Kinh ti & Chinh sdch AP D^JNG PHU'ONG PHAP PHAN TICH NHAN J O KHAM PHA TRONG VIEC NGHIEN CUtJ CAC NHAN TO ANH HU'CfiVG D £ N
DONG L i r e LAM VIEC CUA NGU*6fI LAO D O N G TRlTC lit?
1AA TAP DOAN SENTEC VIET NAM
L e D i n h H a i Truang Dai hgc Ldm nghiep
T O M T A T
Dong lire lam v i ^ cua ngudi lao dong la mgt trcaig nhOng nhan t6 quyit dinh den nSng suat va hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh ciia cac doanh n g h i ^ . Trong nghien cihinay, chung toi khao sat 215 nguoi Iao dong Inrc tiep cua Tap doan Sentec Viet Nam. Ket qua phan tich nhan t6 kham phd (Exploratory Factor Analysis - EFA) da chi ra 8 nhSn t6: (1) Sv on djnh trong c5ng vi^c; (2) Trao quyen; (3) Danh gia thanh tich; (4) Co hpi thang ti£n va p h ^ tri&i n ^ e i ^ i e p ; (5) Lanh dao quan tam; (6) Moi truong, di^u kien lam viec; (7) Lanh dgo tin tucmg;
va (8) Luong, thuong va phiic l^i, co dnh hu6ng mgt each dang k l den dong Iyc lam vi|c cua nguoi lao d§ng dang I ^ viec tai tap doan. Ket qua n ^ i e n ciju co the lam ca sa cho viec de xuat cac giai phap gop ph5n nang cao d6ng Iuc lam viec cua ngiroi lao dgng tai Tap doan Soitec Viet Nam n<M rieng v i cho cdc doanh nghiep co von diu tu true tiep nuac ngoai tgi nuoc ta noi chung.
Tir khoa: Song luc l i m vifc, nguoi lao dgng true tiep, nfaSn to anh huong, phan tich ohfin to kham pha (EFA), t | p dokn Sentec Vif t Nam.
L D A T V A N D E
Cd the thdy, trong nen kinh te thi tnrdng cd sir ejinh tranh gay gat nhu 6 giai doan hien nay, de tdn tai va phdt trien cac doanh nghiep phdi ludn tun cdch ndng cao nang suat lao ddng vd hieu qua kinh doanh cho doanh nghidp minh.
Nang suat lao dong la ham sd cua nang lire vd ddng hrc Iao ddng cua ngirdi lao dgng. Dac biet la trong ngdnh ca khi che tao, vai trd cua ngudi lao ddng cdng trd nen quan trong hem, ho chinh la ngudi san xuat trirc tiSp tao ra sdn pham cua mdi doanh nghiep. Do dd, neu doanh nghiep nao biet each tao dpng lire lam viec trong mdi cdng viec cua nhan vien thi doanh nghiep dd khdng nhung nang cao duae ndng suat lao ddng, ma cdn ldm cho ngudi lao dgng gan bd lau ddi vdi doanh nghi€p va ket qud kinh doanh se ngdy cang duge nang cao.
Sentec la tap dodn chuyen san xuat, che tao:
bd lpc gid, 15i loc gid, van cap khi, linh kien cao su... Hien tai, d Vi^t Nam, tap doan Sentec cd 2 cdng ty la Cdng ty TNHH Sentec Viet
Nam vd cdng ty TNHH Sentec Ha Noi. Sd luong lao true tidp cua cd Tap dodn Sentec tai Viet Nam nam 2016 la 316 ngudi. Mac du ban lanh dao vd bg phan nhan sir eua tdp doan ndy da cd mot sd giai phdp nhdm cai thien mdi trudng ldm vi?c vd che dp luong, thudng eho ngudi lao dpng... tuy nhien van cdn tdn tai nhieu van de v^ nhan sg ehua dupe gidi quyet vd nhdt la van de ndng cao ddng luc lam viec cho ngudi lao ddng cua tdp dodn. Chinh vi v$y, vi?c nghien ciru cac nhan td tdc ddng den dpng luc ldm viec cua ngudi lao ddng se giiip eho tap doan phdt huy cac yeu td tich cue va ban che cdc ySu td tieu cue de gdp phdn ndng cao dong luc ldm viec cua ngudi lao ddng tai tap doan Sentec Viet Nam ndi rieng vd d cdc tap doan, doanh nghiep sdn xudt ndi chung.
IL PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Mo hinh ly thuylt vl cac yeu to tiem nang anh hirang den d$ng lire lam viec ciia ngirdi Iao dong
Cho den nay da cd nhieu nghien ciru trong
TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHI|: LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018 167
Kinh te & Chinh sdch
nude vd tren the gidi vk viSc xac djnh cdc yeu td tdc dpng den ddng lire lam viec cua ngudi lao dpng, vi du nhu nghien cmi ciia Kovach (1995), Wong & cdng sir (1999), va nghien cuu ciia Wanda (2005). Mdt sd nghi6n curu tai Vi^t Nam bao gdm nghien cuu eiia Nguyen Khac Hodn (2010), ciia Liru Thi Bich Ngpc & cong sir (2013). K6t qud cua cdc nghien ciiu nay cho thdy cd mdi quan h$ chat che giua cdc ySu to thudc nhdm nhan to ben ngoai (duy tri) va nhan td ben trong (dpng vi6n) cd dnh hudng rat ldn tdi ddng hrc ldm vide ciia ngudi lao ddng.
Nghien cuu ciia Bill Thi Minh Thu & cdng sir (2014) xdc dinh duoc bdy thdnh phan trong thang do ddng lire, bao gdm: dieu kien lam viec, luong va che dp phiic lpi, van hda doanh
nghiep, mdi quan h§ vdi lanh dao, mdi quan he vdi ddng nghiep, su tu chcTtrong cdng viec, co hpi dao tao vd phdt trien anh hudng d^n dong lire lam viec ciia nhan vien true tiSp san xuit ciia Lilama. Tuong tu, nghien cijru ciia Giao Ha Quynh Uyen (2015) ciing da chi ra duoc 8 nhdn td anh hudng den ddng lire ldm viec cua nhan vien dd Id: tien luong, phiic lpi, diSu kien lam viSc, bdn chat cdng vi^c, ddng nghiep, cip tren, danh gid thanh tich, ddo tao thang tifin.
