Cong trinh Khoa hpc

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Cong trinh Khoa hpc

NGHIEN Ctru XAC DINH BO BIEN DANG KHUNG MAY DAT DirOfNG SAT MDR BAJVG PHirONG PHAP PHAN TU HIJ U H^N

ThS. NCS. NGO VIET DAN Bp mdn Mdy xdy dung - Xep dd Khoa Ca khi

Tru&ng Dgi hpc Giao thong Van tai Tdm tat: Bdi bdo trinh bay kel qua nghiin cuu xdc dinh dp biin dgng kit cdu khung mdy ddt dudng sdi MDR trong thi cdng ldp ddt dudng sdt theo cdng nghe hai budc kil hgp. Md hinh tinh todn bien dang khung mdy MDR dugc xdy dyng bang phirang phdp phdn tu hieu han Id ca sd de xdc dinh cdc thdng sd hgp ly cua kit cdu mdy trong diiu kien ihi cdng thuc le cua dudng sdt Vi4t Nam

Summary: This paper presents research determining deformation of frame of MDR machine used in railroad construction with the technology combines two steps The MDR model built by the finite element method as a basis for determining the reasonable parameters of the frame structure of machine in actual terms of Vietnam railway construction.

1. Gidi thieu m a y d a t d u d n g s5t M D R thi cong d a t ta vet va r a y

May dgt d u d n g sat MDR la san pham ciia d l tai khoa hgc c i p Bd G i a o due va D a o tao co ma sd B2008-04-84TD d u g c hoan thanh va nghiem thu t h a n g 3 / 2 0 1 0 . M a y M D R da lien tuc d y g c nghien ciru ho&n thi?n d l cd cdng nang thda mSn cac d i i u kien thi c d n g t h u c t l , nang cao miirc dd c a gidi hda dat d u d n g sat Viet N a m .

May M D R d^t ta vet va ray theo cdng nghe hai budc k i t hgp cd t h i d u g c md ta n h u sau:

* Budc I: Bat td vet be tong cot thep dir irng luc

6 b u d c nay hai may M D R lam viec dgc lap va thyc hien (k) chu ky dat dii sd lugng ta vet dng vdi chieu dai doan ray (25m), mdi chu ky gom cac trang thai: n a n g khung kep cum ta vet I6n thanh ban vi, di c h u y i n may d i n vj tri dat, ha hang, di c h u y i n khdng tai ve vi tri ban d i u .

Hinh I. Sa do mdy MDR ndng, chuyin cum td vet

* Bimc 2: Ndng chwyin vd ldp dgt cap ray len day td vet da dgt

O b u d c nay hai may M D R ddng thdi nang cap ray, mdt chu ky bao g d m : nang khung kep hai ray len thanh hgn vi, di chuyen d i n vi tri l i p dat, ha hang, di c h u y i n may v l vi tri ban d i u .

1

T = H = r

Hinh 2. Sa dd id mdy MDR khi van chuyin vd lap ddt hat ray

58

Tap chi K H O A H Q C G I A O T H O N G V . ^ N T A I S 6 4 4 - 1 2 / 2 0 1 3

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Trong qua trinh may lam vifc khung may phat sinh bien dang, anh hudng rSt Idn din do an toan cua may. Dg biin dang khung may MDR dugc xac djnh theo cac dieu kien: kilu dang khung, kich thudc cac phSn tii khung; dieu kien bin, dieu kien dn dinh cua kit c4u khung may;

to hgp tai trgng theo cac trudng hgp lam viec dien hinh, bao gom:

- Trudng hgp 1: May MDR lam viec dgc ISp nang h? cum 7 ta vet be tdng cot thep dy ung luc vdi tai trgng hang nang Qtv-max = 3,0 tan.

- Trudng hgp 2: May MDR lam viec dgc l^p v|n chuyin cym ta vet din vi tri lap d3t.

- Trudng hgp 3: Hai may MDR l?p thanh td may ddng thdi nang c^p ray vdi tai trgng hang nSngQray = 2,5 tan.

- Trudng hgp 4: Hai may MDR di chuyin dua c^p ray den vj tri lap dat.

Kit qua nghien cdu xac dinh dg bien dang khung may la ca sd xac djnh cac thdng sd hgp ly ciia may, dam biio dg tin cay ciia may khi lam viec.

