titi 'iSkO KHOA H9C
NGHIEN Ctru BANH GIA TAG DQNG CUA CAC H 6 C H C A LAI CHAU,
SON LA VA H 6 A BINH BEN DONG CHAY MUA Klf T TREN SONG DA
Vu Thi Minh Hue', D jng Thi Kim Phirgng', Ngo L8 An', DJng Thj Hii VSn' Tom tit: Tren song Bd co 3 hd chua ldn Lai Chdu, San La, Hda Binh vdi nhifm v(/ phdt diin, phong chdng lu vd cdp nude cho ddng bdng song Hdng. Nghiin cuu ndy tgp trung ddnh gid tdc dgng ctia viec van hdnh cdc hd chtia nay din dong chdy mua kiit hg luu sdng Dd khi Quyit dinh 1622/QD-TTg quy dinh van hdnh liin hd chira trin luu vuc song Hong dugtc ban hdnh. Md hinh thuy vdn dugc su dung di mo phong dong chdy cho khu giita kit hgp vdi md dun van hdnh hd chira nhdm diin todn dong chdy vi hg Itm. Sdu kich bdn van hdnh ho bao gdm khi chi co ho Hda Binh, ho Hoa Binh kit hgp vdi ho Son La, cd ba hd diu hogt ddng dugc dua ra nghiin cuu. Kit qud cho thdy, cdc ho chira dd giup ldm gia tdng dong chdy mua kiit them khodng 1,1 - 1,5 m tiry giai dogn vd kich bdn vgn hdnh.
Tiir khia: Ddng chay miia kiet, van hinh hd chiia lien hd chiia, sdng Di, Quy trinh 1622/QD-TTg.
1. BAT VAN DE
Theo quyet dinh sd 1554/QD- TTg ban hanh ngay 17 thing 10 nam 2012 phS duyet quy ho^ch thuy lgi viing ddng bing sdng Hdng 2012-2020 va dinh hudng din nam 2050 ttong dieu ki?n BDKH va nude biSn dang, lugng nude diing cho phat ttien kinh ti xa hoi d ha du nim 2010 la 24 ty m', dir bao din n t o 2020 li 31 ty m' va din nam 2050 la 36 ty m^ Lugng nude thiiu nay chu yeu ttong cac thing mua kiet (tir thing Xll din thing V, chiim din 80%) va hiu hit liy tten h$ thong sdng Hdng Thai Binh.
De dap ling dugc nhu cau nude phuc vu phat trien kinh te, nang cao hieu qua cua he thing hd chiia tten luu vuc song Hdng, Thu tudng chinh phu da ban hanh quyit dinh 1622/2015/QD-TTg ngay 17 thing 9 nim 2015 vi quy ttinh van hanh lien ho chiia tren luu virc song Hdng.
Song Da la phu luu ldn nhit trong he thing sdng Hdng, bit ngudn tii do cao 2240m cua viing Nguy Son, tinh Van Nam Trang Qudc, vao Viet Nam theo ddng chinh tai Mudng Te (Lai Chau), chay qua viing lay Bic va hgp luu vdi sdng Hdng tai Trung Ha (each nga ba Viet
Dgi iioc Tliiiy Loi.
' Cao dang Kinll te, icy tiiudt Vinit Ptjiic.