Nhu vay, dua tren eo sd ly luiin va thirc tien cua cac cdng truth nghien ciiu trudc ddy va didu kien dac thii ciia Tap dodn Sentec Viet Nam cd the nhdn di^n 8 nhdm nhdn to ti^m nang tdc ddng den dpng l\rc lam viec ciia nguoi lao dpng (Hinh 1).
8. Danh gid thdnh tich
7. Su on dinh trong cong vt?c
6. Trao quyen
k
y
I. Mdi trudng, dieu kien ldm viec
Ddng lire lam vi^c cua ngirM lao d$ng
.
/ /
5. (Juan h6 ddng nghiep
2. Lanh dsio
3. Luang, thudng vd phiJc lgi
4. Ca hpi thang tien va phat trien nghe nghiep Hinh 1. Mo hinh cac nhan to tdc ddng d4n d^ng Iyc lam viec cua i^uM lao d^ng 2.2. Phirong phap nghien ciru
2.2.1. Phuangphdp chpn mdu nghiin cuu - Dung luang mdu chinh thiic: Phuang phap phan tich dii liSu chinh duae sd dung cho nghien ctiu nay la phdn tich nhan td khdm pha.
De dat duae udc lupng tin cdy eho phuang phap ndy, mlu thudng phdi cd kich thudc du ldn. Theo Hair & cpng s\i (2010), vdi tdi thilu Id 5 quan sat cho mpt tham sd udc lupng, mo hmh Iy thuyet cd 40 tham sd cdn ude luang.
Md hinh nghien eiiu da nhdm nay cd 40 tham sd can udc lupng thi dung luang mdu tdi thieu
Id: n > 5 X 40 = 200; trong nghien ciiu nay dung hrpng mau dupe chpn la 215 quan sat dam bdo yeu cdu ddt ra. Phdn m8m IBM SPSS 23.0 dupe sii dung cho vi6c xu ly sd lieu thong ke thu thdp dupe.
- Phuang phdp chgn mdu: Nghien ciiu ap dung phuang phdp chpn mlu ngau nhien phan tang bao gdm: ngudi Iao ddng tr\rc tiep dang lam viec tai tdp doan Sentec (Bon vi: Sentec Viet Nam vd Sentec Ha Ndi), theo gidi tinh va vdi cdc dp tudi khdc nhau. Ddc diem cua mau khdo sat dupe trinh bay d bang 1.
168 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018
Kinh ti & Chinh sdch Bang 1. Bac diem ciia mlu khao sat
Tieu chi So In-QTig
Dffnvi
Cong ty TNHH Sraitec Viet Nam Cdng ty TNHH Sentec Ha Npi Gidi tinh
Nam Nu Sftuoi Tir 19 Akn 30 TIT 31 den 40 Tu41d^n50
215 115 100 215 141 74 215 75 70 70 2.2.2. Phuffng phdp thu thdp so lipu
- Thdng tin so cap dupe thu thdp thdng qua bang hdi. Ndi dung bdng hdi bao gdm; thdng tin v6 ngudi lao ddng (ten, tudi, gidi tmh, dan vi Idm viec, cdng viec hien tai); eac nhdn td anh hudng den dpng lire lam viec cua ngudi lao dpng vd mpt sd kien nghi cua ngudi Iao dpng ddi vdi doanh nghiep. Nghien cuu chinh thiic duoc thue hipn bdng phuang phap dinh lupng thdng qua phdt bdng hdi vdi dung hiong mdu khdo sdt Id 215 ngudi lao ddng true tiep.
Bang 2. Ma h6a thang do cdc
D8 khdo sat y kien ciia ngudi dupe hdi v6 ddng Iuc Idm viee cua hp, nghiSn ciiu sii dyng thang do Likert vdi 5 miic do: (1) Rdt khdng ddng y;
(2) Khdng ddng y; (3) Phan vdn; (4) Ddng y;
(5) Rit ddng y. Md hinh phan tich bao gdm 8 nhdm thang do tiem nang (vdi tdng sd 40 bien quan sat) anh hudng den dpng luc lam viec cua ngudi lao dpng; vd I thang do dai dien cho dpng luc ldm viec chung ngudi lao dpng trong cdng viSc (vdi 3 bien quan sat) (Bdng 2).
