KHOA HOC C6NG NGHE
^1
6-^
KHAO SAT DAC TIIVH CUA CAC CHUIXIG X A KHUAIXl CO TRIEIM VQMG TROIVG QUAIXl LY BEIXIH
^^ oC DDIVI vAlV HAI LLIA
L6 Minh Tuongi, Pham Tuin Vtf, Ngd Thi ffim Ngarf T6MTAT
Mac ti&u ciia nghien cuu nhiim khao sat dSc tinh o i a cac chung xa khuan co trien vong trong quan ly benh ddm v i n hai liia thong qua kha n&ng itc che s u moc mam ciia x a khuan doi voi hach nam Rhizoctonia solani gay benh dom vin va kha nang kich thich tang truong cay Ma. Co 7/12 chiing x a khuan thi nghiem co kha nang lie che tdt su mpc mam cua hach nam R solani trong moi tnrong PDA a thoi diem 5 ngay sau thi nghi&m. Kha nang hoa tan Ian kho tan cua cac chiing x a khuan dupc thi nghi&m trong moi tnicmg chiia tricanxi phdt p h a t K^t qua cho thay co 10/12 chung xa k h u i n c6 t h e hoa tan lan kho tan trong do 2 chung Actinomyces spp. CT-STlb va Actinomyces spp. Iffi-STSb c6 ban kinh vong phan giai lan cao hon so voi cac chling con Iai. T^t ca 12 chiing xa khuan thi nghiem d^u co th^ ti^t lAA, trong do c h u n g Actinomyces spp.
T O V L l l b cd ham luong lAA dupc tidt ra cao nhat (2,25 pg/ml). Khi ngam huyen phii cac chiing xa khuan nay voi hat gidng Jasnune 85 cho thay chung Actinomyces spp. TO-VLllb cho hieu q u a kich thich tang truong cay liia thong qua ty le nay mam, chi^u dai than mam, c h i ^ dai r§ mSm va khdi lupng kho ciia rk mam cao hon so voi cac nghiem thiic chiing xa khuan khac va ddi chiing.
TixMida: Benh dom VSn, hda tan lan, lAA, kich tiu'ch tSng Uuong, xa khuan.
L BAT VAN BE
Xa k h u a n la n h o m vi sinh v a t c o vai tio t o lon t r o n g p h o n g b i b ^ n h c a y d o x a k h u a n c o t h e u c c h e m a m b e n h voi n h i ^ u c o c h ^ n h i r tiet k h a n g sinh, s u tifiu sinh, c 6 n g sinh v a k y s m h . . . Xa k h u a n cd t h e tiet r a c a c e n z y m ngoai b a o n h u : chitinaza fOuecine et al.. 2008), glucanaza, p-l,3-glucanaza c o t h ^ u c c h ^ n h i ^ m a m bfinh. B e n c a n h d o , c o n c o t h e kich thich t i n h k h a n g b e n h c u n g n h u g i u p c a y t r o n g c o k h a n a n g c h d n g chiu d d i vdi dieu kifin b a t loi ( K a s e g a w a e f a Z . 2006). G a n d a y t h e o n g h i e n c u u c u a M e g u r o et al. (2004), k h i tifim dich trich c u a c h u n g Streptomycespadanusvao g i d n g c a y n g u y e t q u e c h o t h a y k h a nSng chiu m a n cao. T u o n g t u a tfai n g h i e m ciia H a s e g a w a etal (2006) d d i v d i n h O n g c a y g i d n g d u o c x u Iy voi Streptomyces padanus c h u n g AOK-30 s e k h d n g b i h e o s a u 1 g i o c o n voi n h i i n g c a y c o n k h d n g d u p c x u ly s e h i h e o s a u 1 ^b t r o n g c u n g dieu kifin. Bfin c a n h k h a n 5 n g s a n s i n h e n z y m g l u c a n a z a , chiing x a k h u d n n p i s i n h Stieptomyces sphalis c d n cd tii^ ti^t ra m d t sd c h a t c o k h a n a n g k i c h t h i c h t a n g tiudng n h u : lAA, GA,, IPYA, iPa, m o t p h a t h i e n c d loi
' Khoa Nong nghiep va Sinh hpc img dung, Tniong Dai hoc Can Tho
' Hpc vien cao hoc nganh Bao ve Thirc vai, Tnrong Dai hoc Can Tho
t r o n g v i e c s a n x u a t c a y t r d n g t r e n n ^ n dat ngheo d m h d u o n g (EI-TarabUy etal., 2009; Abd-Alla etal, 2013). N a m 2012, tiu n g h i e m c u a Gopalakrishnan et al. k h a o sat k h a n a n g k i c h t h i c h l u a n a y m4m ciia ba c h u n g Stieptomyces (CAI-21, CAI-26 v a MMA32) dJ g h i n h a n d u o c c a b a c h u n g d 4 u c d ty le n a y mam, chifiu d a i rfi m a m cOng n h u c h i e u dai t h a n mam ih c a o h o n so v d i d d i c h t i n g s a u 5 n g a y s a u k h i xii ly.
K e t q u a nghifin c u u c u a L e M u i h T u d n g va Ngd TTii K u n N g a n (2014) d a t i m r a c a c c h i i n g x a khuan co k h a n a n g d d i k h a n g v o i n a m g a y b e n h d d m v ^ hai Ilia t r o n g dieu k i e n p h d n g t h i n g h i e m . D o dd, nghi&i c u u n a y tiep t u c k h a o s a t m p t s d d a c tinh cua d c c h l i n g x a k h u a n d d v a n h ^ t i m r a c h i i n g x a khuan vira c d k h a n a n g d d i k h a n g v d i n a m g a y b e n h &6m v i n h a i l u a (Lfi M u i h T u d n g v ^ N g d T h i Kim Ngan, 2014), vira c d k h a n a n g k i c h t h i c h s u p h a t t n e n ciia c a y Ilia, tir d d g i u p c i y l u a c h d n g c h i u vdi m a m b ^ v a dieu k i e n h a t lgi ciia m d i t r u d n g s d n g .