Tri 12km vi phia thugng lim). Lim virc sdng Da vdi diSn tich li 52.600km^, nim phin ldn ttong vimg Tay Bic, diy li vimg niii cao hiim ttd, dia hinh sip xip theo hudng Tiy Bic - Ddng Nam gdm day mil xen k8 thung lung sdng h?p vi cao nguyto kha rdng. Do djc diim vi dja hinh va hudng mil nen lugng mua tren luu vvrc phin bi khdng diu theo khdng gian v i thdi gian. Lugng mua tap trung ehii yiu tit thing V- IX chiim 85- 88% tdng lugng mua ei nim, viy nta ddng chiy vao mtia lu cimg chiim khoing 80% ting ddng chiy ci nim. Tren luu viic sdng Da co 3 hd chira ldn: Lai Chau, Son La, Hda Binh diu li cac hd chiia Igi dvmg tong hgp. Ddng chiy qua hd Hda Binh ddng gdp din 50% cho ddng chiy ha luu. Vi viy, viec dinh gii tie dgng van hanh cac hd chira tten luu vu-c sdng Di din ddng chiy ha luu, dac bi?t vao mua ki$t li rit quan trgng. Mat khic, theo quyit dinh 1622/2015/QD-TTg, cac hd khi van hanh cin tuan theo cac quy dinh vi gidi han mitc nude tich vao hd vi luu lugng xa ra khdi ho vao timg thdi diem. Nghien cim nay se xem xet viec cac hd van hanh theo quy trinh nay tic dgng din ddng chay ha luu nhu thi nio so vdi tmdng hgp tu nhien.
KHOA HQC K» THUAT THOY Lgi VA Mfil TRI/ftNG . S6 57 (6/2017)
BAN B d LlfU W C SdNG OA iniwwf- n»2Tr<rE I 0 4 W E
MVtTH
ZItlVN
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CHO GIAI
— - Ranh gi(t\ Qii6c Gia A HfichCra
sang 1 1 Ranh gidi lira vvc
• Tr^m khi tirging
• Tram thOy vdn
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/fi«/( i. iwT/ v^c song Dd 2, PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN CtfU
De danh gia dugc vai tro ciia hb chiia trong vifc cap nuoc can phai co sir so sanh muc nuoc ha luu giila thoi ky truoc khi co ho va sau khi co ho trong mua ki?t Mo hinh NAM dugc sur d\mg de m6 phdng dong chay tren s6ng D^ trong trucmg hgp khong c6 ho (hay c6 the coi la mo phdng
dong chdy tu nhien). M6 hinh NAM cung dugc sOr dyng dk tinh toan d6ng chay cho nhiing luu vuc khong CO so Ueu. Dong chay dien toan qua ho chiia dugc mo phong bing phuong phdp can bang nu6c dua trgn cac kich ban van hdnh ho chua. Cac kich ban van hanh ho sii dung trong nghien ciiu nay dvra tren quy trinh van hanh ho 1622/QD-TTg.
MO HINH NAM Mfi phong d6ng chay tren song DA cho cSc luu
v\rc khong do dong chay
D6ng chay l\r nhien
d
QT1622/2015/QD-1Tg
MO HINH DIEU TIET
Lai Chau- Scm La - H6a Binh Scm La - Hoa Binh
M\rc nuac Ben Ngpc
Hinh 2. Sa do cdc budc tinh todn
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THUY Ugi VA M61 TRUCTNG - SO 57 (6/2017)
Di ling dung dugc md hinh NAM cho lira vuc sdng Di tinh tir tram thuy van Mudng Te vi din cic hd Lai Chau, Som La, Hda Binh, luu vvrc sdng Di dugc ehia thanh 11 tiiu luu virc nhd. Cac sd lidu ngay khi tugng thu^ vin da dugc thu thjp bao gdm 22 tram mua 6 tram khi tugng v i 4 tr^im thuy van cita cic nam
1970-1978, 2000-2010. Trong do s6 lidu nim 1970-1974 va 1975-1978 lin lugt dugc sft dyng d i hi^u chinh v i kiim djnh md hinh trong trudng hgp chua cd cic hd chia. Chudi sd li$u 2000-2010 dugc sflr dyng di dinh gii tic dgng ciia cic hd chiia din ddng chay ha lira sdng Di.
