NGHIEN CUfU TRAO DOI
i" HIETKE CHE TAO THIET BILOC TINH MAT ONG lTAN/GICyVA THirc NGHIEM XAC OjNH CHE DO LAM VIEC CUA THIET Bl
DESIGNING MANUFACTURING HONEY FINE FILTER WITH 1 TON/H CAPACITY AND EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION
OF OPERATING REGIME
TS. Le Anh Dire', TS. Vu Kd Hoach^
'Trudng Dai hgc Ndng lam TP. Hd Chi Minh
^Trudng Cao ddng Ky thuat Cao Thdng
TOM TAT
Nghien ciru da thuc hien tinh todn thiet ke. che tgo. xdc dinh che dp Idm viec ciing nhu da xdc dinh cdc thdng so lam viec toi tru cua thiet bi Ipc tinh mat ong ndng sudt 1 tdn/gid. Thiet bi Ipc hoat dpng theo nguyen ly Ipc ep cd gia nhiet mat ong truac khi vao buong Ipc. Ket qud nghien cuu dd cho thay thiet bi lam viec on dinh, hieu qud cao, chat lupng mat ong dat tieu chudn Viet Nam vd tieu chudn xudt khdu.
Tit khda: Mat ong, Ipc tinh, tap chat, chi phi dien ndng rieng.
ABSTRACT
This study was performed to calculate, design, manufacture and definite the optimal operated parameters of a pure filter for honey filtration . The filter for honey filtration which operates on the principle of forced filtration and heated honey before entering the filter chamber The capacity of the filter is I ton/h. The results of production at the company shown the filter working stably, efficiently,
the honey quality meet Vietnam standards and export standards.
.vords: Bee honey, fine filtration, impurity, specific energy consumption.
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NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO 061
l . D ^ T V A N D E
Trong che bien mat ong, Igc tinh la khau khdng the thieu nham dam bao chat lugng mat.
Hien nay, tai cac nha may che bien mat ong frong va ngoai nude dang su dung eae thiet bi Igc mat ong theo phuang phap Igc tui vai, ly tam, hut chan khdng,...Loc theo nguyen ly Igc ep cd nhieu uu diem do mat dugc ep cuong buc qua ludi Igc nen tdc do Ige eiing nhu nang suat se cao hem so vdi cac phuang phap Igc mat ong khac. Ben canh dd, ed the giam kich thudc Id ludi de tang dp tinh khiet eua mat ma khdng lam anh hudng den kha nang Igc cua thiet bi do cd ap suat Ipc ep cao. Tuy nhien, eac thiet bi Ipc ep chat Idng ngoai nhap hien nay rat cdng kenh, phiic tap.
De giam dp nhdt cua mat ong, giup qua trinh Igc de dang ban, viee gia nhiet mat ong trudc khi dua vao budng Ipc la can thiet, ben canh do khi gia nhiet cdn cd tac dung quan frpng khac la diet cac nam men vi sinh ed hai frong mat nen giir dugc chat lupng mat va tang thdi gian bao quan. Vi vay, viec nghien cuu thidt bi Ipe tinh mat ong theo nguyen ly Ipc ep va cd gia nhiet mat ong trudc khi dua vao budng Ipc la phuang phap mdi va phu hgp nhu eau san xuat.
2. VAT LIEU VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN
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- Yen can mat ong sau khi Ipc tinh dat tieu chuan xuat khau, cu the la kich thudc tap chat Idn nhat cdn frong mat < 0,4 mm va ty le tap ehdt <
0,1%.
- Phuang phap tinh toan thidt kd: Dya fren cac tinh chat vat ly ciia mat ong, nang suat va yeu eau mat ong sau khi Ipc tinh.
- Phuang phap che tao; Chd tao dan chide theo timg hg ehi tiet dien hinh.
- Phuang phap thuc nghiem: Thuc nghiem da y6u td theo phuong phap bai toan "hop den".
Phuang trinh md ta quan he giiia cac ySu td cua
bai toan "hdp den" cd dang:
1=1 1=1 i=l,j>i
Trong dd: b^, b , b , b la cac he sd hdi quy dugc xac dinh bang thue nghiem.
- Xu ly sd lieu thyc nghiem theo phuong phap phan tieh phuang sai. Tdi uu hda theo phuong phap Lagrange: Chpn ham can tdi uu lam ham can tim cue tri: f(X|,...,xJ, ham cdn lai la ham rang budc: gi(X|,...,x^) = 0, (i = 1 : ra), sau dd tim eye tri khdng dieu kien cua ham F(x, X,).
