^ » f « I J I c l J [ c 1 ! l ^
DIEN BIEN XOI L 6 BOf, SUY THOAI RITNG NGAP MAN VA DINH HlTonVG GIAI PHAP PHONG CHONG CHO DAI YEN B I £ N HA DU
DONG BANG SONG MEKONG
Tran Ba Hoang, Le Thi Phirong Thanh Vi$n Khoa hgc Thdy Igi miin Nam Tom tat: Ddi ddt ven bien, rimg nggp man, de bien la mpt the thdng nhdt, tgo thdnh mdt bite tuang viing chdc ngdn chgn nhimg tdc dpng bdt Igi tu Dgi Duong vdo ddt lien, tdng khd ndng long dong phii sa md rpng dien tich, bdo vi mdi trudng, bdo v | da dgng sinh hgc vd cdc he sinh thdi.
Vdi vi tri, vai tro to ldn nhu vgy, nhimg rimg nggp man ven biin hg du song Mekong da vd dang bi suy thodi nghiem trgng. He sinh thdi rimg ngdp man ven bien khdng cdn hodn chinh, khdng con dii khd nang ho trg cho nhau.Nhiiu doan bd biin khong con rimg ngdp man, xoi Id bd biin da tdn phd nhieu nhd cira, cdng trinh hg tdng, kien tnic vd nhiiu thdnh qud lao dpng ciia ngudi ddn sdng ven bien.
Qua phdn tich tdi lieu lich Jir, dnh vien thdm nhiiu nam vd vdi sit ho trg cua md hinh todn, md hinh vdt ly ... da ddnh gid dugc quy luat dien biin, phdn tich ro nguyen nhdn vd dinh hudng gidi phdp khd thi, hieu qud cho vi^c khoi phuc rimg nggp man, phong chdng xoi Id ddi ven bien hg du
sdng Mekong.
Tit khoa: Xoi l&; suy thodi rimg nggp man; ven bien hg du song Mekong.
Summary: The system of mangrove belt and seadike in the Mekong Delta plays an important role in protecting the behind land againts natural disasters from the ocean, increasing sediment deposition along the coast, as well as protecting environment, biodiversity, and biological systems. Unfornately, the mangrove forest in the delta has been seriously degrading in recent decades, even completely disappeared at several area. Coastal erosion has damaged houses, infrastructures (i.e seadike, road, ...), properties of people living in the coastal area. By analysing historical data, remote sensing images in several years and also by using numerical and physical models, the change of coastline and the main causes of coastal erosion were carried out, from which the feasible solutions for coastal erosion protection and mangrove forest restoration for the Mekong delta coast were proposed.
1, DAT VAN DE tich phu sa bdi ddn qua nhiing ky nguyen thay Ha du ddng bdng sdng Mekong Id mgt bd phan ^°^ ^^"^ ""^'^ ^•^°-
ciia chdu th6 song Mekong, thuoc lanh thd Su tham gia ciia sdng Mekong ddng vai trd Vi^t Nam, cd dien tich 39.734 km^Hadu ddng rdt quan trgng trong sudt qud trinh hinh bdng sdng Mekong dugc hinh thdnh tir tram thdnh viing chdu thd-h^ du ddng bdng sdng Mekong. Lugng nude trung binh hdng ndm cua sdng cung cdp cho vimg ndy khodng 400 Ngay nhan bai: 09/6/2017 ty m ' ciing vdi hem 100 trieu tdn phu sa Ngay thong qua ph^bi?n: 24/7/2017 (MorganF. R., 1961).