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Hinh 3. Sa do cdc tieu luu vuc song Dd 3. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ
Mo hinh NAM mo phong dong chay tren song Da cho ket qua hieu chinh va kiem dinh tai tram thuy van Lai Chau, Ta Bu, Hoa Binh t6t (he s6 NASH ~ 0,96). Bo thong s6 mo hinh NAM da dugc hieu chinh, kiem djnh sir dung de tinh toan tir so lieu mua, hoc hoi nam 2000-2010 de mo phong dong chay tu nhien den cac ho.
3.1. Tmh toan hoan nguyen so lifu liru lirgng bmh quan 10 ngay tai cac vj tri ho Lai Chau - Sffn La - Hoa Binh
Hinh 4. Dudng qud trinh luu luang trung binh 10 ngdy din hS Lai Chdu -San La- Hoa Binh
3.2. Tinh toan dieu tiet cap nird^c va phat dien h^ Lai Chau - Son La - Hoa Binh theo cac phirong an
Dieu tiet h6 chiia vai dong chay den ho la dong chay hoan nguyen den cac h6, d6ng chay ra khoi ho theo cac phuong an van hanh. Bihu tiet v ^ hanh ho dira tren nguyen 1^ can bang nuac va cac nguyen tic van hanh trich quy trinh 1622/2015/QD- TTg, nhu sau:
• PhuOTig trinh can bang nuac:
[(?&)-q,-fr)JrfC = dV (1) Trong do: Q(t) la Imi lugng nuac chay vao ho binh quan trong khoang thai gian dt, qr(t) la Imi lugng nuac ra khoi ho binh quan trong khoang thoi gian dt; dV la chenh lech dung tich ho trong khoang thai gian dt.
• Van hanh ho chiia theo nguyen tdc trong quy trinh 1622/2015/QD- TTg:
Trich di^u 7: Quy dinh 3 thai ky van hanh trong mua lu nhu sau:
Thai ky lu sam: tu ngay 15 thang VI din
KHOA Hpc K? THUAT THUY Lpi VA MOl TRUfifNG - S6 57 (6/2017)
ngiy 19 thing v n .
Thdi ky lu chmh vy: tur ngay 20 thing VII din 21 thing Vin.
Thdi ky 10 mugn: tit ngiy 22 thing VHI den ngiy 15 thing DC.
Trich diiu 8, diiu 9, dieu 10: V?n hinh trong thdi k^ Hi sdm, lu chinh vy, lii mudn.
Trong diiu 9: VS viec v|n hanh trong thdi ky la chinh vu niu sau lOA'III, cin cii nhin dinh tinh hinh thdi tiit cua Trung tSm Khi tugng Thdy vin Qudc gia, niu lii chinh vy cd khi ning kit thic sdm thi tii lOWni- 21Wni hd Son La v i Hda Binh dugc tich din muc nude hi lin lugt l i 209,0 (m) v i 110,0 (m).
Bang 1. Cao trinh mi^c nirdc cao nhat tnrde Iii t^i ho Son La - Hoa Binh
Thdi gian
15^1-19^1 2omi-iowin i0A'in-2iA'm 22A'm - 15/lX
Cao ttinh muc nude cao nhit trudc IG cua cie hd trong thdi k^' lii sdm, mugn, chinh vy (m)
Tich nude mudn (tir ngay 21 A'lll) Hd Son La
200 197,3 197,3 213
Hd Hda Binh 105 101 101 115
Tich nude sdm (tir ngay lOA^Hl) Hd Son La
200 197,3
209 213
HoHdaBtoh 105 101 110 115 Trich dieu 25: Quy dinh m\rc nude toi thieu vao mua ki?t doi voi ho Hod Binh
H [ml Ml^cnird'ct^l t h i l u cita kO Hoa Binh 120
na 100 90 SO 70
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^ - • ^ • - - v , . ^ ^^^^^
| | S S 5 S | 5 | | | 5 a a S 5 s | | | | | | 5 | | | |
Thdi (lan
Hinh 5. Muc nude toi thieu cita ho Hoa Binh tgi cdc thai diim Trich dieu 17: Quy dinh luu lugng xi tdi thiiu cda hd Hda Binh vao miia kiet
Bang 2. Lmi lirfng xa toi thieu trung binh ngay ciia ho Hda Binh [I]
Giai doan 16-30/Xl 1-31/X 1-30/XI l/Xll-31/1
1-28/11
Luu lugng xi tdi thiiu trung binh ngay(mVs)
214 300 600 700 800
Giai do^n 1-3I/I1I 1-30/lV 1-31^
\-\Am 15/V1-15/IX
Luu lugng xa tdi thieu trung binh ngiy(m^/s)
600 800 600 214 214
•> Cong suit huy ddng cho 2 hd Son La - huy ddng 2 hd nam 2012-2013 (Vien Quy hogch Hda Binh dugc gia thiet xip xi vdi cdng suit Thuy Lgi, 2014).
