Do ludt lao dOng ndn t u i i lao ddng nam Id 60 t u i i nhiiu hon 5 t u i i so vd'i nO- 55 t u i i . Vi t h i cDng c6 s y khic bidt ve tuoi dfri bj BNN d 2 gidi. nam Id 32 t u i l cao han nCr 31 t u i i . Cd su' khdc b i ^ v i t u i i ddi giO'a cdc nhdm ngdnh n g h i . Nhu- dd phdn tfch d trdn, vi cd s i iLTpng ddng id nu (86.9%) ndn t u i i dd-i bj DNN ngdnh Da gidy Id 31 ndm
Khi NLD ngdnh Da gidy Idm vi$c 1 ndm trong mdi t n / i r n g i n t h l t y l d D N N t a n g l d n 1 , 1 l i n , vd'i p<0.001.
Tudi ddi bl BNN ngdnh Da gidy Id 31 ndm. V i tuii dfi'i cua tirng gid'i vd'i phu-ang sai cd s y khdc bi#t ndn diing phdp kiim phi tham s6 Kmsal-Kwallis. T u i i ddi NLD nff ngdnh Da gidy Id 41 ndm. T u i i ddi NLB nam Id 32 ndm
KtT LUAN
Qua kiem tra thinh lyc 1800 NLB dang ldm vi$c trong ngdnh n g h i Da gidy cd t i i n g i n cao >85dBA cho thiy ty Id DNN Id t h i p 1,5%; nhu- vdy 66 NLB frong mdi trudng tieng i n cao v u p l mO'c md'i cd 1 bj DNN. Khi NLB lam viec tang thdm 1 ndm thi nguy ca biDNN tdng ldn 1^1 l i n .
Mt>c dp d nhiem tieng i n v u p l khd cao d' ngdnh Da gidy cd tJ Id s i d i i m on vd cu'd'ng dd v u p l muc Id (13.3% - 91dBA). Qua k i i m tra thinh lyc 1800 NLB dang Idm vide trong ngdnh n g h i Da gidy cd tiing i n cao >85dBA cho thiy, ty 1$ DNN Id 1,5%; nhu vdy cd 66 NLD d mdi trudng tiing i n cao v u p l mCFC thi cd 1 bjDNN. Khi NLD ldm vide tdng thdm 1 ndm thl nguy CO bj BNN tdng Idn 1,1 l i n .
TAI Lieu THAM K H A O
1, Nguyen Odng Quic Chin, Nguyin Hffu Khdi, BLII O^i Ljch (2005), " Danh gia sff bp tinh hinh b^nh DNN trSn d|a bSn TP HCM", Hpi nghj khoa hgc ky thugt ldn tiiii' 22. Tap chi y hoc TPHCM. tdp 9, s6 1, 2005. tr.
139-142.
2. Nguyen Dang Quoc Chin vd cdng sy (2009), Tinh hinfl BNN tai mgt sd nhi miy, xl nghidp cd tiing 6n cao (>a5dBA) t^i TP.HCM - Biin phip phdng ngda, de tdi dip Thdnh phi do Sd Khoa hpc cdng nghe ky theo
quyet ^ n h so 104/QD-SKHCN ngdy 24/3/2009. tr.49^7.
3. Pham Khanh Hda (1995). "Phdna ching diec vd nghenh ngang" Ndi San Tai Mui Hpng ^ chuydn di, H0i Tai Mui Hpng Vipt Nam.Ha Npi, thdng 5, tr. 48.
4. Ddng Xudn Hung (2000). Khio sit DNN d NLD mot si nlia miy det tai TPHCM, nghien cdu sin xuat nut tai chdng 6n bao vd thinh luc cho NLB, Ludn dn Tien sT Y hpc, DH Y Dupc TP.HCM, tr.34 -36, tr. 110-113. tr.
126-129.
^ 5. Ngd Ngpc Ugn (1983). "Bang tinh t i n thirong ca the trong giam dinh diic nghe nghidp". Tip san giam dinh Ykhoa 11/1983^tr. 51-57.
6. Ngo Nggc Lien (2001), "Anh hudng tiing i n den thinh lyc ngudi lao dpng nganh giao thong". Nil san Tai Mm Hgng, 4/2001, tr. 3-8.