Ngay duy?t dang: 26/7/2017 v e > v
TAP CH( K H O A H O C V A C 6 N G NGHE T H O Y LOI S 6 39 - 2017 29
Hinh 1. Luu vuc sdng Mekong vdphgm vi nghien ciru ddi ven bien hg du dong bdng song
Mekong (ngudnvinanren.vn)
Trai qua cdc chu ky tien hda, thay ddi, thich nghi giiia bien vd luc dia, ddi ven biSn ha du ddng bdng sdng Mekong da xudt hien mOt he sinh thdi chuyen ti6p - ddi rirng ngap man ven bi6n,cd tinh da dang sinh hgc cao, vdi 98 loai thuc vdt, phd biSn la cdc lo^i mdm trang, dude, ban trang, bdn chua, v?t tdch, dd qudnh, dd vdi, gia, coc vang, dira nude v.v..., cd d6n 36 loai thu, 182 loai chim, 34 loai bd sat vd 6 lodi ludng cu, 260 lodi ca [1].
Ddi ven bi6n ha du ddng bang sdng Mekong, thudc dia phan cua 7 tinh: Tien Giang, Bin tre, Tra Vinh, Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau vd tinh Kien Giang, vdi chiSu dai 1 774 km.
Hinh 2. Vi tri ddi ven bien hg du ddng bang song Mekong (ngudn Google) Ddi rimg ngdp man ven bi8n ha du song
Mekongcung vdi he thdng de bien co tac diing ngdn chdn nhiing tac dgng bdt Igi tit biin vdo ddt lien (song, gid, bao, nude man ...), tang khd nang lang dgng phii sa,bdo ve mdi trudng
va cdc he sinh thai viing ven bien.
Vdi vi tri, vai trd quan trgng nhu vay, nhung rung ngap man ven biSn ha du ddng bdng sfing Mekong da bi suy thodi nghiem trgng.Bao cko ciia Tong cue Lam nghidp tai hdi nghi tdng ket
30 TAP CH( KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y L O I S 6 39 - 2017
nam 2016 cho thdy, chi tinh trong 5 nam, tir 2011 den 2016, di?n tich rimg ngdp mdn ddi ven bien hsi du song Mekong da gidm di 15,339 ha (gdn 10%), tir 194,723 ha nam 20II xu6ng cdn 179,384 ha nam 2016 [ 2].
Xoi Id bd bien vd suy thodi rung ngdp mat viing ha dung ddng bang sdng Mekong da, dang vd se eon gay nen thiet hai rat ldn vd Idnh te, xd hpi vd mdi trudng. Nhi^u doan de biSn bj vd lam nude mdn xdm nhap sdu vdo rudng ddng, nhieu ngudi ddn sdng ven bien da mdt di nha cira, ca sd h^ tdng bi sdng bien cudn di.Vdn de ddt ra la, lam the nao dS ngdn ch|n dugc tinh tr^g xdi Id bd bien, suy thodi rimg ngdp man ...trd 1^ dieu kien s6ng vd mdi trudng tu nhien nhu trudc day.
Vi Ig dd viec tien hdnh nghien ciiu dien bien xdi Id, suy thodi rimg ngdp man ... tren ca sd do de xudt dugc gidi phap phii hgp khd thi nhdm ngan chdn xdi Id vd khoi phuc lai di€n tich rimg ngdp man da bi tan phd la hdt siic cdp thiet.
2. PHlTOfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ VA TAI LIEU SU'DyNG
De thuc hien cdc noi dung nghien ciru ve ddnh gid diln bien, xdc dinh nguyen nhdn va de xudt
I KHOA HOC ^ A I J M J t e B i g M gidi phdp phu hgp, kha thi nhdm ngdn chdn tinh trang xdi Id bd bien, suy thodi dai rimg ngdp man ven bien hgi du dong bang sdng Mekong, chung t6i da ti^n hdnh mgt s6 phuang phdp nghien ciiu nhu:
- Tdng hgp, phdn tich ngudn tdi lieu lich sd, ke thiia CO chgn Igc cdc kdt qua tir cdc dd tai, du dn trudc ddy lien quan tdi ndi dung nghien ciiu ndy. Trong do cdc bdn dd Nam Ky Luc tinh 1861,1863, 1930 dugc Phdp do ve, cdc s6 lifiu do dac cdc thdng so thuy van, hdm lugng bun cat la liing tai Tram Tan Chdu, cdc tdi lieu thiiy van bun cdt tai tram Kratie ciia UB sdng Mekong, mgt s6 tdi li$u do khong lien tyc tren song Hau tai Long XuySn, Can Tha, trSn song H|iu tai ciia sdng Vdm Nao, My Thu^ ...
dugc sir dyng de kiem dinh mo hinh, de phan tich danh gid trong nghien ciiu nay.
