TAP CHi CONG THlftfNG
THlJC TRANG AP DUNG RAO CAN KY THUAT LIEN QUAN DEN TIEU CHUAN
TRACH NHIEM XA HOI (SA 8000) CUA HOA KY DOI VOfI HANG DET MAY
XUAT KHAU CUA VIET NAM
• v u THANH TOAN
TOM TAT:
Hang det may la mgt trong nhtfng mat hang xui't khau chu Itfc cua Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua va ciing se la m5t mat hang ehu dao cho hoat dgng xua't khau cua Vidt Nam trong thdi gian tdi. Nam 2018 la nSm thanh cong Idn nha't ddi vdi hoat ddng xuS't kha'u eua nganh DSt May Viet Nam, vdi long kim ngaeh xua'tkhauU'dedathc(n36ty USD, tang hdn 16% so vdi nam 2017. Hoa Ky la mgt thi trtfdng day tiem nang, nhap khau mat hang del may Idn nhat eua Vi6t Nam, nhimg ciing la quo'c gia khat khe nhS't the gidi ve hang rao ky thuat lien quan den trach nhiem xa hgi.
Trong bai viet nay, tac gia phan tich thtfc trang ap dung rao can ky thuat li6n quan tdi Tieu chuan vd traeh nhiem xa h6i SA 8000 eua Hoa Ky ddi vdi hang del may xua't khau cua Viet Nam. Ben canh do, tac gia cungkhuye'nnghimptso'giaiphapchohangdet may Viet Nam nham vtfdt qua rao can ky thuat cua Hoa Ky Hen quan tdi Tieu chuan nay.
Tiif khoa: Hoa Ky, hang rao ky thuat, traeh nhiem xa hgi, hang det may, Viet Nam.
1. Tong quan ve hoat dgng nhap khau hang det may cua Hoa Ky
Hoa Ky ed dan sd la 328.6 trieu ngifdi linh den ngay 16/4/2019 theo Lien Hdp Qudc, 50,9% la ntf va49,l% con lai la nam. Ngtfdi dan Hoa Ky rat tfa ehuong mua sam hang det may, tinh trung binh moi ngUcfi tieu thu khoang 55 bg quan ao moi nam.
Ngirdi lieu dung Hoa Ky thich stf dung cae san pham del may trong eae chung loai nhtf: sdi nhan tao, len da, hang to lua, cotton... Do nhu cau ve may mae Idn, thi trtfdng Hoa Ky co hang tram nhan hieu del may ndi tieng va gan nhtf moi nhan hieu hang del may tren khdp the gidi deu quy tu ve thi trtfdng nay.
Hang nam, thi trtfdng Hoa Ky eo nhu eau nhap khau hang det may ra't Idn, gan nhu" la chiem da sd Itfdng hang tieu thu irSn thi trtfdng. Day eung la quo'c gia nhSp khau ta't ca ehung loai del may cua cae nUdc tren the gidi ke ca nhtfng ntfdc khong eo quan h& thtfdng mai vdi Hoa Ky.
Theo Bang 1, kim ngaeh nhap khau hang det may eua Hoa Ky cd xu hu'dng tang ttf nam 2011 den nam 2015. De'n nam 2016, Hoa Ky nhap khau it hang del may hdn. nguyen nhan bdi trong nam nay, kinh te the gidi lang trudng yeu do he qua Brexit tac dgng len. Tuy nhien, vao nhtfng ihang cuo'i nam 2016. da ed nhu'ng stf kien thay ddi khuynh htfdng loan cau, dSn den su tang trtfdng
QUAN 1R|-QUAN IV
Bang 1. Kim ngaeh nhqp khau hdng det may cua Hoa Ky
Ban vi: Trieu USD
Nam 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Kim ngacti nh^p khau (tri^u USD) 108001 103614 107642 116017 119732 113649 114182
Nsu. World Inlergrated Trade Solution kinh td vao nam 2017. Bdi vay, kim ngaeh nhap khau hang det may cua Hoa Ky da tang trd lai.