2. Xay dung mo hinh tinh xac djnh bien dang khung may MDR

2.1. Cff sd phirffng phdp phdn tir hitu hgn de tinh stc biin dgng ket cdu khung mdy MDR Xem xet ket cau khung may MDR nhu td hgp cac phan tu khung ba chieu lam viec trong gidi ban dan hdi. Mdi phan tu khung (e) cd hai nut (1) va (2) vdi dac diem: luc tac dung len dam dugc quy ddi thanh luc mit, khdi lugng phan bd tren dam dugc thu ggn ve hai dau theo nguyen ly bao toan the nang. Dd bien dang ket cau khung xac dinh theo chuyen vi tai cac nut. Khi dd chuyen vi nut ciia mdi phan tir khung dugc md ta nhu sau:

Chuyen vi cua mit: {u}^= [X|,yi, z\, 9xi, 6yi, 9zi, X2, y2, Z2, 6x2, 9y2, 622];

* Xac dinh do cung cua phan tu kit ciu:

Chieu dai phan tir: L = sqrt((x2-X|)*{x2-Xi) + (y2-yi)*{>'2-yi) +(22-Zi)*(z2-Zi));

- Trong h? tga do phan tir, ta cd do cung:

k' =

V*i: a =

c =

a b - a J~\

b' 0 - b ' d 1 - a ' - b a - b

b' d' - b ' c j kl 0 0 ] 0 k2 0 0 0 k6

"klO 0 0 0 k8 0 0 0 k4

• b =

• d =

"0 0 0 0 0 k3 0 - k 7 0 ⁰ -klO 0 0 ] 0 k9 0 0 0 ksj kl E»A(e)/L; k2 12«E»lz(e)/(L'^3); k3 k5 2*E»lz(e)/L; k6 =12»E»ly(ey(L^3); k7 k9 = 2*E*Iy(e)/L; klO = G*J(e)/L.

- Trong he toa do tSng thi: K' =• R' *k' *R; voi R la Fr 0 0 0"

0 0

|o 0 0 0

r 0 0 r

"

; Vc n r =

Cxx CYX CZJ(

Cz, Czz.

Hinli 3. Mo hinh phdn tit khung

6»E*lz(e)/(L"2);

6*E*ly(ey(L^2);

k4 k8

4*E*Iz(e)/L;

4»E»Iy(e)/L;

va Cxx, Cxy, Cxz, CYX, Cvy, CYZ, CZX,

Czy, Czx la cac cosin djnh hucrng true phan tu theo he tpa dp t6ng thi.

Chuyen vj ciia cac nut duac xac dinh tir quan he: K". {u}*= {f}'.

Xac djnh ma trgn dp cirng tdng thg [K] tir vi$c ghep n6i cac dp cung phan tir K*.

Tuang t\r xac djnh ma tran kh6i luang ciia cac phin tir [M] tir khdi luang cua cac phan tir

Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 44 - 12/2013 59

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{m}*. Ti^r do xay dyng phuang trinh chuyin dgng cua ket cau nhu sau:

[M].{ u}+[K],{u}^={F(t)}

2.2. Mo binh linh todn mdy MDR d trgng thdi ldp dgt td vet

T T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Hinh 4. Md hinh khung mdy MDR ddt td vet

Bang I. Cdc ihdns so lam viec cua mdy Ten th6nE s6

Chiû dî CO so Khoane c k h giOa 2 ray US Chiû rOng C h i i u cao , Trpng lirpng may

Trgns lucmg iiiSiih i ^ v^t

Chieu dai khung T\?I<\% (nang c^m 7 la v ; l ) Chifiu rpng khung nang

Ky hiC-ii [ B , . ,

B H G 0,v

u

Bfc

Thir ngu>cn m m m m kG kG m m

Trj so 2,2 3 76 3,76 3.9 1800 310 4.12 1,63

2.3. Mo hinh tinh todn td mdy MDR & trudng hffp dgt ray P50 ddi 25m

Hhih 5. Md hinh id mdy MDR dpi cap ray

T T i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 U 12 13 14 15

Bang 2. Cdc thdng sd md

TGn t h 6 n g s6 Chieu dai (khoang c i c h tryc hai banh) Chieu rgngmfty

C h i i u cao m4y

Khoang cdch giil'a hai mang cit ty tren thanh h^n v|

K h o t o g c&ch gii^a hai dSm chfnh Kho&ng cdch tir Ihanh (21 -22) den niil (17) KhoEknp c i c h tir thanh (1 -2) d^n niit (13) Khoang c i c h Iff nul (21) deii niit (24) Khoang each lir niil (25) diJn nijt (28) Khoang each tCr thanh (5-6) den thanh (9-10) K h o i n g c d e h l i i t h a n h (1-2) den thanh (5-6) Chieu dai khung nang

ChiSu d i i m6c treo kifp ray Khoang c i c h tam hai m i y M D R Khoang c i c h tir di^m (4) den goc toa do

K y h i | u 1.