2. VAT UBJ VA PMJQNG PHAP NGHBV CtiU 2.LVatUeu
Cac chung xa khuan dirpc su dpng trong thi nghifim deu the hien kha nang ddi khang vdi nam Rhizoctonia solani gay bfinh ddm v ^ (khd vin) ha lua trong dieu kien phdng thi nghifim (Lfi Minh Tudng va Ngo Thi Kim Ngan, 2014).
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/201^
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHl
22. Phirong p h ^ nghifin cum
2.2.1. Thi nghi&m 1: Khao sit anh huong cua xa 'Jiuan doi voi su moc mam cua hach nam gay b^nh td'm vin hai lua
* Muc tidu: Nhim chpn ra chiing xa khuan cd h a nang lic ch^ su moc mdm ciia hach nam 'ihi^)ctonia solani
* Bd tii thi nghidm:!^ nghifim dupc bd tri hoan 0 ^ ngiu nhifin mdt nhan td vdi 5 lan lap lai, mdi xa
±iuan cd trien vpng la mdt nghifim tinic. Nghiem hue ddi chling la hach nam Rhizoctonia solani duoc ludi ti-ong dia petii chiia mdi trudng PDA khdng xa diuan.
Ti^n hanh thi nghi$m: Hda huyen phu xa chuan (10^ cfu/ml) vao mdi tnidng PDA ldng trong ing nghifim d nhifit do 52^C. Ndm Rhizoctonia solani lupc nudi trong dia petri chiia mdi trudng PDA trong L4 ngay de tao h^ch, diing dung cu chuyfin dimg gdp dy 05 hach nam tir ffia ngudn chuy&n vao mdi dia letri chiia mdi trudng PDA cd huyen phii xa khuan 'a mdi tnrdng PDA khdng cd huyen phu xa khuan
;ddi chling) vira mdi dd vio dia.
* Chi tidu theo ddi: Ghi nhiln kha nang moc nam cua hach nam Rhizoctonia solania thdi diem 1,
!, 5 ngiy sau thi nghifim.
2.2.2. Thi nghiim 2: Khao sat kha nang hda tan
^Sn cUa cac chung xa khuan co trien vong
* Muc dich: Khao sat kha nang kich thich tang nrdng dua tren kha nang hda tan lan ciia cac chung ca khuan.
* B6 tri till nghiem:ViA nghifim bd tri hoan toin iglu nhien, 5 lap lai, mdi nghiem thiic 11 1 ddng xa diuan cd trien vpng.
* Cach thuc hien: Thi nghifim thyc hifin dua heo phuong phap ciia (Hastuti e^^a/, 2012).
* Chi tifiu theo doi: Do bin kinh vanh khan iuang trong sudt ciia lan khd hda tan hi phan giai.
2.2.3. Thi nghiem 3: Khio sat kha n^g tiet lAA
?ua cic chung xa khuan tiiSn vong
• Muc dich: Khio sat kha nang kich thich tang rudng dua ti-fin kha nang ti^t lAA cua cic chung xa chuan.
* Bd'tiithinghiem.lhi nghifim dupc bo tri hoan oan nglu nhifin vdi 5 lap lai.
" dch thuc hiin: Udc luong sigr ti^t lAA theo ihuong phap dugc md ta bdi (Gordon va Weber,
i95D vdi chdt phin iing la clorua sit - axit pecloric (FeClj-HClOJ.
* Chi tieu theo ddi: Dpc ODabs d budc sdng 530 nm. Lupng lAA (pg/ml) trong dich nudi cay dupc udc lugmg dua tren dudng chudn lAA (Sigma).
2.2.4. Thi nghiim 4: Khao sit khi nang kich thich ciy lua tSng trudng do cac chung xa khuan co triSn vong
* Muc tfeu.'Tuyen chpn cic chung xa khudn cd k h i nang kich Ihich cay liia tang tmdng.
* Cich thuc hiin: Phirong phap thuc hifin thi nghifim duoc md ta bdi Gopalakrishnan etal. (2012).
* Chi tiiu theo doi: Tinh ty lfi niy mdm, do chieu dai rfi mam, than mam v l can khdi lugng kho ciia rfi d cac thdi diem 4,6,8,10 ngiy sau khi u.
2^.Xulys61ifiu
Cac sd lieu dupc xu \f vdi phan mem Microsoft Office Excel v l phan tich bang phin mem thdng kfi MSTATC qua phep thu Duncan.
3.KFTQUiiVATHA0LUAN
Kfit q u i nghifin ciiu cua Le Minh Tudng v l Ngd Thi Kim Ngan (2014) da chpn 12 chung xa khudn cd k h i nang ddi khang vdi ndm giiy bfinh ddm vin hai Ilia trong dieu kifin phdng thi nghifim la cac chung CT-STlb, KS5T6b. KS-ST8b, T0-VL4b, T a V L l l b , T0-VL6C, TB-VL2, TO-VLlld, CLTGl. CB-TGl, CB- TG8, BM-VL9. Tdt ca 12 chiing xa khuan nay dupc dimg trong nghifin cuu nay nhim khio sit mdt sd dac tinh cd lien quan den k h i nang ddi khang v l kich thich tang tnrdng cay lua.