Cd the cu the hda kim ngaeh nhap khau hang det may cua Hoa Ky bang Bieu do 1:
2. Thtfc trang ap dung rao can ky thuat lign quan tdi Ti§u chuan ve trach nhiem xa h^i (SA 8000) cua Hoa Ky d6'i vdi hang det may xuS't khau cua Vi^t Nam
Tren thj trtfdng Hoa Ky, co 2 tieu chuan phd bie'n dd danh gia trach nhiem hen quan tdi trach nhiem do'i vdi xa hgi cua cac doanh nghiep noi chung va nha xuS't khau d6t may ndi rieng. Do la tieu chuan trach nhiem xa hgi (Social Accountability 8000- SA 8000) va ehtfdng trinh ehtfng nhan WRAP (Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production WRAP) quy dinh traeh nhiem loan cau ve mat hang may mac.
SA 8000 dUdc gidi thieu lan dau nam 1997, phat trien dtfdi stf bao trd eua CEPPA (Council on Economic Priorities Accreditation Agency) va mgt nhdm eae td chtfc bao gdm: cae id chtfc lao dgng, cac to chtfc ve quyen con ngtfdi va quyen tre em, cae hgc vien, nha phan phd^i, nha san xuat, nha thau khoan cung nhtf eae nha ttf vd'n, kfi'toan va eong ty kiem dinh. SA 8000 dtfdc thiet
Bieu do 1: Kim nggch nhap khau hang det may cua Hoa Ky
Ddn vi: Tn$u USD
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
IAP CHJ CONG THIfltNG
ke de trd thanh tieu chuan quo'c le' cd the kidm dinh. Trtfdc het. SA 8000 la lieu chuan so sanh va danh gia quydn cd ban cua ngifdi lao dong trong doanh nghiep. Tiep de'n, SA 8000 thuc dly viec dam bao quyen cd ban eiia ngtfdi lao dong trong doanh nghiep. SA 8000 dae biet yeu eau stf edng khai trong eac hoat dgng san xua't - kinh doanh.
Ke ttf khi Hiep dinh Thtfdng mai Viet Nam - Hoa Ky dtfde ky kel, da co mot chie'n dieh quang ba cho SA 8000 vdi nguyen nhan dtfdc nhan djnh rang SA 8000 ehinh la mgt td "gia'y thong hanh"
eho cac doanh nghiep, dac biel la nhifng doanh nghiep stf dung nhidu lao dong tham nhap vao thj trUdng Hoa Ky hay cac thi trtfdng Idn khac nhtf EU, Nhat Ban... Xet neng vdi thi tru'dng Hoa Ky, neu doanh nghiep nao eo chtfng chi SA 8000.
Itfc la ehtfng to du'dc trach nhiem cua doanh nghiep ve mat xa hgi ihi doanh nghidp do se dd gianh dtfdc stf tfu tien ttf phia do'i tae, dac biet la ttf do'i tac Hoa Ky, do do hoat dgng xua't khau hang hda se dien ra thuan ldi hdn.
Ndi mgt each dl hieu hdn, Hoa Ky la mot trong nhtfng qud^c gia de cao trach nhiem xa hgi cua doanh nghiep va day la mdt trong nhffng rao can nghiem ngat nha'l ap dung vdi cac mat hang, trong do cd del may khi muo'n tham nhap vao thi trtfdng nay. Ttfng noi dung, ttfng vS'n de trong SA 8000 can phai dtfdc thiJe hien dung va nghiem tiic.
Lien quan den cac lieu chuan nay, Hoa Ky da dtfa ra nhtfng bao cao sau tdi phia Viet Nam:
- vi tao dong cUdng bdc
Theo Dieu 2.1.1 cua Cdng tfdc ve lao dgng cifdng bdc 1930 (Cdng tfdc sd 29), lao dgng cu'dng btfc va bat buoc dtfdc hieu la mgi cong viec hoac dieh vu ma mgt ngtfdi bi ep buoe phai lam diTdi stf de dga cua mot hlnh phat nao dd va ban than ngifdi dd khong tif nguyen lam.