3. K E T QUA NGHIEN CUtJ 3.1. Ket qua tinh toan thiet ke v^ che tao
Hinh 1: Md hinh thiet ke thiet bi loc linh mat ong 1 tdn/h
1) Bd trao doi nhiet; 2) Ong ddn mat; 3) Ndp; 4) Bd loc; 5) Cdm bien dp sudt; 6) Ong ddn mat thdnh
phdm, 7) Ong ddn mat vdo bd loc; 8) Khoa ndp;
9) Ddng co; 10) Bom mat
Nguyen ly boat dpng: bam cao ap (10) hiit mat tic bon chiia vao bd gia nhiet (1) qua ehiim ong (2). Bd frao ddi nhiet dan tilp thdng qua mdi chat frao ddi nhiet la nude. Nhiet do eua nude cd the cai dat va giam sat tu dgng, vi vay mat ong sau khi qua bd frao ddi nhiet se dat dugc nhiet do theo yeu cdu. Sau khi qua bd trao ddi nhiet, m$t ong dugc bom mat (10) ep ddy vao budng Ipc tinh (4) theo dudng dng (7). Ben frong budng Ipc tinh la bd ludi Ipe hinh try. Mat ong sau khi xuyen qua ludi loc duge dan ve bdn chua qua dudng dng dan (6). Thao ludi loc ve sinh va idy tap ehdt bdng each md ndp bd Igc (3).
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NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO DOI
Mot sd kdt qua tinh torn thiet ke thiet bi Ige tinh mat ong 1 tdn/gid:
+ Bd gia nhiet:
- Ong dan mat qua bd frao ddi nhiet (dang chum dng xoan rupt ga bang inox) bao gdm 8 dng, chieu dai mdi dng theo tinh toan la 16 met, dudng kinh 19 mm. Thung nude dai x rdng x cao
= 1000 X 600 X 650 mm. Nhiet dp nude theo thiet ke la 60''C. Nhiet do mat sau khi qua bd gia nhiet la 45°C. Cdng suat dien frd 12 kW. Cae dien frd dugc phan bd deu dudi day thimg, bao gdm 6 cay dien frd, cdng suat mdi cay 2 kW.
- Tdng frd lye cua mat ong khi di qua bd gia nhiet la 3249 N/m^
+ Bp Ige:
- Bp ludi Igc sgi dan bang inox, kich thude Id ludi la mesh 60 (tuong duang 0,25 mm). Dien tich ludi loc cdn thidt la 2 m^ dugc phan bd thanh 2 cum Igc vdi dudng kinh mdi bd ludi Ipc la 400 mm, dai 700 mm. Ap suat cao nhat frong budng Igc la 5 kg/em^ ap sudt nay dugc cai dat va giam sat bang cam bien ap suat.
- Budng Igc bao ben ngoai bd ludi Ipc ed dudng kinh 500 mm, dai 800 mm. Kk qua tinh bdn xae dinh dugc chidu day budng Igc 3 mm, chieu day cua budng Igc 6 mm.
- B a m mat dang bom banh rang, luu lugng va ap sudt b a m ed thd didu chinh. Luu lugng theo thiet ka la 12 lit/phut. Cdng sudt ddng co bam mat 5 HP.
3.2. Ket qua nghien cihi quy hoach thnc nghiem
Thiet bi loc dua vao khao nghiem de kiem fra kha nang lam viec va kiem tra cac ket qua tinh toan thiet ke. Ket qua cho thay cac thdng sd lam viec ciia bd frao ddi nhiet va bp loc dat yeu cau, phii hgp vdi cac ket qua tinh toan thilt k6. Nghien cuu tien hanh quy hoach thyc nghiem nhdm xac dinh sy anh hudng ciia cae thdng sd van hanh cua thiet bi Igc den cac chi tieu kinh te ky thuat cua thiet hi va chat lupng ciia mat ong sau khi Ipc.
3.2.1. Ket qud xay dung bdi todn "hgp den " mo id qud trinh nghien cuu
+ Cac thdng sd dau ra cua bai toan "hop den" dac trung eho myc dich nghien cuu bao gdm hai ehi tieu kinh te ky thuat quan frgng la chi phi dien nang rieng cho qua frinh Igc va chat lugng mat (ty le tap chat cdn frong mat sau khi da Igc).