3.1. Anh hudng cua x^ khudn ddi vdi su mpc m^m ciia h^di ndm RbJaictonia solaniKsihn.
Kha nang mpc mdm cua hach nam R. solani trong moi trudng PDA cd chua xa khuan dupc trinh bay d bang 1. O thdi di^m 1 ngay sau thi nghiem (NSTN), cd 8 nghiem thiic sii dung xa khuan ma hach ndm khdng mpc mdm la: CT-STlb, IS-ST6b, KS-ST8b, T0-VL4b, TO-VLllb, T a V L l l d , CL-TGl va CB-TGl. Cd 4 nghifim thiic sir dung xa khudn m l hach ndm mpc mdm 100% (25 hach) gom TOVL6c, TB-VL2, CB-TG8, BM-VL9 v l nghifim tiiiic ddi chiing (khdng su dung xa khuan). Tuy nhifin, dudng kinh khudn lac (tan nam ) phit trien khac nhau v l dudng kinh phit trien cao nhat la nghifim thiic ddi chiing la 16 mm. O 3 NSTN sd nghiem thuc lic chd hoan toan
SJONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 11 /2015 17
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
su moc mam ciia hach ndm Rsolani la 7 nghiem tinic: CT-STlb, KS-ST6b, KS-STSb. TO-VUb, TO- VLllb, TO-VLlld, CB-TGl gilm 1 nghiem tinic so vdi d 1 NSTN. Cac nghifim thiic sir dung xa khudn ma hach ndm Rsolani mpc mam nhung vin cho su khac bifit y nghia ve dirdng kinh tan ndm so vdi ddi chling. Trong dd, nghiem thuc CLTGl cd dirdng kinh ngin nhdt (2,8 mm) vl nghiem thiic ddi chiing cd dudng kinh khuan lac phat trien cao nhdt (48,2 mm). Di^u nay chiing td cac chiing xa khuan cd kha Bing 1. Khi nang lie ch^su mpc mim cija hjidi ndm
nang lic chd su mpc mam cua hach nam nhung njj nhi^u miic dp khac nhau. Den 5 NSTN sd nghiem thiic tic chd hoin toan sir mgc mam cua hach ndn R solani v^ khdng doi so vdi 3 NSTN la cic nghifim tiiirc: CT-STlb. K&^ST6b, KS-ST8b, TO-VUb, TO VLllb, TO-VLlld v l CBTGl. 0 cac nghiem t l ^ c o hach nam mpc mam, nghifim thiic CLTGl v&^co dudng kinh tin nam phat tridn ngan nhdt (2,8 nm^
v l nghifim thuc ddi chiing cd dudng kinh tan nam phit trien cao nhat (48,8 mm).
Rbi^>ctoim soifefl/Ruhn drclc thdi d i ^ 1.3 vl 5 NSTO
Nghi&m thiic
CT-STlb KS-ST6b KS-ST8b rO-V14b TO-VLllb T0-VL6C TB-VL2 TO-VLlld CL-TGl CB-TGl CB-TG8 BM-VL9 Doi chling Trung binh Y nghia F hnh CV(%)
1 ngdy sau tfai nghigm S6hach
nfdnmQC 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 0 0 0 25 25 25
DK khudn 1 ^ (mm) 0.0 ' 0.0 ' 0,0 • 0,0 • 0,0 « 12,0'
3,0 ' 0,0 • 0,0 "
0,0 ' 8,6' 7,0 • 16,0' 4,6 19,4
*•
3 ng^y sau tfai nghitoi S^hach
nim mpc mim
0 0 0 0 0 25 25 0 25 0 25 25 25
DK khudn lac (mm) 0,0 • 0,0 ' 0,0 ' 0,0 • 0,0 ' 16,6 = 3,6 • 0,0 • 2,8 • 0,0 ' 16,2' 9 , 0 ' 48,2- 9,8
••
10,0
5 n g ^ sau tfai n g f a i ^ Sii hach
n^mmpc mdm
0 0 0 0 0 25 25 0 25 0 25 25 25
DK khuin lac(miid
0,0 ' 0,0 • 0,0 ' 0,0 ' 0,0 ' _^
16,6 = 3 , 6 ' 0,0 ' 2 , 8 ' 0,0 ' 21,8' 11,4 '
48,6"
10,4
•*
8,1 i *
• " '
Ghi chii: **: khic biit & muc y nghia 196 tiong phep thu Duncan. *: khac biit a mirc y nghia 5% trong pi^
tiiuDuncan. O ti-ong cung mot cdt cic chu cai gidng nhau thi khdng khic biit nhau trong phep thuDuncw.
Ket qui till nghifim nay phu hpp vdi nhiing nghifin ciiu trudc dd ching ban nhu Biii Thj HI {2008) cho ring cic chung xa khudn thugc chi Stieptomyces khac nhau se cd khi nSng lic chd su mpc mim hach nam khac nhau. Nghifin cuu ciia Nguyfin Hoang Minh Huy (2006) cho ring x& khudn cln cd thdi gian phit tii^n vl nhan dii mat sd d^ tiet ra chat du lie chd hoac khdng uc che khi nang mgc mdm cua hach nam Rsolani. Vi v|y cic chiing xa khudn tiii nghifim cd th^ tidt chat de lie che khi nang mpc mdm cua hach ndm Rsolani
3.2. Khi nang hda tan lln dia cic chijuig xg khudn cdtii&i vpng
Ngudn lan khd hda tan sii dung tiong ttu nghiem 11 tricanxi phdt phat (€33(^0^^. Qua k6 qua a bing 2 ta thdy phan ldn eic chiing xa khu&i co th^ hda tan lan khd tan d nhiing miic do khac nlffli (tiir TO-VUb va CB-TG8). Trong do, chung n khuan CT-STlb v l KS-ST8b tii^ hifin khi nang hoa tan lan mgnh nhat thdng qua bin kinh vdng trong sudt eao hon so vdi cic nghifim thiie edn lai (hinhj).