nhan ih anh hirdng din DLLV TT 1 Cac thang do
I. Moi tnffhig, diea kj|ti Iam vi|c 01
02 03 04 05
Tfnh an toan cua hien tnrong noi lam viec Noi lam viec Ihirc hien van de " 5S" tot E)iigfc trang bi day dii dung cu can thi& cho cong vi?c Thai gian di l^i tu nha den cong ty thu^n tien
Thai gian bat dSu va k£t thiic cong vi?c tai cong ty phu hap voi nhan vien n . Lanh d^o
06 07 OS 09 10
De dang giao tiep vdi 13nh dao
Lanh dao co each doi xir cong bang khong thien vj Lanh dao lang nghe g6p y cua nhan vien Cach xir ly c6ng vice cua lanh dao c6 tinh thuyet phye Lanh dao quan tSm nhieu den nhu cau doi song nhSn vien HI. LlTorng, thirong va phuc Igri
11 12 13
Cdng ty CO tham gia dong day dii cac che d6 bao hiem tbeo quy dinh ctia nha niroc Tien luang tuong xirng vdi kit qua lim vific
Hang nam c6ng ty deu to chiic cho nhan vien di du lich
Ma hda MT MTI MT2 MT3 MT4 MT5 LD LDI LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 PL PL I PL2 PL3
T ^ CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018
Kinh li& Chinh sdch TT
14 15
Cac thang do
NhSn vien duoc nghi ph^p khi c6 nhu can va phq) nam dugc sjp xep phii hop Cong ty dua ra miic thuong ve doanh thu rat hop \^
IV. Cff h$i thang tien va phdt trien ngh^ nghidp 16
17 18 19 20
Nhan vidn duae dao tao vd b6i dirong cac kJ nang can thidt cho cdng viec Nhidu CO hdi thang tien cho nhdn vidn
Cdng ty tao didu kien hpc tap, ndng cao kidn thtic kJ nang
Cdng ty CO chinh sdch dao tao nhan vien da ndng Ivrc hang phuang phdp luan chuyen cdng viec
Ca hoi thang tien cdng bang cho timg nhdn vidn trong cdng ty V. Quan b$ dong nghiep
21 22 23 24 25
Dong nghidp san sang hpp tdc, giiip dS lam vide klii can thiet Ddng nghiep dang tin cay
Hpc hdi niiidu vd chuydn mdn tir cdc dong nghidp Ddng nghiep co su tan tam, nhiet tinh vol cong v i ^ Ddng nghiep gdn giii vd thdn thien
VI. Trao quyen 26 27 28 29 30
Nhdn vien tu do, tu chii, sdng kidn, ddng gdp y kien va thanh cdng rieng V kien ciia nhan vidn cd tac ddng den quydt dinh cua lanh dao Nhdn vien tham gia dinh hudng chien luoc ciia cdng ty Nhdn vien thoai mai phan hdi cdng vide
Nhan vien cd quyen quyet dinh ddi vdi cdng viec hi|n tai dang phu trach VIL Sir on djnh trong cong vifc
31 32 33 34 35
Bao dam cdng viec dn dinh cho nhdn vien Miic luong dn dinh ddp ling dugrc nhu cau cita cudc sdng Cdng ty duy tri duoc van de tdng ca dd tang thu nhdp cho nhdn vien Gid ldm vide dn dinh phii ht?p vdi siic khde cita nhdn vidn Su gidm sdt vd quan he ddng nghiep ludn cMt che vd hda ddng v m . Danh gid thanh tich
36 37 38 39 40
Ddnh gia thdnh tich chinh xdc kip thcri va ddy dii Tieu chi danh gid rd rang, hop 1^
Ddnh gid cdng bang giiia cdc nhdn vien Ddnh gid Id k^ qua dd Idien thudng cudi tmm Ddnh gid la kdt qua cua nang luong can ban cdng ty DC SIT hdi ldng ciia ngir&i lao ddng
41 42 43
Anh/chi cdm thdy iidnh dien, t\r hdo khi ldm vide cho cdng ty Anh/chi hdi long vdi cdng viec hi?n tai
Anh/chi mudn gan bd ldn ddi vdi cdng ty
Ma hoa PM PL5"~
CH CHI CH2 CH3 CH4 CHS DN DNl DN2 DN3 DN4 DNS TQ TQl TQ2 TQ3 TQ4 TQS SO SOI S02 S03 S04 SOS TT TTl TT2 TT3 TT4 TT5 HL HLI HL2 HL3 - Thdng tm thii cdp dupe dupe thu thap vd
sd lupng Iao dpng cua tap doan Sentec Viet Nam. Ben canh do, nghien cuu cdn tham khdo
y kien cua cdc chuyen gia Id eac gidng vien liiih v\rc qudn tri kmh doanh, ldnh dao va can bp thupc bO phan nhan su cua cdc cdng ty.
170 T-4P c m KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH? LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018
KinkteA Chinh sdch 2.2.3. Phuffng phdp tdng hgp, xdr ly vd phdn
tich so lipu
Nghien cuu su dung phan mem phan tich thdng ke IBM SPSS Statistics 23 cho viec dp dung phan tich nhan td khdm pha de xdc dinh cac nhdn td dnh hudng chu ydu dSn ddng Iuc Iam viec ciia ngudi Iao dpng. Kdt qua cua phan tich nhdn td khdm phd ldm co sd eho viec de xuat mpt so giai phap nhdm ndng cao ddng luc lam viec ciia ngudi lao ddng tai tap dodn Sentec Vi?t Nam.
Bu&c 1: Ddnh gid chdt luang thang do bdng he so Cronbach's Alpha
De ddnh gia so bd thang do ta danh gia dp tin cay cua thang do bdng h? sd Croncbach's Alpha. Theo Nguyin Dmh Thp & Nguyin Thi Mai Trang (2008) cac bien cd he sd tuang quan bien tdng (corrected item total correlation) nhd hon 0,3 se bi loai vd tieu chudn chpn thang do khi nd cd dp tin cdy Cronbach's Alpha tu 0,6 trd 16n (Hodng Trpng vd Chu Nguyin Mpng Ngpc, 2008). Nhieu nhd nghi6n ciiu cho rang Croncbach's Alpha tii 0,8 den gan 1 thang do hidng la tdt, ttr 0,7 den 0,8 la sii dimg dupe, vd tii 0,6 trd len Id cd the sir diing dupe trong trudng hpp khai ni?m dang ngiiidn cuu la mdi hoac mdi ddi vdi ngudi tra ldi trong bdi canh nghidn ciiu. Vi vay, ddi voi nghien cuu nay thi cdc bien cd he so tucmg quan bi^n tdng (Corected Item-Total correlation) nhd ban 0,3 vd thdnh phkn thang dd cd he sd Cronbach's Alpha nhd han 0,6 dupe xem xet Ioai.
Bir&c 2: Phdn tich nhdn td khdm phd EFA Phan tich nhan td khdm pha EFA dupe sii dung d l xac dinh gid trj hpi tu, gid tri phdn biet va thu gpn cac tham so udc luong cho cdc nhdm bierL
Kilm dinh Barlett dupe dimg dl xem xet ma tr$n tuong quan cd phdi Id ma tr$n dan vi hay khdng. Kilm dinh Barlett cd y nghia thdng kd khi Sig. < 0,05; chung td cac biln quan sat cd tuang quan vdi nhau trong tdng the.
Phuang phdp nay chi dupe sii dung khi hd sd KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) cd gid tri tii 0,5 trd len. N^u KMO < 0,5 thi phan tich nhdn td khdng thich hpp vdi dft lieu (Hodng Trpng vd Chu Nguyin Mdng Ngpc, 2005).
Trong budc ndy cac bien cd he sd tdi nhan td (factor loading) nhd hem 0,5 se tilp tuc bi loai.