7. Ngd Nggc Lien (2001), Thinh hpc dng dung, NXB Y Hgc, tr. 9-231.
8. Nguyen Thj Todn (1992)," Tim hilu thinh lyc cOa cdng nhan nha may xi mang Bim Son", Tip san y hpc lao ddng. tr 57-58.
9. Le Trung, Nguyin th\ Toan (2004). Chin doin benh DNN, Vidn Y Hpc Lao Dgng va Vp Sinh Mdi Trud'ng. Bg Y Te. tr. 2-40.
10. Tmng Tam Bag vd sffc khde lao ddng & mdi trudng TP.HCM (2006), Bio cio ting kit hoat 0ng, tr.
3-6.
11. Vipn Y Hpc Lao Dpng vd Vd Sinh Mdi Trudng (2003). Hai muoi mot BNN dugc bio hiim. NXB Y hgc, tr. 124-142.
12. Marques FP. da Costa EA (2006), "Exposure to occupational noise, otoacoustic emissions test alterations". Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol, May-Jun. 72(3), pp. 362-6.
13. Marshall L, Lapsley Miller JA, Heller LM (2001),
"Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions as a Screening Tool for Noise-Induced Heanng Loss", Wo;se Health. 3(12), pp 43-60.
14. Noise-induced hearing loss" J Acoust Soc Am, Jul, 120(1). pp. 280-96.
KHOANG TRONG GIQA NHU CAU VA SlTOUNG OjCH VU KHAM sure KHOE TIEN HON NHAN
T6MTAT
Nghiin edv nhim md ti sg khic bidt gida nhu ch vi thuc tr^ng khim sdc khde tiin hdn nhin Phuvng phip: Kit hgp nghidn cdu dinh lugng vi nghl6n cdu dinh tinh. Kit qui: Nhu ciu khim sdc khde tiin hdn nhin tmng nhdm phu nu nghidn cdu li kh6 cao (76,5% vi 86.5%) tmng khi dd ch! cd 8,3%,
"hOng phi,! nd tmng s6 dd di khim sue khde trudc khi cwW. Nhdng If do dugc dua m nhim giii thich
<^o khoing trdng ldn niy li vide thiiu thdng tin vi ((ich V{/ chSm sdc sue khde tiin hdn nhin, su- chd QUfl/j v^ cic vin di sdc khde vi sg e ng^l khi di cip
N G U Y I N THj THUY HANH - Trudng D?l hgc YHiN^i din vin di niy giira cip nam nd thanh niin sip thinh vgchdng...
Td khda: nhu ciu, khim sde khde tiin hdn nhin SUMMARY
THE GAP BETWEEN NEED AND USING THE SERVICES OF PRE-MARITAL HEALTH EXAMINATION
The study aims to describe the difference between premarital health examination need and maiity.
IVIethods: Combine qualitative study and quantitative study. Results: Health examination need in the gmup of studied women is high (76.5% and 86.5%) wheamas them is only 8.3% of them have pmmantal
V HOC THUC HANH (905) - S 6 2/2014
health examinations. Given masons for this huge gap is the lack of information on premarital health examination service, subjectivism about health problems and hesitation when the pmblem is mentioned between the couples before mamed
Keywords: need, premarital health examination.
