Dang Kim Vui vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE
NGHIEN c u t ! TINH DA DANG THUC VAT QUY HIEM VA N(aiV CAP TAI XA CA THANH, H U Y E N NGUYEN BINH, TINH CAO BANG
Dang Kim Vui, T r a n Diic Thien, La Thu Phuo'ng, Triin Quan|> Dicu, La Quang Do hudng Dill Iwv .\oiig l.dm - Dll Ilicii hgiiyi-n
TOM
TATx a Ca Thanh, huyen Nguyen Binh. linh Cao Bang la mgt \ a viing cao, dia hinh chia eat. dien tich dat iam nghiep chiem tdi 84% tdng dien lich lu nhicn trong do dicn tich riing chii yeu la rirng tu nhien tren nui da vdi Khu vuc nghien ciru la cac dai nui da vdi vdi nhieu dinh cao, do doc Idn. dg cao trung binh I 160 - I328in, do ddc tir 30 • 40" cd nai >45", dudng di lai khd khan, tai nguyen thirc vat riing noi chung da bj tac dpng manh K^t qua budc dSu chiing loi da xac dinh dugc thanh phan thuc vat quy hiem va nguy cap tai khu virc nghien ciiu la rat da dang, CO tdi 33 loai, 27 chi va 20 ho thugc 3 nganh ihuc vat bac cao co mach khac nhau co ten trong sach dd Viet Nam 2007. danh luc do ILJCN 201 I va Nghi djnh 32/2006/ND-CP ngay 30/06/2006. Dac biet lan dau tien viing phan b6 mdi mpi quan the nhd Bach vang Xanlhocypans vietnamensis Farjon & N. T. Hiep vdi 34 ca the (25 ca the truang thanh va 9 ca Ihe tai sinh) d cap bao ton CR B2ab(v) tren niii da vdi a d o cao tCr 1285 - 1328 m va quan the Hai diem ngpc Paphiopedilum emersonit Koop. & P J Cribb hien dang d mirc cue ky nguy cap CR A2c trong danh luc do lUCN 201 I phan bd tren sudn niii da vdi d do cao tu' 1230 - 1278 m. duoc ghi nhan tai noi day. Ket qua nghien ciiu nay ddng gop vao ban do phan bo thuc vat quy hiem cua Viel Nam, la co sd khoa hoc dinh hudng viec lap ke hoach, quan ly va bao ton tai nguyen thuc vat quy hiem va dac biel la hai loai nguy cap va dac huu Bach vang va Hai diem ngpc tai \ a Ca Thanh huyen Nguyen Binh tinh Cao Bang.
Tir khda: Biich vdng. hao ton. mil dd vol. Sdch do I 'lei .\ am, thuc i dl c/in hiem.
MO DAU
Rirng nhiel ddi vd a nhiel ddi chi chiem khoang 7 % dien tich be mat Trdi Dat, song chiing chua trong minh tdi 50%i tdng sd loai t h u c vat. N h u n g vimg iia\ Id nhirng nai quan trgng ve da d a n g sinh hoc, chiia dung nhieu loai thuc vat cd mach ban dia, linh lu nhien va nguyen ven cua c a c khu vuc sinh thdi quan trgng nay dang bj lac d g n g manh hon bao gid hSt (Breckle. 2 0 0 2 ) . Tinh da dang sinh hoc cao na\ Id mdt phan do j e i i td dai cao, bao gdm ca cac lieu khi hau, lao ra cdc lodi chuyen tiep sinh thai va it tdc ddng ciia con ngudi so vdi rirng dn ddi va hdn ddi. Riing nhiet ddi am cd he sinh thai tren can gidu nhdt ve siic san xuat sinh khdi vd da d a n g sinh hgc Chimg c u n g cap 15%i gd t h u o n g pham cho the gdi, tao ddi s d n g cho 140 trieu ngudi (Burley, 1993) Tuy nhien, hien nay linh da dang sinh hgc d a n g bj suy gidm nghiem Irong do sir tac ddng cua con ngirgi vd bien ddng ' Tel. 0914 608369- Email laquangdolnkigiiiail a
Ctia thai liet Cac ket qua nghien ciru cung cho tha\ rang tdc dd suy thoai rirng, mat rirng, mat loai d cac khu vuc ngoai khu bao tdn nhanh hon cdc khu bao tdn; tdc do tuyet chiing Id cao nhdt d cdc manh rirng nhd hon vd se lang len manh khi dien tich giam xudng dudi 1km".