B H B I L I Lc L n Lg a l a2 H I Lkn L m LR X o

hinh Id mdy MDR ddt ray

M i y M D R - O l ( m m ) 2200 3760 3900 1400 400 617 2700 600 400 350 1700 4200 350 13800 4500

60 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG V,iN TAI So 44 - 12/2013

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3. Lap chiromg trinh tinh do bien dang khung may MDR bang phan mem Matlab 3.1. Sff dd khdi tinh todn kit c&u khung mdy

Chuang trinh Matlab xac djnh dd biin dang ket cau khung may MDR dugc xay dyng tren ca sd phuang phap phan tir huu han cd quy trinh thuc hien theo sa dd va cac budc tinh toan nhu sau:

Budc (1) Kieu dang khung may MDR cd ket cau dang cdng true nhd.

Buov (2) Md hinh tinh toan bien dang khung may sir dung he phuang trinh ma tran chuyen vi cua ket cau khung chju lye tac dung theo cac trudng hgp lam viec dien hinh.

Phuang phap phan tu hiiu han lap tren phan mem Matlab, gdm cac phSn:

- Chuong trinh con: + stiffnessMDR.m % Xac djnh ma tran dd cung ket cau + massMDR.m % Xac dinh ma tran dg cung ket cau - Chuang trinh chinh: + MDR-Tavet.m % Tinh bien dang khung may MDR d^t t^ v?t

+ MDR-Ray.m % Tinh biin dang khung may MDR d§t ray (1) Kilu ding kit c^u khung may MDR

(2) M6 hinh linh loin kel cau khung MDR

X X

(5) Dieu khien mo hinh Tinh toin, md phong khung may MDR bang MATLAB

(3) Thong tin co ban ciia mo hinh mdy MDR - Cdc thong s6 hinh hpc ca ban ctia mdy.

- Cdc thong s6 vl diiu ki^n 1dm viec {trpng lugng ta vet va ray. l6c dp di chuyen; ddc diem ciia ray di chuyin, nin dat hoSc ballast,..)

- T6 hop tai trpng tdc dpng len mdy - Diiu ki6n lien kit cdc phan cua khung mdy.

- Dieu kien bien dii vdi mo hinh.

(6) Mo phong bien dang khung mdy MDR bang INVENTOR

(4) KiSm tra dieu ki^n bien

X

cua m6 hinh (7) Ddnh gid ket qud tinh todn (8) Bdng gia trj biin dang khung MDR Birdc (3) Thdng tin ca ban ciia md hinh: gia trj cac thdng so ca ban kit cAu may MDR nhu thdng so hinh hgc khung may, cac thdng sd ddng hgc, td hgp luc tac dgng len md hinh theo cac trudng hgp lam vi?c diln hinh cita may, giai phuang trinh ma tran can bang ket cau cho ta gia trj bien dang ket cau khung may MDR.

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Budc (4) Kilm tra gia trj tinh toan kit cau theo diiu kien bien cua md hinh.

Birdc (5) Diiu khiln md hinh bdng viec thay ddi cac gia tri thdng sd ca ban ban dau de xac djnh miln thdng sd hgp ly cua kit c^u khung may MDR, lap trinh tren phin mem MATLA .

Birdc (6) Md phdng biin d^ng khung may MDR bdng phin mim INVENTOR Birdc (7) Tiln hanh danh gia kit qua tinh toan, md phdng biin dang kit cau khung may.

Birdc (8) Trinh bay bang gia tri do biin dang ciia khung may MDR.