- Xii ly anh vien thdm vd h$ thdng tin dia ly GIS. Npi dung cdn thuc hi$n Id: (i) so hda va chuy6n doi v6 h$ tpa do UTM; (ii) sir dyng phdn mem ENVI 4.0 dd ghep dnh; (iii) Sii dyng phdn mem ArcGIS de xir 1^, chdng ghep cdc bdn do do dac, khdng dnh, anh ve tinh cdc thdi ky khdc nhau, tren ca sd do phdn tich sy bien dpng dudng bd, rimg ngdp m ^ . Bang 1. Cae anh v | tinh sir dung de phan tich dien bien dai ven bien DB sdng Mekong
TT I 2 3 4 5 6 7
Thoi gian 1965 1989 2001 2006 2008 2010 2014
Kieu dii li^u Topography map
Landsat TM Landsat ETM Landsat ETM Landsat ETM Landsat ETM Landsat ETM
Dinh d^ng Vector Raster Raster Raster Raster Raster Raster
Ty 1^/ D$ phan giai 1/50.000 I 5 m x 15m 15m X I5m I 5 m x 15m I 5 m x 15m 15m X I5m I 5 m x 15m
TAP CHI KHOA H p c VA CONG NGHE T H O Y LOI S(5 39 - 2017 31
[Hoc^ZHEIMM^B
Hinh 3. Chong ghep bdn do di xdc dinh quy lugt diin bien dudng bd ddi ven biin hg du
sdng Mekong
Ben canh dd, cdng tdc di8u tra khao sat thirc dia, phdng vdn ngudi ddn dia phuong nham kiem chiing, danh gid ket qud thu dugc tir vi^c phdn tich anh ve tinh, chdng ghep bdn dd.
-LTng dung md hinh toan Swat, Mike 11, Mike 21, Litprof, Litline ... de md phdng cdc tdc dgng cua sdng, gid, bao, ddng chdy ven bd, miic do thieu hut bun cat, do xay dung cdc cdng trinh thugng ngudn tdi dai ven biSn, ling vdi trudng hgp bien ddi khi hdu-nudc bien dang theo cdc muc dp khdc nhau. Tren co sd dd se xdc djnh dugc nguyen nhdn vd diln bi8n dudng bd bien theo khdng gian va thdi gian.
Cdc budc nghien ciiu trinh bay d tren dugc the hien d hinh 5 dudi ddy.
" 5asfeapifca-^%-^r.ssti^bra^
D
1 """'"".SKSitl",??""*"" 1
•IJ.
• - - • " - « " • • — : .
^,"'""""'""»
:i^
Hinh4. Sa do cdc budc nghien cuu xdc dinh nguyen nhdn xoi boi ddi ven biin
hg du sdng Mekong
Hinh 5. Cdc mo hinh tinh todn phdn bo vd vgn chuyen biin cdt tren sdng Mekong Cdc sd U^u ve he thdng bdc thang thuy dien cua Trung Qudc tren sdng Langcang,
Hinh 6. He thdng bgc thang thuy dien ciia Trung Qudc tren sdng Langcang (vi tri, chieu
cao dap, cot nude, vd hi so lang dgng biin cdt). Ngudn: Kummu vd Varis[8J.