Bg Lao dgng My da them Viet Nam vao danh sach cac nu'dc ed san pham difdc san xua'l bdi lao dgng etfdng ep va lao dong tre em, khien Viet Nam trd thanh 1 trong 7 quo'c gia tren the' gidi co nganh Del May bi liet vao danh saeh nay. Del May Viet Nam nam trong danh saeh liet ke theo
dao luat Executive Order 13126 \d "Ca'm mua san pham du'dc san xuat bang lao ddng ctfdng btfc hoac lao dgng tre em", HR 1682 (ngay 23 thang 4 nam 2013, Lofgren) ve quy dinh dieu kidn dtfdc htfdng Chu'dng trinh tfu dai thue quan phd c|p (GSP) lien quan den va'n de Iao dgng.
Cac cd quan nhan quyen qudc le hang dau da bao eao ve thtfc trang giam gitf trai phep, bat hdp phap nhtfng ngtfdi stf dung ma tiiy trong cac trung tam cai lao nha ntfdc trd thanh nhtfng "dau mdi"
eung cap lao dgng cho nhieu nganh cong nghiep, trong so' do cd nganh Del May. Cac nhan hieu may mac quo'c te', trong dd ndi com nha't la Columbia Sportswear - mgt cong ty My chuy6n may trang phuc va ao khoac the thao - da bi cao buoc stf dung lao ddng cu'dng btfc thong qua cac trung tam tren d Viet Nam.
Mgt van de dang ehii y nffa la, ngoai viec siJ dung mgt each thtfdng xuyen lao dong ehifa thanh nien trong cac nha may may mae mgt each ba't hdp phap, eon cd tinh trang Iam dung lao dgng tre em, bao gdm ca lao dgng cifdng eplien quan de'n viee buon ban tre em ttf nong thdn ra thanh thi.
Chtfdng trinh Better Work cua To chtfc Lao dgng qud'c te ILO va Bd Lao dong My cung da bao cao mgt vai tru'dng hdp stf dung lao ddng Ire em gan day trong nganh Cong nghiep del may.
Trong mgt bao cao cdng khai nam 2015, chtfdng trinh quan ly nha may may mac eua ILO cho biet, dieu tra vien ciia hg da tim tha'y nhffng tre em 14 tudi dang lao dgng tai 3 trong so' 132 nha may ma td chtfc nay quan ly d Viet Nam.
- Ve belt binh ddng gidi
Cung theo bao cao nay cua Bg Lao dgng Hoa Ky, cong nhan nff trong eae eong xtfdng del may d Viet Nam dang phai chiu stf doi xtf bat binh dang xuat phat ttf viee mang thai. Ho co the bj ttf chdi trd cap thai san theo phap ludt quy dinh hoac tham chi bi duoi viec. Trong cac nha may xu§'t khau det may 6 Viet Nam, phu ntf ehiem 80%
long sd cong nhan va hdu het d do tudi sinh con (Trang Vietnam Net News, "Businesses a Bit Puzzled About Six Month Maierniiy Leave Policy" (Jan. 5, 2013). Dang chu y rang, nhap luat
qUANiai-IIUANlV
Viet Nam dtfa ra nhffng trd cap thai san kha rdng, trong do cd chinh sach ngtfdi stf dung lao ddng phai eho ntf lao dgng nghi de 4 thang sau khi sinh - eon sd^ nay da dtfdc nang len thanh 6 thang trong B6 luSt Lao dgng stfa ddi nam 2015. Tuy nhien, de tranh viec phai thtfc hi$n nhffng quy dinh nhff tren, nhidu doanh nghifip d^t may da cd nhffng hinh thtfc "lach luat", xam pham de^n chuan lao dgng qud'c te'. Mgt hanh vi phSn biet de tranh trd cap thai san chinh la viec thue lao dgng nff theo nhtfng hop ddng lao dgng nff ngan hdn lao dgng nam, thtfdng la 6 thang. Phap luSt Viet Nam cd quy dinh, ngUdi lao dgng co the hifcing trd cap thai san ndu lam vi&c cho ngtfdi stf dung lao dgng td'i thieu mgt nam. Vi v^y, cac cong ty dSt may cd the sa thai nff lao dgng khi hg mang thai, ddn gian bang vi^e ttf chd'i gia han hdp ddng tiep, trifde khi hg cd du didu kien de nhan trd ea'p thai san.
