TAP CHi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHg CAC T R U 6 N G DAI HQC KVTHU,»T * S6 86-2012 ^
NGHIEN cut LVA CHQN VAT LI^U LAM PHAN Bt GIAV BAO Vf CHO LAO bONG NGANH THEP
STUDY ON CHOOSING SUITABLE MATERIALS TO MAKE PROTECTIVE SHOE UPPERS FOR STEEL INDUSTRY WORKERS
Bui Vdn Hiian Tru&ng Dgi hgc Bdch khoa Hd Ngi
Nhgn ngiy 14 thang 3 n3m 2011 T6M TAT
Bdi bio trinh bdy phuxyng phdp vd kit qui dinh gid chit lux?ng cdc lo^i v$t liiu Idm phan ph^n di giiy bdo vi (di gidy, Idt mit. di trong vd l&p chdng dim xuyin) cho lao d0ng nginh thip di /(;a chpn dux^ cdc lo^i vit liiu phu hgp. Chit lu^ng vit liiu gidy dirgrc ddnh gid theo chi s6 chit lugng tdng hgp K Ch! sd K dupe tinh toin theo gid trj vd hi s6 quan trgng cua cic tiiu chi chit IwQng v^t liiu gidy. Gii trj cdc tiiu chi dux^ xdc djnh theo cdc tiiu chuin Viit Nam vd qudc ti, vi dg theo EN ISO 20344. Hi s6 quan trgng cua cic tiiu chi chit luxyng duxyc xic dinh thee kit qua liy y kiin cua ngu&i sd dgng (lao ding ngdnh thip) vi cdc chuyin gia vi muc dd quan trgng cua cdc tieu chi ch^t luxyng gidy vd vit liiu giiy. Sir dgng phuong phdp ndy dd li/a chgn duxyc cdc logi vgt liiu sin xuat trong nuoc vd nhap td' Trung Quoc di Idm phin di giiy dip Cmg tiiu chuin EN ISO 20345.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the method and results of evalueating a total quantity assessment of the materials used to make protective footwear sole complex (outsole, insole, inner sole and penetration resistance insert) for steel industry workers. The material quality is assessed by a total quality index K calculated by values and importance coefficients of matenal quality cnteria. The values of quality critena are examined according to standard such as EN ISO 20344 The important coefficients are determined by recieving resuls of user' and specialists' assessment about quality cntenon importances of protective footwear and its materials. The good qualitative material is the one, which has K> 100 and has main criteria meet the standards. Using this method, the suitable materials, which made in Vietnam and China, was chosen to make protective shoe sole complex meet the EN ISO 20345.
I. DAT VAN OE dung: nhiet, am, va dap, ep nen, mai mon v.v.
Phan de giay che phii long ban chan, trong qua trinh sir dung. De trong, lot mat la cac phan each ban chan vol be mat tiep xuc va chi tiet nSm tiep theo de giay, chju tac dongco thudng bao gdm cac Idp chi tiet ben ngoai (de hgc nhu be udn, mai mon do van dong cua ban giay. got giay), ben Irong (lot giay hay con'goi chan. Cac chi iiei nay cd vai trd quan trgng la lot m3t), Idp tang cudng (de trong, dgn de, trong viec dam bao yeu cau ve sinh - sinh thai lap chdng dam xuyen v.v.). Ddi vdi giay bao cua giay.
ve, phan de giay cd vai tro r5l quan trgng, quy6t ^ L ^ . . • L- - •.- i - - .*.™.
