KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHl
I M G H I E I V C U U A U T R U I V G M E T A C E R C A R I A E C U A S A M
L A S O I X I G C H U I M H i i l V I T R E I X l C A T R A [Pangasianadan hypaphthaimu^ Q O O I X I G B A I X I G S O I X I G C U U L O I X I G
NguySn Thj Thu Hlng^, D§ng Thyy Mai Tliy'
T6MTAT
Nghidn cuu dugc thuc hien n h i m xac dinh thanh phan loai va dac didm sinh hgc cua au triing giai doan metacercanae frdn ca fra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmuSi. Tong cgng cd 864 m l u ca tra tir giai doan uong gidng ddn nudi thit duoc thu mau frong miia mua va mua kho. Kdt qua cho thay cd 7 loai au triing san la song chii giai doan metacercanae, bao gdm.' C. iormosanus, C. siensis, E. Japonicus, E. oviformis. K taichui. M.
directionalis, Stellantchasmus sp. Trong do, au triing metacercariae ciia loai C. forrnosanus dugc tim thay thudng xuydn nhat d tat ca c^c giai doan ciia ca trong ca hai miia. Hon nira, au triing metacercariae c i a san la song chii duoc tim thay nhidm frong mang ca, khong nhidm frong ca ca. Ty le nhidm au triing metacercariae frong miia khd dugc ghi nhan la 2,21-30,77%, tuong ddi ihap so vdi ty Id nhidm frong miia mua la 1,57-32,14%.
Cirdng dg nhidm l u triing metacercariae kha thap, dao dgng tir 1,4-3,4 au t n i n g / c u n g mang.
Tit khda: Ci tra, au trimg metacercariae, san la song chu.
1. GUI THIEU
Ky smh trimg nhidm frdn c l fra gom eac nhdm ddng vat nguyen sinh, giun san va giap xlc. Trong do, nhdm san II song chu dang duoe quan tam, do san cd kha nang lly nhidm va gay bdnh fren ngudi.
Nhieu nghien cuu gin day ghi nhan au trimg eua san la song ehii phan hd chu yeu frong eo thit cua c l , co ciia e l lai II thinh phin chinh eiia mdn gdi ea, do do khi con ngudi an gdi ea thi co hdi an phai au trung la rat ldn nen dd mie bdnh san la gan nhd, sin II rudt hoac sin la phdi. Ngoai ra, vay va mang ciia c l cung cd ty le nhidm au triing rat cao 63,23%, day la nhdm au friing giai doan metacercariae ngoai ky sinh, sau dd chiing se chui slu vio frong co va ky sinh lau dii d eo khi ed didu kien thich hpp {Trin Van Quyen v l cft',2012).
Nhung ket qua ghi nhan duoe frr Du an FIBOZOPAcho thay ty le nhidm cao cae nhdm sin 11 song chii fren ngudi nhir Clonorchis sinensis, Haplorchis pumilio, H. taichui H. yokogawal, Centrocestus Iormosanus, Stellantchasmus lalcatus, Procerovum variuni va Echmochasmus japonicus (Doanh va Nawa, 2016). Dieu dang lo ngai II au triing metaeeeariae ciia nhieu loai san 11 song ehu nay eung dupe phit hidn nhidm fren c l fra va nhieu loai ea nupi nude ngpt khlc nhir ea frlm eo, ca rd
' B6 mdn Benh hgc thuy san, Khoa Thuy san, Trudng Dai hgc cin Tho
ddng, c l rd phi, c l ving, ca frdi An Dp, e l frdi frIng, c l me frlng, e l ehiy mit do, c l frdi den v l c l pu-anha ^ a n g Thiiy Binh va ctv, 2014; Madsen etal., 2015; Ngp van Thanh, 2016; Biii Ngpc Thanh, 2017).
Cle ket qua nghidn euu cho thay lu trimg metacercariae cua sin II song chii nhidm fren cae loli c l r i t khlc nhau vdi ty Id nhidm v l cudng dp nhidm bidn ddng khae nhau tiiy theo loli e l v l vi tri dia ly. Cd the thay, nhieu loai c l nude ngpt da dupc nghien cuu au trimg san la song chil, chu yeu tip trung nhieu d elc loai ca vupt nude ngpt. Cle nghien cuu vd au trung sin II song chu frdn e l fra, loai c l nudi kinh te ehu Iuc cua dong blng sdng Cuu Long hau nhu edn kha ban ehe. Ti vay, dd tii: "Nghien cuu au trimg metacercaria cua sin li song chu nhidm trdn ca tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)" iuac thuc hien nhim cung cap thdng tin ve tinh hinh nhidm bdnh, thanh phin gidng loai v l mdt sd dae didm sinh hoe cua l u trimg sin la song chii, llm tidn dd eho nhung nghien oiu thue nghiem trong vide phdng va dieu fri benh gay ra fren ca fra hien nay.