Rirng bj khai thac qua mirc da trd nen ngheo kiet; cac he sinh thdi rirng bj hii\ hoai. Nhicu lodi thu'c vat quy hiem dan dan trd nen khan hiem va bien mat. Bdo tdn tdi nguyen di truyen dang trd thanh mdt nhu cau cap thiel \ i su tdn lai m d n g manh ciia cac loai cay quy hiem d n u d c ta
Xa Ca Thanh huyen Nguyen Binh cd dien tich tu nhien 3.700 ha, 449 hg vdi tren 2200 nhan khau. Cd cac dan tdc Mdng, Dao, Tay \d Kinh cimg sinh sdng Vimg niii da khu vuc nay cd he smh thdi rii'ng iren niii da vdi dgc ddo cdn cd mdt sd ngudn gen thuc \ a l quy hiem Hicn nay, khu vuc d a n g bi tac d d n g lieu cue ciia mdt sd ngudi dan dja p h u a n g , da khai thac qua miic, lam su>' giam cdc loai thuc vat
Dang Kim Vui vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH$ 104(04): 9 - 16
quy hiem ciia he sinh thai rirng. Trong khi do, kha nang phuc hdi rirng tren niii da la rat khd khan. Kel qua nghien ciru nham muc dich cung cap cac dan lieu Idm co so khoa hgc cho
\ iec dc xual giai phap bdo ton va phal tricn cac ngudn gen Ihirc vat quy hiem va nguy cap tren luii da vdi. bao \ e tinh da dang sinh hgc ciia khu vuc.
DOI I U O N G V A P H U O N G PHAP
\ l i l l l f - N e c u Doi t u o n g
Nghien ciru tinh da dang \ c cac loai lh\i'c vat qii\ hiem irong cdc irang Ihdi rirng tren niii da
\ o i \ n Ca Phanh, Nguyen Binh. Cao Bang.
Phuong phdp
Phuo'ng phap ke thira: Kc thira va tham khdo cdc lai lieu cd lien quan den ITnh vuc nghien ciiu.
Dieu ira theo luyen; Xdc djnh dia diem nghien CU'U. can cii vao ban dd ciia khu vuc lap cac lu>en dieu tra T u \ c n dieu tra dau lien cd hudng vudng gdc \ d i dudng ddng mirc, cac luyen sau song song vdi tuyen dau. Chieu rdng quan sat ciia mdi luyen dieu tra Id 4in.
Doc theo luyen dieu Ira bd tri cdc d lieu chudn vd d dang bdn (2in x 2m) de llui thap sd lieu trong d tieu chuan Da lien hdnh lap 8 tuyen dieu ira. Cd tdng chieu dai 15 km.
Dieu tra d lieu chudn Thu Ihap sd lieu true liep ngoai ihuc dja tren cdc d lieu chuan 400 m" (20in \ 20in), dugc phan bd ngdu nhien, 14 d. O dang ban dugc bd tri ihco cac dudng cheo, dudng vudng gdc va cac canh ciia d lieu chuan. Ngodi ra dgc hai ben tu\cn dieu ira cdn dat cac d dang ban phu dc thu ihap sd lieu bd xung Ten lodi cay dugc xdc djnh theo cac lai lieu: Sach dd Viet Nam [2], Danh luc thuc vat Viel Nam (lap I , 2, 3) f 1], dang sdng dugc xdc djnh theo Raunkiaer (1934) [10]. Sir dung phuo'ng phdp ddnh gia ciia Thai Van Trinig dc md td cau triic thdm thuc vat [6.7] Va cac cdng trinh khoa hoc da cong bd [3. 5].
K E T Q U A N G H I E N CU'U
T i n h da dang vc t h u c vat tai k h u vuc nghien cii-u
Da dgng ihdnh phdn lodi thuc vgi quy hiem Ket qua nghien ciru Iren dien tich rirng thdn Cau L i i , X i c n Peeng, Td Phinh xa Ca Thdnh,
budc dau da phat hien, gidm djnh va lap dugc danh Uic cac loai cay quy hiem cho 3 nganh nhu sau: Duong xi (Polypodiophyta), Ngdnh Ihdng (Pinophyta), Mdc lan (Magnoliophyta) dugc long hgp trong bang 0 1 .
Bang 01 cho ihay, ihanh phdn thyc vat tai khu vuc nghien ciru cd 33 loai Ihuc vat quy hiem.
thugc 27 chi, 20 hg. 3 nganh thuc vat khac nhau. Ket qud nay cho thay mirc dg da dang cac loai Ihuc vdl quy hiem tai khu vuc nghien ciru la nil cao. Mirc dg da dang irong tirng hp giira cdc nganh cung khdc nhau vd dugc the hien qua sd lodi ciia mdi ho Ket qud dieu tra cho thay mdi hg cd sd luang lodi vd mirc ngii\ cap khac nhau theo l U C N 201 I (version 3.1), sach dd Vict Nam 2007 vd Nghj dinh 32/2006/ND-CP Kdl qud dugc tdng hgp tai bang 02.