Lan 11 nguyfin td da lupng rat can thidt cho^
phit tridn cua cay trdng, tuy nhien him lupng 1^
hihi dung hifin dien trong ddt rat tiiap, phdt phAtvi CO chu ydu dudi dang sit v l nhdm phdt phit troog ddt chua hoac phdt phit canxi trong dat kidm (Trii*
et al., 2012 ). Theo nhan dinh cua Hamdali etsi NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2015
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 2008) vdi vific hda tan lan khd tan cd thd giup cho
^ trdng tang trudng tdt
Bing 2. K h i ndng hda tan iSn ctia d c chiing x^
khuin cd tri&i vpng
sn
1 2 3
«
5 B 7 8 9 10 11 12Chimg xa Irfan^n CT-STlb KS-ST6b KSSTSb rO-VL4b ro-VLllb rO-VL6c rB-VL2 rO-VLlld CL-TGl CB-TGl CB-TG8 BM-VL9 Miic y nghia CV(96)
Bdn kinh vdng hda tan 1 ^ (mm)
2.35"
1,00'' 2,25"
0,00*
0,66' 1,00"
0,75' 0,67' 1,32' 1,35' 0,00' 1,00b'
•
23,14
thu nghiem cd the hda tan lan khd tan ngudn phdt phat cung la tricanxi phdt phit, vdi vdng hda tan (vdng phan giai) 1 - 6,5 mm.
3.3. Kha nang ti^ lAA ciia c^ chiing x^ khuin tri&ivpng
Mudi hai chimg xa khuan thi nghifim deu duoc ghi nhan cd thd tiet lAA (bing 3). Trong dd, chung xa khuan TO-VLllb cd kha nang tiet lAA vdi lupng cao nhat 2,25 pg/ml (hinh 2), ke tiep 11 T a V U b ,
" ~ ' VaT0-VL6c.
Ghi cbii: Cac gii tri a ciing mdt cdt diroc theo sau boi mot hay nhieu cha cii 06ng nhau tiu khdng Miic biit a muc y nghia 5% qua phep thu Duncan. *:
Khac biit a muc y nghia 5%. So hiu dupc chuySn sang log(X+l) khiphSn tich thdngki.
:=s^g|gJ'Lllb
Ifinh 2. Kha nang tidt lAA cua chung X9 khudn TOVLllb thdng qua su kfalc bifit miu sic giiia m i u
tiiijr v l miu ddi chiing
Indol-3- axetic axit (lAA) cd tic dung kich thich sinh trudng thuc vat, cd Inh hirdng trong qui trinh phan chia vl keo dli td blo. Khong nhimg the, lAA cdn cd thd lim gilm chieu dai rd va gia tang su hinh thanh rfi phu giiip cho cay trdng cd tii^ gia tang k h i nang hip thu dinh duong (Sharma, 2014).
Bing 3. Him hipng lAA dupc tidt ra bdi d c chung xg khudn
Hinh 1. Kha nSng'H^ tan lln bdi d c chiing X9 khudn thdng qua bi^u h i ^ Um mdi trudng trong sudt
Kdt qua thi nghifim p-fin phu hpp vdi nhung nghidn ciiu trudc dd, chang ban nhu tiu nghifim ciia Tallapragada va Seshachala (2012) khio sat kha nang hda tan lan cua cic vi sinh v | t 6 nhidu dang hpp chdt ciia phdt phit (tricanxi phdt phat, dihydro - phdt phit kali va qu§ng phdt phat) v l nhiing h i m lupng khac nhau (2,5 g/1, 5,0 g/1, 7,5 g / 0 cho tiidy ring d ham lupng tricanxi phdt phat 5 g/1 chung Streptomyces sp. v l Actinomyces sp. cd bin kinh vdng hda tan lln lupt 11 7,5 mm v l 1 mm. Mdt tiii nghifim khac ciia Hastiiti et al. (2012b) cung ghi nhan dupc 6 trong tdng sd 10 chung xa khuan dupc
STT 1 I 3 1 i 5 7 i
)
10 11 12
Chiing xa khudn CT-STlb KS-SIBb KS-ST8b rO-VL4b rO-VLllb rO-VL6c rB-VL2 rO-VLlld
;L-TGI :B-TGI : B - T G 8 BM-YL9 Miic y nghia CV(%)
Hdm tupng lAA dig/mO 1,31 •!' 1,66 *=
1,44 '«' 1,71 ' 2,25"
1,64 ' ' 1,35 ''' 1,06 '' 0,79 * 0,66 * 0,82 "
1,09 •<
•
18,15
Ghi cbu: Cic gii tri & cung mot cot dupc tbeo sau bai m^t hay nhieu chQ cai gidng nhau thi khdng khic biit & muc y nghia 5% qua phep thu Duncan. *:
Khac biit o muc y nghia 5%.
NONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2015 19
KHOA HOC CdNG MOHJ 3.4. Khd niing kich thich cdy hia tiing truong cua
cdc chung xa kfaudn c6 tii&i vgng 3.4.1. Tylinaymam
Thi nghidm khao sat kha nang kich thich tang truong dia cac chiing xa Ithuan co trien vong thong qua ty 16 nay mam duoc ghi nhan a bang 4. Ket qua cho thay 5 chung xa khuan co kha nang kich thich hat Ilia nay mam la CT-STlb. KS-ST6b, TO-VMb, TO- VLllb, T0-VL6C khac bidt so voi doi chiing vao thoi di^m 4 ngay sau khi u (NSKU). Den thoi diem 6
NSKU ty 16 nay mam cua tat ca cac nghiem tfaiic deu tang. Co hai nghiem thiic TO-VUb va TO-VLllb kha nang nay mam cao nhat lan lupt la 92%, 96% va khac biet so voi ddi chiing chi co 74%. Tuong tu 6 8 NSKU.
5 chiing xa khuan CO ty le nay mam cao va kfaac biet CO y nghia so voi ngfaiem tfaiic doi chiing la CT-STlb, KS-ST6b, T0-VL4b, TO-VLllb va T0-VL6C. Den thoi diem 10 NSKU. 3 cfaung xa kfauan c6 ty le nay mim cao nhat va khac biet voi doi chiing la T(>VL4b, TO- VLllb va T0-VL6c.
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Chiing xa k h u ^ CT-STlb KS-ST6b KS-ST8b TO-VMb TO-VLllb T0-VL6C TB-VL2 TO-VLlld CL-TGl CB-TGl CB-TG8 BM-VL9 DC Miic y nghia
CV(%)
Tfle nay 4 NSKU
85,00'°' 87,00*^
78,00 ^ 90,00"' 91,00"
88,00"'' 76,00 ' 77,00 •"' 82,00 "i' 83,00'^
80.00 '^
82.00 "•
74.00 ' 7.05
•
mim ciia hat Ilia qua c ^ tiidi di&n (%) 6 NSKU
85.00 '"'' 87.00''' 84.00 ""<
92.00"' 96.00"
91.00 "^
76,00 "
79,00 '•' 82,00 '•'•
85,00'"
84,00 =•' 83,00 '•'' 74,00 '
6,98
*
8 NSKU 90.00"
91.00"
85.001"
93.00*
96,00"
91,00"' 79,00 ••' 79,00 '"
84,00 " ' 88,00 "
85,00 ""
87,00"' 77,00 '
6,84
*
10 NSKU 91,00'°' 93,00'°' 88,00 "'' 95,00"*
98,00"
94,00""
90,00'"
81,00 • 86,00 "
89,00'"
89,00**
89,00'"
83,00 '•
8,81
•
Ghi chii: Cic gii tri & cung mdt cdt diroc theo sau boi mdt hay nhiSu chir cii giong nhau thi khdng khac biit & muc y nghia 5% qua phip thu Duncan. *^:Khac biit & miic y nghia 5%. Sd hiu duoc cbuySn sang arcsinijx khi phan tich thdngki
Nhin chung, cac chiing xa khuan thi nghifim ed kha nang kich thich su nay mim ctia hat gidng. Ket qui nay cung dugc ghi nhan bdi nghien ciiu cua Khamna et al. (2010) cho thay dich trich tir moi trudng nudi cay chiing Streptomyces viridis CMU- H(K)9 cung cd tiie giiip cho hat gidng ngo va cay hg dgu {Bruguiera parviSor^ gia tang ty lfi nay mam cung nhu chidu dli rfi. Thi nghiem cua Gopalakrishnan etal. (2012) cung khao sit k h i nang kich thich tang trudng cua 3 chiing Stieptomyces (CAI-21, CAI-26 va MMA-32) ddi vdi Iiia. Ket qui ghi nhan dupc ea 3 chiing xa khudn nay deu cd the giiip hgt gidng nay mim vdi ty le lln lirgt 11 98%, 94% vl 99%, Uong khi ddi ehiing 1190%.
3.4.2. Chiiu dai than mam
Tir kdt qua a bang 5 ta thdy ring vao thdi didm 4 NSKU chidu dai than mam d cic nghiem thiic ed su
khac nhau. Trong do, 2 nghifim thiie TC)-VL4b va TO- VLllb ed chidu dli than mira eao nhdt va cd su khac biet y nghia tiidng ke d muc 5% so vdi nghifim tiiiic cic chung xa khudn cdn lai va ddi chiing. O thdi diem 6 NSKU, chidu dli than mim d tdt cl cac nghiem thuc deu tang, trong 2 nghiem thiie cd chi^u dai tiian mam cao nhat vin 11 T a V U b va TaVLllb vdi chidu dai lan lupt 1135,30 mm, 37,90 mm vl khac bifit so vdi ddi chirng. Tuong hi, d 8 NSKU, 2 ehiing xa khudn T0-VL4b v l TO-VLllb vin ed chidu dai than mim cao nhdt Ddn thdi didm 10 NSKU, chi^u dli tiian mam ciia 2 nghiem thiic T0-VL4b va TO- VLllb lln lupt 1146.68 mm va 45,27 mm, eao hon va khie biet cd y nghia thdng kfi so vdi nghifim thuc doi chirng.
Ket qui tren phii hpp vdi nhung nghidn ciiu tnrdc dd, ching han nhu nghifin ciiu eua El-Tarabily 20 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2015
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H £
et aL (2009) ghi nl4n kha nang giup gia tang kich ^irahs cho hieu qua cao nhat, ngay ca khi cd su hifin thude than cay dua Ieo 3 tuan sau khi gieo. Trong dd, difin cua nam Pythium aphanidermatum (mdt tic chung xa khudn ndi sinh trong rfi Stieptomyces nhan gay benh chet rap (damping-off) trfin dua Ieo).