2. VAT UBI VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHHI CUU 2.1. Phirong p h ^ tfau v a b a o q u l n m l u Man c l dupe thu nglu nhidn tai Cln Tho, Vinh Long, An Giang va Ddng Thap tii thing 5/2018 ddn 5/2019. 6 mdi giai doan ca, thu nglu nhien mdi lan 10-15 c l / a o . C l duoe van chuyen sdng vd phdng thi nghidm blng thiing nhua hoac thung xdp ed ehua nirdc v l sue khi va phan tich frong ngay.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020
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2.2. Phuong p h ^ phin tich m l u 2.2.1. Phuong phip lay miu mang va cod - Mlu mang ca: Cit rdi cic cung mang ciia el, eao lay nhdt fren 1 eung mang, quan sit tidu ban mlu dvat kinh 1040X.
- Mlu CO ca: Ddi vdi ea bpt: quan sat mlu c l d vat kinh 1040X. Ddi vdi ca huong, c l gidng vl c l thit Mlu c l trudc khi phan tich dtrpe can khdi lupng v l do chidu dii. Sau do, dimg dao eit mpt dudng xeo dpe theo xuong eung mang, phia sau phin diu ea, Uep tue eit dpe thin c l theo ehieu tir diu xudng dudi ndi theo vdt cit diu hdn. Can than lach dao cat sit phan eo gin xuong sdng theo hudng mat lung xudng mat bung va eit rdi phin ca nay ra khdi co the ea.
Thuc hidn tuong tu vdi phin co edn lai. Dimg dao tach bd phin da ra khdi phan co ca.
2.2.2. Ky thuit phan lap au tning sin li song chii nhidm tren ci
Quy trinh phan lap au triing sin II thuc hien theo phuang phip cua Phan I h i Van va Bui Ngoc Thanh (2013), dtrpe phat trien tir Sd tay hudng din phan lap vl dinh loai au triing san II cua Du an FIBOZOPA; md t l eua Sohn (2009).
Cl sau khi thu mlu ve duoc xet nghidm neng timg ca the de xlc dinh thinh phan l u trimg sin la theo quy trinh vdi 2 bude ehinh: phan lap va dinh loai au triing san. Sii dung dung dich pepsin (6 g pepsin -i- 8 ml HCl + 1000 ml nude cat) dd tidu toln bp ca el.
Thuc hidn quy trinh theo 4 bude: (1) Nghien mlu cl;
(2) U de tidu co", (3) Lpc, rira vl ling can: Dich lpc thu dugc phai frong suot; (4) Kidm fra va thu au triing: Hut toan bd lu triing thu dupe tir mdi mlu vio 1 dia petri ridng, giir d dieu kien 4''C frong tii lanh phuc vu dinh loai.
Bang 1. Tiidng tin v^ mlu ca
2.2.3. Dinh loai au trung sin la song chu Mdi mlu c l cd the nhidm ti> 1 ddn nhidu loai lu titng khac nhau, frong dd cd 1 loai chiem uu thd vd sd lupng. Dinh loai au trung theo 2 giai doan: 1) Phan loai thd dua fren kich thude hinh thii ban dau thdng qua kinh giii phlu d dp phdng dai thap; 2) Dmh loai ehi tiet d dp phdng ldn d kinh hien vi quang hpe (lOX, 40X, lOOX), quan sit cle dac diem hinh thii quan frpng ciia l u trimg gom gilc midng, giac bung, tlii bai tidt, rang frdn gilc bung hoae giac mieng... w . Su dung trie vi thi kinh de do kich thudc au triing theo chieu dpc va ngang, kich thudc giac midng, giac bung (ndu cd), dem sd luang rang frdn gilc mieng hoac gilc bung (ndu ed)...w. Su dung khda dinh loai l u trimg dupe md t l theo khda dinh loai eua Fibozopa Laboratory Manual (Phan Tlii Van va Biii Ngpc Thanh, 2013) kdt hpp vdi tii li^u md ta hinh thai cua Sohn (2009) de xlc dinh loli sin.
2.2.4. Phuong phip xulysd hdu
Xie dinh miie dp nhidm au trung theo phuong phap cua MargoUis etal. (1982).
> Tl Id nhidm (%) (Sd c l nhidm au trimg/Tong so c l kiem fra) x 100%.
> Cudng dd nhidm = Sd au trung metacercariae / e a thit c l hoac cung mang.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Thdng tin vk m l u c l
Tdng edng cd 864 mlu ca fra giai doan uong gidng vl nudi thit dupc thu vao miia mua vl miia khd tai 4 tinh/thlnh: Vinh Long, An Giang, Can Tho, Ddng Thip. Tong sd mlu thu vio miia khd la 437 mlu v l sd mlu thu vao mita mua la 427 mlu (Bang 1).
da thu 6 mua khd va miia mua Miiavu
Mua khd
Miia mua
Chi tieu So mhi ca Chi^u dai (cm) Khdi luong (g) So m^u ca Chi^u dai (cm) Khoi luong (g)
Cabot 136
-
127
Ca huong 52 4,1 ± 0,7 0,7 ± 0 , 3
56 4,3 ± 0,7 0,8 + 0,2
Ca giong 141 10,3 ± 1,8 15,2 ± 2,6
151 13,6 ±2.4 24,0 ± 6,1
Cathit 108 23,6 ±5,6 217,1 ± 122,6
93 22,4 ± 5,7 218,0 ±149,0 Ghi chu: (-) miu khong xac dinh
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Hau hdt cic mlu ca ddu khdng cd dau hi§u bdnh ly bdn ngoai va bdn frong. Ket qua phan tich da phat hi^n 190/437 mlu c l d miia khd v l 218/427 mlu c l d miia mua hi nhidm l u triing metacercariae cua san la song chu vdi mirc dp khie nhau.