Tir ket qua bdng 02 cho thay: Hg cd nhieu lodi quy hiem va ngii\ cdp nhdt Id hg Lan (Orchidaceae) vdi 8 lodi chiem 24.2%. hg Thdng (Pinaccae) \ d i 3 loai chiem 9 . 1 % long sd loai Ihuc vat quy hiem cua khu \irc Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay cd 33 lodi thuc vat quy hiem \ a nguy cap tai khu vuc nghien ciru trong dd cd 8 lodi d cdp do the gidi (lUCN 2011) chiem 24.2% tdng sd loai ghi nhan, dac biet cd hai lodi cue k\ nguy cap ciia the gidi Idn dan ticn dugc phal hien phdn bd tai khu vuc: loai Bach vdng Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & N T. Hiep. [CR B2ab(\)[ \ ; i loai Hai diem ngpc Paphiopedilum cmcr.wnii koop.& P.J. Cribb (CR A2c) [9J. Trong cdc lodi qu\ hiem dugc ghi nhan cd toi 16 loai (7 loai thudc nhdm IA
\ a 9 lodi thugc nhdm I I A ) dugc ghi trong Nghi dinh 32/2006/ND-CP, chiem 48,5%
tdng sd lodi qiiV hiem vd nguy cdp.
Ket qua nghien ciru ghi nhdn 33 loai nguy cdp
\'ii qii_\' hiem theo Sach dd Viet Nam 2007, trong dd cd 3 lodi d cap cue ky nguy cap (Bach vdng- .Wiiilliocyparis vietnamensi.s-CK B I +2b.c.e; Re huong- Cinnamomum parthciio\ylons[\-CK A l a . c . d ; Hdi diem nggc- Paphiopcdilum emersonii-CR Ala.c.d) chiem 9.09%, 16 loai d cap nguy cap (EN) chiem 48,48% vd 14 lodi se nguy cdp ( V U ) chi8m 42,42%.
Dang
T T 1 2 3
STT
Kim Vui vo Dtg
BangOL
Nganh thuc v§t Polypodiophyta Pinophyta Magnoliophyta Tong
Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG N G H ^
Thdnh phdn thi/c vgt quy hiem vd,
»0
S6 lugng Tv le So 1
( % ) •
1 5,0 3 15,0 16 80,0 20 100 Bang 02. Mirc nguy cdp ciia cdc lodi thitc vdi
igiiy cap lai xa Ca Tiiiinli Clii
uyng Tv le
(%)'
1,0 3,7 5,0 8,5 21,0 77,8
27 100 ' ipiy liiem lai xa Cc
Ten thong Ihu6'ng
So lu'9
:
1 104(04)Loiti ng T
('
2,0 5,0 25,0
1 Ttidnh 33
: 9 - 16
v l f
%)
6,1 18,2 72,7 100Cap bao ton
luc^
2011 SO I VN
2007 ND
32 LPoivpodiophvla
I 2
Polypodiaceae Polypodiaceae
Dr}naria himu C Cllr, Dfynana fnrltUK'l (Kuntze ex Melt) J Smith
T.IC ke da Cot toai bo
VU EN Z.PinophvIa
J
4 5 6 7 8
Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Taxaceae
Fotiicnia /toilgimii (Dunn) A.Henry & Tiiomas Xanrliocvpani viclnaumn^n Farjon & N, T, Hiep Pseudorsugti limvifoiiu W. C.
Ciieng & L. K. Fu Pinus lci\'anglungensis Cliun ex Tsiang
Pseudolsuga sinensis Taxus chinensis fPlig.) Relider.
Pomu B^ch Vang Thiet sam gia Thong pa co Thiet sam gia la ng^n Thong do bac
LR CR
LR VU LR
EN CR VU VU VU VU
IIA IA
IA
llA 3. Magnoliophyta
3.I.Magnoliopsida 9
10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Apocynaceae Arisloloch laceae Balanophoraceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Campanulaceae Cucurbitaceae Lauraceae Menispermaceae Primulaceae Rhoipteleaceae Tiliaceae
Madhucapascjuieri (Dubard) H J. Lam
Asarum caudigcruiu Hance Baianophoi-a cucpijuongensis N T . Ban
Mahonia nepulensis DC.
Podopliyilum lunituicnxis Gagnep.
Cadoncpsis Javunicu (B\ume) Hool< f.
Gvnoslcmma penlaplivlium (Tiiunb.) Makino Cinnamomum purlijenoxylon (Jack) IVleisn.