Bing 5. Chidu dli tiiln m i m d i a hia a cac n g h i ^ thiic qua d c tfadi di&n quan s i t STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Chling x^
k h u ^ CT-STlb KS-ST6b KS-ST8b T0-VL4b TO-VLllb T0-VL6C TB-VL2 TO-VLlld CL-TGl CB-TGl CB-TG8 BM-VL9 DC Miic y nghia
CV(%)
C h i ^ dM tfadn m ^ dia liia qua Ccic tii6i di^m (mnO 4 NSKU
9,48 "*
8,21 ^ 8,63 '^
12,62"
13,54"
10,22 ' 8,76 ' « 8,25 "
7,73 "
6,87 ' 7,47 ' ' 9,68 '"' 10,02 "
»
11,74
6 NSKU 22,39 ••
25,34 ••
23,73 •'•' 35,30 ' 37,90"
28,93 ' 24,39 "•
21,45 ' 25,87 ' 25,97 ' 23,86 '''•
30,64 ' 21,56 '
•
7,32
8 NSKU 23,60 ' 39,16 "
28,19 ' ' 45,38"
4177 ' 29,19 •"
28,85 •"
24,08 • 26,33 "
31,18 ' 26,36 "
38,56 "
35,57 '
•
8,68
10 NSKU 26,34 1*
41,94 ' ' 29,77 " ^ 46,68"
45,27"*
31,59 "<
29,48 1*
25,02 » 30,52 * 34,48 ^ 29,30 •*
39,50 ' 38,11 ' '
*
10,21
Ghi chd: Cac gii trj a aing mdt cdt duoc theo sau bdi mgt hay nhiiu chu cii giong ahau thi khdng khic biit & mm: y nghia 5% qua phep thu Duncan. *:Khic biet dmuc y nghia 5%
3.4.3. Chieu dai ri mam
Kdt qua d bang 6 cho thdy vio thdi didm 4 NSKU nghiem thuc chung xa khudn TO-VLllb cd chieu dai rfi mam cao hon so vdi ddi chiing v l d c nghifim thiic chiing xa khudn edn lai.
O thdi didm 6 NSKU, chidu dai rfi mam d tat d nghifim tiiiie ddu tang. Trong dd, chung xa khudn TO-VLllb cd chidu dai rfi mim dli nhat va khic bifit so vdi tat d d c nghiem thiic cdn lai. Ddn 8 NSKU, ehung xa khuan TO-VLllb vin cd chidu dai than mdm cao nhat va cd su Wile bifit y nghia so vdi ddi ehiing v l d c nghifim thiic cdn lai. Tirong tu den thdi didm 10 NSKU, chieu dli rfi mam cao nhdt vSn 11 TO- VLllb.
Kdt qua cua Poovarasan et aL, 2013 ciing dupc ghi nhan trfin rfi d y luu cd su gia tang ve kich Ihudc sau 6 thing khi six dung 5 chung xa khuin:
Stieptomyces hadiae, S. avermitilis, S.
cinnamonensis, S. canus, Leiisonia poae. Trong dd, 5. canus cho hieu q u i cao nhat vdi chidu dai rfi 66,2 cm so vdi ddi chiing 32,2 cm. Ben canh dd, chung xa khuan ndy cung dugc ghi nhSn cd thd tidt ra ham lupng lAA va GA cao nhit lln lupt la 10,1 pg/ml va 12,0 pg/ml. Dieu niy chiing td ring nhd k h i nang san sinh ra kich thich td tang trudng nfin giiip cho xa khuan kich thich rfi d y phat trien hon. Tuong tu, Gopalakrishnan etal. (2013) cung ghi nhan dupc 4/5 chung xa khudn cd the giiip cho rfi lua gia tang kich thuoc len 15% so vdi ddi chung.
Bing 6. Chidu dli r^ mdm cua liia qua d c ttidi didm quan sit d nhinig nghigm tfaiic STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Chiing X9 k h u &
CT-STlb KS-ST6b KS-ST8b T0-VL4b TO-VLllb T0-VL6C TB-VL2
Cfai^u dM r^ m i m dia kia qua cac tfadi di^m 4 NSKU
10,78 ' 3,50 6,54 '•' 5,31 ° "
14,05"
6,82 ' 4,83 " "
6 NSKU 12,23 "i 10,98 '-"
13,36 ' 9,65 "
28,52"
11,42 ' - ' 12,39 •^
8 NSKU 16,06 "
27,77"' 19.20 *' 22,61 "' 31,47"
11,72 '^
13,37 "
10 NSKU 18,77 ' ' 32,01 '•
19,91 ' 30,92 ""^
38,87"
12,57 • 14,96 '''•
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 1 - THANG 11/2015
-'CH:"fr
KHOA HOC CONG
8 9 10 11 12 13
TO-VLlld CL-TGl CB-TGl CB-TG8 BM-VL9 DC Miic y nghia C V «
4,31 6,86 ' 4,44 * 5,53 "'•
7,08 ' 11,98 '
•
21,95
9,31 •"
12,07 "•
11,81 ""
9,01 ' 16,69 ' 18,23 '
•
14,18
10,73 ' 12,81 ^ 12,68 "
10,55 ' 25,18 "
25,88 "
*
17,53
12,52 ' 16,52 "
18,90 * 14,12 "
26,12 ' 28,08 "
*
16,79
Ghicbii: Cic gia tri a cimg mdt cdt dugc theo sau bdi mot hay nhieu chir cii gidng nhau thi khdng kbac biit & muc y nghia 5% qua phep tiiuDuncan. *:Khac biit & muc y nghia 5%
3.4.4. Khdi luong khd ri mam cualua Bing 7. Khdi lupng khd rd hia cua c^ n ^ f i m thiic
vio c^ thdi didm
sn
1 I
)
1j
3 1
! )
10 11
Chiiiigxa khujn n'-STlb KS-ST6b KS-ST8b rO-V14b rO-VLllb IX)-VL6c TB-V12 TO-VLlld CL-TGl CB-TGl DB-TG8 12 EM-VL9 13 PC Vliic y nfihia :V(9l)