- Ve rdi ro sdc khoe vd an lodn
Mgt trong nhffng rui ro ve stfe khde va an loan edng nhan Viet Nam l^m viec trong cac nha may san xua't may mac la ve 16'i thoat hiem an toan bi khda khi xay ra cac trifdng hdp hda hoan va hg khong dUdc eung ca'p nhtfng thie't b; bao h6 an loan can lao ddng can thie't Trong nhtfng nam gan dSy, khdng hi^'m nhffng vu vi6c chay nha may d^t may xua't kha'u gay thiet hai nghiem trgng ve eon ngtfdi. Thai do chung eua nhtfng ngtfdi chu lao dgng ve va'n dd an loan ndi lam vific dtfdc phan anh trong cugc thanh tra cua Chifdng trinh ILO Better Work Viet Nam ddi vdi ttfng nba may trong nganh eong nghiep dSt may xua't khau. Better Work Viet Nam la mgt phan cua ehUdng trinh hdp tac toan cau giffa To chffc Lao dgng quo'c te' ILO va To chtfc Tai chinh qud'c le IPC giiip cai thi^n dieu kidn iam viec cho ngtfdi lao dgng, tang etfdng nang Itfc canh tranh cua nganh Det May, tang ctfdng dd'i thoai va cai thien mo'i quan hg lao dgng, thue day cgng tac gitfa nha may, khach hang, Cdng doan va Chinh phu.
Chu'dng trinh nay da cdng khai ban bao cao Better Work Vietnam, 2013. Garment Industry 6th Compliance Synthesis Report 3 sau khi giam sat cac nha may dit may cho tha'y viec khong
tu3n thu didn ra v6 ciang phd bien:
- 32 tren 132 eac nha may bi kiem tra (chidm 27%) cd Id'i thoat hiem khan ca'p b; khda, bi che la'p hoac khdng stf dung dtfdc trong cae trtfdng hdp hoa hoan khi cdng nhan d ben trong.
- 42 trSn 132 nha may (chie'm 32%) cdng nhan khong stf dung cac ihidt bi bao hg lao ddng can thidt.
- 30 trong tdng so" 132 nha may (chie'm 23%) khdng hoae han chd trong viec kiem tra, kiem soat edng nhan bi phdi nhiira vdi hda cha't nguy hi^m.
- Ve vd'n de ldm viic qud gid
Cong nhan trong eac nha may xua't khIu del may d Viet Nam khi dtfdc hoi da to' cao rang hg bi buoc phai lam vide hdn rat nhidu so vdi gidi han gid Iam vi^c phap luat quy dinh, tham chi la khdng dtfdc hifdng ba't ki mgt ngay ngbi nao trong tuan. Tuy nhi^n, trong cac ban b^o eao thtfdng nien ciia cac doanh nghiep, dieu nay lai dtfdc
"bao cao gia" hoac khdng nhae ddn. Theo Luat Lao dgng cua Viet Nam, ngUdi stf dung lao dgng khdng the dd eho edng nhan cua minh Iam viec qua 4 tieng mdi ngay, 30 gid mdi thang hoac 200 gid mgt nam Tuy nhien, cac nha may san xua't xuat khau hang may mae van vu'dt qua gidi ban nay, cijng nhtf cac cd sd trong chuoi eung ffng cua cac cdng ty da qud'c gia khac 93% cae nha may bi kiem loan da vi pham gidi han phap ly ve so' gid lam them theo ban bao eao eua ILO Better Work Viet Nam. Cdn theo bao eua FLA (Fair Labor Association) tai Viet Nam, trong nhtfng nam qua, 90% cae nha may vi pham phap luat Viet Nam hoac lulit eiia FLA trong Imh vffc nay.