Slepliania dielsiana C. Y. Wu Lysimaclua chcnii C M, Hu Riwiplelea chdianliia Diels &
Hand.-Mazz
Excenlrodendron lonlcinense (Gagnep ) Chan,^ & Ivliau
Sen mat Tho te tan Do dat cue phirong M3 ho Bat giac lien Dang sijm Dan loong Re huang CiJ dom Tran chau Cheng Duoi ngira Nghien
VU
DD
VU EN VU EN EN EN VU EN CR VU EN EN EN
llA
llA
IIA IIA
IIA
Dang Kim Vuivo£)/g Tap chi KHOA 1 IQC & CONG NGH$ 104(04): 9 - .1.2.Lilinn.sida
21 22 23 24
25 2 6 2 7
28 2 9 3 0 31 32 33
Trilliaccae Arccaccae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orch idaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Tacaceae Convallariaccae Convallariaceae
Parispolyphylla Smhh Calumwi platyacanlhus Warb. Lx Bccc.
Paphiopcdihmi cmcrsonii Koop.
»& P. J. Cribb.
Paphiopedilum inicranlhiim T.
Tani; & 1-. T. Wang Paphiopedilum hirsiilissimimi (Lindl. 1 \ l l o o k l S l c i n . Anocclochilus .setaceiis Blume Anoeclochiliis calcareous Aver.
Dendrohiiim wardtanum R.
Warner
Dendrohiiim longicornu Lindl.
Nerviliafordii (Hance) Schlechter Tacca siihflahcllala P. P. Ling &
C. T. Ting
Polygonulum punctatiim Royle Disporopsis longifoha Craib
Trgng lau nhi'fiu la Song mat liai diem
E N V U nggc CR CR liai m^ingdd
lia Tien hdi Lan kim Utycn Kini luyen da v d i Ngu tinh Dai gide Thanh thien q u y Pha Ilia Hoang tinh dom Hoang tinh each
h;N
V U E N E N
V U E N E N V U E N V U
I A I A
I A I A l A
I I A
I I A Ghi chit: SDVN 2007' Sach do Vict Nam 2007 [2] trong do. CR. rat nguy cap: EN: nguy cap; VU' sg nguy c5p. lUCN Red List 2011 Danh luc do thi gidi 201 I [9]; Irong dd CR rat ngu> cdp: TN nguy c^p. VU:
Se nguy cap. LR it nguy cap. ND32. Nghr dinh 32/2006/ND"-CP n-in 30/06'2006: Nhdm''lA: Nghiem cam, khai Ihac, su dung vi muc dich thuang mai; Nhdm IIA^ han che khai thac, su dung vi muc dich ihuong mai.
Da dgng cdc lodi cd\ quy hiem vci nguy cdp trong cue kieu rimg tai khu virc nghien cini + Kicm rimg inic + go
Kieu ndy hodn todn nam d khu vuc lung \ d chdn niii. cd dien lich nhd, ty le da Id ddu khoang 40%, bj tdc ddng manh ciia con ngirdi Trang thdi rirng na\ d dd cao khoang 1200m thudng cd cau triic 3 tang, Irong dd cd 1 tang cay \ i i i i gd, 1 tang c;"i\ bui va I tang Iham tuoi. Thanh phan chii \ c i i la Triic sao (Phylloslachys edulis). Qucch (('liisocheion paniciilaliis), Cheo {Engelhardtia roxhiirghiana). Dc-Fagaccac cac lodi (Lilhocarpits halan.sca. lAlhocarpits coniciis.
Qiierciis hambitsifolia. ('iistano/ysis indica);
Khao (Phoebe inucrocarpa). Cd 04 loai c;i_\' quy hicm duoc ghi nhan Irong trang thai ndy.
Thd te tan (Asunim caiidigeriim). Dd dat ciic phu'o'ng [Bakmophora eiicphiiongensi.sj. Bat giac lien {Podophyllum lonkiiiensej va Dang sdm (CodonopsisJavanicaJ
+ Kieu rimg hdn giao c(i\- Id rdng Id kim tren nui dd vdi Kieu nas' chi phan bd tren dinh va xung quanh dmh niii khu vuc nghien ciru. cd do cao lir 1250 den 1330 m. Cd uu hop chinh Id cac lodi Thiel sam gid (Pseudolsuga brevijolia) + Thiet sam gia la ngan (P.seiidot.Kiiga sinensis) -t- Thdng tre la ngan (Podocarpiis pilgerl). Moc xen lan \ d i cdc c;i_\ la rdng nhu Cdm (Elcocapiis sp.J, Sen nac (Sanospenna laiirlniim) Sen ddt trung hoa (Siiiosideroxylon wighiianum). Bach vang (Xanthocyparis victnamcnsi.s). . Day la kieu rirng lim Iren dmh niii, cd dp cao Irung binh tir 10-15m.