+ Cae thdng sd dau vao cua bai toan "hop den": Can cu vao ly thuyet md hinh hda va muc dich nghien cuu, cae thdng sd dau vao bao gdm:
nhiet dp mat sau khi qua bd gia nhiet t ("C) va kich thudc lo ludi Ipc, M (mm).
t - M -
IM 1
Thilt bj Ipc m|it ong ' C
• A T
Hinh 3. Md hinh bdi todn "hop den " md td qud trinh nghien cuu
Bd tri thuc nghiem theo phuang an bac hai. Tdng sd thi nghiem la 13. Trinh tu thuc nghiem thuc hien theo phuang phap ngau nhien hoan toan.
Hinh 2: Thi4t bi loc tinh mat ong I tdn/h theo nguyen ly gig nhiet vd loc ep
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NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D O I
Bdng 1. Mirc vd khodng bien thien cdcySu td ddu vdo cua bdi todn "hop den "
Miic thuc nghiem +1,414
+1 0 -1,414
- 1
T(°C) 52 50 45 40 38
M (mm) 0,41 0,36 0,25 0,14 0,09 3.2.2. Kit qud thuc nghiem vd xu ly so lieu
- Phuang trinh md ta anh hudng cua T ("C) va M (mm) ddn ham Ar (kWh/t):
AT 21,7459 1,04081.T 10,2244.M 0,418182.T.M + 0,021225.T^ + 42,407.M^; (R^ = 0,995).
Khi thay ddi kich thudc Id ludi Ipe tir 0,1 mm - 0,4 mm ket hgp vdi cac miic nhiet dp mat khae nhau thi lugng tap chat eon sot lai frong mat thay ddi tir 0,014% - 0,067%. Ty le nay thip ban so vdi tieu chuan cho phep la 0,1%.
Tien hanh thuc nghiem theo ma fran da l^p. Phan tich phuang sai cho cac ham toan bac hai, kiem tra eac he sd hdi quy theo tieu chudn Student, sy phii hgp ciia md hinh theo tieu ehuan Fisher. Ket qua da xay dung dugc hai phuang frinh nhu sau:
- Phuong frinh md ta anh hudng eiia T {°C) va M (mm) ddn ham C(%):
C = 0,0880138-1,66871.10-IT-0,153956.M + 3,63636. 10-^T.M + 0,296443.M^; (R^ = 0,983).
Hinh 4: Quan heC-T-M
23 f-
^ 4 a
^ 4i T
" ^
loC)
4
Khi thay ddi nhiet do mat tir 38''C-52°C, ket hgp vdi cac mirc kich thudc Id ludi Ipe khac nhau trong pham vi eho phep thi chi phi dien nang rieng cho qua trinh Igc thay ddi tir 8,8 kWh/tdn - 19,3 kWh/tan. Nhu vay, khi thay ddi nhiet dp mat va kich thudc Id ludi Ige thi ehdt lugng mat va chi phi dien nang tang - giam frai nghich nhau.
AT 9 8
•se 1
^M 712 1 i^7
0 10 20 30 s'.anda'a zea eTects
40
Hinh 6: Cdc yeu to dnh hudng ham C
A T B.M
AA BB AB
• ^ ^ - t 6 r -
1 to.ra ' H - t0.3&
1 -3.63
WM S2i
t 20 40 60 80 100 standardized effecis
Hinh 5: Quan heAr - T- M
Hinh 7: Cdc ySu td dnh hudng ham Ar
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NGHIEN CtfU - TFJAO B6\
Ket qua phan tich bang dd thi eho thay kich thudc Id ludi Igc cd anh hudng quyet dinh den ty le tap ehdt trong mat sau khi Igc; nhiet dp mat trudc khi vao budng Ipc cd anh hudng quyet dinh den chi phi dien nang rieng cho qua trinh Igc.
3.3. Ket qua xay dmig va giai bai toan t6i im Xuat phat tu muc dich nghien ciiu, bai toan tdi uu duge lap fren co sd bai ham C va Ar dac trung cho cac chi tieu nghien efru, frong do ham muc tieu C — min va Ar — min; ham dieu kien: 1,414> T, M, >-1,414.
Ket qua giai bai toan tdi uu da mye tieu da xae dinh duge eac thdng so tdi uu la kich thudc lo ludi Ipc 0,22 mm; nhiet dp mat dua vao Igc 45''C.
cac chi tieu tdi uu: ty le tap chat cdn trong mat
< 0,03% va chi phi dien nang rieng eho qua trinh Ige 13,51 kWh/tdn.