Khdng chi dffng lai d dd, ILO eung dtfa ra bao cao rang, 60% cac nha may d Viet Nam khdng dam b^o mffc td'i thieu nghi 4 ngay trong mdi thang cho ngffdi lao dgng. Hay ndi mgt eaeb cu the hdn, eae edng nh§n trong da sd'cac nha may phai Iam vi6e nguydn ea 7 ngay trong mgt tu^n ma khdng cd mdt ngay nghi ngdi nao.
- Ve tinh trgng mtic luang khdng thda ddng Mffc Itfdng td'i thieu hdp phap nhin chung da dtfdc tang dang ke, dii de cong nhan chi tra mdt
TAP CHi CONG THirSNG
phan cho cugc sd'ng ciia minh. Tuy nhien, mdt nghien ctfu eua FLA theo ddi tai 15 nha may det may ve viec tra Itfdng da dtfa ra ket qua la 75%
cae nha may da tra mffc lifdng td'i thieu theo quy dinh phap luat con 25% cdn lai tra mtfc Iifdng dtfdi mtfc td'i thieu. (Rachel Wilshaw, Liesbeth Unger, Do Quynh Chi and Pham Thu Thuy, 2013.
Labour Rights in Unilever's Supply Chain: From Compliance to Good Practice). Va ehinh cac chuyen gia ve lu'dng cua Bg Lao dgng - Thu'dng binh va Xa hgi cung thffa nhan rang, mtfe Itfdng to'i thidu nay khong the giup ngifdi Iao ddng dap tfng cac nhu cau ed ban cua cudc sd'ng.
- vi su bdp benh cua cdng viec
Hau hdt cae cdng nhan d Viet Nam Iam viec theo mgt hdp ddng lao dgng ngSn han hoac dtfdc thue qua mgt ben thtf ba. Bdi vay, hg ra't dd gap phai tinh trang boe lot stfc lao dgng va dd'i xtf khdng edng bang, dac biet dieu nay ibtfdng xay ra d cac doanh nghiep xua't khau.
- Ve vd'n de khdng tudn thu Ludt Lao dong va
"trdm luang "
Cac chii doanh nghiep san xua'l xua'l kha'u hang del may khdng tuan thii diing Luat Lao dgng khie'n cong nhan de gap phai tinh trang cham lu'dng, thieu lifdng hoac khdng dtfdc ira cac khoan phuc ldi bao hiem xa hgi. Vi pham phd bien trong ITnh vffc del may xua't khau ciia Viet Nam la viec phu nhan tidn Itfdng va ldi ieh hdp phap ciia ngtfdi lao dgng. Thanh tra nha may theo chtfdng trinh ILO Better Work Viet Nam da dtfa ra con so'cho tha'y 19% cac doanh nghiep khong the tra mtfc Iffdng td'i thieu theo quy dinh eua phap luat Viet Nam eho ngffdi lao dgng trong gid Iao ddng binh thtfdng va khoang 30% khong eung ca'p cho ngtfdi lao dgng mtfc td'i thidu ddi vdi gid Iam them theo quy dinh.
