TAP CHi CONG THlTdNG
CONG TAC GIAM NGHEO Of HUYEN YEN MO, TINH NINH BINH:
THlJC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
• LE THj THU H I I N - LE MINH P H J C N G - DINH TH! MINH
TOM TAT:
Trong nhffng nam qua, tff cac chinh sdch va ngudn kinh phi hd trd giam ngheo, huyen Yen Md, tinh Ninh Binh da trien khai thffc bidn nhieu chffdng tnnh, kd'hoach vdi nhffng hinh thffc phii hdp vdi thffc td' dia phffdng, qua dd gdp phdn giam l^ Id hp ngheo tff 13,4% nam 2015 xud'ng con 5,6% nam 2018 theo tidu chi mdi. De tffng bffdc cai thidn vd ndng cao ddi s6^ng vdt chd't, tinh thdn cho nhdn dan, dac bidt Id nhffng ngffdi ddn sinh sdng tien dia ban cdc xa cd didu kien kinh td, xa hdi con gap nhieu khd khan, huydn Ydn Md cIn quan tdm chi dao thffc hien lot cac chffdng trinh qud'c gia vd cua tinh ve giam ngheo ben vffng. Bai vid't phdn tich ve thffc trang va tim giai phdp cho cdng tdc giam ngheo d huydn Ydn Mo, tinb Ninh Binh tiong thdi gian tdi.
Tii khda: Ddi ngheo, chinh sach gia ngheo, cdng tac giam ngheo, huyen Yen Mo, tinh Ninh Binh.
1. Dat van dd
Ydn Md Id mpt huyen viing trung phia Nam cua tinh Ninh Binh, phia Tdy gidp Thdnh phd' Tam Diep, phia Nam gidp 2 huydn Nga Sdn vd Ha Trung cua tinh Thanh Hda, phia Bac gidp huydn Hoa Lff, phia Ddng gidp huyen Kim Sdn, phia Ddng Bac gidp huydn Ydn Khdnh. Huyen Ydn Md cd didn tich 144,1 km^, didn tich canh tac 8.314,6 ha va ddn so' 117.234 nghin ngffdi (nam 2017). Hien nay, huyen cd 17 xd, thi tid'n, trong dd cd 9 xa dffdc cdng nhan Id xa mien nui, vdi kmhtd'ld mpi huyen thuan nong, cd ca'u kinh td' chuyen dich cham nen ddi sd'ng mdt bd phan ngffdi dan cdn gap nhieu khd khan. Chinh vi vay, giup ngffdi ngheo vffdn len thoat ngheo ludn la
va'n de dai ra dd'i vdi cac cd'p uy Dang, chinh quydn dia phffdng.
2. Thi/c trang
Trong thdi gian qua, cong tdc xda ddi, giam ngheo, an sinh xa hpi luon dffdc cac cd'p uy Dang, chinh quyen tren dia bdn huyen Ydn Md quan lam, tap trung sff lanh dao, chi dao, chinh vi vay, so' hd ngheo nam 2015 tff 4.796 hd gidm cdn 2.130 hd nam 2018; sd'hp ngheo khdng cd kha nang thoat ngheo nam 2015 tff 1.832 hd giam cdn 1.134 hp nam 2018. Tuy vdy, so" bd can ngheo lai tang len tinh theo chuan ngheo mdi tff 2.101 hd ndm 2015 len 3.013 hd nam 2018. Vdi didn tich dd't dai chii ye'u Id nui, song, ngdi vd rudng tiling ndn ddi sd'ng nhan dan cdn gap rd't nhieu khd
70 So 1-Thang 1/2019
khdn trong san xud't ndng nghidp. Lffc Iffdng lao ddng Idm ndng nghiep Id ehinh, san xud't tren dia ban cdn dffa nhidu vao nghe ndng vdi cdc loai hinh la trdng trpt, chan nudi va nudi trdng thuy sdn dffa vao Idi thd' cua viing. Do vdy, de tffng bffdc ndng cao chd't Iffdng cudc sd'ng cua ngffdi dan, tffng bffdc giam ngheo va gidi quyd't cdng an vide lam cdc ngdnh cac cap da cd nhffng giai phap lich cffc ve chinh sach, cd chd' de giai quye't cac khia canh cua ngheo ddi va thie'u viec lam, dac biet la cac chinh sdch, giai phdp trd giiip ve y td', gido due, nha 6, nffdc sach vd cdc dieh vu xa hdi cd ban khac. Tuy cdn nhidu khd khan thdch thffc, song vdi sff chi dao cua cdc cd'p liy Ddng, chinh quyen, dodn thd vd sff nd Iffc ciia ngffdi dan, cdng tac giam ngheo da dat dffdc mdt so'kd't qua bffdc dau:
Mdt la, cdng tac xay dffng ndng thdn mdi va chffdng trinh 135 (chi dp dung cho 5 thdn dac bidt cOa xa Ydn Thdi) da gdp phan thay ddi ve mpi mat ddi sd'ng xa hdi. Mffc Ihu nhdp binh quan dau ngffdi, thu nhdp binh quan hp ngheo lang dan theo tffng nam, tinh de'n hd't nam 2018 dat tren 27 tridu ddng/ngffdi/ndm (t§ng gan 1 trieu d/ngffdi/ndm so vdi ndm 2015). 100% tram y te xd, thi trd'n cd bdc sy (da cd 17/17 xd dat chuan qud'c gia bp tidu chi mdi). Ty Id ngffdi ddn dffdc dung nffdc hdp vd sinh dat 98,1%, trong dd cd tren 64,4% so' hp diing nffdc may. Ty Id xa cd dffdng giao thdng dd'n trung tam xa dat 100%.
Cdng ide tridn khai xdy dffng ndng ihon mdi dffdc quan tdm, dd'n cud'i nam 2018 da ed 10/17 xa dffdc cdng nhdn dat tidu chi ndng thdn mdi. Cac cdng trinh ed sd ha tang thid't yd'u dffdc dau iff;
lao ddng nong nghidp con dffdi 60% lao dpng xa hpi; ty Id lao ddng ndng thdn qua ddo lao, lap hua'n, hua'n luydn dat tren 40%. Ty Id lao dpng cd viec 1dm thffdng xuydn tdng tff 91,54% nam 2015 Idn 95% nam 2018 (I).
Hai Id, cdng tac khdm chffa benh vd cham sdc sffc khoe cho ngffdi ngheo cd nhieu chuydn bid'n tich cffc, chat Iffdng khdm chffa benh cho cac dd'i Iffdng tffng bffdc dffdc nang Idn: Cdng tdc y te'dff phong, cdc chffdng trinh muc tidu Qud'c gia ve y td', phdng chd'ng dich benh nguy hiem, dam bao vd sinh an loan thffc phd'm dffdc thffc hidn tot; ty
Id ngffdi ddn tham gia bao hiem y le dat 72,5%.
Nam 2018, cd 17/17 tram y te' xd, thi trd'n dat chuan qud'c gia; hien nay cd 4 xd: Ydn Thdng, Yen Tff, Yen Hda va Yen Thai dat chuan ve y td' giai doan 2011-2020. 100% ngffdi ngheo, can ngheo dffdc cap the BHYT midn phi.
Ba Id, cdng tac giao due vd dao lao cd nhieu chuyen bie'n tich cffc, quy md trffdng Idp on dinh, phil hdp, nhd't Id cdng tac dao tao nghe cho ngffdi ngheo dffdc quan tam. Trong thdi gian qua, huyen Ydn Md thffc hien td't cdc che' dp, chinh sdch hd trd hpc nghd cho ngffdi ngheo, cd ban dap ffng dffdc nhu cdu vd nguyen vpng ciia ngffdi ngheo, ty Id lao ddng cd viec lam sau khi hpc nghd dat trdn 70% vdi mffc thu nhap binh quan tff 1,7 tridu ddng dd'n 4 tridu ddng, mpt sd nghe dat 7 tridu ddng, nhff nghd xdy dffng, may cdng nghiep...;
Huydn dffdc cdng nhdn dai chuan phd cap gido due mam non cho tre em 5 tuoi va dat chuan phd cap gido due tieu hpc dung do tudi mffc dp 2 sdm hdn 1 nam so vdi kd' hoach, huy ddng 100% tre em di hpc tieu hpc dung dd tudi, 100% hpc sinh hoan thanh chffdng tnnh tidu hpc vao hpc THCS.