3.2. Kit qud tinh todn md hinh

Xet tai trirdng hap I va tru&ng hgp 3 khi da nang khung nang vdi cum ta vet ho^c cap ray tdi ch^m thanh gidng ngang, khi dd cd the coi khung chju tac ddng cua luc tTnh; tai trgng gio, luc can ma sat, can nhdt cd gia trj nhd anh hudng khdng Idn din diiu kien lam viec ciia ket cau

a/Mo phong dumtg chuyin vi kit cdu khung mdy MDR khi ddt Id vet

Bang 3. Mdy MDR-02 cd kit cdu khung hgp ly han khi hieu chinh thdng sd hinh hpc khung mdy MDR-OI

TT 1 2

Ten thong so Khoang each tCr nut (21) den niit (17) Khoang each tir nut (21) den nut (24)

Ky hieu Lc Lg

JVIBR02 (mm)

1130 800 Bang 4. Gid tri chuyen Vf nut ciia khung mdy MDR lap dgt td v?l

Ten nut 1 2 • 3 4 25 26

Gia trj chuy€n vj nut l<6t cSu khung may (mm) MDR-01

dX -1.07 -1.07 -2.52 -2.52 -1.65 -1.65

dY 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -5.39 -5.27

dZ -16.09 -17.77 14.67 15.84 -0.80 -0.90

MDR-02 dX

-0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02

dY 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.71 -0.60

dZ -2.63 -3.40 2.97 3.43 0.05 0.09 b/ Mo phdng duang chuyen vi kit cdu khung may MDR khi ddt ray:

62 Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG V^N TAI 86 4 4 - 12/2013

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Cong trinh Khoa hpc Bang 5. Gid Iri chuyen v/ mil cua lihun^ mdy MDR Idii ldp dat ray

T6n niit

1 2 3 4 25 26

Gia tri chuyen vi nut kfit cau khung may (mm) MDR-01

dX 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,2

dY 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 -3,4 -3,4

dZ 0.0 0,0 20,0 19,8 9,8 9,6

MDR-02 dX

0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,11 0,11

dY ' 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 -0,38 -0,43

dZ 0,00 0,00 4,08 3,29 1.93 1,80

4. Ket luan

Cac thdng sd lam viec ciia may MDR thi cdng lap dat dudng s5t cd quan he khang khit vdi cac thdng sd ket cau khung may, vi vay viec xac dinh cac gia tri bien dang ket cau khung may MDR trong cac trudng hgp lam viec dien hinh bang phuang phap phan tir hiJu han (FEM) vdi sy trg giiip may tinh cho ta xem xet md hinh vdi nhieu yeu td theo dieu ki^n lam viec thyc te cua may tren cdng trudng.

Kit qua tinh toan do biin dang cOa mdt ben chan may theo chieu rgng giija hai banh xe khi dgt td vet la 15,8 mm cdn khi dgt ray la 20/2 = 10 mm cd trj sd phu hgp vdi thyc tl tren cdng trudng, tuang ting vdi ket qua do dac khi thyc nghiem may dat td v?t.

Tir md hinh tinh toan cimg chuang trinh Matlab dugc xay dyng, ta cd th8 thay ddi thdng so kit ciu may vd cac trudng hgp lam viec (sd td vet trong cum, tdc do di chuyen cita mdy ...) de xac djnh gia tri cac thdng sd hgp ly cho may, tao ca sd cho nghien ciru hoan thien may MDR.

Tai lieu tham khao

[ 1 ]. PGS. TS, Nguyin Binh va cdc cgng sy. Bdo cdo khoa hpc dl tdi '^Nghiin cuu thiet ki chi thu mdy dgt cdu ray MBR-01 di thi cdng tdng tren dudng sdt Viet Nam", md s6 B2008-04-84TD-DI tdi trpng dilm cdp Bp Gido due vd Ddo t^o.

[2]. PGS.7S, Nguyen Binh vd cdc cdng sy. Bdo cdo khoa hpc de tai "Nghien cuu hodn thien cdng ngh? Idfj ddt la vet BTCT DUL bdng mdy. dp dung thir nghiem tren tuyen dudng sdt Hg Long-Cdi Lan ", mS s6 DTI 14062 - De tdi KHCN cdp Bp Giao thong V|n tdi - ndm 2011.

[3]. TS Trdn Vdn Chiin. D^ng luc hpc mdy tryc. Nhd xudt bdn Hdi Phpng - 2005.

[4]. PGS. TS Nguyin Vdn Vinh. Bdi gidng dpng luc fipc may xdy dung. DH GTVT [5]. PGS. TS Nguyen Xudn Luu. Phuang phdp phdn tir h&u han. NXB GTVT.HN-2010

[6]. Marice Pelyt. introduction to Finite Element Vibration Analysis. CamBridge University Press-2010»

Phan bi€n: PGS. TS. Nguyin Binh

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