3.2. Tlilnh phin gidng loli l u triing metacesjcariae sin II song chii
Phin tieh mlu da xlc dinh duoc 7 loai au trimg metacercariae eua sin II nhidm frdn mang. De tai khdng tim thay au trimg metacercaria sin II song chil frong CO ca tra.
+ Phin loai gidng loli lu trung metacercariae ciia san song chd:
1. Centrocestus Iormosanus (bd Heterophyata, hp Heterpphyidae, giong Cenfroeestus).
2. Clonorchis siensis (bd Fasiolata, hp Opisthorchiidae, gidng Clonorchis).
3. Echmochasmus japonicus (bd Plagiorehiida, hp Echinostomatidae, gidng Eehinoehasmus).
4. Exorchis oviformis (bd Opisthorchioidea, bp Cryptogonimidae, giong Exorchis).
5. Haplorchis taichui (bd Fasciolata, hp Galactosomidae, giong Haplorchis).
6. Metorchls orientahs (bp Fasiolata, hp Opisthorchiidae, gidng Metorchis).
7. Stellantchasmus sp. (bd Heterophyata, hp Heterophyidae, gidng Stellantchasmus).
Au trimg metacercariae ciia sin C. Iormosanus nhidm pho bien fren el fra 6- giai doan uong gidng ddn nudi thuong pham vio miia khd va miia mua. 6 giai doan c l bdt v l c l huong, au triing thudng ky sinh frong xuong cung mang. CT cic giai doan ea ldn ban lu triing dupc tim thay frong cle spi mang thu cap v l c6 the tdn t ^ dang tu do bam bdn ngoai cac to mang.
Vao nhung thing miia mua, cl fra d eae giai doan thirong nhidm au triing cao hon elc thing mtia khd.
Kdt qua phan tich hinh thli l u triing metacercariae loai C. Iormosanus cho thay au triing ed elu tao dang hinh elip, chieu dai 180-185 pm va chieu rdng 147-150 nm (n = 20) v l khdng cd cle hat sle td nau. Giac mi^ng d phia tnrde lu trimg, gilc bung d giO^ cd kich thudc blng 1 nua kich thudc gilc mieng. Au trimg cd cic gai sip xdp thanh 2 hang xung quanh giac mieng, tdng cpng ed khoang 32 gai. Tui bai tiet nlm d phia cudi, mlu den slm, hinh chir X. Vd hinh thli l u trimg loai nay tuong dong vdi nhiing md t l cua Dang Thuy
Binh v l ctv (2014), Chai et al. (2017), Sumuduni et al (2018).
Hinh 1. Au tning metacercariae ciia C. fyrmosaaus ( ^ v l C. sinensis (B)
Au trimg metacercariae ciia loai C. sinensis nhidm fren el fra hot, ea gidng vl el thit vao miia khd va miia mua, khdng nhidm frdn el huong d ca hai mua. Au trimg C. sinensis nhidm fren cl bpt thudng ky sinh frong cac phin xuang cung mang. O cle giai doan c l ldn ban, chiing dupe tim thay frong cle ta mang. Ket qua phan tich hinh thli cua loli C sinensis cho thiy l u trimg ed cau tao dang hinh eUp, ehieu dai 130-160 pm vl chieu rdng 120-130 pm (n = 20) vl ed cac hat sic td nau. Gilc mieng d phia trudc au trimg, giac bung d gitra, ndi bat, ed kieh thudc bang kieh thude gilc midng. Tui bai tidt nlm d phia eudi, mau den sam, hinh chu 0 . Diem khae biet cua C sinensis vdi cle loli khlc thudc hp Opisthorchiidae II chiing ed kich tiiudc nhd nhat v l thanh bao nang rat mdng (1-5 pm). Vd hinh thai au trimg loli nay tiJong dong vdi nhtrng md ta ciia Dang Thuy Binh vl ctv (2014), Doanh vl Nawa (2016), Chhabra etal. (2017).
Au triing cua loai E. japonicus nhidm frdn e l bpt, ca gidng va el thit vIp miia khd vl miia mua, khdng nhidm tren cl huong d cl hai miia. Ket qua phan tich hinh thli cho thay au triing loli E. japonicus cd cau tao dang hinh elip, ed thanh bao nang frong sudt vl hai lap. Kich thudc lu trimg rat nhd 77-80 x 54-60 pm (n = 20) va khdng cd cle hat sle td nau. Giac midng d phia tnrde, giac bung d giiia ed kich thudc blng 1/3 kieh thudc giac midng. Dae trung ciia loli E.
japonicus la gilc mieng bao quanh bdi gai dang cd lo noi bat va cac hat bai tiet sip xep frong 2 hang ong bai bet ddi xirng nhau. Tong edng cd khoang 24 gai dang cd ao sip xdp bi giln doan. Cac ghi nhan hinh thai ve l u triing loli nay hrong ddng vdi nhiing md ta cua Sohn (2009), Chhabra et al. (2017). Tuang tir nhu au triing C. sinensis, au triing ctia loai E.