Cha't Iffdng giao due todn didn tffng bffdc nang len, ty Id hoc sinh thi do dai hpc, cao dang hang nam dffdc tang len. Hien nay, 100% gido vidn cd trinh dp dat chuan trd len, trong dd trdn chud'n 86,9%; giai doan 2011 - 2018 cd 784 hpc sinh tidu hpc vd THCS dat giai hpe sinh gidi cap tinh vd 21 hoc sinh dat giai ca'p qud'c gia (2).
Bdn Id, cd sd ha idng trdn dia ban huyen luon dffdc dau tff, nang cd'p. Todn huydn da tridn khai xay dffng, nang cd'p dffdc 365,5 km dffdng giao thdng, trong dd cd 40,4 km dffdng true xa, lidn xa, 195,2kmdffdnggiaothdng thdn, xdm va 129,9 km dffdng true chinh npi ddng, ty le dffdng giao thdng dat chuan 70,2 %; he thdng thuy Idi dffde ndng cd'p cffng hda 12,8 km kdnh mffdng vd thffdng xuydn ndng ca'p; dau tff ndng ca'p 12 trffdng mam non; 14 trffdng tieu hpc; 10 trffdng THCS, de'n nay 16 xa tren dia bdn huyen da cd 39/48 irffdng hpc dat chuan Quo'c gia (dat 81,3%); 16 xa trdn dia bdn huyen da cd 201/215 thdn, xdm cd nha van hda, sdn vdn ddng thdn, xdm (dat 93,5%); nang ca'p, cai tao trdn 100 nha tam, nha ddt ndi, tuydn truyen van dpng nhan ddn, chinh trang, ndng cd'p 3.904
TAP CHi CONG THIftfNG
nhd d ddn cff vdi tdng kinh phi tren 528.398 ty ddng, de'n nay so nha dat chud'n cua Bp Xdy dffng dat 77,3%; xay mdi, nang ca'p dffa vao sff dung 4 cdng trinh nhd may cd'p nffdc sach va he thd'ng dffdng dug dan nffdc cho 5 xa vdi tdng kinh phi Id 71.103 tridu ddng (2).
Ndm la, hoal dpng hd ird vay von hp ngheo lie'p tuc dffde ede cd'p, ngdnh dac bidt quan tam.