KHOA Hpc KY T H U A T T H O Y Ldi V* MOl TRUdNC - $6 57 (6/2017)
|*JJW> Cong s u i t hi^r dong ho Son La - HAa Binh
2000
1500
1000
500
m'j^-:
... I*.- \ v / ' ^ ^ ^ \ A V N_SonLa
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I i | | | | i | | I I I | | | | l l | | | | | | | | | S l f i l i | | s
Thdii clan
ifiwA (5. Cong raoT huy dpng trung binh 10 ngdy ndm 2012-2013 cua thi^ dien San La - Hoa Binh (MW) Cac phuong an tinh toan trong nghien ciiu:
Kich ban tinh toan Hoannguyen PAl HB PAl HB SL PAl HB SL LC PA2 HB PA2 HB SL PA2 HB SL LC
Phirong an trir nvo^c + ho chu^
Kich ban khong co ho chiia
Phuong an chi co h6 Hoa Binh vdi thcri gian trG nuac mugn Phuong an CO 2 h6 Hoa Binh + Son La vdi thdri gian trii nuac mu^n Phuang an CO 3 h6 Hoa Binh - Son La - Lai ChSu vdi thai gian trii nuoc mugn Phuang an chi co ho Hoa Binh vai thoi gian trii' nude sam
Phuang an CO 2 ho Hoa Binh + San La vdi thdi gian trii nude sdm Phuang an CO 3 ho Hoa Binh + Son La + Lai Chau vdi thdi gian trii nude sdm
> Xay dung bang tinh toan diiu tiit:
Nguyen tdc tinh todn diiu tiit ho Lai Chdu: hd Lai Chau cd nhiem vu bd sung nude cho hi Scm La va Hda Binh (QTI622/2015/QD-TTg, 2015) va trong miia lii muc nude hi duy tri khdng vugt qua muc nuoc dang binh thudng (295 m).
Nguyen tdc tinh diiu tiit hd Scm La: hi Son La van hanh sao cho cao trinh muc nude cao nhat tmdc lu khdng vugt qui cao trinh trong bang 1. Trong qua trinh diiu tiit nhdm nghien cuu cd tham khao them phan cdng suit huy ddng nam 2012-2013 va gia thiit trong giai doan 2000-2010 hi Scrn La ciing cin cung cip lugng cdng suit bing cong suit nam 2012-2013 (Hinh 6). Ho Scm La con co nhiem vu bd sung nude cho hd Hda Binh (QT1622/2015/QD- TTg).
Nguyen tdc tinh dieu tiii hd Hoa Binh: Cao trinh muc nude trudc lii khdng vugt qua cao trinh quy dinh trong bang 1, trong cac giai doan
phii dim bio myc nude tdi thieu cho hd nhu hinh 5, dim bio luu lugng xi tdi thieu xuing ha du nhu trong bing 2 vi gii thiet trong giai doan 2000-2010 hd Hda Binh eung cin cung cip lugng cdng suit bing cdng suit nam 2012-2013 (Hinh 6).
