thuc an kli&ig bfl sung enzyme trong nuoi ci tiin giai do^n thuong ptiim.
Tir khoa • enzyme amylase, enzyme protease, enzyme [Aytase, ci tim Acipenser barei.
DATVAND£
Cd tSm Siberian (Acipenser barei) \i lodi d nu6i trong m6i tnj&ng ntrdc lanh vS d ga tn dinh duwng cao. Ti> nam 2005, d lam Siberian du-g-c nhgp vh Vi^t Nam vi d^n nay dfii ti/png d y da du^c nudi ph6 bien tgi d c vOng nu6i ca nirdc Ignh b^ng d ni«i^. Tuy nhifin, thirc in cho d tSm Igi chfl y&j dif^c nhgp khiu Kr cac nirdpc nhif: Ph4n Lan, Due, Tmng Qu6c...vi5i d i phf cao vi khOng d sSn n6n thirtrng khong chii d^ng dir^rc ngu6n thi>c 3n d o d tSm. Nght§n cuu d n xuit thi>c 3n cho d t^m tgi Vi^t Nam \i v i ^ ldm d n thiet giup n g u ^ nufii chd d$ng dir^c thirc in vi md rdng san XU4L
Enzyme \i hogt chSt sinh hpc xiic tic qud binh chuyfin hda cdc chfit dinh dirong biang ca thh dOng v|L Nht6u nghifin cinj da tien hdnh bd sung cdc enzyme vao trong co the v$t nufii thdng qua vi$c phfii b ^ vdo trong thi>c dn. Bd sung enzyme trong san xudt thi>c an cho thuy d n ndi chung vd d t^m ndi nfing nhim tdng cu-dng kha ndng tifiu hda, gidm thilu d nhiim mfii tardng, nfing cao sijc khde v$t nudi vd d n g cao hi$u qud kinh t l ctio ngudi nudi dang Id hudng di thid hg'p. d Vifit Nam, hi$n d u a d cdng bo ndo v l vific bfi sung enzyme trong d n xuSt thi>c an cho d t ^ . Chinh vi vgy, nghien ci>u ndy nhdm myc dich danh gia hi$u qud ciia vific b& sung enzyme amylase, protease va phytase vdo thuc dn khi nudi d tlm Siberia giai dogn thuong pham, nd la ca sd cho vific i>ng dgng enzyme vdo sdn xuat thi>c dn cho d t l m ndi rifing cung nhu mfit sfi dfii tuyng d nutrc ignh khdc dir^c nudi tgi Vift Nam.
VAT Ll^U VA PHirCNG P H A P N G H I £ N CCfU Vgt li$u nghiin ciru
Cd Ihl nghifim: 600 con d tlm Sibenan cd nguon goc tir Nga, khfii lucmg trung binh 169 g/con. Cd duvc nufii tgi Cfing ty Cfi phdn Hg'p Lt/c, Bdn Khoang, Sapa. LdoCal tir thdng 9 den ttidng 12 nam 2011.
l\\irc in thi nghi#m: Si> dgng 02 logi thirc dn khdc nhau Id thirc dn h/ d n xuat khdng b l sung en^me (CT1) vd thuc an bf d n xuit d b6 sung 3 logi enzyme (amylase, protease va phytase) (CT2). Thuc an diroc d n xuit tgi Vt^ Nghidn ciru Nufii tring Thuy san 1. Thanh phan nguyen li§u phoi trdn bong cdng thirc thi>c dn bao gom ; Bpt d , tipt huyeL bpt thjt xuofng, d i u d , khd d l tuong, bfit mj...va d c vitamin, khdng. enzyme. Ty le sir dyng cdc nguyen lieu bwig vi^c xdy di/ng cdng thirc thijt: dn dugrc dga theo NRC (1993) vd d c nghien ciru tnrdc dd Thanh phin dinh dudng cua cac cdng thi>c thirc dn dua vdo thi nghiem dirge trinh d y trong Bang 1.
