CONG TAC KIEM SAT
GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LVONG, HIEU QUA HOAT OONG HOI CUNG B! CAN
CUA KIEM SAT VIEN
L £ VAN QUANG*
Kiim sdt vien pbai tryc tiip hoi cung bi can trong trudng hop bi can keu oan, khiiu nai hoat d$ng dieu tra hoac co can CIT xac dinh vif c dieu tra vi pb^m phdp lu^t hoac trong tnrdmg hpp khdc, khi xet thay cin tbiet. Bai viet niu lin m$t so van de can chii y vd giai pbdp di ndng cao chat luQUg, hiiu qua hoait dong hoi cung b{ can cua Kiem sat vien.
Tir khoa: Kiem sdt vien; hoi cung bi can.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 17/4/2019; ngdy bien tap xong: 26/4/2019; ngdy duyet bdi:
09/5/2019.
Bd luat Td tung hinh sy (BLTTHS) nam 2015 cd nhieu quy dinh liin quan din chil the diiu tra, ehu the thuc hanh quyen edng td (THQCT) va kiem sat diiu tra (KSDT) vy an hinh sy. Bp luat nay da thay ddi theo hudng tang cudng traeh nhiim cdng td eiia Kiem sat viin (KSV), md rdng tham quyin cho KSV nham nang eao chat lugng THQCT vd KSDT vu an hinh sy khdng lam oan ngudi vd tpi, bd Ipt tpi pham. Dac bift, tai khoan 4 Diiu 183 BLTTHS nam 2015 quy dinh trong trudng hgp bi can kiu oan, khieu ngi hoat ddng dieu tra hoac cd
can eii xde dinh vifc dieu tra vi phgm phap luat hoae trong trudng hgp khdc, khi xet thay can thiet thi bat bupc KSV phai trye tiip hdi cung bi ean.
Nhu vdy, tam quan trpng cua bifn phdp hdi eung bi can dd Id mdt bifn phdp dieu tra cdng khai, tryc difn ddi vdi ngudi ed dau hieu tdi phgm, nham xae dinh toan bp sy that vi hanh vi pham tdi eita hp vd cua ddng pham, eiing nhu nhiing van de can thiet khac ma bi can
• r/j^c si Pho Vi$n tniong Vi^n kiim s^f nhan dSn huy$n L6c Ninh, tinh Binh Phu^.
I Tap chi
2 8 1 KIEM SAT_ / So 15(thmg 8/2019)
biet, la bien phdp nghifp vy khdng thi thiiu dugc trong cdng tdc phdng ngira va diu tranh phdng, chdng tpi pham cua ede ca qnan tiin hdnh td tung; ddng thdi. Id mpt khau rit quan trpng trong hogt dpng td tung hinh sy.
1. Mdt so van di can chu y khi Kiem sdt viin hdi cung bi can
Thuc tiin boat ddng hdi cung ciing ndy sinh nhieu khd khan, phue tgp.
Thdng thudng, ngudi pham tdi, nhat Id tpi pham ve ma tuy, budn lau cd nhiiu thu doan tinh vi, xdo quyft. Ddi vdi tdi phgm vi ma tiiy thi viic khai bao nhu the ndo khi bi bat da duge cdc ddi tugng phgm tpi ehuan bi ky. Ldi khai trung thuc, diy dii cua bi can la chimg cii rat cd gia tri; nguge lgi, ldi khai gian ddi, bia dgt eiia bj can lgi rat nguy hiim vi cd the Idm cho KSV hdi cung nhan dinh sai sy that, bd Ipt tgi phgm, Idm oan ngudi vd tdi, gdy tdn that cho xa hpi vd uy tin ciia Ngdnh. Theo dd, tam quan trpng vd tinh chat phuc tap cua hoat ddng hdi eung ddi hdi KSV khi hdi cung bi can ngodi lap trudng, quan diem viing vang, cd pham chat dgo diic trong sgch, cdn phdi nam viing quy dinh phdp luat, nguyin tac, phuang phdp vd chiin thuat hdi eung, ddng thdi, phai kiin tri, bin bi, linh hoat vd muu tri mdi mong thu dugc thang lgi. Do do, trudc khi hdi eung bi can, KSV can nam vung mdt sd cac budc ca ban sau:
Thic nhdt, tmoc khi hdi eung, KSV phdi tien hanh nhiing diiu kifn can thiit phue vu cho hogt dpng hdi cung dugc
dien ra thugn Igi nhu nghiin eiiu hd sa vu an va eae tai lifu khac cd liin quan din vu an, bao gdm: Nhiing tai lifu, ehung cii da thu thap dugc tir biin phdp dieu tra nhu: Bien ban khdm nghiim hiin trudng, bien ban kham xet, bien ban lay Idi khai eiia ngudi 1dm ehiing, hi hai, kit qua gidm dinh...; nhung tai lifu khac cd lien quan nhu: Trich luc tiin dn, tiin sy, hd sa, tdi lifu ve nhiing vy an do bi can da gay ra trudc dd, nhiing tai lifu thu thap duge tir nhiing bifn phdp trinh sat, phdn dnh mdi quan he mang tinh chat tpi phgm cua bi ean, nhiing bieu hifn nghi van cua hi ean trudc, trong vd sau khi gay dn; nhung tdi lifu, chirng cii thu thgp dugc ve nhiing vu an chua dugc diiu tra, khdm phd md KSV cd co sd xac dinh bi can cd liin quan. De Iam rd qua trinh nghien ciiu, KSV can tdng hgp, phdn loai tai lifu, can eii theo y nghTa tung loai tai lieu, chimg cu ddi vdi vife hdi eung, ddng thdi, can ddi chieu, so sdnh, tim ra nhiing man thuan niu ed.
