TF?Ao oQi Y Ki^N aaaaa
DirdNG SAT DO THj KHONG DA BALAT, CO DA BALAT ini. NHiraC DIEM VA GIAI PHAP THUC HIEN KHA THI
PHAM VAN KY Trudng dai hpc Giao thong Van tai
Tdm tat:
Hl^n nay mdt s6 tuyin dudng sit dd thi d Vidt Nam dugc thidt ki kit ciu dudng khdng dd baldt Bdi bdo phdn tich nhQng uu nhugc diim cOa hai to^i kit ciu. Tu dd kiin nghi gidi phdp thgc hi$n khd thi.
Summary:
This is one of Vietnam's urban railway stmcture using ballast The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of railway structures without ballast and railway structures. False to recommend implementation feasible ballast stone.
T
a cic t i i iiSu nudc ngoii clio th^y dudng sat 66 thj cua cic nudc: Phip, Hin Quflc, Sinhgapo, Philippin ih sd dung dirdng cd dd baiil d cdc luyen di iren cao; Ddc, Nh$t Bin vi Trung QuCfc chu yfi'u sd dung dudng l<hdng d i taaiiLSy xult hiin dudng s i t khong da balat nhim giai quyet nhO-ng khuylt dilm cua du-dng eo da truyen thong nhu- tinh chf giu- du-Q/c eie kieh thu-dc hinh hoc trong thdi gian ngin n i n khoi lu'O'ng cdng t i e duy tu bao dudng Idn; Ou-dng s i t khdng da balit la mOt hinh thirc k i t c l u du'dng tgo dilu kiin it duy tu, t h i m chi khong phai duy tu, nd phu h(?p cho du'dng s i t dd thj co mgt dO tau chgy Idn. vi v i y d i y l i u-u diem n i i bat n h l t ciia no so vdi k i t clu du'dng ed d i balit.
1. Ifu diem cua ket cau dudng khong da balat
So vdi du'dng s i t ed da balat thi du'dng s i t khong da balat ed c i c uu dilm sau:
- Nhd cd hai Idp t i m d i m dan hoi (1 du-di ray va Idu'di g i i dd) m i vj tri hinh hpc cua du'dng giO"
du-c^c l i u dai, giim rd r i t khoi lu-p'ng duy tu bao dirdng du'dng. Do giim duy tu m i nang cao hiiu suit sir dyng dudng, giam thilu sy ean thiip d i n qua trinh v i n t i i n i n giam sy co.
- Chi phi sda chu'a trong chu ky tuoi the? thip.
- T u i i thp si> dyng d i i (trin 60 nim) - DO khdng phlng thuin sdng d i i t i t . I n djnh c i n
I s l 5 nam 2013
bing dan hoi tot va co t h i nang cao dO thich nghi di tau cua hanh khach.
- Lyc can theo phuang ngang cua dudng dupc nang cao (lyc can ngang cua dudng co da la 12KN/ ta v?t, cua dudng khong d i la 25KN/ ta v§t) va cd the dat dO an toan chgy t i u cao.
- Chieu cao k i t cau nho, trpng lupng ban thin nhp, CO the giam tmh khong trong dudng ham, giam tTnh tai c l u .
- Dpm dudng sach va khong cd hien tupng vang da ra ngoai nhu dudng co da.
2. Cdc van de tdn tai cua dUofng sat kliong da
So vdi dudng co d i , ton tai chu y l u cua k i t c l u dudng khong d i la:
2.1. o l u tu* ban d i u Idn: Day la mOt trd ngai quan trpng nhlt de md rOng quy mo dudng khong da. Nhung phan tich dau tu ban dau cho dudng khong da ban than nd da la mOt v i n de tuang doi phuc tgp. UIC cho ring d i u tu ban dau dudng s i t khong da kieu tam ban cua Nhgt[ ] b i n g 1,3 -1,5 so vdi dudng cd da va dudng sat khong da kieu Rheda cua 0uc[ ] bing 1,5-1,7 l l n dudng co da.
Bang c i c h quy ngp chi phi d i u tu ban d i u mOt s l logi dudng dudng s i t khOng da balat va dudng ed da balat, da ait ra ty l i d i u t u ban d i u dudng khOng da so vdi dudng cd d i ndi ehung la khoang 1,3.