ovilormis nhidm fren c l tra bdt, ca giong va cl thit d ca miia khd vl miia mua, tuy nhidn, d giai doan ca
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020
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huong, l u frung nhidm frdn c l d miia mua. Ket q u i phan tich hinh thai eho thay au triing cua loli E.
oviformis ed eau tao dang hinh elip, cd thinh bio nang kha dly. Kich thudc au trimg khoing 145- 147x118-120 pm (n=20) v l khdng cd elc hat sle td nau. Gilc mieng d phia trudc l u triing, gilc bung d giua. Giac midng khdng cd gai phan bd xung quanh.
Tlii bai bidt hinh ehii V v l n l m d phia eudi co the.
Dac trung ciia loli nly II cd 1 cap ddm mat sam mlu nlm doi xung nhau d giiia ea the gan gilc midng. Ve hinh thli l u trimg loli nay tirong dong vdi nhung md t l eua Sohn (2009), Shimazu (2017), Choe et al.
(2018).
''^'ij^
Si
Hinh 2. Au trung metacercariae ciia loli E. japonicus (A) v l E. Oviformis (B)
Au tiTing metacercariae cua loai H. talchm, nhidm fren ca d giai doan c l huong, c l gidng vio miia khd v l e l huong, e l gidng, ca thit vio mua mua.
Ket qua phan tich hinh thli cho thiy au trimg cua loll H. taichui cd cau tao dang hinh elip, ed thinh bio nang k h i dly. Kieh thudc l u tning khoang 192- 218x162-188 pm (n = 20) v l khdng cd eae hat sic td nau. Gilc midng d phia trudc, gilc bung d giiia. Gilc midng khdng cd gai phan bd xung quanh. Tui bai biet hinh chii O va nam chiem phin ldn d phia cuoi CO the. Dac trung ciia loai nly la ed cd tiii sinh due bung (venfrogenital sac) hinh gang tay bdng chay vdi 11-18 hat kitin. Ve hinh thai eua loai ky sinh trung nay tuong dong vdi nhung md ta cua Truong Thi Hoa va Nguydn Ngpc Phudc (2009), Dang Thuy Binh va c^(2014), Chai etal. (2017).
Au trimg metacercariae eua loli 71^ orientahs it dupc tim thay nhidm frdn c l fra. Chtiiig nhidm fren c l d giai doan c l gidng vao miia khd, c l gidng v l ca thit vao miia mua vdi ty Id nhidm thip. Ket qua phan tieh hinh thli eho thay au tiling ciia loli M. orientahs ed elu tao dang hinh elip, thinh bio nang rat dly (5- 19 pm). Kich tiiudc au tiling khoang 156-188x138-170 pm (n = 20) v l cd eac hgt sle td nau. Giac mieng d phia tiirdc au tiling, giac biing d giiia, cd kich thudc bang kich thudc giac midng. Tiii bli tidt nlm d phia
cudi, mlu den sam, binh chu O. Didm khac biet giiia lu triing M. orientahs va au trimg C sinensis la thanh bao nang ciia M orientalis gdm hai lap v l day gap 4 lln b i o nang eua au tning C. sinensis. Vd hinh thli cua loli au trimg M. orientahs tuong dong voi nhimg md t l ciia Murell va Pozio (2017).
Hinh 3. Au trung metacercariae cua loli ff. taichui (A) v l M orientahs (B), Stellantchasmus sp. (C)
Au trung metacercariae cua loli Stellantchasmus sp. it dupc tim thay nhidm frdn c l tra. Chung nhidm fren ca d giai doan ca huong v l c l thit vio miia khd;
c l huong, ca gidng v l c l thit vio miia mua vdi ty le nhidm rat thip. Kdt qua phan tich hinh thli cho thiy l u tning cua loli Stellantchasmus sp. cd cau tao d ^ hinh ehp. Kich thirdc l u trung khoang 150-200 x 130- 152 pm (n = 20) v l cd elc hat sle td nau rai rac khlp CO the. Gilc mieng ed kich thudc to d phia trudc au trimg, gilc bung cd kich thudc nhd hon giac mi§Dg, khdng cd bp phan sinh due. Tiii bli tidt mlu den, hinh chii D, chiem phin ldn phia sau ea the. V4 hinh thai cua loai au trimg Stellantchasmus sp. tuong dong vdi nhung md ta cua Dang Thiiy Binh va ctv (20U),Chai etal. (2016).
Tdm tai, tii cle ket qua ghi nh^n d frdn, ed th^
thay vio mita khd tinh frang nhidm au trimg metacercaria san 11 song chu fren e l fra it hon vao mua mua. Ba loai au trimg sin II song ehii: C Iormosanus, C. sinensis, H. taichui xuat hidn pho bien frong miia khd. Ngupe lai, vao mua mua thi ba loll au trimg sin song ehii gdm: C. Iormosanus, C.
sinensis, E. oviformis cimg xult hien fren ca fra. Qua dd, cd the thay loli C. formosanus xuat hidn quanh nam.