Thong qua vide thdnh lap cdc to vay vdn do cac hpi, dodn the phu trach, ngffdi dan dac biet la hd ngheo da dffpc tie'p can vdi nhieu ngudn von vay nhff vay vd'n san xua't - kinh doanh vung khd khan, vay vd'n hpc sinh, sinh vidn, vay vdn dau tff khai thac nffdc sach vd vd sinh mdi trffdng... Bang cac ngudn vd'n tff Ngdn hang Ndng nghiep vd Phat trien ndng thdn, Ngdn hang Chinh sdch xa hpi huyen, vd'n ciia cac hpi, doan the da giup hp ngheo, hp cdn ngheo cd vd'n de phdt trien san xud't, chuyen tff sdn xua't nhd, iff eung, Iff cd'p sang san xua't hang hda, vffdt qua ddi ngheo, giup cdc bd ndng dan cd vd'n de mua Irau, bd, Idn, cac loai gid'ng cdy trdng, vat tff ndng nghidp hoac dau tff san xua't tieu thu cdng nghidp. Nhieu hp ngheo sau khi dffdc vay vd'n da thay ddi phffdng thffc Idm an, chuyen ddi cd ca'u cay trdng - vat nuoi, phdt trien kinh td' trang trai tang thu nhdp, vffdn len thoat ngheo. Tff giai doan 2011 - 2018, cd tdng 2.774 Iffdt hd ngheo dffdc vay vd'n vdi sd' tien Id 48,212 ly ddng; cd tdng 2.171 ho can ngheo dffdc vay vd'n vdi so' tidn Id 56,081 ly ddng; chffdng trinh cho vay tin dung hpc sinh, sinh vidn cd 5.925 hd vay vdi long sd lien la 92,338 ty ddng. Cho vay xud't kha'u lao dpng dd'i vdi hp ngheo 72 hp vay vdi sd'tien la 1,43 ly ddng; cho vay hd ngheo lam nhd d vdi long dff nd la 702 tridu ddng. Cho vay vdi hp san xud'l - kinh doanh tai vung khd khan cd 1.736 hd vay vd'n vdi so' tidn Id 31,628 ty ddng. Cho vay vd'n dau tff khai thac nffdc sach va ve sinh mdi trffdng ed 4.624 hd vay vd'n vdi sd'tien la 45,029 ty ddng (2).
Bdn canh nhffng kd't qua dat dffdc neu trdn thi cong tdc giam ngheo trong thdi gian qua vdn con nhffng vd'n de dat ra, dd la: Kd't qua giam ngheo chffa thffc sff ben vffng, ty le ngheo phdt sinh va tdi ngheo con cao; cbdnh lech thu nhdp giffa cac hp, nhdm hp cdn Idn; tinh trang ngffdi lao dpng
chffa qua ddo tao, thid'u kie'n thffc lam an van cdn nhieu; tinh trang khd khan vd nha d trong cdc hp ngheo van ehffa giai quyd't dffdc; mpt bd phdn ngffdi ngheo cdn cd tff tffdng trdng chd, y lai vdo sff hd trd cua Nhd nffdc va cd'p tren; Ngudn vd'n ngdn sdch trung ffdng de thffc hien Chffdng trinh giam ngheo ben vffng trong nhffng nam qua bd tri cdn tha'p, ngan sach tinh, huyen eon ban hep, vide huy ddng cac ngudn lffc khac tren dia ban cdn ban chd'.
3. Dd xudTt mpt so' giai phap
De thffc hien cd hieu qua cdng lac gidm ngheo ben vffng, trong thdi gian tdi huyen Yen Md can thffc hidn td't mdt so'giai phdp sau:
Thd nhd't, tang cffdng cdng tac phdi hdp giffa Ban chi dao giam ngheo huyen vdi Ban chi dao xay dffng ndng thdn mdi; cdng tac kiem tra, gidm sat, danh gia ke't qua thffc hien gan vdi tong kd't, rut ra bai hpc kinh nghidm trong cdng tac td chffe trien khai chffdng trinh giam ngheo. Tang cffdng sff phdi hdp giffa cac phdng, ban, nganh, doan the va cdc cd quan, ddn vi trdn dia ban huydn de thffc hidn cd hieu qua cong lac gidm ngheo ben vffng:
Can quan tdm, chu y dd'n vide lidn kd't giffa doanh nghidp vdi hp ndng dan de td chffe san xud't, tidu thu san pham; huy dpng td'i da vd tap trung cdc ngudn lufc ddu tff cho xda ddi giam ngheo, dac bidt coi trpng nang cao chd't Iffdng ngudn nhdn lffc.