.*• iT U-. 1 •• J- I - - . . - •• • J Chat lugng cac chi net phan de giay duoc dmh chat lugng giay, dgc biet la giay su dung -: j - L L • I L - - .-• ^ • j „
• • ' . ,il , •-• . -• . quyet dmh chmh bai vat lieu duoc su dung.
trong moi tmong khac nghiet nhu moi truang ». •• ' •- . ,_ - ,-- ',- l- J ' •., lao dong nganh thep [1],[2]. ^^T \\ § ' ' ''!fr^ ^?' ' ' f ' " ^ P^J" ^' ^'%
. & & h-1 l.l J j , ^ ^ . ^ khoang 20 - 30 % gia thanh san xuat De giay tiep xiic true tiep vdi b^ mil, giay. Do vay viec lua chgn vat lieu phii hgpde chiu tac dong tir phia ban chan va mdi trudng lam phan de giay can dugc chii trgng khi thiet sir dung. Thdng thudng de giay phai chiu. 1) ke va san xuit giay bao ve dat lieu chuan chfit cac tac dgng ciia nhiet do cao, ep nen manh luang quoc te [3],[4].
trong .hm gian ep dan mu giay vai dS giay; 2) .^ ^ ( , „ , ( . ^ ^ cac tac dgng manh tu phia ban chan va ca the
ngudi: hi be uon, keo gian, ep nen do sir van 2.1. Vat lieu nghi£n ciru
ddng ciia ban chan va tai trgne cua ca the; 3) - r - u-1 u -. i - L - - if,,
; , .,„ ,, . . . Tieu chi lua chon vat lieu nghien cuu: Uu cac tac dgng ca ly manh tu phia moi trudng su . . . . o
TAP CHI KHOA HQC & CONG NGHf CAC TRUCfNG DAI HQC KY THUAT * S6 86 - 2012 tien cac loai vat lieu duac san xuat tit nguyen
lieu trong nude, dugc sir dung rgng rai, co gia thanh hgp ly. Cac loai vat lieu dugc lira chgn va dat hang de nghien ciru bao gom:
Vat lieu san xuat trong nude: Bon loai de giay cao su: de giay cua Vien Nghien ciru Da Giay dang su dung lam giay bao ve cho lao dgng Cong ty Gang thep Thai Nguyen (Dl), de giay chiu nhiet, chiu dau dgt hang tCr Cong ty TNHH Ti6n fjuh (D2), d6 giay chiu nhiet, chiu dSu cua cdno ty HANAGI (D3), d6 giay chiu nhiet, chiu dau dat hang lir Vien Khoa hgc vat lieu - Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Quan sir - Bo Quoc phong (D4); Mgt mau da Ign day 2.15 mm cua Cong ty TNHH Dong Hai de lam de trong {DT3); Nam mau Idt mat mgt lop va nhieu lap tir da thugc, vai va EVA: Da heo vang day 1.13. mm (LGI), Da heo vang mem day 2.08 mm (LG2), Da heo vang cimg day 2.15 mm (LG3), lot 3 lap (da thugc 1.13 mm + Miit xop 5 mm + vai bat 3042) (LG4), lot 2 lop (vai bat 3042 + xdp EVA 3.5 mm) (LG5); Mot mlu 16t thep chdng dam xuyen mem, day 0.52 mm cua Cdng ty Co khi Ha Npi (DX I).
Vat lieu nhap tir Tmng Qudc: Mpt mSu Mex (DTI) day 2.41 mm va mpl mlu cactoong (texon) day 2.32 mm (DT2) de lam dl trong;
Hai mau lot thep chdng dam xuyen day 0.7 mm val.l?mm(DX2vaDX3).
2.2. Phuong phap tien hanh
Xac dinh cac tinh chat co ly, nhiet can thiet cua vat lieu phan de giay nghien ciiu theo cac tieu chuan trong nude va qudc te [4],[5]
nhu md hinh the hien trong hinh 1.
Su dung phuang phap danh gia chat lugng tdng hgp d§ danh gia chdi lugng vat lieu.
Tu'dd kfifluan v& loai vat lieu phu hgp de-lam mu giay bao ve cho lao dgng nganh thep.