Trong kiOu rirng nay cd 8 lodi thuc vat qu>
hicm: Thdng dd bac (Taxus chinensis) Thiet sam gid (Pseudolsuga brevifolia), Thiet sam gia Id ngan (Pseudolsuga sinensis).
Thdng pa cd (Pinus h,vanglungensi.s), Hai mang dd lia (Paphiopedilum micranlhum). Pa mu (Fokienia hadginsil). M a hd (Mahonia nepaleims), \ a Bach vdng (Xanthocyparis vietnamensis).
12
Dang Kim Vui vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 104(04): 9- 16 + Kieu rimg thir sinh bi tdc dgng manh
Kieu nay gap d tdt cd cac tuygn digu tra, phan bo g khu vuc chan va sudn mil, gan vdi cdc con dudng mdn di l^i thuan lgi duoc ngudi dan tao ra de khai thdc tai nguyen rii'ng nhiSu nam nay. Do tdc ddng ciia khai thac, tru lugng cua kieu rii'ng ndy thdp. Thanh phdn gom cdc loai chinh Nghidn (Exentrodendron tonkinense), Trai {Gareinia fragraeoides). De gai (Caslanopsis indica), Ca Id {Caryodaphnosis baviensis). Re (Cinnamomum be/olghota. Re (Cinnamomum iners), Seu {Cehis .Kp.). Tram (Syzygiiim sp.), Mdn dia (Archidendron bakmsae), Vang anh (Saraca dives), Man chd (Kneina pierei)..
Cdc loai cay quy hiem trong kieu rirng nay bao gdm 24 loai thugc 19 chi, 15 hg chiem 72,72 %i tdng sd lodi, 70,37 % tdng so chi, 75% tdng sd hg. Cdc loai trong ho Lan (Orchidaceae) chiem phan Idn vd cac loai khac nhu Re huang (Cinnamomum partheno-xylonsn). Sen mat (Madhuca pasquieni), Dudi ngua (Rhoiplelea chilianlhaj, Thd tc tan (Asarum eaiidigerum), Pha lua (Tacca subflabcUuta), Hoang tmh each {Disporopsis longifoha), Tran chau chen (Lysiniaehia chenii). Cu ddm (Stephania dielsiana), Trong Idu nhieu la (Pans polyphylla), Ddn todng (Gynoslemma pentaphylhim). Ma hd (Mahonia nepalensis), Dd dal ciic Phuang (Balannphora cucphiiongensis), Hoang tinh ddm (Polygonafum punctatiim), Tac ke da (Drynaria bonii), Hai diem nggc (Paphiopedilum emersonii).
+ Kieu rimg thir sinh phuc hoi sau n irang ray Trang thdi nay thudng la nhu'ng khoanh nhd d vimg chdn niii lien ke vdi rirng nguyen sinh hay rii'ng thii sinh bj khai thac kiel Thanh phan gdm cac loai cay tien phong ua sang moc nhanh. Trong kieu rii'ng nay do mdi phuc hdi, chi xuat hien hai loai cay quy hidm: Dang sam (Codonopsis favanicu) va Dan todng (Gynoslemma pentaphylhim).
Da dgng ve dgng sdng
Dang sdng Id bieu hien tdng hgp ket qud thich u'ng lau ddi cita thuc vat vdi dieu kien sdng, Id
bieu hien ben ngodi phdn dnh linh thdng nhdt giUa thii'c vat vdi hodn cdnh d mirc do nhdt dinh. Dang song ndi len bdn chat sinh thai ciia loai. Mdi he sinh thai la long hop luo'ng quan dang sdng cdc lodi vdi cac nhdn td sinh thai ciia nai chiing dang sdng. Dua theo phan loai ciia Raunkiaer (1934) [10], dang sdng ciia thu'c vat tai khu vuc nghien ciru qua phan lich cd 3 nhdm dang sdng ca bdn:
Tir bang 03 la cd cdng thirc phd dang sdng ciia ciia cac lodi thirc vat quy hiem tai khu vuc nghien ciiu nhu sau' SB = 78,79Ph +
l8,18Ch + 3,03Cr
Phd dang sdng ciia cdc loai thuc vat quy hiSm tai khu vu'c nghien ciru kha phong phii, cd 3 dang sdng chinh tir dang cay chdl tren mat dat cho tdi nhdm cay chdi an. Song ty le nhdm cdc loai dang sdng cd khac nhau, nhdm cd ty le cao nhat Id nhdm chdi tren mat ddt (Ph) chiem 78,79%), dang sdng it nhat nhdm chdi an (Cr) 3,03%i. Nhu vay, tai khu vuc nghien ciiu dang sdng (Ph) la dang sdng phd bien va chiem uu the ldn nhat, dieu dd cho thay he sinh thai rirng tren nui da vdi tai khu virc nghien ciru thugc xa Ca Thanh van cdn luo'ng ddi phong phii. Rieng nhdm chdi tren mat dat (Ph) cdden 26 lodi chiem 78,79% long loai ciia khu vii'c nghien ciru. Ket qua phan tich cho thay nhdm nay cd phd dang song nhu sau:
Ph= 11,54 Mg +23,08 Me + 7,69 Mi + 3,85 Na+13,58 Lp+ 19,23 Ep + 19,23 Hp Cac loai thuc vat quy hiem lai xa Ca Thanh kha da dang ve gia tri sii dung, vdi nhieu cdng dung khdc nhau ddi vdi ddi sdng ngudi dan no'i day, nhu lain thudc. cung cap gd, lain canh...