Phuong phap trich he sd sir dung Id phuang phap trich nhdn to Principal Coir^)onent vdi phep quay Varimax, diem dimg khi trich cae ydu td cd Eigenvalue ldn han ho§c bdng 1.
Thang do duoc chdp nhan khi tdng phuong sai trich bdng hoac Idn hon 50% (Nguyin Dmh Thp & Nguyin Thi Mai Trang, 2008).
Sau khi Ioai cac biln khdng phu hpp, dupe tiSn hanh de kiem tra 1^ dd phii hpp ciia eac biln, dong thdi kiem djnh Cronbach's Alpha dupe thue hien lai tren cdc nhdm biln cd sir hieu chinh de khdng dinh lai dp tin cdy cua thang do.
Bu&c 3: Phdn tich hoi qui va kiem dfnh gid thuyit
Cdc thang do duae danh gid dat yeu cau dupe dua vdo phan tich tuong quan va phdn tich hdi qui'dl kilm dinh cdc gia thuyet. Theo Cooper vd Schindler (2006), hdi qui tuyin tinh bpi thudng dupe dimg dl kiem dinh va giai thich ly thuylt nhan qua.
Khi ddm bdo dp tin e|ly ve thang do, phdn tich hdi quy sii dung d l kilm djnh gid thuylt cd hay khdng sir dnh hudng cua cdc nhan td din DLLV. Va de dam bdo md hinh hdi quy phii hpp sg tiln hdnh kiem dinh cdc gid thuyet:
Khdng cd hien tupng da cpng tuyen thdng qua he sd phuang sai phdng dai VIF; Phuang sai cua phdn du khdng doi (dd thj phan tdn Seatterplot); Cdc phan du cd phan phoi ehuan (Bieu dd tdn suat Histogram va P-P plot);
Khdng cd hien tupng tuang quan giira cdc phan du (kilm dinh Durbin-Watson).
m . KtT QUA NGHIEN CUtJ, THAO LUAN 3.1. Kilm dinh chat lupng thang do bdng he s6 Cronbach Alpha
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM N G H l f P SO 1-2018 171
Kinh te & Chinh sach
k
Qua kit qua kilm dinh chdt lupng thang do vdy he thdng thang do dupe xay dung gSm 5.bang 3 ta thdy he sd Cronbach Alpha ciia thang do dam bao chat lupng tdt vdi 43 bilasfiJ
tdng thi cac thang do diu Idn hon 0,6. Nhu dac trung. | Bang 3. Tong hpp ket qua phan tich chat lirgng thang do bdng he so Cronbach Alpha
S T T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
T h a n g do Mdi trudng, dieu Iddn Idm viec Ldnh dao
Luong, thudng vd phtic lai
C o hgi thang tien vd phdt trien nghd nghiep Quan he ddng nghiep
Trao quyen
Su dn djnh trong cdng viec Ddnh gid thanh tieh Ddng luc Iam viec chung
Bi^n d^c trirng M i l , MT2, MT3, MT4, IVITS L D I , LD2, LD3, LD4, LD5 P L 1 , P L 2 , P L 3 , P L 4 , P L 5 C H I , CH2,CH3, CH4, CHS D N l , DN2, DN3, DN4, DNS T Q l , TQ2, TQ3, TQ4, TQ5 S O I , S 0 2 , S 0 3 , S 0 4 , SOS TTI, TT2, TT3, TT4, TT5 D L L V l , DLLV2, DLLV3
si
b i l n 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3
Cronbiicli Alnlii_
s,fts
0,84! 0,847 0,892 0,89S 0,796 0,84! 0,905 0,709 3.2. Ket qua phan tich nhan to kham pha dilu kien 0,5 < KMO < 1, nhu vay phan tich 3.2.1. Kiim dinh tinh thich hap cda phdn tich nhdn td khdm pha la thich hop cho du lieu nhdn to khdm phd thue te.
Trong bang 4 ta cd KMO = 0,737 thda mdn
Bang 4. Kilm dinh KMO va Bartlett
Thudc do KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.) 0,737 Gid tri y^ (Approx. Chi-Square) 6064,515
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Bactirdo(df) 630 M u c y nghia (Sig.) 0,000 3.2.2. Kiim dinh tuang quan cua cdc biin biln quan sat co tuang quan tuyen tinh vdi
quan sdt trong thu&c do dgi dipn nhan td dai dien.
Trong bang 4 ta thdy kiem dinh Bartlett cd 3.2.3. Kiim dfnh muc dp gidi thich cua cdc miic y nghta Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05, nhu v^y cac biin quan sdt ddi v&i nhdn to
Bang 5. Tong phirdag sai giai thich cua cac nhan to dnh hudng den d$ng lire lam vi|c t l , " fa Tong binh phinmgcSa h? sl tki TSng binh phirong cua hesofai
*,igenvaliies khOi fgo ^^^^ ^. ^ ^^^^ (Extraction nhan t6 xoay (Rotation Sums of
^ ^ ^ (Imtial Eigenvalues) g^^^ ^j ^^^^^^ Loadings) Squared Loadings) to
g % c u a T y i | % ^ % c u a T J I £ % .^.^ % cua TS1?%
° ^ phuimg sai tich luy * phirong sal tich liiy * phiromg sai tich liiy 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 36
7,304 3,974 3,373 2,851 2,567 1,970 1,768 1,378 1,138 0,983 0,021
20,289 11,039 9,368 7,920 7,131 5,473 4,911 3,828 3,161 2,729 0,057
20,289 31,328 40,696 48,616 55,747 61,220 66,131 69,959 73,120 75,849 100,000
7,304 3,974 3.373 2,851 2,567 1,970 1,768 1,378 1,138
20,289 11,039 9,368 7,920 7,131 5,473 4,911 3,828 3,161
20,289 31,328 40,696 48,616 55,747 61,220 66,131 69,959 73,120
3,775 3,622 3,556 3,365 2,929 2,894 2,343 1,947 1,894
10,486 10,061 9,877 9,347 8,136 8,039 6,507 5,408 5,260
10,486 20,546 30,424 39,770 47,907 55,945 62,452 67,860 73,120
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018
Kinh te & Chinh sdch Cdt tan suit tich luy (Cumulative) ciia bang
5 eho bidt tri sd phuang sai trich la 73,12%.