Vdi eae dieu kien Iao dgng nhif tren d trong eae nha may san xua't xua'l khau may mae theo eae bao cao ke tren, Vi6t Nam dang gap phai nhtfng khd khan Idn khi dd'i mat vdi nhffng rao can ki thuat cua Hoa Ky,cu the d day la rao can ve tieu chuan ve trach nhi^m xa hdi theo SA 8000. Do dd, eac doanh nghiep xu3't khau det may ciia Viet Nam ludn vtfdng phai stf trd ngai
trong viec dUde ea'p chtfng chi SA 8000 de cd the thSm nhap vao thi trtfdng Hoa Ky. Tuy Viet Nam da nd life thay ddi nhffng van de tr6n, thong qua stfa ddi cai tien Luat Lao dgng, nhtfng day vln la mgt tinh trang khd giai quyet.
3. Mot so' giai phap cho hang det may Vi$t Nam nham vuT^t qua rao can ky thu3t li^n quan tdi T16u chuSn ve trach nhi^m xa hoi (SA 8000) cua Hoa Ky
3.1. Ve phia Nhd nUdc
Nha nudc ddng mgt vai tro bet stfc quan trgng trong viec hd trd cac doanh nghiep det may vtfdt qua nhtfng rao can ky thuat ciia eac quo'c gia nhap khau ndi ehung va Hoa Ky ndi ri6ng. Nha ni/de vdi vai trd dieu tiet kinh te bang cac chinh sach kinh te vT md se can cd nhffng chinh sach tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho cac doanh nghiep xua't khau del may Viet Nam co them im th6 va stfc manh de tham gia vao san ehdi qud'e te. Cac giai phap ttf phia Nha ntfde giup cho hang det may Viet Nam vffdt qua rao can ky thuat lien quan tdi Tieu chuan ve traeh nhiem xa hdi SA 8000 ciia Hoa Ky cd the bao gdm:
- Nang cao nang Iffc nhan thtfc va phd bien thong tin ddn cac doanh nghiep ve eae rao can ky thuat cua Hoa Ky lien quan tdi Tieu chuan ve traeh nhiem xa hgi SA 8000 do'i vdi hang del may.
Ne'u eae thdng tin do Nha nUdc eung ca'p dtfdc phd bien, eae doanh nghiep xua't khau ndi chung va trong nganh Det May ndi rieng se giam dtfde dang kd chi phi lim kie'm thdng tin. Khdng ehi vay, day cdn la giai phap gitip ciing eo' nhSn thtfc va tang ctfdng tinh doan ket, phd'i hdp trong eong ddng doanh nghiep ciing nhtf cac cd quan quan ly eiia Nha ntfdc.
- Viel Nam eung nen xay dUng mgt he tho'ng cac quy dinh cd Hen quan ldi trach nhiem xa hgi dd'l vdi nganh san xua't del may theo chuan qud'c td.
Viec xay dtfng mgt he thd'ng eac quy dinh cd lien quan tdi traeh nhiem xa hgi do'i vdi nganh san xuat det may theo chuan qud'c tdse giup cac doanh nghiep san xua't det may cd the na'm chae.
66 So 13-Thang 7/2019
QUANTRJ-QUANLY
tidp can va kinh doanh trong mdt mdi trffdng phap ly Iffdng ttf nhff d eac thi trtfdng khae. Cd nhff vay, cac doanh nghiep khdng cam iha^y bd ngd khi tiep xiic vdi cac quy dinh, luSt le d qud'c gia ma minh xua't kh^u hang det may, trong do cd thi trtfdng Hoa Ky.
- Xtf ly, tuydn dtfdng doanh nghiep trong thffe hien trach nhiem xa hgi.
Ttf trudc den nay, cac cd quan quan ly cdn thieu kien quyet trong viec xtf ly vi pham eua cac doanh nghiep. Ben canh do, cac che tai xtf phat chtfa dii manh cung la nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang cac doanh nghiep lien tiep sai pham, do do can CO che' tai ran de dii manh vdi cac doanh nghidp. Va ngtfde Iai, can tuyen difdng thifdng xuyen, kip thdi cac doanh nghiep thtfc hien to't traeh nhiem xa hdi.