III. K £ T Q U A V A B A N LUAN
Theo diim danh gia ciia nguai sir dung va cac chuyen gia nganh ^iay vk miic dp quan trpng cua cac tieu chi chat lugng giay va vai lieu giay, xac dinh dugc he so quan trpng cua cac lieu chi chit lugng vat lieu a, cung nhu linh dugc chi sd ch§t lugng tdng hgp K ciia mlu vat lieu ddi chiing. Tir cac gia in a„ gia trj cac lieu chi mlu ddi chimg, kit qua nghiem thi cac linh chat vat lieu da tinh dugc chi sochSt lugng tdng hgp K ciia cac mlu vat lieu dl giay (bang 1), vat lieu d l trong (bang 2), cac mau lot mat
(bang 3) va vat lieu lam lop chdn^ dam xuyen (bang 4). CAc gid tri aiXi thanh phan ciia chi sd K ciia cac mau vat lieu ddi chiing va vat lieu nghien ciru dugc the hien true quan tren cac bieu do hinh 2 - ^ 5 . Tren cac bieu dd niiy, vdt lieu cd cac lieu chi cd gia tri aiXi niim triing hoac tren dudnjj ddi chirng (cang xa xang lot) la vat liSu cd chat lugng lit. Theo sd lieu trong bang 1 -^ 4 va cac bieu dd tren cd the danh gia nhu sau ve chat lugng
r
Mau vat lieu de gi^y
Xac Hjnh
A
Do b^nx^ Iheo ISO 34-1 1 Do ben mai montheo [SO 4649 Dp ben be uon dya trSn ISO
20344 Do khang nhiet tiep xiic
theo ISO 20344 Kha nang each nhiet
dyra theo ISO 20344
M l u v^t lieu dS trong va I6t mSt
Xdc Hinli
r-
M l u vat lieu chong
d i m xuySn
Xdc djnli
r-
Kha nang chong dau theo ISO 20344 Do day theo ISO 20344 j Do hilt nuctc, thai nude theo
TCVN 4640-88 DQ hiit am, thai am theo TCVN 5091-90 Do ben mai mon kho va 'irdl theoIUF/450
Do pH ciia da theo EN ISO 4045 Ham luong CrVI cua da
theo EN ISO 20344
Do day Iheo ISO 20344 Do khang dam xuyen theo
ISO 20344 Do ben be uon theo ISO 8782 Do ben han gi theo ISO 20344 Hinh I. Md hinh thi nghiem tinh chdt vdt lieu phdn de gidy
T;»P CHl KHOA HQC & C 6 N G N G H ( : CAC TRUPNG P»l HQC KY THU,>T * S6 86 - 2012 Bdng I. Kih qua linh chis6 chdi hrpnf; long /?(//! ciia cdc mau Mgidy
TT 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tifiu ch(
DQ chju nhi^t tiep MIC. °C
D$ chju d4u. %
Dv ben b^ uon.
mm DQ ben mai m6n. mm3 DQ ben xe.