Di6u ndy cd nghia la 73,12% thay ddi ciia cac nhan td dupe giai thich bdi cdc bi6n quan sdt.
TiJ cae phdn tich trdn, cd thd kdt luan rdng phan tich nhdn td khdm phd EFA Id phii hap
vdi du li$u tdng the.
3.14. Ketqua'cdaphdn tich nhdn tSkbampba Qua kidm dinh chat lugng thang do va ki8m dinh ciia phan tich nhan td kham phdta xac dinh dugc 9 nhom nhan td dua vao phan tich nhdn td kham pha (bang 6).
Bang 6. Md hinh dieu chinh qua kilm dinh Crobach Aipha vd phan tich nhan to kham pha STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Thang do FlfTT) F2 (CH) F3(DN) F4{PL) F5 (TQ) F6(MT) F7 (SO) F8 (LDTT) F9 (LDQT) DLLV
Bien d|c trirng TTl, TT2, TT3, TT4, TT5 CHI, CH2, CH3, CH4, CHS DNl, DN2, DN3, DN4, DNS PLl, PL2, PL3, PL4, PL5 TQl, TQ2, TQS, TQ4, TQS MTI, MT2, MT3, MT5 S02, S03, SOS LD2,LD4 LD3,LD5
DLLVl, DLLV2, DLLV3
Giai thich thang do Ddnh gia thdnh tieh
Co hdi thang tien vd phdt trien nghe nghiep Quan he ddng nghi^
Luong, thudng va phiic lgi Trao quydn
Mdi tnrdng, dieu kidn lam viec Sir dn dinh trong cdng vide Lanh daotin tudng Ldnh dao quan tam Ddng lire lam viec chung 3.2.5. Phdn tich hoi qui tuyin tinh da bien
De nhan dien cdc nhdn t6 dnh hudng den nang cao ddng lire lam viec cho ngudi lao ddng ciia tap dodn Sentec tai Viet Nam md hinh tuong quan hdi qui tdng the cd dang:
DLLV = fl:Fl, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9) Trong do: DLLV: Bidn phy thudc;
Fl, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9: Cde bien dpc Idp.
Viec xem xet trong cac trong cac yeu td FI d&i F9, ydu td nao that su tdc ddng den ddng Iuc lam vi?c cho ngudi lao dgng cua tap dodn Sentec tai Viet Nam mdt each true tidp se thue hien dugc bdng phuang trinh hdi quy tuydn tinh:
DLLV= po+piTT + pzCH + P J D N + P4PL + psTQ + pfiMT + P7SO + pgLDTT + pgLDQT
Trong dd, cae bien dua vao phan tich hdi quy dugc xac djnh bSng each tinh diem ciia cae nhan td (Factor score).
Trong bang 7, vdi miic y nghia Sig. cua kiem dinh F < 0,01, cd the ket hian rang md hinh hdi qui ludn ludn tdn tai vdi miic do tm cdy 99%.
Dua tren kdt qua phdn tich tu bang 7 ta thay
hd so R hieu chinh dat gid tri 0,869, dieu nay cd nghia Id 86,9% su thay ddi ve ddng lire Iam viec ciia ngudi lao dong true tiep dugc gidi thich bdi cac bien ddc lap trong md hinh. Nhu vdy cd the ket luan rang md hinh dua ra la phu hgp vdi diJ li?u thue te.
KSt qua d bang 7 cho thdy h? so phdng dai phuang sai (VIF) diu nhd ban 10, nhu vdy md hinh hdi qui khdng cd bien tugng da cdng tuySn. He sd Duibm Watson (1< d = 1,952 < 3), nhu vdy md hinh hdi qui khdng cd hien tugng tir tuang quan.
Kilm tra gia dinh phdn du cd phan phdi chudn: su dyng bilu dd tdn sd Q-Q plot de khdo sat phdn phoi ciia phdn du. D& lieu cd phdn phdi chudn neu cdc quan sat thue te tap trung sat dudng cheo. Thdng qua bieu do phdn phdi ciia phan du Q-Q plot, cho thdy phan du cd phdn phdi chuan.
Kidm tra gia dinh phuang sai cua phdn du khdng ddi: Neu dd ldn cua phdn du tang hay gidm eiing vdi gia tri cua bien phu thudc thi gia dinh nay bi vi pham. Qua dd thi Scatter the hien mdi quan he giiia bidn phu thudc va phan du, ta thay cdc quan sdt phdn tan ngau nhien.
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G N G H ^ LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018 173
Kinh te & Chinh sdch
Nhu vdy, phdn du va phdn biln phu thudc phuang sai cua phdn du thay ddi.
khdng cd mdi lien h? hay khdng cd hien tugng
Bang 7. Tdm tdt md hinh hoi quy (Model Summary)
Biln ddc ISp
(Constant) F1(TT) F2 (CH) F3(DN) F4(PL) F5 (TQ) F6(MT) F7 (SO) F8 (LDTT) F9 (LDQT) Tong
V^sh h^i quy
chira chuan h6a(B) 9,16E"'
0,166 0,143 0,048 0,100 0,349 0,107 0,808 0,102 0,133
Gia tri t
0 6,729"' 5,800"' 1,943"
4,028'"
14,125 4,336"' 32,700'"
4,111 5,390'"
Mircy nghia thong ite (Sig.)