Kh<ii hipng khd rg mim ciia Ilia qua cdc tfadi d i ^ nurl 6 NSKU
5,172 "
16,78 ' 11.05 ' ^ 14.64 "
31,14"
7.74 *' 3,27 ' 4,91 « 7.88 "
8,28 "
3.27 ' 17.29 "
13,10 '^
8 NSKU 6.256 ' 25.27'' 15.61 "1 25.01"»
31.25"
11,61 •' 8.38 ' 8.46 ' 9,79 ' 12,79 "
10.26 ' 28.40"
20.37 "
3.26 )8.82 10 NSKU 1932 "
29,07"
16,33 * 25,34"
37,61"
11,87 '•
8.73 ' 13.74 * 11.18 * 16^5°"
18.05 "•
28.74"
30.14"' 3.96 Ghi cbu: Cac gia til d cimg mot cot duac theo
O thai diem 6 NSKU (Bang 7). khoi luong kh6 ciia rk Ilia co su khac bi$t giiia cac nghi&m tfaiic:
Nghiem thiic chung xa khudn TO-VLllb co khd luong cao hon so vdi cac nghiem thiic c6n lai. Bay chung xa khuan co khoi lupng tirong duong so vn ddi chling la KS-ST6b, KSSr8b, TO-VUb, T0-V16c, CL-TGl, CB-TGlva BM-VL9. Den 8 NSKU, khoi lupng kh6 cua xk cao nhat vin la nghi&m thiic TO- VLllb va khac bi6t y nghia so v6i ddi chiing.
Tuong tu, kdt qua ciia FrancoCorrea etal (201(J khi thii nghiem kha nang Wch thich cay trfng plii tridn ciia cac chung xa khuan voi SIT kdt hop cua nam rt cho thay voi nghidm thiic chi su dung duy nhat q khuan khdi Iupng khd cua than va khdi lupng khd rS cung cao hon so voi ddi chiing. Tuy nfaien, ndu co ar ket hpp voi nam rdse cho hidu qua cao hon. "*
Nhin chung, ket qua thi nghidm khao sat khi nang kich thich tang hirong ddi vdi gidng lm Jasmine 85 cua cac chiing xa khuan cho thay phii lon cac nghiem thiic deu giiip cho cay liia phat tiii tdt hon so vdi ddi chung. Trong dd, chiing xa khnii ThtlZ "^ . c A ^ c ^ ^ « „ ^ ^ , „ tu khong TO-VLllb cho hieu qua tdt hon vd ti Id nay mi*
khac bm a muc y nghia 5% „ua phep thu Duncan.': chidu cao than mim, chidu dai rd ' Khacbietomucynghia5% khd cua rd mam. DidulnaY Ichiing ltd. ^
VLllb cd k h i nang ldi
Hinh 3. Khi nang kich thich ttog truong ciia cac chling x a k h u & ddi T « gidng luaJasmine85410NSI)
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/201S
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
4.KETLU/IN
- Da chpn lpc dupc 7/12 chiing xa khuan 11 ctinomyces ( CT- STlb, KS- ST8b, KS- ST6b, TO- L4b, T a VLllb, TO- VLlld. CB - TGI) lie che oIn toan kha nang moc mim cua hach nam R ylanigay bdnh ddm vin hai Iiia.
10 chling xa khuan thi nghidm cd kha nang da tan lan khd tan. Trong dd, chung CT-STlb cd h i nang hda tan lan khd tan tdt nhat
- Tat d 12 chung xa khuin thi nghidm ddu cd id tidt lAA. Trong dd, chung TO-VLllb cd thd tiet Im luong lAA cao nhat (2,25 pg/ml).
- Ty Id nay mam cua hat gidng dugc gia tang bdi ac nghiem thiic cd xu Iy d c chiing T0-VL4b, TO- L l l b v l T0-VL6C. Hai chung xa khuan T0-VL4b va O-VLllb cd kha nSng tang chidu dli than mim.
hiing xa khuan TO-VLllb cd k h i nSng giiip tang hidu dli rd mim va khdi lugng khd cua rd.
TUICUTHAMHUO
1. Abd-Alla, M. H., E. S. A. El-Sayed and A. H.
1. Rasmey, 2013. Indole-3-acetic acid (lAA) roduction by Streptomyces atiovirens isolated from hizospheric soil in Egypt Journal of Biology and
^artii Sciences, 3(2): 182-193.
2. Bid Thi Ha, 2008. Nghien cuu xa khuan hudc chi Streptomyces sinh chdt khing sinh chdng
\am gay hinh trin cay che & Thii Nguyin. Luan an thac Sl sinh hoc. Trudng Dai hoc Thai Nguyen, h i i Nguydn.
3. El-Tarabay, K. A.. A. H. Nassar, G. S. J.
lardy and K. Sivasithamparam, 2009. Plant growtii romotion and biological control of Pytiiium phanidermatum, a pathogen of cucumber by ndophytic Actinomycetes. Journal of apptied nicrobiology, 106(1): 13-26.
4. Franco-Correa, M., A. Quintana, C. Duque, :. Suarez, M. X. Rodriguez and J. M. Barea, 2010.
Evaluation of actinomycete strains for key traits elated with plant growth promotion and mycorrhiza lelping activities. Apphed soil ecology, 45(3): 209- 17.