DAT VAN Dt
Hdn nhdn cd vai trd quan trong trong ddi song ciia con ngud'i vd xd hdi. Cudc song gia dinh sau hdn nhdn cd on ^ n h , khde manh vd hanh phOc thi xa hdi cQng i n djnh vd phdt then. Khdm sue khde trude khi k i t hdn nliam dam bao cudc song hanh phOc cua vp' ching sau khi eudi. Khi va chong ket hdn cd sii'c khde ndi ehung va sii'c khde sinh san tot thi Idm giam ddng ke cde nguy ca trong qua trinh mang thai vd nhung dua eon sinh ra dugc khde manh, do vay md lam giam ty Id chet cua tre sa smh, ty Id chet me, ty Id chet cua tre em dudi 1 tuoi, hay Idm giam dup'c t j le tre suy dinh dud'ng n i u cac bd me cd kien thuc day du ve nudi con. Khdm sffc khde tru'dc khi k i t hdn nham giam dugc ty Id tre sinh ra bi dj t$t b i m sinh hay thiiu ndng tri tue, nd Id ndi dau khdng chi cua nhffng gia dinh cd tre bi benh hay dj tat ndi rieng ma cdn la gdnh nang cho xd hdi ndi chung. Viec khdm sffc khde trudc khi ket hdn nham phdt hien phdng ngffa vd hud'ng ddn dieu tri cac benh ly cd nguy ca anh hudng d i n sffc khoe khi k i t hdn. mang thai, sinh de, nudi con bang sffa me, cdc nguy ca sinh eon bj benh, tat bam sinh, gdp phan dam bao hdn nhan b i n vung va ndng cao chat luang giong ndi [1]. Khae vd'i nhieu quoc gia trdn the gidi thi tai Viet Nam vide kham sue khde tien hdn nhan (SK THN) chua duac quy djnh bd'i phdp ludt 12]. Hien nay cac dieh vu khdm SK THN nhdn ehua duae pho bien rpng rai. Trong mdt vdi nghien cffu da cho thay s y xuat hi^n nhu cau cham sdc sffc khde tien hdn nhan trong nhdm nhffng cgp vp" chong sdp ciFdi [3]. Chinh vi l;J' do dd nghien cffu ndy dup'c thuc hien vdi muc tidu' (1) M6 ta nhu c i u khdm sffc khde tien hdn nhdn trong nhdm phu nu k i t hdn nam 2009 - 2012 tai tai 2 xa PhO Linh va thj tran Sdc San, (2) Md ta thye trang khdm sue khde tien hdn nhdn cua nhdm phu nff trdn.
D O I TU'P'NG VA PHU'aNG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U 1. Ddi tico'ng nghien cu"u: Phu nff da ket hdn tff 1/2009 den 8/2012 tai xa PhCi Linh va thi tran Sdc San, huyen Sdc San
2. P h u a n g phap nghien c(j>u
* Thiet ke nghien cffu: nghien cffu md ta, k i t hgp nghien cffu dinh lugng vd nghien cffu dmh tinh.
* KJ thudt thu thdp thdng tin-
Phong van tryc tiep doi tugng nghien cffu dua vdo bp eau hpi phong v i n .
Ap dung each tiep cdn nhdn hpe de tham dd vd tim h i i u sdu van de
* Chpn mdu va cd' m l u :
Dinh lugng Theo cdng thffc ud'c tinh ed' mdu cho mdt ty le ca mdu tinh duac la 317, lay thdm 10% do doi tugng tff choi phdng van hay doi tuong vang mdt tgi thdi diem nghidn cffu, tong so c d mdu toi thiiu Id
349, ldm tf^n la 350. Lay m l u toan bd tai hai xd dd phdng v i n d u a c 362 phu nu".
Dinh ttnh: chon nhffng phy n u tiF nghien cuu dinh luang co di khdm SK THN va khdng di kham SK THN. chpn bo me cDa nhung cap va c h i n g trdn, cdn b d y te, cdn bd t m y i n thdng,...
K^T QUA
Nhu c i u khdm s i r e khoe t i i n hdn nhdn
* Nhu ciu kham SK THN cho chinh bin than Ba s i phy nff trong nghidn cffu deu cd nhu cau dugc khdm sffc khde trud'c khi cud'i (71.5% trudc khi cud'i vd tang len 86.5% sau khi cud'i).
28,5%
Bieu do 1. Nhu cau kham sffc khoe THN tai tho'i diem tru'O'c khi k i t hdn
Bi6u d6 2. Nhu cdu kham sifc khoe THN t^i thvi diem sau khi k i t hon
Qua bleu do 1 vd bieu do 2 thay rang nhu cau khdm SK THN Id kha cao ea tai thai diem ho chua k i t hdn vd thd'i d i i m sau khi ho dd k i t hdn. Nhu cau khdm SK THN tai thai diem sau khi ket hdn cOa nhffng phu nay cao han thd'i d i i m trudc khi hp ket hdn Bieu ndy tuang dong vdi nghien ciru dinh tinh.