• Cic cdng thiic tinh toin trong bing diiu tiit:
V'*' ,ich = (Q '*' aS„ - q '*' ri). At + V' ,1,^ (2) - Chi sd i bieu thi budc thdi gian tinh toan thui.
- HHL MUC nude ha luu hd chda dugc xac dinh theo dudng quan he qxa~Hi,j i™, trong do qxi la luu lugng xa xudng ha luu cdng trinh, bao gdm luu lugng qua thiiy dien va luu lugng xa thira.
- N(t) la cdng suit phat dien ciia hd: N(t) = K.q,s.(Zh6-HHL),vdiK = 8,5.
Dua tren nguyen tie vi cic cdng thirc tinh toin tren, bang tinh toin dieu tiit cho 3 hi Lai
30 KHOA HQC KY THUiT THUY t p i VA Hdi TRUftNC - S 6 57 ( 6 / 2 0 1 7 )
Chiu- Son La- Hda Bhih dugc thiit lap nhim tinh diin toin ddng chiy qua cic ho.
3.3. Kit qui tinh toin mi^c niid« ung vdi cic phmmg in v^n hinh
Phuang dn tich nude mupn (PAl)
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Mv^ lurdc tmut binh 10 DcHy
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Hinh 7. Muc nude trung binh 10 ngdy giai dogn 2000-2010 - Phuang dn 1- trgm Bin Nggc Nh$n xet: Khi co hd muc nude ha luu tai B^n Nggc dugc cai thi$n ro ret, cu the khi cd ho Hoa Binh muc nude t ^ g nhilu nhat vao tuAn 1/rV khoang +1,25 m. Trong trudng hgp cd hd Son La - Hda Binh va trudng hgp co ca ba ho thi ddng chay dugc cai thi^n nhieu nhit vao tuAn 2/Y lan lugt la +2,27 m va +2,26 m (Hinh 7).
Phuffng dn tich nte&c sdm (PA2)
Hinh 8. Muc nude trung binh 10 ng^ giai dogn 2000-2010 - Phuang dn 2 - trgm Ben Nggc Nhgn xit: Khi cd hd myc nude h^ luu tai Ben Nggc dugc cai thi^n rd r|t, cu thS khi cd hh Hda Binh muc nude dugc cai thi$n nhiSu nhit vao tuan l/IV khoang +1,25 m. Trong khi cd hd Son La - Hda Binh va khi cd h6 Lai ChSu - Son La - Hda Binh, myc nude tai Ben Nggc deu dugc tang thSm nhiSu nh^t vao tuin 2fV lan lugt la +2,30 m va +2,24 m (Hmh 8).
Vdi ca 2 phuang an thang I va thang II khdng phai la nhiing thang muc nude dugc gia tang nhieu nhat nhung lai cd muc nude cao so vdi cac thdng mua kiet vay nSn vi^c van hanh hd chiia ddng vai tro quan trgng trong qua trinh l^y nude cho giai doan d6 ai.
Thdi diem 20/1 1/11
PAl AHl(m)
1,12 1,15
AH2(m) 1,42 1,48
AH3(m) 1,29 1,30
PA2 AHl(m)
1,18 1,11
AH2(m) 1,37 1,34
AH3(m) 1,43 1,43 Trong do: AHI, AH2, AH3 ldn lu0 la mue nude chenh l$ch vdi truang hap co ho Hda Binh, co ho Son La vd Hoa Binh, co hd Lai Chdu ket hgp San La vd Hda Binh so vdi trudng hgp khong co ho chua.