1.000 0,000 0,0000, 053 0,000 0,000 0,000 0000
o!ooo
0,000 VIF
1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
H^ so hoi quy
chuan hoa (Beta)
0,166 0,143 0,048 0,100 0,349 0,107 0,808 0,102 0,133
G i i trj tuy^t doi cua
Beta
0,166 0,143 0,048 0,100 0,349 0,107 0,808 0,102 0,133 1,956
89 d6ng
g^P cua cac
bien
(%)
8,5 7,3 2,5 5,1 17,8 5,5 41,3 5,2 6,8 100,0
TSm
-
troDg
bien
3 4 9 8 2 6 1 7 5 B i e n sd p h u t h u d c : D L L V - D d n g Ivcc ldm v i e c ciia n g u d i I
D u n g l u g n g m a u q u a n sat 2 1 5
F 1 5 9 , 1 6 6 * "
H e sd R^ 0,875 H e sd R^ hidu chinh 0,869 D u r b m W a t s o n 1,952
) d d n g t r u e tiep
Ghi chu: *** Miic >? nghia < 0,01, ** Miic y nghia < 0,05; * Muc y nghia < 0,10 (Kiemdinh 2 phia) C g t miie y n g h i a t h d n g k e (cdt Sig.) d B a n g
6 c h o thdy tdt ca c a e b i l n trii b i l n F3 ' T ) d n g n g h i e p " d e u cd m u c y n g h i a t h d n g k e < 0 , 0 5 . N h u v^y, t a t ca c a c n h a n td F l d e n F 9 trii n h a n td F 3 d i u cd dnh h u d n g d d n g k e d i n d d n g l u c l a m v i e c ciia n g u d i lao d o n g v d i d o t i n c a y 9 5 % .
Tir k i t q u d phdn tich trdn bdng 7 t a thu d u g c m d h m h h d i q u y sau:
D L L V = 9,I6E-'* + 0 , 1 6 6 T T + 0 , 1 4 3 C H + 0 , 0 4 8 D N + 0,1PL + 0 , 3 4 9 T Q + 0 , 1 0 7 M T + 0 , 8 0 8 S O + 0 , 1 0 2 L D T T + 0 , 1 3 3 L D Q T 3.2.6. Thdo ludn liit qud cda mo hinh hdi qui
Cdc biln TT, CH, DN, PL, TQ, MT, SO, va LD deu cd quan hd ciing chieu vdi biln ddng luc Idm vi?e (DLLV). De xac dinh miic do anh hudng ciia cac bien sd ddc lap ta xac dinh he sd hdi qui chuin hda. Cac he sd hdi qui da chudn hda cd the chuyen ddi dudi dang ty le
phan tram dugc the hien trong Bdng 6.
Qua kit qua Bdng 6 ta thdy thii tu tam quan trgng ciia cde bien sd anh hudng den dgng luc lam viec ciia ngudi lao ddng nhu sau: cao nhM la "Sir dn dinh trong cdng viec"; tiep den la
"Trao quyln"; "Ddnh gia thdnh tich"; "Co hoi thang tien va phat trien nghe nghiSp"; "Lanh dao quan tdm"; "Mdi trudng, dieu kien Iam viec"; "Lanh dao tin tudng" va thdp nhat la
"Luang, thudng vd phiic Igi".
3.3. GQI md c^c giai phdp
Dua vdo ket qua phan tich cac nhan to anh hudng tdi dgng 1\TC lam viSc cua ngudi lao ddng ciia tap doan Sentec Viet Nam cd the de xudt mdt sd giai phdp nhdm nang cao ddng luc lam viec cua ngudi lao ddng tai tap doan Sentec Viet Nam nhu sau:
3.3.1. Tgo sir on djnh trong cdng vipc Ylu td nay dugc xlp hang cao nhdt theo 174 T^iP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018
Kinh te & Chinh sdch quan diem cua ngudi lao dgng ciia tap dodn
Sentec Viet Nam va day cung la yeu td quan trgng khong ehi cho vi?c ndng cao dpng l\rc lam viSc, thu hiit ngudi lao ddng cd tay nghe gidi md ca viec gifl chdn nhdn vien. Sir dn dinh trong cdng viee se giiip dn dinh ngudi Iao ddng hdi long hay thda man nhu eau tuong iing cac muc tieu ma ban than da tu dat ra trong qua trinh phdt triln nghi nghiep.
3.3.2. Trao quyen cho ngu&ilao dpng Ket qua nghien cuu trdn da chi ra rdng nhan td trao quyen eho nguoi lao ddng anh hudng 17,8% tdi ddng hre Iam vi?c ciia ngudi lao dgng tgi tap doan Sentec Viet Nam. Vi vgy Tdp doan Sentec can phdi cd k l hoach sdp xlp cong viec phu hgp vdi ngudi lao dgng, giup hg hilu rd ve cdng viec md hg dang lam, phai cho hg thdy tdm quan trong ciia cdng viec hg dang thue hien, ciing nhu cho phep hg duge quyln quyet dinh mot sd van de lien quan den cdng viec nam trong pham vi nang luc ciia hp.
333. Banh gia tbanb ticb cda nguoi lao dPng Ddnh gid thdnh tich nhdm muc dich cdi tiln su thue hien cong viec ciia ngudi Iao ddng va giiip lanh dao doanh nghiep dua ra cac quyet dinh nhdn su diing dan nhu dao tao va phdt trien, thii lao, thang tien... Ddnh gid thatih tich dnh hudng ldn din quyln Igi eiia ngudi iao ddng. Do vdy, day la mdt trong nhung yeu td anh hudng den dgng hrc lam viec cho ngudi Iao dgng. De ddnh gid thdnh tich la ddng luc thiic ddy ngudi lao ddng thi phai sii dung cac ti8u chudn ddnh gia rd rang, phuong phap ddnh gia hgp ly, ngudi ddnh gia phdi cd du trinh dp kiln thiic chuyen mdn va dao diic nghe nghidp, kit qud danh gia cdng bdng vd su dung kit qud danh gia lam ca sd eho cac hoat ddng nhdn sir nhu de bat, khen thudng. Vi$c danh gia thanh tich ciia ngudi lao dgng va cd hinh thiic khen thudng kip thdi la mdt ddng luc Idn cho ngudi Iao ddng thay ddi hanh vi theo chieu hudng tich ci^e vd cdi thien khd rmig lam viec tdt hon.