Thd hai, can ffu tidn thffc hien ddng bp cac dii dn, chinh sach trdn dia ban cac thdn dac bidt khd khan, cdc xa phdn da'u dat nong thdn mdi, gdp phdn tang thu nhdp cua ngffdi lao ddng, ciia ho ngheo tao mdi trffdng, dieu kien thuan Idi nhd't de gidm ngheo ben vffng. Chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh te theo hffdng tang td'c dp phdt tridn kinh te khu vffc phi nong nghiep, tao them lam viec mdi; Iffa chpn gid'ng cdy trdng vat nudi phii hdp, thdm canh lang nang sud't, ndng cao gia tn thu nhdp nham gidm bdt nhffng khd khan, giup cac hp do tiiie'u da't san xud't thoat ngheo. Thffc hien hieu qua cdc chffdng trinh, de an trdn dia ban huydn gdp phan chung cho chffdng trinh giam ngheo ben vffng.
Thd ba, tang cffdng cong tdc dao tao nghd bang nhidu hinh thffc, day manh edng tac tuyen truyen nham thay ddi va lam chuyen bie'n nhan Uiffc trong giam ngheo, khdi ddy y chi chii dpng, vffcfn len eiia
72 Sol -Thang 1/2019
KINH TE
ngffdi ngheo. To chffe ddo tao, tdp hud'n ndng cao nang life, tnnh dd khoa hpc ky thuat, nhdn thffc cho ngffdi ngheo. Gan cong tdc dao tao nghe vdi gidi quyd't vide Idm, day manh boat ddng gidi thidu vide lam lao dieu kidn cho ngffdi lao ddng sau dao tao tim dffdc vide Idm trong vd ngodi nffdc. Uu tidn nhdm hd gia dinh thid'u dd't san xud't, thie'u kinh nghidm, ky thuat san xud't, kmh doanh. Tid'p tuc kidn loan, nang cao trinh dp can bp chuydn trdch cho cd quan thffdng trffc chffdng trinh gidm ngheo d cac ca'p, dac biet la can bd ca'p xa trdn dia bdn huydn Ydn Md.
Thd tu, chff trpng phat trien hd thd'ng mang Iffdi an smh xa hdi dd trd giup dd'i Iffdng ngffdi ngheo, nhff: Y te', giao due, van hda...; lang cffdng chi dao va thffdng xuyen thffc hien cac bidn phap phdng chd'ng dich benh, thidn tai, nham tranh vd giam nhffng thiet hai do ydu to khdch quan mang lai. Quan tdm hd trd, giup dd kip thdi cdc hp bi thiet hai do anh hffdng ciia thien tai, dich benh, han che' tdi ngheo, phdt sinh ngheo tff cdc nguydn nhdn nil ro gdy ndn.
Thit ndm, doi mdi, bo sung va sffa ddi, hoan ihien cac chinh sach hd trd gidm ngheo ciia huyen Yen Md phu hdp tinh hinh phat trien kinh td'- xa bdi cua Huydn dd ndng cao hieu qua ciia ehinh sdch ddu Iff cho chffdng trinh. Phdt huy manh me tinh dan chii trong cdc boat ddng giam ngheo, la'y y kid'n ciia ngffdi ddn lam gd'c de thifc hidn cac chinh sdch thffc sff hieu qua.
Tdm lai, dd tid'p luc day manh cdng tdc gidm ngheo va thffc hidn muc tidu gidm ngheo ben vffng, huyen Yen Md can tap trung thffc hien cac giai phap ddng bp, nhff: Thffc hidn Chffdng trinh muc tieu qud'c gia giam ngheo ben vffng, tap tiling ffu tidn ngudn lffc dau tff tff ngan sach trung ffdng.