l;N/m Khoi luQng, g/doi GiS Ihanh, Nghin-d /doi
ui oii= 0.1498
ni»O.I4l5
ai= 0.1438
o[i= 0.1395
ai= 0.1475
oii= 0.1396
ai-0.1383 T6ns aiXi (he s6 K)
Cii t r i D6i chirnB Thi nKhi?in aiXi Doi chirnji Thi njihi^m niXi Doi chims Thi nnhicm aiXi Doi chimg Thi nghiem oiXi Doi chung Thi nghi?m aiXi Doi chirng Thi nghi?m aiXi Doi chimg Thi nghiem aiXi
0 1 1 D2 1 D3 1 D4 300
Khong dat j Khong dat 0 1 0
Dat 14,98
Dal 14.98 12
Khong d(U 0
Dal 14 15
Dal 14 15
D?t 14 15 4
D^il 14.38
Dal 14.38
Dal 14 38
Dal 14.38 ISO
257.23 8.13
136.64 15.31
145.60 14.37
1355 15 44 8
14.0 25.81
8.55 15.76
18.32 33.78
8.99 16.58 325
310 14.64
320 14.18
340 13.34
325 13.96 37.5
25 20.75 83.71
40 12.97 86.75
40 12.97 117.97
45 11.53 101.01 Bang 2. Kit qud linh chi sd chdt lirrmg tdng hap he sd K cho de irong T T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
Tieu chi DQ hiit am, mg/cm~
Do thai am, %
1 DQ hiit nir6c, mg/cm^
DQ thai nu6c, %
DQ pH ciia da thuQC
Ham luQng CrVI ciia da thugc. ppm
Khoi luong, kg/ m^
Gia thanh, Nghin dong/ m ' Tong uiXi (h? so K)
0 |
0.1303
0.1303
0.1303
0.1303
0.1131
0.1246
0.1212
0.1201
Gia tri Doi chimg Thi nghiem a,X, Doi chimg Thi nghiem a,X, Doi chung Thi nghiem u,X, Doi chimg Thi nghiem o,X, Doi chimg Thi nghiem a,X, Doi chiing Thi nghiem ii,X, Doi chimg Thi nghiem (i,X, Doi chimg Thi nghiem a,X,
BTI 1 DT2 1 BT3 4.36
0.2217 0.66
5.2967 1 7.5613 15.83 1 22.60 80
99.76 16.25
86.37 14.07
82.52 13.44 70
33.7S3 6.28
137.7 25.63
102.261 19.04 80
99.43 16.19
97.49 15.88
97 59 15.89 3.2
Tat ca deu dat
11.31 1 11.31 1 11.31 10
Tat ca deu dat
12.46 1 12.46 1 12.46 1.06
0.89 14.44
1.11 11 57
1.19 10.80 56.67
40 17.02 94.61
40 17.02 123.77
90 7.56j ll3.|,0i
TAP CHi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH t CAC TRIfpNG B;iLl HQC KY THUAT * SO 86-2012
TT 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
D6 hut am, mg/cm'
Do thai am, %
fig hiit nuoc, mg/cm"
Do thai nuoc,
%'
Do ben mai mon, Chu ky
Do pH ciia da
Ham lugng CrVI, ppm Khoi luong, kg/m^
Gia thanh, Ngan dong/m"
Bdtig 3.
0.1164
0.1164
0.1164
0.1164
0.1066
0.1010
0.1113
0.1083
0.1073 Tong aiXi (he s6 K)
<il qua linh chi Doi chirng Thi nghi?m ciiX, Doi chirng Thi nghiem u,X, Dtii chimg Thi nghiem a,X, Doi chimg Thi nghiem a,X, Doi ehimg Thi nghiiim a,X, Doi chCmg Thi nghiem 0[,X, Doi chimg Thi nghiem cc,X, Doi chiing Thi nghiem a,X, Doi chiing Thi nghiem OiX,
i d K ciia vgl lieu Idm lot gidy
5 17 3.7810
8.51 6.4350
14.49 7.5613
17.02 7.3237
16.49 0.7725 SO
87.92 12.79
84.85 12,35
82.51 12,01
87,46 12,73 70 56.62
9.42 S3.36
8 87 102,26
17,00 94,04 15,64
80.23
16.68 80
99.91 14 54
99.58 14.49
97,59 14.20
99,39 14,46
99 IS 14.43 25600 cho kho, 12800 cho uln
Tat ca cac may deu dat
10.66 1 10.66 1 10.66 | 10.66 1 10.66 3.2*
4.69 10.10
3.28 10.10
3.31 10.10
4,69 10,10 10 10 10*