Khi nhffng ngud'i phu nff ldp gia dinh, hp da cd nhffng trai nghidm eudc s i n g v g ching vd chffng kien cae van d i lidn quan d i n sffc khde cua ccn cai/nhung cap v g c h i n g khdc, hp cam nh$n rang viec khdm SK THN Id c i n thiet han luc ho cdn chua Idp gia dinh. Cd nhieu nguyen nhdn khien eho hp nghT d i n viec di khdm sffc khde trud'c khi kef hdn, Mdt vdi phu nff dl khdm sue khde trudc khi k i t hdn eho ring hp di kham vi s g sau ndy sinh con cd t h i bj dj tdt, vd hp khdm vd'i muc dich phdng benh cho nhffng dffa eon sau ndy L^ do nffa khien cho nhieu phy nff nghT den viec di khdm sffc khde trudc khi cudi Id hp muin chac c h i n rang minh cd kha nang sinh con, hay ndi ehinh xac han la ho muon khang dmh rang hp khdng bj vO sinh. Nhieu trudng hgp cud'i nhau roi khdng cd con Idm hp lo lang. vd'i hp nhffng dffa con Id sgi ddy gan k i t tinh cam cCia hai va chong. neu khdng cd con thi cude song gia dinh t h i i u hgnh phOc.
Vdi nhffng phu nff dd k i t hdn md trudc ddy khdng di khdm SKTHN thi g i n nhu t i t ca d i u mong muon n i u nhu dugc quay tra lgi thdi d i i m trudc khi cud'i vd hp se di khcim sue khde d i dam bao cho cupc s i n g gia dinh dugc t i t han. H i u h i t hp cho r^ng neu nhu khdm sffc khde trud'c khi cudi sd cd the biet tinh trang sue khde cua minh vd ban ddi, cd
Y HOC THVC HANH (905) - s 6 2/2014
thi chffa bi kip thdi hay phdng trdnh mdt s i bdnh khdc. Mdt s i nhffng ngudri phy nff ndy da bdy td r i n g hp cdm thSy t i i c vl dd k h i n g khdm sdc khde trudc khi kit hOn:"77i/ minh nghfli nd rit li ein thiit, ki ei biy gid. vl dg tnrdc nhu bgn chf thl thue ra mi nil thi kit hdn thl li nd cDng Idn tuii rdi thi nhung mi tnrdc minh cDng khdng hiiu biit lim ndn li de din biy gid minh mdi thiy li nd tiic f (T., 29 tuoi).
Nhu c i u di khdm SK THN, nhung khdng phdi t i t cd nhffng phy nff cd nhu c i u d i u di khdm SK THN, nhffng 1;^ do dugc dua ra Id vl hp cam t h i y khde, khflng cd du thdi gian di khdm. vl dieu kien xa khdng di dugc, hay cung cd t h i do hp sa ring di khdm cd thi din den Idm rdch mdng trinh, hodc s g mpi ngudi nghT khdng hay v i chinh ban thdn minh.
Bdn cgnh nhung ngudi thi,rc s y mong muon dugc khdm sffc khde trudc khi k i t hdn thi ed mdt s6 ngLrdi l^dc khdng cd nhu c i u ndy, thdm chi hp cho ring thanh nidn bdy gid khdng cd nhu c i u ve van di ndy.
Hp dua ra mdt s i ly do gidi thich cho vi$c khdng cd nhu c i u hay tham chi khdng nghT den vide khdm sffc khde trudc khi k i t hdn, dd Id hp khdng cd thing tin v i vi^c chdm sdc sffc khde t i i n hdn nhdn, hodc thdm chl hp khdng nghT d i n v i n d i ndy, khdng cd ai di khdm trudc day nen hp cho rdng van de ndy khdng quan trpng.
Tdm Igi, nghidn cffu cho t h i y nhu c i u khdm SK THN khd cao. Hp mong m u i n dye b i i t tinh trang sffc kh6e cOa minh vd ddc bi$t Id sue khde cua nhffng Sda con trong tuang lai. Tuy nhidn thi nhu c i u ndy d m5i ngudi Id khdc nhau, vd chinh vi vdy md nhffng cSch thuc tim kiem djch vy hay sff dyng dich vy cQng rit khdc nhau. Nhung nhin chung, da p h i n hp m u i n khdm d i c h i c c h i n ring hp khde manh vd cd t h i sinh con. Bdn cgnh nhffng phy nff r i t cd nhu c i u trong vi$c chdm sdc sffc khde trudc khi cudi thi cd mflt bij phdn khdng nghT d i n vi$c ndy.