3.3.4. Tgo cff hpi thdng tiin vdphdt trien nghe nghiep cho ngudi Iao dpng
Mdt trong nhihig nhdn td anh hudng khdng nhd tdi ddng lire lam viec cua ngudi lao ddng tai tap doan Sentec la ca hdi thang tien va phdt trien nghe nghiep. Vi vay, t$p doan nen vgch ra nhung nde thang vj tri nhdy vgt k l tilp cho ngudi Iao ddng, ddng thai cung phai len chuong trmh dao tao phii hgp tiep theo. Vdi nhung ngudi sau khi ddo tao dat kit qud cao trong cdng vi6c thi cdng ty nen quan tdm va tao ca hgi thang tien hgp ly bang each thang ehiic hay giao cho hg nhimg viee Iam mdi, thii thach ban ddi hdi trinh dd va trgng trach cao ban ma hp cd the dp dung nhung kiln thiic mdi hgc hoac dugc giao quyen nhieu ban. Chmh dieu ndy Id ngudn ddng vien chinh ddi vdi bdn thdn ngudi ay hay Iam tot hem nua cdng vi6c minh dang lam va ciing la de eho nhiing ngudi cdn lgi noi theo, tihan thdy rdng cdng ty sin sang thdng tien cho nhiing ai lam vi?c tdt, hieu qua nhdm khich le ngudi lao ddng phat huy hon niia khd ndng ciia minh, vira tao dilu ki8n cho nhirng ngudi lao dgng khac biet va cd gdng phdn ddu de cd the cd dugc vj tri tdt hon trong cdng viec.
3.3.5. Ldnh dgo thu&ng xuyin quan tdm, dpng viin ngu&i lao dpng
Lanh dao ciia tap dodn cdn phai quan tam ddn ddi sdng ca nhdn ciia tung nhdn vien nhu:
sd thich ca nhdn, ddng vien chia se nhirng khd khan khi hp gap phai trong cdng viec hdng ngay. Khi dugc cdp tren dpng vien thi ngudi lao ddng cam thay mmh dugc quan tdm, tii dd se cd ddng luc vd gdn bd vdi cdng ty ban.
Lanh dao chii qudn cac bd plidn can tao dieu kien cho ngudi lao ddng cac bg phdn cd su phdi hgp cdng vi?c vdi nhau, tao nen mgt tinh thin ddng dpi cao, ngudi lao ddng gan bd vdi nhau, hai long vdi bdn than vdi dong nghiep va doanh nghi^.
D I nhdn td nay tac dpng tich cue den ngudi lao dgng thi lanh dao, cac nhd quan ly ciia cdng ty cdn phdi thay ddi tdc phong Idm viec theo hudng cdi md, boa nM de tao cam giac thdn thien gdn gui vdi ngudi lao ddng.
T^P CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018 175
Kinh le& Chinh sach
3.3.6. Van di vi mdi tru&ng vd dieu kiin ldm
_J
viic
Hdu hit cdc nhdn vien deu mong mudn lam viec trong mpt mdi trudng tdt va dS chiu.
Ngudi Iao ddng se cam thay thoai mdi ban neu hg cd the ed duge mdi quan hd tot dep vdi eac ddng nghiSp ciia minh va hp duge tdn trpng. Vi vdy Tap doan can xdy dung bdu khdng khi va van hda doanh nghiep lanh m^uih va nang cao vi thi, vai trd cua ngudi Iao dgng bdng cdc hoat dgng ki'eh thieh tam ly cupe sdng vd tdm I^ nghe nghiep ciia hg.
3.3.7. Ldnh dgo dn tir&ng ngu&i lao dpng Tir kit qua nghi6n cuu tren cho thay, yeu to tin tudng ciia lanh dao ddi vdi ngudi Iao dgng cung anh hudng din ddng lye Iam viec ciia ngudi lao dgng (5,2%). Vi vay ban lanh dao trong tap doan cdn phdi cd sy tin tudng ddi vdi nhan vien. Cd the chiing minh su tin tudng ciia lanh dao doi vdi nhan vien bdng each nhu:
giam bdt sir kiem soat, yeu cdu nhdn vien lap ke hoach hay lich ldm viec trao quyen cho nhan vien. Viec lam nay ciia nha quan ly se khien cho nhan vien cam thay hp thyc sy dugc eoi trpng vd se la ddn bay thiic day hp !dm cdng hien cho edng ty nhieu han.
3.3.8. Vdn di vi luffng, thu&ng vd phdc lgi Trong nghi8n cuu ndy, van de ve luang, thudng va phiue lgi dugc danh gia cd it dnh hudng nhat tdi dgng lue lam vi|c eiia ngudi lao ddng tai tap doan Sentec Viet Nam. Cd the thdy rang trong thdi gian vira qua, ch£ do tien luang, thudng, phuc igi dd dugc tap doan Sentec Vi?t Nam thye hien kha tdt n6n nhdn td ndy cd miic dp anh hudng thap, tuy nhien nd vdn cdn ton tgi mdt sd van dl dnh hudng tdi dgng lye lam vi$c ciia ngudi lao dpng. Trong thdi gian tdi, tap doan tai Vi?t Nam cdn cd chinh sach dilu chinh che dp tien luang, thudng vd phiic Igi cho phii hgp.
Ben canh vdn de vl tiln Iuang thi hoat ddng phiic Igi ciia tap doan Sentec Vi$t Nam cung cdn cd mgt so eai thien nhu: n£n tiep tuc thue hien day dii vd nghiem chinh cdc phiie lgi bdt
bugc theo quy dinh eiia nha nude. Cdng ty ciing cdn chii y gia tdng cac hoat dgng phuc l^i cho nhihig ngudi cong hiln lau nam vd nhfing ngudi lao dgng mdi vdo hon nua. Nhihig nguoi cd tham nien lau nam la nhfing ngudi lao dpng trung thanh, hp ddng gdp cho cdng ty trong khodn thdi gian ddi nen viec quan tdm tdi hg la dieu chinh ddng, cd tdc dung tot trong viec dgng vidn nhirng ddi tugng khdc, dgc bi^t la ngudi lao dgng mdi, hp se xem dd la dich dSn, la nhihig chl dp se dugc hudng trong tuong jaj nlu tilp tyc gdn bd va cdng hien cho cong ty.