8.45 11.13
0.99 11.13
0.93 11.13
0,85 11,13 11,13 0.93
0.7 14.39
1.2 8.39
1 19 8.46
1.1 9.16
0,47 21,43 83.6
72 12.46 104.00
108 8.31 98.78
90 9.97 110.55
98 9.15 109.51
50 17.94 101.87 Bang 4. Kit qud chi sd K tong hap ciia l&p chdng dam xuyen
T T 1
2
3
4
5
6 Tieu chi Do chong dam xuyen eua de, N Do ben be uon, Chu ky
Do ben an mon, mm^
Do day, mm
Kh6i luoTig, g/chiec
Gia thanh,
!)6ng/d6i T6ng aiXi (he s6 K)
Q i
0.1918
0.1793
0.1573
0.1252
0.1740
0.1724
Gia tri Doi chiing Thi nghiem a,X, Doi chiing Thi nghiem a,X, Doi chiing Thi nghiem a,X, Doi chimg Thi nghiem OiX, Doi chimg Thi nghiem o,X, Doi chirng Thi nghiem UiX,
B X I 1 DX2 1 DX3 1100
453 7.90
1338 23.33
1632 28.46 1000000*
Khdn^ dai 0
Dat 17.93
Dat 17 93 2,5
Dat 15 73
Dat 15 73
Dat 15.73 0,75
0.52 18.06
0 7 13.41
0.97 9.68 55
22.45 13.506
65.16 13.506
70.86 13.506 10000
6000 31.61 113.05
12000 13.55 100.03
12000 13.55 100.50
T^P C l l i KHOA HQC & C 6 N G NGHf CAC TRlldNG BAI HQC KV THUAT * S6 86-2012
B\i\i ai g i i tr| nlXi cua c i c mJu v^l h^u d i gtiy a6i chuing va nghien ci
' \ ' : - \
I \' - \
ChlurtilSl Chiu diu Biu6n MSimdn B i r r t Kh6ilircxng QaUiiWi
™ TI6u chi
Hinh 2. Bih do gid trj aiXi cua vdt li(-u dt' giay ddi chimg vd nghien cu
Biiu d i git tr| olXI cii* etc mlu v^t ll^u dt Irong d i l chung vt nghiin cifu
—" -0T1 - - -DT3
m t t m ThSlim HiHw*: Thil nuftc 06 pH Him lirong Khi luong o t Oimn C t c t U u c h l c h t l l i r ^ S
Hinh 3. Bieu do gid tri aiXl ciia vdt lieu de trong ddi chimg vd nghien cuu
Biiu eh gii irj alXI cua cic miu v^llltu Ulm|t dil cM>nB vt nghiin ci>u
5 ' ^ ^ . / " • - ' -
Hinh 4. Bieu do gid tri ^IXi ciia vdt li^u lot mdt ddi chirng vd nghien ciru
Biiu d i gl* M oIKI cu* etc mlu v|t Itfu ching dim luytn d i l eni>nB v* nghWn ci>u
01nijU)«n BtuAn Ann«n MOtr niA-hivng Gitlli«nn
Hinh 5. Bieu dd gid tri aiXi ciia vdt lieu chdng ddm xuyen ddi chimg vd nghien cuu cdc mdu vdt lieu nghien cuv
T^P CHi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ CAC TRlTdNG DAI HQC KY THU^T * S6 86 - 2012 1) Vdt lieu ldm de gidy: M§u de Di ciia
Vien NC Da giay co chi so K nho hoTi 100, c6 mpl so tinh chat quan trpng nhu dp ben nhiet, dp chiu dau, do ben mai m6n khong dat yeu c5u. MSu dS D2 do Cong ty TNHH Tien Tinh che lao co chi so K nho hon 100, co phan Ion cac tinh chat dat yeu cau, rieng dp chiu nhiei tiep xiic chua dgt tieu chuan EN ISO 20345.
Cac mau de giay D3 va D4 deu c6 chi so K Ion hem 100 CO cac tieu chi ca ban dat yeu cau.
Ngoai ra chi so K ciia mau de D3 cao hon mau de D4 do co dp ben xe cao hon. Mau de D4 tuy CO gia thanh cao hen mau de 3 khoang 10 % nhimg phii hgp vai phom giay dang dupe su dung de lam giay bao hp cho lao dpng a nuac ta va cac mau lot chong dam xuyen nghien ciru, nen thich hpp hon ca de lam de giay bao v? cho lao dpng nganh thep.