* Nhu ciu dugc biet tinh hinh sue khde cua ngudi b^n ddi tuong lai
Ngodi nhu c i u chdm sdc sffc khde cho ban thdn vfi nhffng dffa tre trong tuang lai thi nhffng phy nu trong nghidn cffu cdn bdy td nhu c i u muon biet dugc tinh trgng sffc khde ngudi ching tuang lai cua hp Tgi thdi diim trudc khi k i t hdn. nhffng ngudi phy nff ndy muin ching tuang lai cOa hp Idm nhffng xet nghidm ca bdn v i mdu d i trdnh nhffng b$nh Idy truyen nhu HIV, vidm gan B, hay thdm chi hp cdn m u i n nhffng nguW c^ing tuang lai Idm xdt nghipm tinh djch do d l chSc chin rang hp se cd nhffng dffa ccn vdi nhau.
Bdn cgnh dd, gia dinh, b i mg vd ngudi thdn cua nhffng phy nff ndy cOng mono muon biet duac tinh tr?ng sffc khde cua ngudi chuan bi Id mdt thdnh vidn trong gia 3\nh:'N6l th$t vdi chi H ldc diy thl bd m?
m vdi bin nhi em bio li di kiim tm xem thi nio vl bi /np cff thiy anh iy giy giy. Bdi vt thiy thd nhit li nhi chl cd mdt minh anh iy thdi, vdi thd hai ii thiy anft iy cd giy giy thi nin mpi ngudi eu nghT li anh iy. sg bi binh gl hay li bi lim sao diy" (N., 22 tudi).
Khfing chi ridng nhffng ngudi phy nff vd gia dinh
cua cd ta m u i n biit tinh trgng cua ngudi bgn ddi tuang lai md ngugc lgi cQng cd nhffng gia dinh mong m u i n biet dugc tinh trgng sffc khoe con ddu tuang lai cua hp, dac bidt Id v i n d i sdc khoe sinh sdn, hp muon c h i c chan r i n g ngudi con ddu dd cd t h i sinh chdu ndi cho hp.
Nhffng phu n u ndy cd mong m u i n biit dugc sffc khde ngudi bgn ddi tuang lai nhung khdng ddm bdy to, hp lo sg rang ngudi bgn trai-ngudi ching s i p cudi se nghi ngd vdo tinh cdm cua hp, hPdc dp hp e nggi v i n de nay vl v i n d i duac dua ra cdn r i t t i nhj, hay ho t y cho rang n i u cd de cap van de ndy vdi ching sap cudi thl ching cQng khdng di. 'Thit m li minh nghT li anh rit dn phii khim, nhung mi ldc diy cung e ngai nda chi nin li khdng dim, ngiy xua minh ydu nhau khdng nhu biy gid diu, minh d qud nda nin minh hd tue lim" (H., 27 tuil).
Ket qua nghien cffu djnh ttnh da chi ra ring h i u h i t t i t ca nhffng phy nff trong nghidn cffu d i u mong muin biet duac tinh trang sffc khde cua ching s i p cudi. Tuy nhien, mong m u i n Id t h i , nhung khdng phai ngudi phy nff ndo cOng bdy td v i n d i ndy vdi chong sap cudi ciJa hp. hp sg m i t niem tin vdp tinh ydu, hp ngai. hoac hp nghT ring cd ndi thi ching cung khdng di.
* Thuc trang si> dt^ng dich vu khim sue khde den hdn nhin
Ket qua nghien cffu cho thiy ty 1$ di khdm sffc khde t i i n hdn nhdn cua nhffng phg nff da k i t hdn tgi xd Phu Linh vd thj t r i n Sdc San huy$n Sdc San Id 8,3%. Cdn Igi 91,7% phy nff tgi-ddy khdng di khdm sffc khde t m d c khi k i t hdn,
B A N LUAN
K i t qua nghidn cffu dd cho t h i y nhu c i u khdm sffc khde t i i n hdn nhdn khd cao trong khi ty Id nhffng ngudi phu nd di khdm Igi r i t thip.