IV. K ^ T L U ^
Vi?c nghien cuu cac nhdn to tae ddng dSn dgng lye lam viec ciia ngudi lao dgng true tiSp d Tap doan Sentec \^et Nam la rat cap thiet va la ea sd giiip tap dodn de xudt dugc cac giai phap gdp phan nang cao ddng luc ldm vi^c cho lao ddng trong tap doan. NghiSn cihi nay co muc tiSu xdy dyng vd kilm dinh md hmh bieu thi mdi quan hS giiia cdc nhan td dnh hudng va ddng luc ldm viec cua ngudi lao ddng true ti6p ciia tap dodn Sentec Viet Nam. De dat muc tieu nghien ciiu tren, d l tai nghien cuu da khao sat bdng bang hdi cho 215 ngudi lao ddng hyc tiep sdn xuat ciia tap doan vd da sir dimg mo hmh phdn tich nhdn td khdm pha va da xac dinh dugc 8 nhdn td anh hudng dang ke den dpng Iyc Idm vide cua ngudi lao dpng true tiep, Ian lugt Id: (1) Sy dn dinh trong cdng viec, (2) Trao quyln, (3) Ddnh gia thdnh tich, (4) Co hgi thdng tien va phdt trien nghi nghiep, (5) Lanh dao quan tdm, (6) Moi trudng, dilu kien lam viec, (7) Ldnh dgo tm tudng, (8) Lucrag, thudng vd phiic lgi. Tren eo sd cac nhdn to anli hudng, mgt s6 gidi phap ciing da dugc de xuat nhdm ndng cao dgng luc ldm vi?c cho nguoi lao dgng trong tap doan theo thii ty im tien cua cac gidi phdp theo nraic dp dnh hudng cua cac nhan td. NhCrng gidi phap nay cd the gdp phan hd trg cho vi?c thyc hien cac chinh sach, chien luge phat trien ciia tgp dodn Sentec Viet Nam dugc hi?u qud hdn.
176 T4.P CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018
Kinh te& Chinh sdch TAI U%\} THAM KHAO
1. Cooper, D.R. & p.s. Schindler (2006). Business Research Methods. NXB. McGraw-Hill frwin.
2. Tnrcmg Minh Diic (2011). Ohg d\mg m6 hinh dinh lugng danh gia miic d§ tao dpng l\rc lam vi?c dio nguoi lao dgng c6ng ty TNHH Erissati t^i Viet Nam.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc, DHQGHN, Chuyen san Kmh tl v i kinh doanh, so 27.
3. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C. Babin, B.J., Anderson, R,E., (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
4. Nguyin Khic HoSn (2010). Cdc ylu t6 anh huong den d$ng luc lam viec ciia nhan vien - Nghien cuu truang hop tai ngan h ^ g TMCP A Chau - Chi nhanh Hu^. Tgp chi Khoa hgc, Dai hoc Hul, s6 60(2010).
5. Kovach, K.A. (1995). Employee motivation:
addressing a crucial fector in your organization's pofamance. EntfAoymenl Relations Tod^, 22(2X 93-107.
6. Liru Thj Bich Ngpc, Luu Hoang Mai, Lmi Trong Tuan, Nguyin Th} Kim Ngan, Traong Thi Ngpc Tram, Nguyen Thi Thu Thao & Le Thanh Dung (2013). Nhung nhan td tac dong dai dpng iuc lam viec cua nhan vien trong khach san. Tgp cfu Khoa hpc DHSP TP.HCM, 49(2013).
7. Nguyin Dinh Thp, Nguyin Thi Mai Trang (2007), Nghien euu khoa hpc Maketing - U'ng dj/ing mo hinh cdu true tuyen tinh SEM trong qudn trj kinh doanh. NXB.
Dai hpc Quoc gia, Tp. HCM.
8. Biii Ihi Minh Thu, Le Nguyin Doan KhSi (2014), Nghien ciiu cac nhan to anh hirdng din dpng bfc lam vipc cua nhan vien tryc tiep san xuat o tong cong ty 15p may \1?t Nam (LILAMA). Tgp chi Khoa hpc Tmdng Dai hoc Cin Tha, 35(2014): 66-78.
9. Hoang Trpng, Chu Nguyin Mpng Ngpc (2005).
Phdn tich dii lieu nghien cuu vdi SPSS. NXB. Thing ke.
Ha Npi.
10. Giao m Quynh Uyen (2015). Nghiin cuu cdc nhdn to dnh hudng den dgng luc ldm vi^c ddi vdi nhdn vim van phong tgi cdng ty phdn mim FPT Dd Ndng, L u ^ van Ihac s j QTKD, Dgi hpc Di Ning.
11. Wanda, Roos (2005). TTie relationship between motivation and satisfaction of employees with corporate culture. University of South Africa, USA.
12. Wong, S., Siu, V. & Tsang, N., (1999). The impact of demographic actorsoi Hong Kong hotel employees' choice of jobrelated motivators.
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(5), 230-241.
APPLYING EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS TO STUDY FACTORS INFLUENCING WORKING MOTIVATION OF DIRECT WORKERS
IN SENTEC VIETNAM
Le Dinh Hai
Vietnam National University of Forestry S U M M A R Y
The motivaticn to wwk is one of the most important fectors influ»icing productivity and efficiency of production and business for companies. The main objective of this study is to identify key fectors significanity affecting the working motivation of direct workers in Sentec Vietnam, hi this researdi, we surveyed 215 direct workers in Soitec Viettiam. The results of ExplorattMy Factor Analysis (EFA) indicated Ihat 8 factors, including: (I) Stability in work; (2) Empowerment; (3) Performance assessment; (4) Opportunities for promotion and career development; (5) Lead^'s concern; (6) Environmaital and working conditions; (7) Leader's trust; and (8) Salaries, bonuses, and benefits, significantly affected the working motivation of direct workers in Soitec Vietnam. The findings of this research, therefore, provide implications for development solutions, with the aims of improving the working motivation of direct workers of Sentec Vietnam in particular and in other FDI companies in Vietnam in general.
Keywords: Direct workers, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), influential factors, motivation to work, Sentec Vietnam.
Ngdy Qhdn bai Ngay p h a n bi^n Ngay quyet dinh d a n g
20/8/2017 02/01/2018 09/01/2018
T ^ CHi KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2018