3.4. Ket qua loc san xuat thir nghiem Vdi che do hoat ddng tdi uu cua thiet bi da tim dugc, tien hanh san xuat Igc thyc te tai doanh nghiep. Mdi me Ipc dugc ket thiic va thao bd Igc de ve sinh lay tap chat khi ap suat trong bd loc dat ap suat tdi da theo thiet ke la 5 kg/cm-^
3.0
•§ LB
• ? 1 5
^ OS
^ 16 - 03 C
' /
z^.i„,*-^
2 4 ti a 10 12 l U i gun 'n^yl
Hinh 8; Thay ddi cdng sudt cua bom mat
„ 5.0
i 30
« 10
< - ; ...::
•-*-
|- r , . j —
i 6 % ThJieuoingiv
10 I
Hinh 9: Thay ddi dp sudt trong budng loc
Hinh 8 va 9 cho thay cdng suat eua ddng ea bam mat va ap suat frong budng loc tang theo thdi gian loc. Sau thdi gian Igc 5 ngay (8 gid/
ngay), tuong duong 40 tdn mat thi cdng sudt ddng CO va ap suat trong budng Ige tang rdt nhanh so vdi cac ngay ddu. Nguyen nhan la do Idp tap ehdt dugc giO lai tai ludi Igc ngay cang day nen tao trd lye ngan can mat phan ly qua ludi Igc, vi vay lam tang ap suat cua qua trinh Igc, din dgn tang cdng suat cua bam mat. Nhu vay, de nang cao hieu qua cua thiet bi Igc, nen ve sinh bd Igc sau khi Ipe 40 tan mat.
Sau khi Ige dugc gan 90 tdn mat ong thi bd Ige dat ap suat tdi da theo thiet ke. Ket qua xet nghiem man khdng phat hien men vi sinh va ham lugng HMF phat sinh trong mat do qua trinh gia nhiet. Ty le tap chat cdn trong mat la 0,032%.
Do sang eua mat ong dupe cai thien, dat 86 mmPfund so vdi tnrde khi Ipc la 104 mmPftmd.
Chi phi dien nang rieng eho qua trinh loc 13,76 kWh/tan mat. Ket qua san xuat thir nghiem cho thay thiet bi boat ddng dn dinh, dat yeu can thiet ke, chat lupng mat ong dat yeu eau xuat khau.
4. KET LUAN
Nghien cim da tinh toan, thiet ke, che tao va khao nghiem thiet bi Igc tinh nang suat 1 tan/
gid theo nguyen ly loc ep cd gia nhiet mat ong trudc khi vao budng Ipc. Qua trinh gia nhiet mat trudc khi Igc vira ed tac dung giam dp nhdt cua mat, giiip qua trinh loc dien ra de dang hem; vira cd tac dung diet mot sd men vi sinh trong mat, lam tang chat lugng mat khi bao quan. Ket can cua thiSt hi nhd gpn, dem gian. Cac thdng sd hoat ddng cua thiet bi dugc cai dat, hien thi va giam sat tu dpng.
Ket qua quy hoach thyc nghiem da xay dung dugc cac phucmg trinh md ta su anh hudng eua cac thdng sd van hanh cua thiet bi Ipc den cac chi tieu kinh te ky thuat cua thiet bi va ehdt lugng ciia mat ong sau khi Igc. Nghien cuu eiing da phan tich su anh hudng cua cac thdng sd van hanh den hieu qua eiia qua trinh Ipc tinh mat ong. Cae ^
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NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO DOI
thdng sd hoat ddng tdi uu cua thidt bi da dugc xac dinh. Kdt qua san xudt thye td tai nha may cho thdy thiet bi lam vide dn dinh, hieu qua, chat lugng mat ong dat tieu chudn xudt khau.*>
Ngay nhan bai: 20/4/2014 Ngay phan bien: 16/5/2014 Tai lieu tham khao:
[1]. Abu-Jdayil B., Al-Majeed Ghzawi A., Al-Malah K.I.M., Zaitoun S., 2002. Heat effect on rheology of light and dark colored honey. J. Food Engin., 51, 33-38.
[2] Bui Hai (2008), Tinh todn thiit ki thiit bi trao doi nhiet, NXB. Khoa hpc va KJ thu|it Ha Noi.
[3]. Le Minh Hoang (2010), Nghien cim cong nghe va thiet bi che bien, bao quan cac san phdm ong m$t. De tai trong diem cap Nha nuoc, ma so KC07.19/06-10.
[4]. Nguyin Minh Tuyen (1987), Cac may lang loc va ly tam, NXB. Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Ha Npi.
[5]. Nguyen Canh (2005), Qui hoach thuc nghiem, NXB. Khoa hoc va Ky thuat Ha Ndi.
[6]. Nguyen Nhat Le (2001) Toi uu hda img dung NXB. Khoa hoc va Ky thuat.
[7]. The National Honey Board (US), 2004. Brief review of filtration methods.
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