3.3. Miic do nhi&n metacercariae trfin d tra tii giai d o ^ c l bdt d ^ c l thit
3.3.1. Ty le nhidm metacercariae tren ca tra o mua khd vi miia mua
Ket qua ghi nhan ty Id nhidm l u trung khac nhau giiia gii^ miia khd va miia mua (Bang 2)
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Bing 2. Thtoh p h i i loa v4 t j \i nhiSm (%) & trimg metacercaria a mua kha v4 mua mua
KST 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TylenhiSm(%) Miia kho
Ca bot 15,44 11,76 2,21 5,88
Ca huong 30,77
15,38 7,69
Ca giong 11,35 9,93 4,96 4,26 4,96 3,55
Ca thit 19,44
3,7 8,33 6,48
3,7
Miia mua Ca
bat 18,9 7,87 1,57 6,3
Ca huong 32,14
8,93 14,29 7,14
Ca giong 12,58 14,57 4,64 7,95 6,62 3,31 1,99
Ca thit 27,96
8,60 4,30 7,53 3,23 10,75
3,23 Ghi chii: 1: C. formosanus; 2: C. siensis; 3: E. japonicus; 4: E. oviformis; 5: H. taichui; 6: M. orientahs; 7:
Stellantchasmus sp.
Cl fra bdt thudng nhidm 4 loai au triing metacercariae d frong mang II C. formosanus, C.
siensis, E. japonlcas va E. oviformis, e l miia mua v l miia khd. Ty Id nhidm d miia khd tir 2,21-15,44%, mua mua tir 1,57-18,9%. Giai doan ca bdt ed kieh thudc nhd, chua sir dung thirc an ngoli va mdi trudng nude dupe quan ly chat che ndn tinh frang nhidm lu triing khdng qua phiie tap nhu d cac giai doan e l Idn hon.
Sang giai doan c l huong, thinh phin lu triing ed su thay doi, au tiling nhidm frong mang gom 3 loai C.
Iormosanus, H. taichui, Stellantchasmus sp. Cle loli au trimg dupc tim thay d ca 2 mua, tuy nhien d miia mua xuat hidn thdm loai au tning E. oviformis. Ty Id nhidm d miia khd tii 7,69-30,77%, mua raua tii 7,14- 32,14%. Qua kdt qua ghi nhan cd thd thay d giai doan ca ldn cd su gia tang ty le nhidm au trimg.
6 giai doan c l gidng, cd su gia tang ding ke tiilnh phin au friing sin nhidm frong mang cl gom 6 loli C. Iormosanus; C. siensis; E. japonicus; E.
oviformis; H. taichui; M. orientahs. Va d mua mua phit hien thdm 1 loai au tiling Stellantchasmus sp.
Theo do, ty Id nhidm frdn c l gidng d mua khd dao dpng tii 3.55-11,35% va ty Id nhidm d miia mua dao dpng tii 1,99-14,57%. Nhin chung, thinh phin loai au titng da dgng, nhung ty Id nhidm thap hon giai doan ca huong. Giai doan nudi c l thit cung chi tim thay 5 loai gdm: C. formosanus; C. siensis; E. japonicus; E.
oviformis: Stellantchasmus sp. d ca 2 miia khd v l miia mua. O mua mua da phit hidn thdm 2 giong H.
taichui va M. orientahs vdi ty Id nhidm d miia khd dao dpng tii 3,7-19,4% vl ty le nhidm d miia mua dao dpng tii 3,23-27,96%. Rd ring d giai doan c l ldn tiii thinh phin loli au tning san II song chu giai doan metacercanae cing da dang hon.
Theo nghidn eihi ciia Thien etal (2007) thi ty Id nhidm au trimg metacercariae frdn c l fra khi thap (0,03%). Ket qua nghien cuu cua Truong Thi Hoa v l Nguydn Ngoc Phudc (2009) xlc dinh dupe 3 loli l u triing metacercariae eua sin la song ehu ky sinh frdn ea chep va c l frlm cd gdm C. formosanus, C. siensis, H. taichuico ty Id nhidm eao, dao ddng tir 24,6-32,9%.
Ty Id nhidm metacercariae frdn el chep 11 65,4% vl c l frlm ed II 55,8%. Tuy nhien, nghidn eiru cua Ld Thi Kun Guong va ctv (2010) cho thay ty Id nhidm l u trimg giong Haplorchis frdn c l fra nhidm tir 8,33-10%.
Ben canh dd, Tliuy etal. (2010) phit hidn dupe 4 loai au trimg metacercanae (Haplorchis pumiho, H.
taichui, Centrocestus formosanus vi Procerovum sp.) fren cl fra vdi ty Id nhidm dao ddng tii 1,66-6,45%
tiiy theo md hinh nudi. Nhdm tie gia eung ghi nhan SIT xuat hidn cua au triing metacercariae theo mua vl dp tuoi cua cl, cl nhidm au trimg metacercariae cao nhat vao miia mua vl do tuoi tir 61-90 ngay.