W(m
aaaaa'jRAo odi Y KI^N
B i e u l :
Phdn tich chi phi dudng sit khdng dd (DKD) dan vj: ddta/m
n
1 2 3 4
5
6
Loal tfuimg
Oucmg CO 6i balat truyen thong Oudng CO 6i t>alat t^ vet b^n rong {Xrcmg khong ii balat kieu tam bJn SLAB Oudng khong 6i balat kieu goi dd loai hlnh Edilen
Dudng khong Hi balat kilu dion t^ vet loai Rheda
Budng khong dS balat kieu chon ta vet loalBafourBeatly
Chl phf
$/m 1037 1195 1345 1315
1315
1400 xay dung H i d 1,00 1,15 1,3 1,27
1,27
1,35 Chl phf duytu
$/m 125 102 114 114
114
91
Theo t i i lipu [3] chi phi x i y dyng dudng ed d i balat l i 350 Euro/m, chi phf x i y dyng dudng s i t khdng d i balat thip nhlt 500 Euro/m, cao nhlt 750- 1100 Euro/m, tuy theo chilu d i i x i y dyng m i g i i s i giim d i n , nhung du cho phuang phip Uii cdng duac t l i uu hda, chilu d i i x i y dyng ed ting l i n , ty Ip g i i thinh x i y dyng giO'a dudng khdng d i balat vdi dudng ed d i balat v i n trong khoing 1,5-2,0. Ngoii ra cung c i n chu y ring ehi phf x i y dyng thyc t l ludn cao han chi phi tinh theo dy toin.
Hiiu q u i kinh t l cua dudng s i t khdng dd balat so vdi dudng s i t cd d i balat chi ed t h i tir tinh t o i n chi phi duy tu dudng cd d i balat ting len. Thdi gian c i n bing v i n thu ehi cua dudng khdng d i balat l i 10 - 1 2 n i m . NhO'ng nhdn td dnh huvrng den diu tw ban dau vd hidu qua kinh t6 ciia duvng khdng da balat Id:
- Xdy dyng v i sua chO'a dudng s i t khdng d i balat ehua dgt trinh dO ty dOng hda, c i n cd bipn phip d i m bao chit luang dudng khdng d i balat. NghTa l i phii ting t h i m chi phi va thdi gian eho vipc kilm soit chit luang thi edng, han nija nhO'ng khilm khuylt v l chit lupng thi cdng s i d l Igi hilm hpa t i l m I n cho thdi ky su dgng, liic dd phai tra g i i cao d l khic phgc.
- Khi d i t dudng khdng d i balat t r i n nen dudng chi phi t i n g thim d l khing c h l lun cua n i n mdng dirdng khdng d i balat cao han dudng cd d i balat tir 2-2,5 l l n , vi dO s i u x u ly n i n dudng khong d i balat Idn han dudng cd d i balat.
- Cdng t i c sua chua dudng s i t khdng d i balit cung phuc tgp han dudng cd d i , do dd ein ehi phi v i thdi gian sua chda Idn hon. Khi s l n i m su dgng
dudng khdng da balit t i n g l i n , thuang t i n cua dudng cung tang l i n , hiiu qua kinh t l cung giim di tuang d l i . Moi khi dudng hu hdng, chi phf do phii ddng dudng mOt thdi gian d i i d l sua chO'a cOng se tuang d l i Idn.
- Oudng khdng d i balit trong h i m cd hiiu q u i kinh t l t i t so vdi dudng cd d i balat, edn trin c l u v i t r ^ n i n dudng hipu qua kinh t l thudng thip.
2.2. T i l n g I n : Tren dudng s i t dd thj tilng I n cOa dudng khdng balit cao han dudng cd d i 5 db, phgm vi truyin i m tuang doi Idn. Ndi chung tilng I n cua kit d u dudng s i t khdng d i balat cd t i n s l 250 -1.000 Hz.
C i n i p dgng cae bipn phip giam tilng I n nhu ray ning dudng khdng khe n i l (giim 10% dO I n ) , phg kiin giO"
ray kilu giim c h i n (giim 3db), k i t c l u dudng ray tim"
ban d i t n i i (giim 20 db), thilt bj hut c h i n dOng nhilu Idp kilu treo (giam 3db).
2.3. Tinh d i n hoi cua du>d>ng sat khdng d i balat:
Tinh d i n h l i eua dudng khdng d i balat do phg kiin giO- ray eung e l p , m i nd dup-c thilt k l thda m i n cic y i u c l u chit ehe v l lya chpn v i t lipu v i tiiu chuin kT thugt d l thyc hipn d i n h l i d i u theo phuang ngang v i phuang dpe. Oudng s i t cd d i balat khd tgo duyc din h l i d i n g d i u theo phuang dpe do d i e dilm hgt rdi cua c i e vien d i balit.
2.4. Phoi hg-p v d i h? thong mgch d i f n du'dng ray:
Tren dudng s i t dd thj su dgng mgch diin dudng ray se xult hign t i c dgng dign tir tuang d l i Idn giO'a mgng ludi c i t thip eua dudng khdng d i balat v i dudng ray, c i n phii ed bipn phap t i n g dipn trd c i c h diin eua phg kign giu' ray va giam ddng c i m ung cua mgng ludi d t thep.
2.5. Si>a chOa va khdi phyc: Oudng khOng d i l i kit c l u cung, muln dieu ehinh trgng t h i i hlnh hpc cua dudng phii nhd v i o phg kign giu' ray, nd chf dilu chinh dup'c trong phgm vi nhd. N l u xay ra biln d l i trgng thii d muc dO Idn, vigc dieu ehinh khong nhu-ng h i t sue khd khan m i cdn phai tra g i i d i t . D i e bigt l i dudng khdng da balit kieu t i m ban be tdng, khi dgt d i n cudng dO gidi hgn se bj nut gay, khi dd kfch thudc hinh hpc s i bj bien d l i Idn. O i y l i v i n de khd sua chO'a nhlt cho dudng s i t khdng da balit.