Qudn the nhd Bdch vdng Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & N. T. Hiep, Bach vang la loai cay quy hiem d phan cap bao tdn cue ky nguy cap (CR), la loai dac huu phan bd hep cd gid tri nhieu maid Viet Nam [5].
Phdn ho vd imh trgng Bach vang, loai cay dac hu'u ciia Viet Nam mgi chi tim thay d mdt sd khu vuc ciia tinh Ha Giang, hien nay cd sd lugng cd the rat it va phan bd trong mdt khoang dien tich hep. [3, 4, 6, 7, 8]
13
Dang Kim Vui vdDig Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 104(04): 9- 16
Bang 03. Dgng .sdng ciia cua cdc lodi thirc vdl quy hiem lai khu vuc nghien ciruDgng song
Ti 1^ (%)Nhom choi tren mjll dal (Ph) Cay chdl Iren >30m (Mg) Cay chdi tren H-30m iMcj Cdy chdi tren 2-8m (Mi) Cdytlu'ji iren <2m (\al Cdy chdi Ircn cd thdn leo qudn (ip) Cdy clidi tren sdng phu sinh (Ep) Cdy chdl Iren than thao (Hp) Nhom choi sal mat dat (Ch) Nhcim chdi an (Cr)
26 3 6 2
78,79 11,54 23,08 7,69 3.85 15.38 J 9.23 19.23 18.18 3.03
Tdng
100Quan the Bach vang nidi du'gc phat hicn lai xa Ca Thdnh huyen Nguyen Binh tinh Cao Bang \di 34 cd the duoc ghi nhdn trong dd cd 9 cdy non (ldi sinh) cao tir 15 cm - 1,6 m, tren cdc dinh mil da vdi xa Ca Thanh (thdn Cau LiOdddcao 1285- 1328m.
Dgc diem ldi sinh: Trong tdng sd 34 cd the dugc nghi nhan chi cd 9 cdy la cay tdi sinh, cay tdi sinh chiem 26,5 % tdng sd cdy. Cay tai sinh phdn bd rdi rac tren dinh niii, vach da va sudn niii gdn dinh d dd cao 1285 - 1328m.
Trong 9 ca the cd chieu cao trung binh tir 15 den 160 cm. Dac biet cd mdt ca the tai sinh chdi moc tir canh rai rung, cao 15cm, Sinh trudng tdt Cdy tdi sinh cd ty le tdt chiem 66,7%), cdy trung binh 33,3%).
('ck mdi de dga vd nguy ca ddi vdi qudn the Bdch Vdng (Xanthocyparis vietnamensis) • vdi sd lugng ca the it da vd dang bj ngudi ddn dja phuong khai thac, lam nguy co' suy giam sd lugng ca the nghiem trong. Ciing vdi viec khai thdc gd cdc loai Thdng ire Id ngan (Podocarpiis pilgeri), Thiet sam gid (P.seiidot.siiga brevifolia). . da va dang ldm anh hudng den tai sinh ciia Bach vdng - Khai thac gd: Ngudi dan dja phirong da khai thdc gd Bach vang dc lam nha va cac dd diing trong nhieu ndm nay do vay sd ca the cd kinh thudc Ion hdu nhu khdng cdn, chi cdn nhirng ca the cdy trudng thdnh cd kich thudc ldn bj rdng rudt hoac d vach da cheo leo - Sinh cdnh va chat lugng rirng bi thu hep:
Nggdi trdng ngd Iren nuang bai, hoat ddng dot than ciia ngirdi dan trong rirng cung gdp phdn vao su suy gidm tai nguyen riing nhanh chdng tai nai day.