Thic hai, KSV can nghiin ciiu nhan than cua bi can nhu nghiin cum nhung dae diim rieng vi mat xa hOi hoac cd y nghTa vi mgt xa hpi cua bi ean, cy thi:
Tudi, gidi tinh, nghe nghifp, dn tich (tai pham, tai phgm nguy hiim...), trinh dp van hda, thdi dp, nhiing tdi lifu vi nhan than, KSV cd the thu thdp va nghien eiiu qua hd so vy an, trich luc tien an, tiin sy cua bi can.
Vi dy: Trudc khi hdi cung bi can tirng cd tiin an, riin sy thi KSV cin phdi ndm virng nhiing tinh tiit nhu: Thdng qua
So15(thang&2019)\
T a p chi
_KIEMSAT I 2 9
CONC TAG KIEM SAT
cdng tdc quan ly hd sa, KSV c i n phdi dpc ky trich Iyc t i i n an, t i i n su cua bi can da bi xii ly trudc ddy; thu thap Idi khai cda nhung ngudi Idm chiing, dae bift Id ngudi than eiia bi can, nhirng ngudi timg lam vifc, sinh sdng vdi bi can d i lam rd eac mdi quan h i cua bi can de xdc dinh nhirng van d i can 1dm ro trong qua trinh hdi cung.
Thic ba, KSV phdi lap k i hogch bao gdm: Xdc dinh van d i c i n 1dm rd trong qud trinh hdi cung, nhiing van d i phai chiing minh trong vu an hinh sy nhu eac tinh tiet md bi ean b i i t liin quan d i n vy dn, cd the la cdc tinh t i i t xac dinh cdc yeu td cdu thanh tpi phgm, tinh tiet ve nhan than ngudi pham tpi, nhiing tinh t i i t tang nang, giam nhe trach nhifm hinh sy eua bi can, tinh tiet xdc dinh tinh chat, miic dp cua thift hai do hanh vi phgm tdi gay ra, nguyen nhan va dieu kien phat sinh tpi phgm va nhiing tin tiie, tai lifu cd y nghTa trong v i i c d i i u tra, phdng ngira tdi phgm; du kien cau hdi dugc dua ra de bi can tra ldi, nhiing van d i can lam rd trong qua trinh hdi cung va nhiing tdi lifu, chiing eii da thu thdp duge ve vy an va hanh vi phgm tdi eua bi can; tren e a sd nhiing dy kien ehien thuat hdi eung trong timg tinh hudng cd t h i xdy ra nhu: Bi ean thdnh khan khai bdo, tir ehdi khai bao, khai bdo gian ddi...
Thu tu, khi hdi eung bi can, KSV c i n binh tinh lang nghe ldi trinh bay cua bi can; sau do, t r i n c a sd tai lieu, chirng cii da cd de dua ra nhiing cau hdi Idm ro dieu kifn, hoan cdnh bi can phgm tdi;
y i u cau bi can d u a ra nhung chimg c\x de chiing minh cho ldi khai eiia bi can Id cd CO sd. N i u n h u Idi khai cua bi can mau thudn vdi n h u n g chung cii da ed thi KSV can gido due, thuyit phye, sir dyng mau thuan, su dung nhiing chiing cii d i u tranh tryc d i i n vdi bi can theo ke hogch da vgch ra budc bi can khai bdo dung sy that.
Trong tradng hgp bi can la ddi tugng pham tgi giet ngudi, ngoai ra cdn cimg ddng pham gay ra nhieu vy cudp tdi san;
tuy nhiin, khi hdi eung thi bi can khdng khai ra ddng pham. Gap tinh hudng nay, KSV can phdi giao dye, thuyit phyc d i bi can c h u y i n b i i n nhan thiic, tii dd lam thay ddi thai do khai bao cua bi can.