dia phffdng de day nhanh td'c dd giam ngheo d cdc xd ngheo cdn nhieu khd khan, trong dd tap trung tang cffdng dau tff kd't cd'u ha tang d cac xa ngheo;
hd trd san xud't, tdng thu nhdp cho ngffdi ngheo;
xdy dffng vd nhan rpng md hinh giam ngheo bdn vffng; ndng cao ndng life gidm ngheo; tang cffdng boat dpng giam sdt, ddnh gid cdc chinh sach gidm ngheo tac ddng dd'n dd'i tffdng thu hffdng. Tao vide 1dm dn dinh vd da dang boat dpng thu nhap cho lao dpng ngheo; lang thu nhap binh quan dau ngffdi cua cdc hp ngheo; bao dam cdc didu kidn thie't ye^u ve nha d, nffdc sinh boat, tid'p can cdc dich vu y te', cham sdc sffc khde, giao due, day nghd, ddi sd'ng van hda, tinh than, tiep can dich vu trd gidp phap ly mien phi cho cac hd ngheo;
ke't ca'u ha tang thid't yd'u phuc vu sdn xud'l vd ddn sinh d cac xa, thdn cdn nhidu khd khan dat chuan theo lidu chi ndng thdn mdi; long ghep cdc chffdng trinh, dff dn, nhd't Id dao tao nghe, ndng cao kid'n thffc, trinh do tay nghe vdi cdc dff an vay vd'n ffu ddi cho ngffdi ngheo de tao viec lam tai chd, tham gia lao dpng va xua't khau lao dpng, tang thu nhdp, cai thidn vd dn dinh ddi sd'ng cho ngffdi ngheo trdn dia ban huydn.
4. Ke't luan
Ddi, ngheo Id mpt hien tffpng kinh te'- xa hpi, vffa Id vd'n de ciia lich sff de lai va cung Id va'n de ma trong qud trinh phdt trien ede qud'c gia ddu gap phai, Ddi, ngheo lien quan trffc tie'p de'n cupc sd'ng con ngffdi tff gdc dp cd nhan, gia dinh, cdng ddng, trong dd cd ban va chii ye'u Id didu kidn sd'ng vd mat vdt chd't vd tinh than, quan hd, dd'n didu kidn lao dpng va mffc thu nhdp, lieu dung ciia ngffdi ddn. Chinh vi vdy, giup ngffdi ngheo vffdn Idn thodt ngheo ludn Id va'n dd dat ra dd'i vdi cac ca'p uy Dang, chinh quyen dia phffdng •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Phdng Lao dong - Thuong binh vd Xd hdi huyen Yen Md (2018), Bdo cdo ve cdng Idc gidm ngheo.
2. Uy ban nhdn ddn huyen Yen Md (2016), Tdng kit, ddnh gid dnh hinh triin khai vd ket qua thUc hien Chuang tnnh muc tieu qudc gia gidm ngheo ben vdng giai doan 2011-2015, phuong hudng giai doan 2016-2020.
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
Ngay nh^n bai: 24/12/2018
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chifa: 4/1/2019 Ngay chafp nhdn dang bai: 14/172019
Thong tin tdc gid:
1. ThS. LE THI THU HIEN - TruftTng Chinh tri tinh Ninh Thuan 2. ThS. LE MINH PHlJCJNG - Trffdng Chinh tri tinh Tuyen Quang 3. ThS. DINH THI MINH - Tru'dng Chinh tri tinh Ninh Binh
POVERTY REDUCTION ACTIVITIES OF YEN MO DISTRICT, NINH BINH PROVINCE:
CURRENT SITUATION AISD SOLUTIONS
• Master. LETHITHU HIEN Political School of Ninh Thuan Province
• Master. LE MINH PHUONG Political School of Tuyen Quang Province
• Master. DINH THI MINH Political School of Ninh Binh Province
ABSTRACT:
In recent years. Yen Mo district of Ninh Binh Province has carried out a range of poverty reduction programs and plans from policies and funding activities which are suitable to the specific provincial conditions. These activities has contributed to reduce the poverty rate of Ninh Binh Province from 13.4% in 2015 to 5.6% in 2018 according to new poverty criteria. In order to gradually improve and enhance both the material and spiritual life of people, especially residents Hving in communes with difficult socio-economic conditions, authorities of Yen Mo district needs to pay close attention to implement national and provincial sustainable poverty reduction programs well. This article is to analyze the situation and finds solutions for poverty reduction activities in Yen Mo district, Ninh Binh Province in the coming time.
Keywords: Poverty, poverty reduction poHcy, poverty reduction activities. Yen Mo district, Ninh Binh Province.