2) Vdt lieu ldm de trong: Ca ba loai vai lieu nghien cuu deu c6 K Ion han 100. Tuy co mi diem la gia thanh thap, nhung Mex (DTI) co nhugc diem Ion la dp hut nuac th5p, nen khong dam bao yeu cau ve sinh cho giay. Da thupc (DT3) va cactong (DT2) deu c6 cLc tieu chi quan trpng dat va vupt yeu cau. So wi ^•I^L^..^,, da thupc CO gia thanh cao hon, dp hut nuac con thap han. Cactong co gia tri K cao nhat, dong thai CO cac chi so ve sinh cao, gia thanh thap nen rat phii hgp lam de trong cho giay bao ve.
3) Vdt lieu ldm lot mat: Trit miu lot LG2 CO gia tri K nho han 100, cac mau con lai deu CO K Ion han 100 do vay co the xem xet sir dung. Cac mlu LGI va LG5, tuy co gia tri K Ion han 100 nhung co dp hiit nuac thap han tieu chuan. MSu LG5 co gia tri K Ion nhat, nhung cac tieu chi khoi lugng va gia thanh
doiig g6p tai 40 % gia tri cua K (hinh 4). Hai mlu con Igi la LG3 (da thupc cung day) v^ LG4 (cau triic 3 lop) c6 cac tieu chi deu cao han gia trj yeu c5u. Mlu 4 c6 ciu tnic nhigu I6p, gia cong phirc tap han (vi phai cat va may lot giay), trong qua Irinh sir dung Idp miit x6p de bi ep xuong lam giam linh ve sinh. Ngoai ra mau lot nay co dp hiit am kem han va gia thanh cao han mlu lot LG3. Mlu LG3 co gia tri K cao nhSt, CO dp hill nude va thai nuac Yk t6t, nen sii dung rat tot cho giay bao ve.
4) Vdt lieu ldm lap chdng dam xuyen:
Mlu DXl tuy CO he s6 K Ion han 100, co dp ch6ng dam xuyen va dp ben be u6n kh6ng dat lieu chuan. Ngoai ra cac tieu chi kh6i lugng va gia Ihanh dong gop toi hem 60 % gia trj K cua mlu DXl (hinh 5). Hai mlu DX2 va DX3 nhap tir Trung qu6c co he so K Ion han 100, co tinh bao ve tot nen co the su dung de lam giay bao ve. Mau DX3 co gia tn K cao han mau DX2, do vay nen sir dung mau nay cho giay bao ve cho lao dpng nganh thep.
IV. KET LUAN
bu dung phuang phap danh gia chSt lugng long hgp da lua chpn dugc cac mlu vat lieu phu hgp dugc san xuat trong nuac va nhap tir Trung Quoc de lam phan de giay bao ve cho lao dpng nganh thep dap img tieu chuan EN ISO 20345.
Cac ca sa trong nuac co kha nang nghien ciai va san xuat cac lo?i vat liSu chat lugng tot nhu di giay chiu nhiet, chiu diu, vat lieu lam de trong va lot mat co linh ve sinh cao v.v. de lam cac lop chi tilt phan de giay bao ve dat tieu chuan chit lugng quoc te.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Safety and health in the iron and steel industry. ILO code of health in the iron and steel industry.
International Labour Office Geneva. Second edition 2005.
Personal Protective Equipment. Workplace Environment and Health Section 8, Page 4 - April 1, 2008.
EN ISO 20345:2004 - Personal protective equipment - Saety foowear.
EN ISO 20344:2004 - Personal protective equipment - Test methods for foowear.
Acceptable quality standards in the Leather and Footwear industry. UNI DO. Vienna 1996.
Dia chi lien he: Bui Van Huln - Tel: 0989890521, Email: [email protected] Khoa Cong nghe Del May va Thoi trang, Trucmg Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Npi