Theo dd, KSV phdi n g h i i n ciiu, nam chac t i t ed nhung tai lieu, chimg cii da thu thap dugc ve vu an, hdnh vi phgm tdi eua bi ean va ddng phgm, nhung dge d i i m v i nhan than eiia bi ean, nhdt Id nhiing dae d i i m v i tam ly eua bi can, thdi quen cua bi can, hoan eanh gia dinh, mdi tnrdng gido due, dieu kifn va hodn cdnh pham tpi, tinh chat va hanh vi pham tdi eua hi ean gay ra. Trin c a sd dd, xac dinh nhirng npi dung b i i n phdp gido dye, thuyit phuc ddi vdi bi ean nhu: Hdi bi can cd can su giup d a gi cua KSV hay khdng? KSV chi cho bi can t h i y hdnh vi cua bi ean la dae biet n g h i i m trpng, nhung d trong hoan cdnh nay su sdm hoi vdn khdng bao gid mudn, KSV chi cho bi can t h i y nhiing hgu qua pham tdi eua bi can vd dong phgm gdy ra cho nhirng ngudi bj hai va cho gia dinh bi hai, qua
I Tapchi
3 0 I KIEM SAT_ / S o 15 (thang 8/2019)
dd Iam cho bj ean t h i y an ndn hdi cai;
KSV chi cho bi can t h i y r i n g c i n t h i i t phdi gidp da dong pham d i tranh eho ddng phgm nhiing sai l i m nghiem trpng tiip tye xay ra, dan den hau qud nhu bi can phdi gdnh chiu ngdy hdm nay. D e giiip dd ddng phgm, cdch tdt nhat la bi can ein thdnh khan khai bdo ve ddng phgm; KSV can khci ggi d bi can v i nhiing tinh cam gia dinh, ngudi than, bgn be cua bi can v i nhung ky nifm, nhiing vifc lam tdt dep trudc day bi can da cd hogc thdng qua ngudi uy tin, ngudi than ciia bi can nhu cha, me, vg, con... de hp tryc tiep tac ddng den bi can, de bi can thdnh khan khai bdo.
Khi tien hanh hdi cung, n i u cd dii can cii d i xac dinh bi can cd thdi dp mong mudn khai bdo sy that, KSV cd t h i yeu can bi can viet ban t y khai. Trong qua trinh bi can viit bdn tu khai, KSV khdng dupe dua ra cau hdi, trii trudng hgp KSV thdy bi can khai lan man ve nhiing tinh tiet khdng cd y nghTa ddi vdi hogt ddng diiu tra. Khi dd, KSV se d i nghi bi can khai vao nhiing tinh t i i t cd y nghTa ddi vdi hogt ddng d i i u tra. K i i m sdt vien can ghi lai nhiing gi c i n phai chti y vdi Idi khai cua bi ean va nhiing cau hdi dgt ra cho bi can trd ldi sau ndy. Bdi vi, thuc tien diiu tra cac vy an hinh su eho thiy, thdng thudng bi ean sau khi bi phdt gidc hoac bi b i t giii cd ngudi nhan tpi ngay nhung sd nay rat it, p h i n idn cdc ddi tugng khdng nhgn hoac khdng chiu khai hit su that. Theo chiing tdi, n g u y i n nhan chii y i u Id do tu tudng, chi khi nao trong
tu tudng hp nhgn t h i y c i n phdi khai vd khai h i t thi khi dd bi can mdi chiu khai h i t sy that. Cdn neu tu tudng eiia bi can chua t h i y c h u y i n b i i n d i n miic dd, thi dii ehiing ta cd diing cdch nay hay each khac, k i cd dua ra chiing cii, vgch ra mau thuan thi ciing chi khai thdc duge mpt vai diem bi can khdng dii sire d i che giau. Tham chi, ed tradng hgp gian doi, hoae bia ra, gay rac rdi hoac lam Igc hudng eiia KSV. N h u vgy, mudn bi ean thanh k h i n khai bdo thi KSV phai gidi quyet tdt tu tudng cua bi can, 1dm c h u y i n bien y nghT tir chd khdng mudn khai hoae chi mudn khai mpt phdn d i n chd khai h i t su that.