Nhffng ngudi phy nff dd k i t hdn cd nhu c i u khdm cao han so vdi nhffng nhdm phy nu khdc mdc du hp dd khdng di khdm tnj'dc khi k i t hdn, nhung khi hp cd nhffng trai nghidm v i cudc sing gia dinh thi hp mong muin duac khdm n i u nhu hp duac quay lai khodng thdi gian trudc khi k i t hdn. K i t qua ndy tuang ty vdi nghidn cffu cua D i Ngpc T i n khi v i nhu c i u khdm sffc khde tien hdn nhdn [4]. Nghidn cffu cua Dd Ngpc T i n chi ra rdng phin ldn nhffng d i i tugng trong dd tuoi k i t hdn d i u eho Id vide khdm sffc khde tiin hdn nhdn la rat can thiet [4] Mdt sd nghien cffu khdc cOng cho ket qua tuang tu, nhu nghign cffu cua Luang Kim Phuc vd Nguyen Hai Y i n tgi Hd Nam cho thiy nhu c i u khdm sffc khde t i i n hdn nhdn Id khd cao [3], [5]
Nghidn cffu ndy dd chi ra ring cd khoang tring Idn giffa nhu cau vd thyc trgng khdm sffc khde trudc khi k i t hdn Trong khi da s i phy nff cd nhu c i u khdm sffc khde tien hdn nhdn nhung thyc t i chl cd 8,3% dd khdm sffc khde t i i n hdn nhdn t m d c khi hp k i t hdn.
Tuy nhien. ty \$ phy nff dugc khdm SKTHN trong nghidn cffu ndy cdn cao hon trong mdt nghidn cffu tgi Hd Nam ndm 2012 td 5 6% [5].
Cd r i t nhieu ly do dugc dua ra d i gidi thich cho
V HOC THUC HANH (905) - S 6 2/2014
"khoang tring" giua nhu c i u va thyc trang khdm sue khde tien hdn nhdn, dd id nam nff thanh nidn "ngai" di khdm do cdc yeu to vSn hda, chu quan v i sffc khde cua minh, s y tin tudng trong tinh yeu, dieu kidn kinh t i cung nhu s u han che ve thdng tin vd djeh vu [6].
K^T LUAN
Sy khac biet Idn giffa nhu' cau du-gc cung cap dich vu khdm sffc khde tien hdn nhdn vd thyc trang sff dyng djch vy dgt ra cdu hdi cho ede nhd nghien cffu vd hoaeh djnh chinh sdch y t i de lap dugc khang trong ndy.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Thu tudng Chinh phu (2011). Quyit ^ n h s i 2013/QD-TTg ngdy 14 thang 11 nam 2011 cCia Thu tudng Chinh phii - Chien lugc din so va sffc khoe sinh san giai doan 2011-2020.
2. Quic hpi nudc Cdng hda xa hdi chu nghta Vipt Nam (2000). Luat hdn nhdn va gia dinh.
3. Luang Kim Phiic (2013). Nhu ciu eham soc sdc khoe Sin hdn nhin tai xa Kim Binh huyen Kim Bang b'nh Hi Nam nam 2012.
4. Dd Ngpc T i n (2004). Danh gid k i t qua triin khai md hinh kiem tra sffc khde vd t u v i n t i i n hon nhan tai Hung Yen va Hue. Dan s6 va phit triin.
5. Nguyin Hai Y i n (2013). Thgc trang sd dung dich vu eham sdc sdc khoe tien hdn nhan vi mdt s6 yeu to lien quan cda phu nu kit hon nam 2009 - 2012 tai 4 xa huydn Kim Bang tinh Ha Nam.
6. Le Thj Ma (2013). fl/lpt sd yiu td khd khin tmng viec tiip c$n va su dung dich vu cham sdc sdc khoe tiin hon nhan cua phu nd t^i xa Kim Btnh huydn Kim Bang tinh Ha Nam nam 2012.