Bing 1: Thinh phin dinh duong OiCrc i n thi n g h i ^ Thinh p h i n dinh duong
V§tchStkh6(%) Protein thd (%) Lipid thfl (%) T r o ( * ) Xo'lhfl(%) Ning lirgng (MJ/kg) Enzyme amylase (Ul/kg TA) Enzyme protease (Ul/kg TA) Enzyme phytase (Ul/kg TA)
CT1 7,92 42,34 16,5 14,12 1,83 19.24 200 0
CT2 8.12 41,76 16,32 13,94 1.79 19,17 6530 2000 2000
GNchi: Cac chi tigu v^t chat khfl, protein tho, lipkl ttiO. xo tho du-gc ptian tkii tgi Vien Nghi§n cuu Nun trdng Thuy san 1. hogt krc cua enzyme dupe phin tich tgi \fi§n Cflng nghi§p Thirc phim.
Thuc dn CT2 dugc b l sung enzyme vdi lieu lirgmg ly thuyet Id 61U amylase/g thuc dn; 21U protease/g thuc dn; 2IU phytase/g thi>c dn. Vi§c b6 sung logi enzyme vd hdm lugrng enzyme tren kg thuc an dug'C dua tren cdc nghien cuu cda
HOI NGH! KHOA HOC CCtHG NGHE SINH HQ*' tr<%•^•^.^w^
Maugle & cs. (1983), Fum§ & cs. (2005) va Sugiura & cs. (2001). K i t aud phdn tich cho thay ttiirc an CT1 tuy khdng b6 sung amylase nhung vln d hogt tinh enzyme ndy la do trong mfit so nguydn li^u nhu tifit mjr, ggo tlm d clM>a s&i enzyme amylase.
Phuong phdp nghien cuu
Bo tri thf nghigm: Cd thi nghigm dirge nudi trong d c be xi mang vdi kfch thirdc 3x2,5x1 m/fi thi nghidm, m^t dfi ttid 100 con/ d. Thi nghi$m dugc bfi bl hodn todn nglu nhifin vdi 3 l l n l$p cho m i i cdng thdc. Thcri gian nudi 90 ngdy, ti> thdng g d i n ttidng 12/2011.
Chdm sdc vd qudn 1]^: Ngdy cho cd dn 4 lan vao luc 8h, 12h, 17hvd23h. Cho dn 1-2,5% khli lugng co thi/ngdy, quan sdt d an vd lugng thuc dn thira d day b l d l dieu chtnh lugng thuc dn cho phii hgp. Cdc b l thi nghigm dirge cap nu6c chdy trdn lidn tgc vd dugc }d phong day hang ngdy de logi bd thdc dn thCra vd d n bin. Cdc yeu to mfii tnrdng nhir oxy hoa tan, nhifit dfi nude, pH dugc theo ddi hdng ngdy vdo luc 6h vd 14h. Cdc chl tifiu N02, NHS, P04, H2S vd C02 dirge test vdo liic 6h hdng ngdy. Djnh ky 1 thang d n mau 1 lan d l kiem tra tic dfi tdng trudng vd t^ lfi sing.
Phuong phdp phdn t f d hda hgc: Cdc d i l t e u phdn tich nhu dfi Im, protein Uid, lipid thd, ash, xothfiva ndng lugng thfi.
Xac djnh dd I m Uieo TCVN 4326-2001, protein thfi dugc xdc djnh theo TCVN 4328-2001, lipid tho dugc xdc dinh theo TCVN 4331-2001, tro Uid dugc xdc djnh ttieo TCVN 4327-2007, xo Bid dugc xdc djnh theo TCVN 4329-2007 vd ndng lugng thfi dugc tlnh gidn tilp thdng qua d c d t so nhu pn^tein, lipid vd cacbonhydraL
Hogt Igc d a enzyme amylase trong thdc an dugc xdc djnh theo phuong phdp Somogyi Nelson (Nelson, 1944); enzyme protease dirge xdc djnh dga tren eg sd ttiuy phdn casein bdi enzyme d tmng djch d l pham nghien ct>u, ^nh lirgng axit amin dugc tgo thdnh trong phan irng thiiy phdn bang [rfidn dng mdu vdi thulc thir Folin & Ciocalteu's regent, dva vdo d l thj d u i n d a tyrosine de tfnh lugng san pham tirong dng do enzyme xOc tdc tgo nfin vd enzyme phytase du^c xdc djnh theo phuong phdp d a Shimizu & cs. (1992).