Hinh 7. Cdc vi tri kiem djnh mo hinh ve song, muc nude ddng do bao d biin Ddng
32 TAP CHfKHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y LOl Sd 39 -
1 KHOA HOC ^ » J » I J I e l J i g ! T ^ - Nghien ciiu tren md hinh thyc td (ty le
1:1) trong nghidn cuu ndy dugc thuc hien, vdi myc dich quan sdt true quan, theo ddi, do dac, phdn tich, ddnh gia phdn ling cua chd do thuy thach dgng luc tgi khu vuc nghien ciiu trudc nhimg bidn dgng cua tu nhien, trudc rdiiing boat dOng khai thdc ciia con ngudi. Tren ca sd dd sS nh§n dien, xdc dinh dugc nguyen nhdn, ca chS dien bi6n xoi bdi vd dinh hudng dugc gidi phap khd thi, phu hgp.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Dien bien xdi Id, suy thoai rirng ngap m | n dai ven bien hai du song Melcong Tdng hgp ket qud nghien ciiu bang md hinh todn, phdn tich anh vien thdm, anh vd tmh GIS, phdn tich tdi li^u lich su tu cdc ngudn khac nhau [3,4], sau dd ki6m chirng dien bidn thuc t6. Kit qud nh|n dugc la ban dd dien bien xdi bdi, suy thodi rimg ngdp man dai ven biSn ha du sdng Mekong, dugc the hien tren hinh 8 dudi day (cdc khu v\rc cd tdc dp xdi Id ldn ghi tren bdn dd chinh la tdc dp suy thodi rimg ngap m ^ ) ,
Hinh S.Dien bien xoi boi, suy thodi rimg nggp mgn ddi ven bien hg du sdng Mekong Mdt sd khu vuc xdi Id manh nhu: khu vuc Go
Cdng Ddng (tinh Tidn Giang), Vinh Chau (tmh Sdc Trang), Ganh Hdo (tinh Bac Lieu), miii Ca Mau (tinh Cd Mau)..., cho thdy khi chi6u rgng dai rimg phdng hp cang giam thi tdc do xdi Id cang diln ra nhanh han. Trong nhung nam gan
day, mdi nam dien tich rimg ngap man mat di khodng 500ha. Ket qud nghien cuu cho thdy cd tdi 24 khu vuc thudng xuyen bi xdi Id, vdi tdc do ldn sau vdo ddt lien tir 5-45 m/nam, tren tdng chieu dai khodng 250 km. Chi tiet xem bdng 2.
TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E THUY LOI S 6 39 - 2017 33
I KHOA HOC M g j B H i B I l ^ B
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bang 2 Don vi hanh
chi'nb Ti8n Giang
Ben Tre Tra Vinh S6c Trang
B^c Lieu CaMau Kien Giang
Tong
ThSng ke so khu vy-c x6i boi dai ven bien theo d|a danh tinh X6il»
S6 diem
1 1 4 3 2 12 1 24
Chieu dai (km)
17 8,51 24,44
29,6 15 150 6,19 250,74
Toed?
min-max (m/nam) 10-15 10-15 5-30 5-10 10-20 5-40 5-20
Xoi boi xen kS
s6
diem
1 3 4
Chiiu dai (km)
18,64 76,7 95,34
Boi l^n^
S6 diim
1 4 2 3 1 2 3 16
Chik dai (km) 16,49 88,568 41,86 30,87 22 70,75 43,06 313,598
Toe dp min-max (m/nSm) 0-10 30-60
15-80
3.2. Nguyen nhan gdy xdi Id, suy thodi rimg ngap man dai ven biin ha du song Mekong Ket qud nghien ciru da xdc dugc td hgp cdc
nguyen nhdn ca bangdy ra xdi Id bd biin ha du song Mekong, dugc thd h i | n nhu hinh 9.
Hinh 9. Td hgp cdc nguyen nhdn gdy ra xoi Id ddi ven biinhg du sdng Mekong - Nguyen nhdn gdy xdi Id, suy thodi rimg nggp vd tinh hodn chinh, trang thdi tu nhiSn 6n mgn tuyeu to con nguai. dinh Idu ddi bd bi6n, rdng ngdp man nhu:
Duoc phan thani hai nhom: Rai chSt doc hoa hgc pha rirng trong thoi + Nhom nhiing hoat dong cua con nguoi pha ^'l*" '''''^'' "•"•*•
34 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E THUY LOI SO 39 - 2017
I KHOA HOC ^ ^ . I J I e i J i m ^
Hinh 10. Rai chdt dpc hda hgc huy diet rung ngdp man tinh Cd Mau Chat phd riing, ddo kenh muong thodt Iii, rua chua phen vd nudi trdng thuy sdn.