2. M 9 t so giai p h d p ndng cao c b i t Itrgng, hifu q u a b o a t ddng hoi cung bj can cua K i i m sat v i i n
Thic nhdt, KSV khi duge phan cdng THQCT vd KSDT ede vu an hinh sy phdi xac dinh dugc vai trd, vi tri cua minh theo quy dinh eua BLTTHS; chu ddng n g h i i n ciru hd so, tai lifu trong vu an, ddnh gid v i nhiing tdi lieu, ehiing cu da thu thap, viec thu thap cae tdi lieu ciia C a quan dieu tra cd dung trinh tu, thii tye td tyng hay khdng? Xae dinh nhung van de ehua d u g c lam ro, nhiing van de cdn mau thuan, nhiing van de edn bd ngd can phai t i i p tuc dau tranh vdi bi can. Nam rd npi dung, d i i n b i i n cua vy an, dac diem vat chumg da thu giii; thu doan thye hien hanh vi phgm tdi va p h u a n g thiic che g i i u tdi phgm eiia bi can. Kiem sat v i i n e i n phdi nam ro nhung thdng rin ve Iai lich cua bi can, ve nhiing mdi quan he
S6l5(thang8/2019)\
Tap chi _KI£MSAT 1 31
CONC TAG KIEM SAT
gia dinh, quan hi xa hpi, quan hf vdi cdc ddi tugng trong dudng ddy tdi phgm; xac dinh vai trd cua bi ean trong vy an di KSV xay dyng npi dung ki hoach tiin hdnh hdi cung.
Thu hai, khi tiin hdnh hdi eung bi can, KSV phdi ludn thdn trpng trong nhung trudng hgp bi ean nhdn tdi, cdng nhu cdc tradng hgp bi ean khdng nhan tdi, khdng khai bdo hanh vi phgm tpi, ddng thdi keu oan. Khi bi can nhgn tpi thi nhiing ldi khai ciia bi can cd phu hgp vdi Idi khai cua nhung ngudi lam chiing, bi hai, vat chiing da thu giii trong vy an hay khdng? Ddi vdi nhiing bi can khdng nhgn tdi thi ciing phai xac dinh nguyin nhan khdng khai bdo cdc chiing cir chirng minh nham bupc tpi hi ean ed du can cii khdng? Cd dam bdo tinh khach quan ddi vdi cae chiing cii di dua ra budc tdi bi can khdng?
Thic ba. KSV phdi nang cao trach nhiim trong vifc tiip nhdn, giai quyet va kiim sat vife gidi quyet eac td gidc, tin bao vi tpi phgm vd kiin nghi khdi td ddi vdi tirng vu an ey thi di nhanh chdng va tryc tiep nam duge ngay tu dau ndi dung su vifc, danh gia dugc diing dan nhiing dau hiiu tdi pham, ed nhung yiu can diing ddi vdi viec giai quyet. Vifc trye tiep nghien ciru hd sa vu an cua KSV trong khdi td vu dn, khdi td bi can la de nam viing ndi dung vu dn vd hdnh vi pham tpi eiia bi ean; cdc chiing eii budc tpi, gd tpi; cdc tinh tiet tang nang, giam nhe trdch nhiim hinh su; dp dung eae
diiu, khodn eua Bp lugt Hinh sy. Do vay, trade khi hdi cung bi can, KSV phai nghien ciiu diy dd vd ky cae ldi khai, ban cung cua bi can, bi hgi, ciia nhiing ngudi tham gia td tung khdc vd cdc tai lieu, chiing eii liin quan den vy an di xay dyng ban ki hoaeh trade khi hdi cung bi can.
Thu tu, trade khi lin ki hogch hdi eung bi can, Lanh dao dan vi, Lanh dgo Vifn phdi yiu ciu KSV bao cdo eu thi, chi tiit npi dung cua vy dn, eua tdng chung cir, eac ehiing cii budc tpi, chiing eii go tpi, cae tinh tiit tang nang, giam nhe trach nhifm hinh sy di lanh dao, ehi dgo chi tiit tirng van di trong ke hogch hdi cung bi can, nham dam bao bdn hdi cung bi can eua KSV dat kit qua vd cd nhung biin phdp khac phyc nhiing khd khan, vudng mac trong qua trinh gidi quyet vu an, trdnh trudng hgp bd Ipt tpi pham vd lam oan ngudi khdng pham tdi.
Thic ndm, Vifn kiem sat nhdn dan tdi cao edn tang cudng xay dyng eac chuang trinh bdi duang, md cac Idp bdi duong chuyen sau ve hdi cung bi can cho KSV di nam viing ky nang cua KSV khi hdi eung bi can.n
Tki li^u tham kh&o:
1. Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dai bieu toan quoc lan thit XII ciia Dang;
2. BQ luat To tung hinh sir nam 2015;
3. Quy chg tam thai vS cong tac THQCT, KSDT cac vy an hinh sir Ban hanh kem theo QuySt dinh so 03/QD-VKSTC ngay 29/12/2017 cua Vifn trucmg Vien kiem sat nhan dan t6i cao.
I Tap chi
3 2 I KIEM SAT_ / S o 1S(thmg a/2019)