Cdc ch! tifiu ddnh gid: Ty 1$ song (SR) = (sl cd ttiu hogch/d d thd)*100; Khfii lugng d tdng len (WG) = Khli lugng ci thu - Khli lugng d ttia; Tic dfi tang trudng binh quan ngdy (ADG) = (Khfii l u ^ g cd thu - Khfii lugng cd tha)/ngay nufii; Thu nhfin ttidc dn (PC) = Khfii lugng thirc an da su dyng/Ting so d ; Hfi so chuyin dli thirc an (FCR) = Khfl lugng thdc dn da sd dgng/(Khfii lugng cd thu- Khfii lugng d thd). Chi phi ttidc dn = FCR* gid ttiuc an.
Sfi ligu dugc xu ly b^n phin mem Microsoft Excel 2010 vd Minitab16.
K^T QUA VA T H A O LUAN
Mgt sfi y l u tfi mfii trvimg trong qua trinh nudi
Nhi§t dfi nude trong qud trinh thf nghiem d sg biln dgng ttieo ttidng vd dao dfing trong khodng 10-17 dfi C, cao nhit vdo thdng 9, 10 vd ttilp nhlt vdo cufii thdng 11, diu thdng 12 Wii d nh&ng dgt rdt kfio ddi. Cdc y l u to mfii trudng kh^c nhu oxy hda tan dao dfing trOng khodng 5-7 mg/l, pH dao dfing td 7-8, NO2 <0,1 mg/1, NH3 ed mdu dng vdi ttiang 0,0 mg/l. PO4 <0,1 mg/l, COz d o thang mau xanh Id cdy d|!m, dilu ndy chdng td lugng COz trong mdi tnrdng phii hgp vdi d . H2S <0,02 mg/l. Cdc y l u tfi mdi tnjdng diu phii hgp d o sy sinh tnrdng vd phdt triln ctia d tlm.
Tdng tru'dng cua ca thi nghiem
Tdng tnrdng ciia d ttif nghiem dugc ddnh gid qua khli lugng d tdng Ifin (g/con) vd toe dfi tdng trudng binh qudn ngiy (g/eon/ngdy) (Bdng 2).
Bdng 2: Cdc chl tifiu danh gia trong thi nghifm (Trung binhtSE) Chi ti&u
lOiii lirgng cd ttid (g/con) Ktili krgng cd thu (g/con) K h l i lugng cd tSng thgm (g/con) T i c d9 tdng tnrdng (g/con/ngdy) Thu nh^n thirc dn (g thirc inlcor\)
CT1
169,33±0.1*
345,17±2.1l' 176±2,04' 2.02±0,03' 294,06±9,53'
CT2
169.08±0.l' 360,5811,36'' 191,42±1,45'' 2,2±0.02'' 306,42±6,37'
Ghi chu. C6c gid In Imng ciing m^ ddng cd chO'cdi khdc nhau chf sw sai khdc cd ^ nghia thdng ke (P<0,05}
Ci si> Oi/ng thiic §n CTJ cho I<h6i linprng tang ISn l*n hon cS s i diing thiic Sr CT1 vS s6 li?u co av sal lih^c a i « ngWa th6ng k§ (P<0.05), cy thfi IS khoi lug-ng ca tang len 6 CT2 l&n hon so v*l CT1 la 15.42 g.
T6C at) Bng tn/4ng blnh quin ngSy ciia ca thi nghi$m * cac cOng thiic khSc nhau c6 siP sai khac ve m#t thSng k8 (P<0,05). CS su dung thuc an CT2 co b6 sung enzyme (2,2 g/con/ngSy) cao hem so v*i cS s i dgng th»c Sn CT1 khfing bfi sung enzyme (2,02 g/con/ngay). Viec c i sii dung thiio an CT2 cho ting tnrdng tot hon c i sii dgng thiic i n CT1 hoSn toin phO hgip vfin nghifin ciiu vo bo sung enzyme vio trong thiic i n cho tfim ciia Maugie S cs. (1983) cho c i hii vin cua Vieima S cs. (2004). cho c i trfi ciia Geogre v i Otubusin. (2007) v i cho c i nfic hfi cOa Ulnlng & cs. (2011).