Hinh 11. Ddo kenh muong, ao ... phd vo trang thdi tu nhien dn dinh cua ddi ven bien Dao kenh rach, md cdng rdnh, xay dung dS
bidn, ldn chiem bdi bien, thu hep vung cira sdng gdy ton thuong dai ven bien.
Hinh 12. Bdo kenh, xdy cong. de bien gdy tdn thuong ddi ven bien [14]
Hinh 13. Bdi biin vd cua song Gdnh Hdo bi ldn chiim lam thay ddi hinh thdi chinh Id nguyen nhdn gdy ra xoi Id rdt nghiem trgng
trong nhieu ndm nay [7]
+ Nhdm nhiing boat ddng cua con ngudi lam thay ddi che dp dpng luc, lam thieu hut phii sa, chdt dinh dudng. Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, cdc hd thuy dien tren ddng chinh sdng Mekong da giir lai mdt lugng phu sa ddng ke, lam gidm di ban 40% lugng phu sa chdy ra bien [5,6]. Xdy dung he th6ng de bien ngdn khdng cho ddng chdy tran dua chat dinh dudng, phdi cdy ra phia ngodi dai rimg de tai sinh lap cdy mdi. Xdy dung cdc cdng trinh ngan man giii nggt vimg cua song 1dm thay ddi can bdn he sinh thdi vung ven bd.
Theo ket qua khdo sdt cd tdi hdng tram kilomet chieu dai bai biin bi tho hda, cdy rimg khdng the tdi sinh, phat trien.
Nguyen nhdn gdy xdi Id suy thodi rimg ngap man tir yeu td ty nhien,dugc cho Id budc tiep ndi lam trdm trpng han mire do xdi Id va buy diet rimg ngap man theo thdi gian.
Nhiing vi tri tdn thuang, thay ddi hinh thdi dn dinh tu nhien ... la nhiing nai chiu dp luc tap chung, dan tao thanh bdc tiep nhdn song ldn, theo thdi gian cdc vj tri bi tdn thuang dugc md rgng ra vd Ian truyen vdi toe dp phy thudc vao sdng, gid, bao vd sy hdi ty d cdc cap muc nude tao ra sdng ldn. Dieu ki?n dia chat yeu, ddt nen chua dugc cd ket, tmh
TAP C H [ KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H C I Y LOI S(5 39 - 2017 35
KHOA HOC ^ESHngii^B
trang biSn ddi khi h | u - nude biin ddng cang trd n8n phiic t^p vd gia tang theo khdng gian 1dm cho xdi Id bd, suy thodi rimg ng^p man va thdi gian.
Hinh 14. Bdi bien thieu phii sa, thieu chdt dinh dudng vd ludn bi song, dong ven tdc ddng nen cdy khong sinh trudng dugc (dnh cua tdc gid chi^p 6/2017)
Hinh 15. Song vd dp luc tap chung ciia song vdo vi tri ddi ven biin bi tdn thuang Tdng kgt cdc loai gidi p h ^ cdng trinh, phi cdng trinh da sii dyng d6 bao v6, chdng xdi Id, suy tho^i rtmg ngap xrm\, dugc tdng hgp d sa dd dudi day,
Hinh 16. Song bien dd md rpng phgm vi xoi Id, suy thodi rimg nggp man (nguon
tinmoitruong. vn)
3.3. D^ xudt giai phap phong ch6ng x6i 1*, Hinh 17. TSnghap coc loai giii phap phong suy thoa, ruTig ng,p man cho dai ven bien chSng xoi li. ,uy thoai rung ngap man dai ve.