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- Cay con tdi sinh gap nhicu trd ngai: Cay me song Ircn cdc dinh niii da vdi vdi sd lugng nhd, noi ma ty le dal it. tham muc tren be mat rdt mdng, chu yeu la da Id ddu nen viec tai sinh ciia cay con gap nhieu khd khan, ddc biet cac khu vuc sucm niii cao vd cd do ddc rdt ldn.
Gidi phdp hao tdn cdc lodi cdy quy hiem va lodi city Bitch vdng
* Gidi phdp ve quy hogch. qudn ly vd bdo tdn - Cdn dicu tra tdng the ve cac loai cay quy hiem tai cac dien tich rirng cita cdc xa ldn can vdl Ca Thdnh nhu Vu Dung, Trieu Nguyen va Yen Lac de cd sd lieu tdng the ve Ihuc vdl. Tii dd thdnh lap khu bdo tdn Igdi de bdo tdn cdc loai cay quy hiem va Bdch vang.
- Xay dung ban dd GIS \ e phan bd va du bao dien bicn tai nguyen thuc vat rirng Irong do dac biel la loai Bach vang, Hai Diem ngoc.
Tren ca sd dd thiol lap cac khu vuc uu tien bdo tdn. khoanh nudi tdi sinh tu nhien va cac khu vuc lien hanh phuc hdi sinh cdnh rirng.
* Giai phdp vi' chinh .sdch vd kinh te - Chinh quyen dia phirong cdn quan tam nhieu han nua ve cdng tdc qudn ly bao ve tdi nguyen rirng gan lien vdi lgi ich dia phuong va cdng ddng nhu xay dung ca che quan ly bdo \c rirng dua vdo cdng ddng.
- Hd trg vdn vd ky thudl canh tdc ndng nghiep de nang cag nang suat cay trdng vat nudi tai dia phuong, giam dp lire ddi vdi rirng.
* Giai phdp ve tuyen Iruven gido due vd ndng eao nhgn thire cua cgng dong
- Thudng xuyen tuyen truyen y thirc trach
nhiem cho ngirdi dan dja phuang ve cdng tdc
Dang Kim Vui vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 104(04}:9- 16 bao ve riing, t h d n g q u a cac p h u a n g tien thdng
tin dai e h i i n g , . . .
* Giai phdp ve khoa hgc
- Cac n h a khoa hgc can tiep tuc nghien ciru sau h a n ve cac loai cd\ quy hiem tai dia ban c u n g n h u nhii'ng giai phdp bdo tdn tai chd c u n g n h u bdo tdn chuyen chd cdc lodi qiiV hiem nhal Id loai Bach vang, Hdi dien nggc.
K E T L U A N
(i) B u d c dau xdc djnh d u o c thanh phan lodi t h u c vdl quy hiem va nguy cdp tai xa Ca Thanh gdm: 33 loai thudc 27 chi, 20 hg thugc 3 nganh t h u c vat khdc nhau T r o n g d o cd 8 lodi g cdp dd the gidi ( l U C N . 2011) chiem 2 4 , 2 % long sd lodi ghi nhan Va 16 loai (7 loai thugc nhdm IA va 9 loai thudc n h d m IIA) d u g c ghi irong Nghi dinh 3 2 / 2 0 0 6 / N D - C P ngdy 30/06/2006 chiem 4 8 . 5 / o tdng sd loai quy hiem \ a nguy cap.
(u) Thdnh phdn cac loai Ihuc vai quy hiem trong cdc kieu riing la khdc nhau. Kieu rii'ng thu sinh bi tdc d d n g cd dd da dang ve thdnh phdn cdc lodi cay quy hiem Id cao nhat bao gdm 2 4 loai thugc 19 chi, 15 hg chicm 7 2 , 7 2 % tong sd lodi. 70,37 % tdng sd chi.
75%i long sd hg, kieu rirng cd mat lodi Hdi diem nggc Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. &
P. J. Cribb d cdp c u e k\ nguy c a p C R A2c- Kieu rirng hdn giao cdy la rdng Id kim tren niii da vdi cd 8 lodi q u y hiem, kieu rirng ndy cd phan bd lodi Bach vang (Xanthocyparis vietnamensis)
(iii) Da d a n g vS dang sdng cua t h u c vat quy hiem tai khu vuc nghien cuu cd 3 d a n g sdng chinh: Cay chdi tren mat dal, cdy chdi sat mat ddt vd nhdm choi dn. T \ le' N h d m cay chdi
tren mat dat (Ph) chiem 78,79%), nhdm choi d n ( C r ) 3 , 0 3 % . .