Tidp theo dd, nghidn ciiu cua Dang Thuy Bmh vl ctv (2014) ciing phit hien 3 loli metacercariae fren ca fra vl ghi nhan su xult hidn cua metacercariae theo kich thudc vl khu vuc dia ly. Ty Id cam nhiem cao nhat ddi vdi loli H. taichui la 43,47%, tap trung chu yeu d ea tiiu tai Cln Tha la kha cao so vdi eac nghien ciiu trudc day. Ty Id elm nhidm cua elc loli au triing metacercariae dao dpng giua cle loai el, d c l tra thu duac 3 loai vdi ty Id elm nhidm tii 2,13% (C. Iormosanus) den 43,47% (H.
taichui). Trdn cl rd dong thu duoc 3 loli vdi ty le elm nhidm dao dpng hi 6,67% (Centiocestus sp.) den 40%
(Haplorchis sp.), va fren ca ddi thu dupe 3 loli vdi ty Id nhidm dao ddng tii 33,33% (Clonorchissp.), 66,67%
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020 85
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
(Stellantchasmus sp.) vl 83,33% (Procerovum sp.).
Ty Id cam nhidm au tning C. formosanus frdn c l fra thip nhit II 2,13% v l ty Id elm nhidm au trimg Procerovum sp. frdn cl ddi eao nhit 1183,33%.
Theo nghien ciiu cua Wanlop et al (2017) eho thay ty Id nhidm l u trimg loli C. formosanus tren cle loai c l chep d Thai Lan dao ddng tii 33,3-83,3%. Tuy nhidn, nghidn cuu gin day cua Pham Cu Thidn v l ctv (2018), ghi nhan ty Id nhidm C. formosanus va giong Haplorchis k h i thap so ket qua cua de tii. Ty Id nhidm cic gidng loai san II nly dao dpng tir 1,4-8%.
Bdn canh do, tuong tu nhu nhan dinh cua de tii, nghidn eiiu nay eung ghi nhan ty Id nhidm au triing metacercariae fren c l hd vio miia mua eao hon miia khd, ty Id nhidm anh hudng bdi miia vu, luang vdi bdn vl thin gian phoi dly ao. Bdn canh dd, tie gil eho biet ty le nhidm metacercariae frdn c l cd vay trong miia mua cao ban miia khd, cd y nghia thong Bang 3. Cudng dQ nhi^m l u tning
kd (P <0,05). Cd 4 loli au tiling metacercanae dupc tim thay frong e l cd vay nudi thuong pham d thanh phd Hd Chi Minh gdm ff. pumilio. C formosanus.
Procevonun sp. va E. oviformis. Ty le nhidm l u triing metaeeeariae frdn e l sac didp: 65.5%. c l chep ta: 4,096, ca chem: 0,8%, ea chim ti^g: 0,6% vl c l rd phi: 0,2%
(Pham Cii Thidn va ctv, 2018). Mat khlc, kdt qua nghidn ciiu cua Dinh Thi Thuy v l Nguydn Qudc Chi (2019) cho biet e l tra huong giong v l c l fra thit nhidm gidng sin la Haplorchis vdi tin s u i t ty 1$
nhidm tap trung eao vao mua mua (ao c l gidng tii 12,5-37,5%; ca thit tii 12,1-30,0%) vl thap vao miia kho (ao ca gidng bi 0,0-13,3%; c l thit tii 0,0-25,0%).
3.3.2. Cudng do nhiim au tning metacercariae tren ci tra dmua khd vi miia mua
Ket qua phan tich eho thiy cirdng dd nhi^m khlc nhau theo giai doan ca (Bang 3 vl 4).
metacercariae frdn c l tra a mda khd TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ky sinh triing C. formosanus C. siensis E. japonicus E. oviformis H. taichui M. orientahs Stellantchasmus sp.
Co quan Mang Mang Mang Mang Mang Mang Mang
Cabot tb (th-c) 2,5 (1-6) 2,1(1-4) 2,7(1-4) 1,4(1-2)
Ca huong tb (th-c) 2,7 (1-5)
2,4 (1-5) 2,0
Ca giong tb (th-c) 2,5 (1-5) 3,3 (1-7) 2,6 (1-5) 2,5 (1-6) 3,1 (1-7) 1,6 (1-3)
Cathit tb (th-c) 3,4 (2-10) 2,3 (1-5) 2,3 (1-5) 1,7 (1-3)
2,0 (1-3) Ghi chw (-) mau khdng nhidm ky sinh trung; tb: trung binh; th: thap nhit; c: cao nhit VIo miia khd, cudng dp nhidm au tning
metacercaria trung binh dao ddng khoang 1,4-3,4 l u triing/cung mang, nhidra thap nhat 1 l u triing/cimg mang, eao nhit 10 au triing/ eung mang. Trong dd, au trung loll C. lonnosanus xuat hidn pho bidn nhat.
Thdi diem miia khd mdi tnrdng nude thay doi nhidt dp k h i cao giira ngay v l ddm, nhidt dp nude ban ngay cd the ldn den 30-32''C. Thdm vio dd, vat chat hiiu eo frong nude d mire thip, do dd tao dieu kidn thuan 1^ cho su phit sinh vl lay lan cho mdt sd gidng loai ky smh tning gay hai cho cl. Mae dii sd luong giong loll ky sinh v l cudng dp nhidm thap nhung ty Id nhidm lai k h i cao d mdt sd gidng loli ky sinh tning. Trong dd, phai ke den II loli: C.