5. Gopalakrishnan, S., V. Srinivas, M. S. Vidya nd A Rathore, 2013. Plant growth-promoting ctivities of Streptomyces spp. m sorghum and rice.
pringernus,2{X):bU.
6. Gopalakrishnan, S., P. Humayima, S.
Vadlamudia, R Vijayabharathia, R K. Bhiminenia and O. Om Rupelaa, 2012. Plant growth-promoting traits of Streptomyces with biocontrol potential isolated from herbal vermicompost Biocontrol Science and Technology, hitemational Crojis Research Institute for the SemiArid Tropics, 22(10):
1199-1210.
7. Hasegawa S., A. Meguro, M- Shimizu, T.
Nishimura and H. Kunoh, 2006. Endophytic Actinomycetes and TTieir Interactions with Host Plants. Actinomycetologica. 20: 72-81.
8. Hastuti, R D., Y. Lestari, A Suwanto and R Saraswati, 2012. Endophytic Streptomyces spp. as Biocontrol Agents of Rice Bacterial Leaf BUght Pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryza^. HAYATJ Journal ofBiosciences, 19(4): 155-162.
9. Khamna, S., A Yokota and S. Lumyong, 2009. Actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plant rhizosphere soils: diversity and screening of antifiingal compounds, indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore production. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 25(4): 64&655.
10. Khamna, S., A. Yokota, J. F. Peberdy and S.
Lumyong, 2010. Indole-3-acetic acid production by Streptomyces sp. isolated from some Thai medicinal plant rhizosphere soils. EurAsia Joumnal BioSciences, 4:23-32.
11. Ld Minh Tudng va Ngd Thi Kim Ngan, 2014.
Phan lap va danh gia k h i nang ddi khang ciia cac chling xa khuan ddi vdi nam Rliisx:tinia solani Kuhn gay benh ddm van tren hia. Tap chi Khoa hoc - Trudng Dai hoc Can Tho. Chuyen de nong nghidp.
113-119.
12. Meguro, A., S. Hasegawa, M. Shimizu, T.
Nishimura and H. Kunoh, 2004. Induction of disease resistance in tissue-cultured seedlings of mountain laurel after treatment with Stieptomyces padanus AOK-30. Actinomyceti>lo0ca, 18(2): 48-53.
13. Nguydn Hoing Minh Huy, 2006. Khao sat dac diem va vai tid ctia chung xa khuan Streptomuces dicklowii. Luan van thac si khoa hoc chuyen nginh sinh hpc. Dai hpc Su pham Thinh phd Hd Chi Minh. Thinh phd Hd Chi Minh.
14. Poovarasan, S., S. Mohandas, P.
Paneersehram, B. Sariflia and K M. Ajay, 2013.
Mycorrhizae colonizing actinomycetes promote plant growth and control bacterial bhght disease of
JONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 11 /2015
KHOA HOC CONG NGHfe
pomegranate {Punicagranatum L cvBhagwa). Crop occurrence in the rhizospheres of Hper betel in Protection, 53:175-181. Karnataka. India. Turkish Journal of Biology, 36(1):
15. Quecine, M. C , W. L Araujo, J. Marcon, C. 2&-35.
S. Gai.J. LAzevedoandA-APizzuani-Kleiner, 2008. yj^ Tripti, V. Kumar and Anshumali, 2012.
Chitinolytic activity of endophytic Stieptomyces and phosphate Solubilizing Activity of Some Bacterial potential for biocontrol. Letters in AppUed strains Isolated from Chemical Pesticide Exposed Microbiology, 47:486491. Agriculture Soil. International Journal of Engineering
16. Tallapragada, P. and U. Seshachala, 2012. Research and Development, 3(9): IS.
Phosphate-solubilizing microbes and their
DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTAGONISTIC ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATES IN PREVENTION OF SHEATH BUGHT DISEASE ON RICE
Le Minh Tuong^, Pham TXian Vu^ and Ngo Thi Kim Ngan^
'College of Agriculture and Applied biology, Cantho University f a s t e r shident in Plant protection major, Cantho University
Summaiy
The objectives of this research were to study the characterization of Actinomycetes isolates such as the activity of reduction of sclerotia germination and the growth promoting of antagonistic actinomyces isolates in prevention of sheath blight disease on rice. There are 7/12 isolates could reduce the sclerotia germination of R. solani on PDA medium at 5 days after testing. Evaluation of the solubilizaton insoluble phosphate of 12 Actinomycetes isolates, the results indicated that 10 isolates can solubihze insoluble phosphate and 2 actinomycetes isolates iActinomyces spp. CT-STlb and Actinomyces spp. KS-ST8b) showed radiuses of clear halo zones Iiigher than other treatments, hi addition, the results also showed that all most 12 Actinomycetes isolates could produce mdoleacetic acid and the Actinomyces spp. TO-VLllb isolate was the highest lAA production (2.25 pg/ml). When seedlings of Jasmine 85 variety were soaked in 12 Actinomycetes isolates and the Actinomyces spp. TO-VLllb isolate showed plant growth-promoting ability, ratio of germination, shoot length, root length and dry weight root higher than the other treatments.
Key words: Actinomycetes. growth-promoting, lAA, photphate solubili^tioD, sheath blight disease.
Ngudi phan bidn: PGS.TS. L6 Luong T&
Ngiy nh§n bli: 22/4/2015 Ngiy thdng qua phan bidn: 22/5/2015 Ngiy duydt dang: 29/5/2015
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2015