Nhu viy. vdi vl$c b6 sung enzyme vio trong thuc an (CT2) giup c i tSm Siberian tiiu hoa. hap thu thiic i n t6t hon vJ cho tfic dfi ting tnffirng cao hem so voi thiic i n khfing bfi sung enzyme
Thu n h ^ thiic dn
Ket qua nudi cho thiy, Ihu nhgn ttidc dn cua ea 1am Siberian a cdng flnrc CT2 la cao hon so vdi CT1 tuong dng Id 306.42 g thuc dnfcon vd 294.06 g thdc ai/con. Tuy rttiifin, khi phdn b'd phuong sai mfit nhdn t l ttiay khdng d su sai MidcgH^cdc cdng thuc v l mdt th6f»g k§ (P>0.05) (Bang 2). Nhu v$y. thirc dn ttii nghifim ddm bdo Unh ngon mifing d l i
! ? ^ ^ Sibenan vd vific bd sung hay khdng bd sung enzyme khfing anh hudng din kha ndng ttiu nhgn thdc an cua d 1dm SSienan x^ v l m#t ttwng kfi.
TJ l o s i n g
Cd tlm^ Siberian la mgt bong nhuiw to^ cd nude lanh d sdc song cao vd ttild nghi t i t vdi dieu ki#n mfii tnrimg TJ lfi sfing cua d trong ttii nghiem ndy r i t eao. tr§n 97% va khfing d si/ sai khde giua eae cdng ttiuc (P>0,05). Nhu vgy ttidc dn san xuat da ddm bdo cung d p du dinh duoTM de duy In si/ sfing cua d tlm Siberian giai dogn ^ n g vd v i ^ bfi sung enzyme hay khdng bfi sung enzyme bwig khiu phin an khfing ldm dnh hirdng toi ^ Ig d n g d a ea t l m Siberian.
Ddnh gid hi$u qua kinh t l
Hi$u qua kinh te dugc ddnh gia so bfi thong qua hai chi tieu la h? sfi chuyin d l i ttiirc dn vd d i phf ttidc an eho mdt kg tdng bgng.
Bdng 3: He sfi ehuyin d l i thuc an vd chi irfiithuc an
Chi tieu CT1 CT2 H$sA chuyin a l l thdc an (FCR) 1.54*0.061" 1.47±0.02' GH thirc an (VND/kg thdc dn) 30.000 30.746 Chi phi lhi>c an (VNCWkg tdng trgng) 46.200 44.831
Ghlchii:CA:gii tii bong cung mdi ddng cdr^ir cdi khdc nhau chi svsakMc cdy nghia tiling k6(P<0.05)
H I sfi duyen dfii ttidc dn (FCTl) cd sg sai khdc nhau gida cac cdng thdc ttidc dn (PO.05). Hi#u q d kinh t l dugc ddnh gid ttidng qua chi (rfif ttidc dn eho 1 kg tang trgng. Do vi$c sdn xuit ttidc dn ttil nghifim d u a dugc ttiucmg mgi hoa nfin vific tinh gid ttidnh cho 1 kg ttidc dn dirge tlnh so bfi ttieo gia nguyfin lifiu tgi ttidi diim mua (ttiang 7 ndm 2011) vd cdc chi ph( phg khdc. O ^ y chiing tfii Unh ^ nguyfin lifiu chilm khodng 80% vd 20% la cdc d i phi i ^ c nhu (difin, bao bi, nhdn cfing. v$n duyen, khiu hao b^ng ttiilt b|...). So bfi ddnh gid iHfiu qud kinh te dugc t h i hifn qua Bang 3. So sdnh hifiu q d kinh t l gii>a hai logi Ihdc dn cd su dgng enzyme va khdng sd dyng enzyme cho thiy thdc an d b l sung enzyme (CT2) d o chi phi tt6n 1 kg r l hon 1.369 VND so vdi thdc dn khdng b l sung enzyme (CT1).
Nhu vfiy, xet trfin ^ n g the ve ific dd tang tnrdng, ty lfi sing vd h$ sfi chuyin dli ttiuc dn thi ttidc dn san xuat d bfi sung enzyme mang lai hifiu qud cao hon so vdi thdc an sdn xuat klidng bo sung enzyme.
KfTLUAN
Thdc an t u sdn xuit vdi ham lugng dinh dudng Id 42% Protein vd 16% LipW d bo sung 6IU enzyme amylase, 2IU enzyme protease va 2IU enzyme phytase b€n 1 g»n ttidc dn eho hifiu qud t i t hon v l tang bgng, bfi sfi d u y l n doi thirc dn vd hifiu qud kinh t l so vol thirc dn khdng b l sung enzyme trong nudi d tam giai dogn ttiuong phim.