Iormosanus, C. siensis. Vi tiie ngudi nudi ein cd nhiing bien phip phdng bdnh vl on dinh mdi trudng
nude phii hpp, de giam thidt hai frong qui tiinh uong nudi.
Tirong tu, ket qua phan tieh d miia mua cho th^y cudng dd nhidm d c l bdt, c l huong, c l gidng va ci thit cung cd su gia tang khac nhau giua cle giai do^n cl. Mua mira, cudng dp nhidm au triing metacercariae trung binh dao ddng khoang 1,4-3,0 au trimg/cung mang, nhidm thap nhit 1 au triing/cung mang, cao nhat 10 au trimg/cung mang. Trong do, l u triing loli C. Iormosanus xult hien phd bidn nhit Cudng dd nhidm vao miia mua k h i tuong dong so vdi cudng dp nhidm vao miia khd. Didu nay ed thd la do su giam nhidt dd frong mdi trudng nude vl su tich tiJ nhieu vat chat hiiu ea frong nude ao nudi da lam giara su phit tiien cua cac loai an ti^g metacercariae.
86
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bang 4. Cubng dd nhi^m &i trimg metacercariae trfin c4 tra a mua mua Ky sinh trimg
C. formosanus C. siensis E. japonicus E. oviformis H. taichui M. orientahs Stellantchasmus sp.
Co quan Mang Mang Mang Mang Mang Mang Mang
Cabot tb (th-c) 2,4 (1-7) 1,7 (1-3) 2,5 (14) 1,4 (1-2)
Ca huong tb (th-c) 2,8 (1-5)
1,8 (1-3) 2,4 (1-5)
2
Ca giong tb (th-c) 2,8 (1-5) 2,8 (1-7) 2,6 (1-5) 2,8 (1-6) 3,0 (1-7) 1,6 (1-3) 2,7 (2-3)
Cathit tb (th-c) 3,0 (1-10)
1,9 (1-5) 1,8 (1-3) 1,7 (1-3) 2,7 (2-3) 2,1 (1-5) 1,7 (1-2) Ghi chii: (-) miu khdng nhidm ky smh triing; tb: trung bmh; th: thap nhat c: cao nhat Kdt qua bang 4 eho thiy cudng dp nhidm cua 7
loli lu tning sin 11 song ehu ky sinh d cac giai doan uong nudi ca fra II k h i thap so vdi nhiing nghidn ciiu tnrdc day. Theo nghien ciiu cua Nguydn Thi Thu Hing vl ctv (2008), cirdng dp nhidm san la song chu la 6 tnuig/lame. Tuy rihien, nghien euu eua Truang Thi Hoa vl Nguydn Ngoc Phudc (2009) ghi nhan 3 loli au trimg metacercariae cua C. Iormosanus, C.
siensis, ff. talchuiVy sinh frdn ea chep vl ea frlm ed vdi cudng dp nhidm tir 4,4-5,7 au trimg/mang ea.
Tirong tu, nghidn ciiu cua Ld Thi Kim Guong v l ctv (2010) ciing ghi nhan au tning metacercariae phan ldn nhidm frdn ca gidng uong nudi d Can Tha. Au triing metacercariae cua sin la rupt cd cudng dp elm nhiem thap hon so vdi ket qua cua dd tai, trung binh khoang 0,39 l u triing/ca. Trong khi dd, cudng dp nhidm gidng san la Haplorchis frdn e l tra tai tuih Ddng Thap dao ddng tii 1-103 l u tiTing/mlu.
Theo kdt qua ghi nhan cua VQ Dang Ha Quydn va ctv (2014), cudng dp nhidm sin la song ehu frdn ca fra dao dpng khoang 5,6-15,7 au tning/lame. Cdn nghidn ciiu cua Dang Thuy Binh va ctv (2014) eho bidt elc mlu ca fra duoc thu tap tnmg d cac ao uong nudi Cln Tha va Vinh Long thi cudng dp nhidm au tiling metacercariae lln luot la 145 lu tiamg/66 ea tild va 14 lu triing/68 ea tiie, chii yeu d ea ed kich thudc nhd, frong khi elc diem thu mlu khac nhu Ddng Thip va An Giang thi khdng tim thay au triing metacercanae nhidm frdn ca fra. Theo do, nghien euu cua Wanlop et al. (2017) ghi nhan eudng dd nhidm cua l u tning C. Iormosanus frdn cle loli c l chep d Thai Lan dao ddng tii 1,4-70,8 l u trimg/mlu.
Nghien ciiu cua Sumuduni et al. (2018) cung cho thiy lu tning ciia C. Iormosanus nhidm fren mang ea chep, vdi eudng dp nhidm tii 10-20 au trimg/mlu.
Tac gia cho biet khi cudng do nhidm lu triing C.
Iormosanus gia tang den 20-25 l u trimg/mlu se lam cho c l khd hd hap v l llm hao hut din cl.