O i n nay, do nguyin n h i n t r i t binh hoic lun n i n mdng q u i Idn... l i m dudng khdng d i bj hu hdng nghiim trpng?-cdn ehua de ra d l ra duyc c i c biin phip sua chu'a cd hiiu q u i .
3. DUdng c6 dd:
Ogm dudng l i ldp d i balit cd tinh n i n g d i n h l i v i
S i s ndm 2013 I
TRAO 061Y Ki^N aaaaa
giim chin t i t , k i t d u dan g i i n , c i c bO phin dudng gilng vdi dudng s i t q u i c gia, yeu d u d l i vdi phg kien giO' ray khdng ddi hdi nghiem ngit. T i vpt b i tdng trin d u cd d i balit, phg kiin giD' ray d i u l i s i n phim djnh hlnh. G i i c i c logi k i t d u dudng r i , thugn tipn lap d i t v i b i o dudng. Oilu chinh dO lun trg d u v i dO vong ciJa d u do ti> biln bing each tang chilu d i y Idp da balat.
Dudng cd d i t r i n d u l i m t i n g tTnh tai cua d u , trong him l i m t i n g t i l t diin h i m . Khii luang cdng t i c duy tu b i o dudng dudng tuang doi Idn, bgi bgm do t i c nghiip chin dudng (tu 12gid d i m d i n 4 gid sang) va tilng I n cua nd anh hudng d i n l i m vigc va nghf ngai cua ngudi d i n thinh p h i hai ben dudng.
Viic duy tu dudng ed da, hipn nay d i thyc hign ca gidi hda, ty dOng hda d trinh dO cao, dO ehinh x i c trong t i c nghiip bing m i y mdc dudng 10 logi Idn ngay cang cao, chit lup^ng ngiy c i n g t i t , do dd giQ' dup'c trgng thii hlnh hpc dudng ngiy c i n g l i u b i n . Chi phi duy tu thip han t i c nghigp thu cdng.
4. Klii nang sui dung duijrng sat co da cho cac tuy^n dl trgn cao
4.1. Khdng n i n logi bd du'dng cd da balat Ting hpp tinh hinh neu d t r i n , k i t hp-p vdi dieu kign kinh t l nude ta t h i y r i n g edng t i c thilt k l , thi cong va duy tu b i o dudng d i u da cd kinh nghigm phong phu.
0 nhiem do d i m dudng d i balit trong thinh pho nho;
Su dgng phg kiin d i n hoi de d i l u ehinh cao dO ray.
Giim thieu khii lup'ng edng t i c duy tu bao dudng nhd Uiyc hiin ea gidi hda, ty dOng hoa cong t i c de khic phgc khuylt dilm, phat huy uu diem cua dudng co da balat thi cd t h i dgt dudng cd da balat cho cac tuyln dudng s i t dd thj di tren cao d nudc ta.
4.2. G i i i phap t h i l t k l
- Su dgng d i cirng nhu d i hoa cuang va chen chat khi thi cdng se lau bj tron cgnh, nhd do ma keo dai thdi gian phii sang da balat pha cot.
- O i t tudng c h i n da hai ben thinh d u , de da balat khdng bj v i n g ra ngoai va qua thdi gian chgy tau Idp d i v i n on djnh.
- Su dgng phg k i i n giQ' ray kilu d i n hoi cd the dieu chinh kich thudc dudng.
4.3. G i i i p h i p duy tu b i o d u d n g d u d n g cd da balat - Duy tu b i o dudng dudng bing may mdc ca gidi hda v i ty dOng d l giu dup-c trgng thii dudng ben l i u . - Sir dgng m i y m i i ray d l b i o d i m ray phlng thuin.
- O i l u chlnh dudng b i n g phg k i i n giO- ray kilu dan
I s l 5 nim 2013
hoi, nhu vgy khdng thudng xuyen x i o trpn Idp d i balit thi khoi lup-ng duy tu bao dudng s i d i n d i n giam thilu.
K^T LUAN: Nhu phan tich d tren hoan toan cd t h i s u dung d u d n g s i t cd da balat tren c l u va tren mgt d i t (khu de pd) ma van it phai duy tu bao d u d n g va phu hap vdi d u d n g s i t dd thj cd so c h u y i n tau trong mpt g i d cao ma chi phi dau t u ban d i u va khai thac van nhd. •
TAl y e u THAM KHAo
[1]. H i sa thiet ke tuyln OSOT H i NOi - H i Odng.
[2]. Thilt k l IVIetro, thyc t l v i ly lugn (2009) [3]. Triiu Q u i c Oudng (2006). K i t d u dudng s i t khdng da, N h i x u l t ban dudng sat Trung Q u i c