(v) Loai Bach v a n g lan dau ticn d u g c phdi hien tgl cdc dinh niii dd vdi ciia thdn Cau Lii
\ a Ca Thdnh, dp c a o 1285 - 1328 in gdm cd 34 cd the (25 cd the t r u d n g thdnh d u d n g kinh lir 8 - 4 0 c m . 9 ca the tai sinh cao 15-160 cm)
TAI LIEU T H A M K I I A O [1]. Nguyen Tign Ban va cs, 2003 - 2005: Danh llic cdc lodi ihuc vol Viet Nam. Tap I, II, III, Nxb Nong nghiep, Ha Ndi.
[2]. Bp Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe. Vicn Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam, 2007. Sdch do iiei Nam Nxb Khoa hpc tu nhien va Cong nghe. Ha Npi [3].Nguyen Hoang NghTa, 1999. Mot .so lodi cdy bide dga a ViOt ham Nxb. Ndng nghiep. HaNoi.
[4].T6 van Thao, Nguygn Dire To l.uu & Nguyen Ti^n Hiep. 2004 Danh gia bao Ion \ a nhan gidng vd imh Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Fajon & Hiep d Ha Giang. Tap chi Nong nghiep va Phat Irien nong Ihdn 1 (37): 116-119.
[5] Nguyfin NghTa Thin, 1997, Cdm nang nghien ciru da dgng sinh vdl. Nxb Nong nghiep. Ha Npi.
[6]. Thai Van Trung, 1978. Thdm thuc vdl rieng Viet Nam, Nxb KH&KT, Ha Ngi
[7] Thai Van Trung, 1999, Cdc he .sinh thai rirng nhiel ddi a I'lel Nam. Nxb KH&KT, Ha Npi [8]. Nguyen Tien Hiep. To Van Thao. Phan Ke Loc. Nguyen Smh Khang. Pham Van The. Nguyen Truong Son & L Averyanov. 2006 Primar\
servey of Gonden Cypress Xanthocvparts vietnamensis in Ha Giang province, northern Viel Nam. Unpublished report for Fauna and Flora International, Viet Nam Programme
[9j. lUCN 2011, Red List of Threatened Species, htlp://www.iucnredlist o r g / t h e last accessed May 15'''2012.
[10], Raunkiaer c. (1934), the life form of plants and statical plant geography. Oxford
Dang Kim Vui v.) Dtg Tgp chi KHOA 1 IOC & CONG N G H $
S U M M A R Y
STUDV ON THE DEVERSITV OF Till, RARE
AND ENDANGERED PLANT SPECIES IN CA TIIANII COMMUNE, NGUYEN BINH DISTRICT, CAO:BANG PROVINCE
Dang Kim V u i , Tran Due Thien, La Thu Phuong, Tran Quang Dicu, La Qimng Do' ('allege oj Agnciilliii e and Forestry - 1\(
Ca Thanh commune, Nguyen Binh district. Cao Bang province is a highland, terrain, forestry land area accounts for 84% of the lotal area in which mainly natural forest on the limestone. The study area includes the limcslone mountain ranges with many high peaks, steep slope, average elevation I 160 - 1328m. gradient from 30 to 400 some where over 45", Complex topography make it difficult lo travel. Forcsl plant resources are generally much affected. The components of rare and endangered plants in the study area is very diverse with 33 species, 27 genera and 20 families of Ihe Ihrce branches of vascular plants named in the Vietnam Red Book 2007. lUCN Red List 2011 and Decree 32/2006<'ND-CP dated 30/06/2006. Especially the first lime the new distribution of a population of Bach Vang Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & N. T. Hiep with 34 individuals (including 25 mature individuals and niiie regeneranls) at the conservation level of CR B2ab(v) on the limestone mountains at elevations between 1285 - 1328 m and populations of Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. & P. J. Cribb currently al critically endangered CR A2c in the lUCN Red List 2011 IS distributed on limestone slopes al elevations between 1230-1278 m, are identified and recorded. The results of this study contribute to the dislribulion map of rare and endangered plants in Viet Nam, are the sciencelific base for planning, managing and conserving of rare and endangered plants, particularly the two rare, endangered and endemic plant species namely Bach Vang and Hai diem ngoc in Ca Thanh commune, Nguyen Binh district Cao Bang province.
Keywords: Bach vang, conservation, limestone forest, I'lel Nam red hook. Pare and endangered plants
Ngd) nhdn hdi. 25/3/2013, ngdy plum bien 03 4 2013. ngdy duyel ddng-24/4/2013
Tel 0914 608369 Email, laqtiangdmn agimnl v.
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