Tdm lai, frong sd cle loll au trimg giai doan metacercariae ghi nhan nhidm fren c l fra uong gidng vl c l thit thi loli C. Iormosanus va C. siensis ludn cd ty Id nhidm cao. Hai loai l u triing nly nhidm fren elc giai doan ca v l nhidm cao nhat vio miia mua. Qua kdt qua nghien cuu eho thay can cd bidn phip ky thuat de giam ty Id nhidm frdn ca nudi thit, gdp phin bao dam an toln vd stnh thuc pham. Cle kdt q u i de tai ghi nhan dupe k h i tuang ddng vdi cle ghi nhan trudc day cua nhidu dd tai khlc. Tuy nhidn, cle loli au triing sin II song chu nay ehi dupe phit hidn nhidm frdn mang cua ea, chua duoc tim thay nhidm frong CO eua el. Dieu nay cd thd II do cle yeu td co hdi de l u trimg xam nhap vao sau frong ca the ca chua hoc phat. Mat khae eiing cd the do qua trinh phdng bdnh blng clch eho ca an thude tay giun sin dinh ky da gdp phin dang kd ngan chan su xam nhap cua lu trimg sin II song chii vao frong co cua cl.
Trong xu the dd cao an toan vd sinh thuc pham vl phdng ehong tac hai eiia bdnh do sin II song chu gay ra frdn ngudi, thi vide quan ly tot nguon lay nhidm va ngan chan hidu qua au triing san la nhidm frong CO ca la mot tin hieu dang mimg cho ndn sin xult vl tidu thu thuy san eiia dong blng sdng Cim Long. Tuy nhien, mua mua ludn la raua vu ed nhieu dieu kidn thuan lpi cho su phat trien ciia nhieu gidng loai ky sinh triing (Sohn et al., 2009). Miia mua la thdi diem m l mdi trudng nude bidn ddng manh nhit frong nam, bien dp thay ddi nhidt dp va pH ldn, nong dp vat chat hiru co frong nude cao va nude mua cudn theo nhieu mim bdnh tii frdn bd xudng ao nhidu ban. Do dd tao dieu kien thuan lm cho su phit sinh vl lay Ian ciia nhidu gidng loai ky sinh trung ky sinh gly hai cho ea. Chiing ky sinh va gay hai frdn nhidu
N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020 87
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £ CO quan c l ban v l cudng dp nhidm ciing gia tang eao
hon d mdt sd gidng loli ky sinh tning khlc (Sohn et al., 2009).
4. KFT LUAN
Cd 7 loli l u tning san II song chii nhidm frdn e l tra 11: C. Iormosanus, C. siensis, E. japonicus, E.
ovilormis, ff. taichui M. orientahs, Stellantchasmus sp. Trong dd, au triing loai C. Iormosanus nhidm pho bien frdn mang c l d cle giai doan uong nudi va d ca miia khd v l raiia raua. Tat ca 7 loai au tning deu khdng tira thay nhidm frong co cua el. Ngoli ra, thinh phin gidng loli cua au trimg sin la song ehu vao miia khd duoc ghi nhan II k h i thip so vdi miia mua d mdi giai doan el. Ty Id nhidm elc gidng l u trimg dao ddng tir 2,21-30,77% vio miia khd. VIo raua raua, ty Id nhidm au trung metacercariae dao ddng tii 1,57-32,14%. Cudng dp nhidm cua cle gidng l u trimg tuong ddi thap, dao ddng tir 1,4-3,4 l u trimg/larae.
TAI ueu THAM KHAO
1. Bill Ngpc Thanh, 2017. Nghidn ciiu hidn frang au triing san 11 cd kha nang lay truyen cho ngudi nhidra frdn ca d khu vuc mien mii phia Ble Viet Nam. Luan In tidn si stnh hpe. Hpe vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghd. Vidn HIn lara Khoa hpc va Cdng nghd Vidt Nara.
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Korean Journal Parasitology. 55: 445-449.
STUDY ON METACERCARIAE INFECTED TREMATODA FLUKES ON STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophtiiahnus) IN MEKONG DELTA
Nguyen Thi TTiu HangS Dang Thuy Mai Tliy^
^Department of Aquatic Biology and Pathology, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries Summary
The study was carried out to identify species and biological charactenstics of frematode metacercariae in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). A total of 864 samples from fry to grow-out fish were collected in the rainy and dry seasons. Results showed that there were 7 species of Trematode metacercariae, including: C. formosanus, C. siensis, E. japonicus, E. oviformis, H. taichui, M. orientahs, Stellantchasmus sp.. in which, the metacercanae of C. formosanus were most frequently found at all stages of fish m both seasons. Moreover, metacercanae of Trematodes were found in fish gills but none in fish muscle. The prevalence of Trematode metacercanae in dry season was recorded as 2.21-30.77%, relaUve low compare to the prevalence in rainy season (1,57-32 14%). The intensity of metacercanae infection was rather low, approximately 1.4-3.4 metacercaria/gill.
Keywords: Stripe catSsh, metacercariae, trematode.
Ngudi phan bien: TS. HI Kf Ngly nh|n bli: 20/12/2019 Ngly thdng qua phan bidn: 21/01/2020 Ngay duyet dang: 31/01/2020