ha du song Mekong ,..• , , * ^'^
bien hg du song Mekong
36 TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y LOl SC5 39 - 2017
KHOA HOC M-l-lffHlV-lil-M
Qua theo ddi, nghien cim qua trinh hinh thanh, md rgng pham vi xdi Id, suy thodi riing ngdp man, ket qud md phdng tdc dpng cua sdng gid, ddng chdy, biin cat ven bd. Ddng thdi due kdt kmh nghiem tu nhungcdng trinh thuc t l da xay dung dgc ddi ven bien ha du sdng Mekong, tdc gid xin khuyin caomgt sd gidi phap it tdn kem nhung dem lai hieu qua cao:
- Qudn ly ddi bd, viing ciia sdng d l trdnh tinh trang gay tdn thuong, lam mdt hmh thai tu nhien ddi ven bien, rung ngdp man;
- Gay boi tao bdi, bdy phu sa bang cdc hai^g rao bdng cdy it tdn kem va khdng ciing tuyet ddi Vi tri, cao trmh, dp ciing hang rao dugc tinh todn cy the xong khdng nen dua ra qud xa bd, tdt nhdt bd tri thanh nhieu Idp, trudc mat la vd cdc vi tri bd Idm, kinh nghiem tii dir dn GIZ, xdy dung hdng rao gdy bdi tao bai tai ddi ven biin Bac Lieu [13],
Hinh 18. Hdng rao gdy boi tgo bdi kh6iph\ic f^g ngdp mgn dy dn GIZ tai Bgc Lieu, - Cai t^o the nen bdng each ddo hd dd ddt (cai tao thd nen), trdng cdy uom tir nai khac se khdng manglai hieu qud cao, ty le cdy sdng rdt thdp, ddi khi mat trdng chi sau mdt miia gid Chudng. Trong khi dd cay tdi sinh khi phu sa bdi dat chieu ddy hon 10 cm se phdt trien rdt nhanh vd ben viing trudc tdc ddng cua mgi dieu kien khac nghiet cua tu nhien.
Hinh 19. Cdy Budc tdi sinh khi Idp phu sa bdi tren 10 cm tgi bai bien Soc Trdng (dnh ciia tdc gid chup 6/2017)
- Thuc t l cho thdy ling dyng Geotube lam de ngdm gidm song cho dai ven bien ha du sdng Mekong khdng dem lai hieu qud mong muon, vi cao trinh dinh de bi ha thdp, khdng ddm bdo cao trinh thiit k l (ong Geotube bi tdc ddng cua sdng se di chuyen xuong ranh sdu sat ben do ddng trieu rut tao ndn). Mat khdc dftg Geotube cdn bi rdch do con hd bdm vd thuyen be di lai.
- Bdo ve bd bien bdng ket cdu cumg (be tong
cdt thep) dang tudng dimg cd mui hdt cdn nghien ciru ky dieu kien dp dung, bdi vi dudi tdc dpng cua dp luc sdng tap chung, cdng trinh rdt khd ddm bao dieu kien dn dinh Idu dai.
Cdng trinh ke bien Gdnh Hdo, ke Nhd Mat .. .la nhung vi du thuc te chiing td dieu dd.
4. K E T LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Tren ca sd sd lieu do dac, khao sdt ciia nhdm tac gid dong thdi thu thap tu cdc bdo cdo dinh
TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H U Y L O I S 6 39 - 2017 37
I KHOA HOC
ky hang nam cua cdc dia phuang, tir cdc dl tdi Mekong thi hien d hmh 8.Da tdng hgp va du an da thyc hien trudc day lien quan, chung phdn tich tren ca sd khoa hgc cae nguyen tdi da tiln hdnh phan tich, ddnh gid, mo phdng nhan, cdc gidi phdp phdng chdng xdi Id, suy tren m5 hinh toan ID, 2D v l tdc dpng cua cdc thodi rimg ngdp man cho vimg nghidn cuu.