NGHIEN CUfU OAC DIEM CAN THj HOG DIIVNG Of HOC SINH TIEU HOC VA TRUNG HOC C0 sh HA NOI NAM 2009
VU TH! THANH*, DOAN HUY HAU**, HOANG THj P H O C * * *
* Binh vien Mat Hi Ndi; ** Hpc vien Quin y; *** Benh vien Mat TW
TOM T A T
Muc dich nghien cuu: Khio sit tf Id tit khdc xa cda hoc sinh tai thinh phd Ha Ndi Phuong phip quan sit phin tich, cat ngang. Nghidn cdu trdn 6.184 hQC sinh (3.222 nam va 2.962 nu) tieu hoc vi tmng hoc co sd td 6-15 tuoi d 04 quin, huydn d Hi Ndi nim 2009. Kit qua nghien'cuu cho thay tf Id can thi li 33,7% (khdc xa ciu tuang dirang: >- 0,75D). Tf Id c$n thi d hQC sinh nu (35,0%) cao han hoc sinh nam (32,5%), (p<0,05). Tf le can thi d hoc sinh quin Ba Dinh (42,3%,), quin Thanh Xuin (41,0%) vi huyen Tu Liem (44,3%) cao han so vdi huydn Ddng Anh (18,8%), (p<0,001).
Tdkhda: T$t khdc xa, can thi.
SUMMARY
Aim- to study the prevalence of mfractive error of school children at Hanoi Methods: cross - sectional and pmspectlve study in 2009. The study carry out on 6.184 children (3.222 males, 2.962 females) from primary and secondary schools, of 4 districts in Hanoi, aged 7 -15 years. Results: the prevalence of myopia (SE at least - 0.75D): 33,7%. The mte of myopia in female children (35.0%) were than male children (32.5%), (p <0.05). The rate of myopia In Ba Dinh district (42.3%), Thanh Xuan district (41.0%) and Tu Liem (44.3%) were higher than the Dong Anh distnct(18.8%), (p<0.001).
Keywords: l^efmctive error, myopia.
BAT V A N B e
Tdt khOc xa ndi chung, cdn thi hoc dudng (CTHB) ndi rieng dang ngdy cdng tang, la moi quan tam eua tffng gia dinh vd toan xa hdi [1], [9], [12]. Cdn thj hpc
dudng Idm anh hu'dng den sue khde vd kha nang hpc tdp, smh hogt cua hpc sinh [2], [14]. (3 Vidt Nam, CTHB da_duac chCi </ tff nhffng nam 1960, nhung d i n nay vdn ehiem ty le khd cao vd ed xu hudng tdng nhanh, khdng chi d khu vuc thdnh thi md d ca khu vuc ndng thdn [3], [4], [5]. [7].
Be gdp p h i n ndng eao hieu qua cua chuang trinh phdng ching cdc b^nh hpc dudng. cdng trinh duac t i i n hdnh nham muc tieu. "Md ta die diim cin thj hgc dudng d hgc sinh tieu hgc va trung hgc eo so Hi Noi nam 2009 ".
D6\ TU'ONG VA PHU-ONG P H A P NGHIEN CLTU 1. Ddi tu'p'ng nghien ciPU
G i m 6.184 HS (3.222 nam vd 2.962 nu) t i i u hoc vd trung hpe ca s d (THCS) t u 6- 15 t u i i d 04 qudn, huy^n d Hd Ndi Id Ba Dinh, Thanh Xudn, Tff Liim vd Bdng Anh.
2. Phuang phdp nghien cu'u
- Thiet ke nghien cffu' Md ta cat ngang cd phdn tieh
- C d m i u nghidn cffu dugc tinh theo cdng thffc md ta c i t ngang, udc tinh id 5.780 HS Thyc t i dd nghien cuu 6.184 HS.
- Khdm mat, do thi lyc vd thu kinh xdc djnh TKX (cdn thi, v i i n thi, loan thj) cho t i t ca HS theo danh sach da ehpn. Bo khiic xa bdng mdy khOc xg ty ddng
- Mat dugc coi Id cdn thj Khi khuc xa c i u tuang duang (KXCTB) £- 0,75D). Ngudi dugc coi id c$n thj khi cd mdt mat hoac ca hai mdt cdn thi
So lidu dugc x u if theo phuang phdp thing kd y sinh hpc bdng p h i n m i m SPSS 13.0.
Y HOC THUC HANH (905) ~ s 6 2/2014