TAI U$U THAM KHAO
Fumd M, Hidalgo MC. Ldpez A, Garcfa-Gallego M, Morales AE. t J o m e z ^ i A , Domezain^ J and Sanz A (2005). Digestive enzyme adivities vi Adriaatk: sturgeon Ac^)enser naccarii and rainbow trout Oncortiyctius mykiss A comparative study. Aquacultijre 250(1-2):
George FOA and OtutNJsin SO (2007). Fish leed devetopment for sustanaUe aquaculture fish pnxluction in Afrkia. Paper prepared for presentation al ttie Fann Management Association o/ Nigna Conference, Ayetoro, Nigena, Sepl^nber 4-6. 2007.
Lairang A, Ishkawa M, Kyaw K, Gao J , Binh N, Koshk) S. Yamaguctii S, Yokoyama S and Koyama J (2001). Dietary calcUlm/phosphorus ratki influences ttie efficacy of nucrobial phytase on ^ o w l t i , mir>eral digestibinty and vertebra mineralizatkm in juvente tiger puffer, Tcddfugu njbripes. AquaaMure Nutnbon 17:267-277.
Maugle PD, Deshimam O. Katayama T and Simpson KL (1983). The use of amylase suppl^nents in ^ n m p diets. J World Maricul 14: 25-37.
NRC (1993). Nutnent requirements offish. Washington. DC: Natkmal Academy Press,114 pp.
Nelson N (1944). A photometric adaptatkin of the Somogyi mehtod for the delerminatxMi of glucose. J S n / Ctem 153:375-380 Shimizu M (1992). Purrfication and ctiaracterization of phytase from BacAis siMMs (natto) N-77. Bk>sc Bmtechnol Bkxhem 56: 1266- 1269.
Sugiura SH. Gabaudan J, Dong FM, Hardy RW (2001). Qetary microbial phytase supplementation and the utilization of phosphoms.
trace minerals and protein by raintxiw trout Aopenser t>arei (Walbaum) fed soybean meal-t>3sed diets AquacuH Res 83-92.
Vieima J, Ruohonen K, Gabaudan J and Vogel K (2004). Top-spraying soybean meal-based diets wfth phytase improves protein and nwieraJ digesBbiUties but not lysine utifizatmn in rainbow trout. Oncoriiynchus mykiss (Walbaim). Aquaarit Res 35: 955-964.
HOI NGH! KHOA HQC CONG NGHt aiNM M p f f T l
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRODUCED FEED WITH ENZYME IN CLUTURE SIBERIAN STURDEON (Acipenser baeri) AT THE COMMODITY STAGE
Nguyen Thi Trang\ Tran Dinh Lua^^ Do Huu Quynh^
' Research institute for aquaculture No 1 ' Department of animal health 'Ha Noi University of Agriculbjre
SUMMARY
Using enzyme to add to aqua feed production wiU supply paidy enzymes which the digestive bad is lack of. It helps the fish to digest iKtter nutritions, to reduce environment pollution and to increase economical efficiency. The seberian sturgeon is one of the value cultured species in cool waiter environment in VietNam. Seberian sturgeon at the size &om 169 to 358 g/Ush was cultured tc assess the effect of the addition of enzyme to the feed in 90 culturing days. Fish using 02 types of different fixid formulas thai CTTAl-produced feed did not add enzyme; CTTA2-produced feed with mixnire of 6IU amylase, 2IU protease and 2IU phytase per 1 gam. The results show ttiat ttie survival rate is more than 97%. The average daily rate (g/fish/day) of CTTAI was 2.02 g/fish/day, CTTA2 was 2.2 g/fish/day, ttiere is a diffnences (P<0.0S) The feed conversion ratio from 1.47 to 1.54 and there was different between the formulas (PO.05). The initial research results show that produced feed with mixture of enzyme is better than it did not mixture of enzyme and can replace for import feed to culture Siberian sturgeon at the size of 169-360g.
Key word: eazyme amylase, enzyme protease, enzyme phytase, ci tlm Acipenser barei.
Authorfor correspondence: Nguyen Th| Trang. OT: 0919.145189. Fax: 043 8273070. Email: [email protected].