Cong sudt phdt di$tt
Tong cong suat trung binh thang
Hinh 9. Tong cong sudt trung binh thang cua cdc kich bdn
KHOA Hpc K? THUAT THUY LQIVA H O I TRUdNG - S 6 5 7 ( 6 / 2 0 1 7 )
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liVilUil
Nggc ting Ign khoing 1.4 m so vdi khi khdng cd hi; cdng suit phit dien cila h# feing vao mCla ki§t ldn nhit l i tnidng hgp c6 c i 3 ho (Lai Chiu - San La - Hda Koh). Hi Lai Chiu trong qui trinh diiu tiit ddng chiy bb sung dugc ngudn nude cho hi Son La - Hda Binh cv the tii 20/V din tuin lO/VI/2005 va giai dopi tit 10/V din tuin lO/VI/2010. Ttong khoing thdi gian nay, m\rc nude hi Lai Chiu nim h:ong vdng phit cdng suit dim bio nhimg do ho Son La - Hda Binh cd nguy co thiiu nude nen ho Lai Chiu di phii xi bd sung nude cho 2 hd vi ning ting cdng suit 2 hd d?it 2000(MW).
Diiu tiit hd theo phuong in tich nude sdm dem lgi ich cho viee cip nude vi phit di?n vao mua kiet, vdi phuang in niy cd din 7 nim din thing IX hd tich dugc din mvc nude dang bmh thudng vi chi cd 4 nim hi khdng tich dugc diy nude li 2000,2004,2009,2010.
Viec v|n hanh hi chila theo cic quy trinh QT1622 da giii quyit phin nao mau thuan giua cip nude va phit didn trong miia ki^t, ddng thdi qua day nhin thay tam quan trgng eua viec van hanh hd chua trong viec cip nude vi phit dien eho h^ du trong qua trinh phit trien kinh te ciia Hmh 10. Cdng sudt trung binh thdng trong
truang hgp chi co ho Hoa Binh Vai kich bin cd 2 ho Hda Binh + San La vi cd 3 ho Hda Bhih + Som La + Lai Chiu thi ci 2 phucmg in tich nude sdm vi mudn trong giai doan miia kidt cda cic hd cd cdng suat phit dijn cao hon cdng suit huy dgng (Hinh 9).
Kich ban khi chi ed hi Hda Binh vdi 2 phuong an tich nude sdm vi tich nude mudn hd diu khdng dip tag duge edng suit huy dgng vio nhihig thing cudi miia kiet (nhu thing IV, V) ttong khi cae thing IX, X, XI thi hi lai phit cd thi gia tang cdng suit phit dien (Hinh 10).
4. KtT LU^iN
Bii bio dinh gia duge vai ttd ciia vi$c van hanh hi chda phuc vu cap nude eho h? du vio miia kiet. Vdi phuong in tich nude tir ngay 10/Vin, thi mge nude tai tt?m thuy van Bin dit nude.
TAI Lifu THAM KHAO
Thu tudng Chinh phii, Quyit dinh sd 1622/QD-TTg ngiy 17 thing 9 nam 2015, Quy trinh vdn hdnh lien ho chua trin liru vuc song Hdng.
Vien Quy hoach Thuy Lgi, 2014, Nghien cthi xdy dung quy trinh van hdnh hi thong liin hd chira Scm La, Hoa Binh, Thdc Bd vd Tuyen Quang trong mira kiit, De tai NCKH Cap NN.
Abtract:
STUDY ON IMPACT OF LAI CHAU, SON LA AND HOA BINH RESERVOIRS OPERATION ON LOW FLOW IN DA RIVER
Lai Chau, Son La and Hoa Binh reservoirs locate in the Da river for power generation, flood control and water supply for delta. This article examines impacts of reservoir operations following the 1622/QD-TTg rule on low flow in the Da river. A hydrological model is used to simulate runoff in ungauged basins combining with reservoir operating module to route runoff to downstream. Six operation scenarios are developt for analysis The results show that, the reservoir are able to increase the low flow from +l,lm to +l,5m based on different periods and scenarios.
Keywords: Low flow, reservoirs operation. Da river, 1622/QD-TTg.
BBT nhgn bdi: 21/2/2017 Phan bien xong: 24/4/2017
KHOA Hpc Kf THU4T THllY LQl VA Mdi TRlrtlHC • Sd 57 ( 6 / 2 0 1 7 )