cdng frinh thugng ngudn, khai thac cdt tai mgt ]s[ghien cuu nay chung tdi mdi ca sd khuyin cao sd vi tri dgc sdng Mekong tdi che dp thity vdn, j^^y ^^^ j ^ ^ g ^do gay bdi, khdi phyc rimg ngap bim cat dgc ddi ven bien ha du sdng Mekong ^^ ^ gj^h d nhimg vi tri ddi Ixr bi lan sdu vao trong diiu kien biin ddi khi hdu-nudc bien ^iij, trong nhiing nghien ciiu tiip theo cdn tinh dang theo cdc kich ban dy bdo (thdp, trung ^ ^ ^ ^.^ ^jgi thdng s6 sdng, ddng chdy ven bd, binh va cao) din nam 2100. Kit qud nhan ^ ^ ^ g ^^^ ^dt di chuyin tai timg vi tri dl bd tri dugc Id ban dd dien biin xoi boi, suy thodi ^ ^ g J-^Q vdi cao trmh, hudng ... phu hop.
rimg ngap man ddi ven bienha du sdng TAI L I f U THAM KHAO
[I]. He sinh thai rimg ngap man ven biin ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long, Vien sinh thai, moi trudng, 2009;
[2]. Bdo cdo tdng kit ndm, Hogt dpng khdi phuc rung nggp man ven biin nude ta, Tdng cue Lam nghiep, HdNgi thdng 12/2016;
[3]. Bdo cdo Bd NN&PTNT, Hiin trang, nguyen nhdn vd gidi phdp chdng xoi Id viing Ddng bang sdng Ciru Long Vien KlITLMN, Ha Npi thang 5/2017;
[4]. Le Manh Himg&nnk, "Nghien cuu, anh hudng cua boat dpng khai thdc cdt den thay d6i long din song Cuu Long vd dl xudt gidi phap qudn ly, quy hoach khai thdc cat hpp ly", Bdo cao tdng ket dl tdicdp Nhd nude, 2013;
[5]. Nguyin Huu Nhan, "Nghien ciiu cq chi hinh tharih vd phdt trien vimg bdi ty ven bd bien vd cae,gidi phdp KHCN d l phdt triin bin viing vl KT-XH vimg bien Cd Mau", Bdo cao tdng ket de tai dgc lap cdp Nhd nude, 2015;
[6]. Le M ^ Hung, Nguyin Duy K h ^ g , Nghiin citu chi dp dong chdy.^phdn bd bim cat ddi ven biin tir cira sdng Sodi Rap din cua Tiiu, di xudt gidi phdp chdng sat Id de biin Go Cdng tinh Tiin Giang. Vien KHTLMN, 2011;
[7]. Tang Ddc Thang, Dinh Cong San, Le Thanh Chuong, nnk "Bao cdo thuc t r ^ g xdi bdi bd sdng bd biin va dinh hudng giai phdp baq v? dn dinh Idu ddi", Hdi thao bao cdo chinh phu, Tp.HCM,20I5;
[8]. Kummu, M. and VarisO.2007.Sediment-related impacts due to upstream reservoir trapping, the lower Mekong River.Geomorphology, 85, pp. 275-293;
[9]. Coastal engineering manual CEM, 2001,2008 . US Department of Army;
[10]. Thorsten Albers vd Nicole von Lieberman," Nghien ciiu v l ddng chay va md Wnh xdi Id", Du dn Qudn ly Ngudn Tai nguyen Thien nhien viing ven biin tinh Sdc Trdng, GIZ, 2011;
[i 1]. ViSn Khoa hgc Thuy loi mien Nani, Bao cdo xii ly khdn cdp cdc khu vyc sgt Id Gdnh Hdo, Nhd Mat (Bac Lieu), Vmcom - Cdn Tho, My Hpi Ddng (An Giang) ,...', 2016, 2017;
[12]. Bdo cao kit qud ban ddu du dn AFD vl phong chdng xdi Id ven biin DBSCL.
[13]. Thorsten Albers - Dinh Cong San -Klaus Schmitt;Bao ve bd biin d Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long, 2013;
[14]. Coastal Engineering Consultancy in Ca Mau Province, GIZ, 5/2014.
38 TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H C T H O Y L<?I 5(3 39 - 2017