3.2. Vi phia Hi^p hgi DSt may
Vdi vai trd la cau nd'i giffa doanh nghiep san xua't trong ntfde vdi thi trtfdng ntfdc ngoai, Hiep hdi Del may cd vai trd ra't quan trgng trong hoat
ddng xua't kha'u - nhap khau cua eae doanh nghidp Vidt Nam dd'i vdi cac nganh san xuS't ndi chung cung nhtf nganh san xua't det may ndi ridng. Hidp hdi Ddt may e^n tid'p tuc day manh vide thdng tin tuyen truyen, phd bid'n cho cgng ddng doanh nghiep kien thtfc ve cac rao can ky thuat eiia Hoa Ky lien quan tdi traeh nhiem xa hoi dd'i vdi hang del may va xay dtfng cd che' canh bao sdm va phd'i hdp xtf ly cae riii ro ve tranh cha'p Ihffdng mai qud'c td'.
3.3. Ve phia doanh nghidp
Ben canh nhffng cong cu didu tie't vT md ciia Nha ntfdc va ciia Hidp hgi Ddt may, ban than eac doanh nghidp san xua't va xuat khau del may can phai nang cao nhan thffc, vai trd cua ngffdi lanh dao trong thffc hien traeh nhidm xa hdi doanh nghidp, tuSn thu phap luat Vidt Nam va Hoa Ky ve lao dgng va moi trtfdng, nham nang cao chS't Itfdng va dap ffng dtfdc cac yeu eau ve cac rao can ky thuat lidn quan tdi trach nhidm xa hgi dd'i vdi hang del may, dac biet la Tieu chuan ve trach nhidm xa hgi SA 8000 cua Hoa Ky •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. TS. Do Quynh Chi (9/2016), Cdc vdn di lao dgng trong ngdnh Del may Viet Nam, Trung tdm Nghien cdu quan he lao dgng.
2. Ban Phdp chi- Phong Thuang mgi vd Cong nghiep VielNam. 2013, Rao cdn ky thudt doi vdi ihuong mgi (TBT).
3. Ban Quan hi Qudc le - Phdng Thuang mgi vd Cong nghiep VielNam. 2016. Ho so thi trUdng Hoa Ky.
4. Tdng ci^c Hdi quan, 2019, Kim ngaeh xud'l khdu mdt sdmgt hang chii yS'u cda Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky.
5. hllp://www vietnamtextile org.vn/
6. http://www.vielnam-ustrade.org
7. Better Work Vietnam. 2013 Garment Industry 6th Compliance Synthesis Report 3. Available af htlp//helterwork.org/vietnam/wp-content/uploads/BWV-6thsynthesis-reporl.pdf
Ngay nh0n bai: 8/6/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chiifa: 18/6/2019 Ngay chS'p nhan dang hai: 28/6/2019
So 13-Thang 7/2019 67
I A P GHl GONG THIflfNG
Thdng tin tac gia:
TS.VC THANH TOAN Trif&ng Dai hoc Ngoai thUdng
IMPACTS OF THE SA 8000 - SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY STANDARDS OF THE US ON VIETNAM'S TEXTILE AND GARMENT EXPORTS
• Ph.D VU THANH TOAN Foreign Trade University
ABSTRACT:
Textiles and garments have been one of Vietaam's key export products in recent years. In 2018, Vietnam's textile and garment industry experienced the biggest export turnover which is estimated at over US $36 billion, an increase of 16% compared to 2017. The United States is the largest importer for Vietnam's textiles and garments and is a promising market. However, this market has the strictest technical barriers related to the social responsibility in the world.
This artilce is to analyze the SA 8000 - Social Accountability Standards of the US which is applied for Vietnam's textile and garment exports. In addition, this article also proposes some solutions to help Vietnam's textiles and garments overcome the US's technical barriers under the SA 8000.
Keywords: The United States, technical barriers, social responsibility, textiles and garments, Vietaam.
