CHINH SACH PHAT TRIEN NHAN LUC
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE CHO OOANH NGHIEP 0 VIET NAM
I ThS. HOANG VAN TUYEN - ThS. NGUYEN THj MINH NGA (*)
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hat trien nhan iflc khoa hpc vd cong nghe (KH&CN) noi chung va nhan lflc KH&CN cho doanh nghiep ndi rieng ludn la vdn d4 Uu tidn hang dau cua chfnh phu nhilu quoc gia, ke ca cac qud'c gio phat trien vd dang phat trien. Mdl quoc gia cd each tie'p can chinh sach khac nhau trong viec phat tri^n nhdn Iflc KH&CN phuc vu doanh nghiep. Cac loqi chinh sdch nay bao gonn ddo tgo, thu hut, tuyen dung va sfl dung, Ifldng vd thu nhdp, ton vinh khen thUdng, dgc biet Id tgo mdi trudng de nhan lflc KH&CN lam viec. Bdl Viet ndy tdp trung phdn tich cdc chfnh sdch hien tgi vd de xudt mot sd giai phap trong thdi gian tdl nhdnrt phdt trien nhdn lflc KH&CN cua doanh nghiep Viet Nan).1. Nhan iflc va phat trien nhdn iflc khoa hpc va cdng nghe
1.1 Quan ni$m ve nhan It/c khoa hqc va cdng ngh$'''
Theo nghTa rdng, nhan luc KH&CN bao gdm nhflng ngUdi sd hflu tri thflc va tham gia vao cac hogt dpng khic nhau. Him IUdng tri thflc tfch luy trong nhdn Iflc KH&CN ed t h l nhgn dupc thdng qua dao tgo chfnh thflc hogc thdng qua tieh luy kinh nghidm vd c i c cdng vide lien quan den KH&CN v i doi mdl. Cd hai each tiep can pho biln v l nhdn iflc KH&CN:
Thd nhdt, ngudn nhan Iflc KH&CN gdm nhflng ngUdI dip flng dupe mdt trong nhflng dieu kign: da tdt nghidp cao dang/dgl hpe v l mdt tinh vflc KH&CN; tuy chua dgt dupc dleu kidn neu tren, nhung lam vide trong mpt ITnh vUe KH&CN ddi hdi phii cd trinh dd tUdng dUdng.
Nhan Iflc KH&CN ed t h l chia thanh 2 logi:
mdt Id, nhan lye KH&CN cap dp dai hpe la nhflng ngudi hoan thanh mdt trong cdc dieu kidn: cd bang cao dlng/dgl hpc hogc sau dgi hpe v l mdt ITnh vuc KH&CN; tuy chua dgt dflpc dieu klen ndu trdn, nhung idm vide trong mdt ITnh vflc KH&CN ddi hdi phii cd trinh dp tfldng dUdng. Hai Id, nhan luc KH&CN cap dd ky thudt vien, gdm nhflng ngudi hoan thinh mdt trong ede dilu klen: cd chflng nhan tham gla cac chUdng trinh hpc mflc dp thip hPn cao dang/dgl hpcve mdt ITnh vflc KH&CN; tuy chUa C) Vl$n Chidn IffQc va Chinh sdch Khoa hqc vi Cdng ngh$ - BQ Khoa hqc vd Cdng ngh$
dgt dupc dleu klen ndu trdn, nhung ldm viec trong mdt ITnh vfle KH&CN ddi hdi phdi cd trlnh dp tUPng dUdng.
Nhan Iflc nghidn cflu vd triln khai dupc xac dinh la tat ca nhflng ngfldi lam vide tn/c tilp ve nghidn cflu vd triln khai eung nhU nhflng ngudi cung cap cac djch vu trflc tiep nhu ngUdI quin ly, hdnh chfnh vd thU ky nghidn cflu va triln khai. Theo chuyen mon, thi nhan luc nghidn cflu va trien khai glm cac nghidn cflu vidn (nhflng ngudi cd chuyen mdn tham gla v i o viec hinh thanh va tgo ra tri thdc, s i n phim, quy trinh, phUdng phap va he thd'ng mdi cung nhu quin ly cdc dfl dn lidn quan); ky thudt vidn vd tUdng dUdng (nhflng ngUdi ma cdng viec chinh cDa hp ddl hdi tri thflc cdng nghe vd kinh nghidm trong mdt hogc nhieu ITnh vye ky thuat, vat ly, khoa hpc sfl song hogc khoa hpc xa hdi va nhin vdn. Hp tham gla vdo nghidn eflu vd triln khai bdi vide thyc hien eic nhiem vu khoa hpc v i ky thugt lien quan dd'n vide i p dyng eie khdl nigm, phUdng phap hogt ddng va thdng thudng dudi si/
hudng dan cDa c i c nghien cflu vidn. Cic nhin lflc tUdng dUPng thflc hidn cac nhidm vy nghidn eflu vd triln khai tfldng flng dudl ss/
hudng d i n cda cac nghien cflu vidn). Nhdn li/c ho trd khic (nhflng ngUdi cd ky nang, khdng ed ky nang, thU ky tham gla vdo eac dfl in nghidn cflu vd triln khai hogc trflc tiep phdi hpp trong ede dfl dn dd). Theo bang cap, thl nhan Ifle nghidn eflu v i triln khai gdm nhflng ngudl cd hpc vj tien sT, cd bang thgc sT vd dgi
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To chiH! nha nnwc so 12/2015hpc, nhflng ngUdi ed chflng ch? ddo tgo nghe v i nhflng ngudi cd bing cap ky thudt khde.
Thd hai, theo UNESCQ, nhdn Ifle KH&CN dflfle xdc djnh la t i n g sd nhflng ngudi tham gla trflc tiep vao hoat ddng KH&CN vd cdc djch vy KH&CN trong mdt td chflc hoae mpt ddn vj.
Nhdm nay gdm ca nhflng nha khoa hpc, ky sU, ky thudt vidn vd nhan lue ho trp. Khdi niem ndy ddng nghTa vdi khdl nldm nghien cflu vien va trp ly nghidn cflu vidn hogt ddng tfl cdc ITnh vyc khoa hpc tfl nhien den cdc ffnh vyc khoa hpc xa hdi vd nhin vdn.
Nhu vdy, da cd sfl khdc nhau v l cdch tiep cdn khdi nidm nhan luc KH&CN gifla UNESCO vdl mdt sd t l chflc khdc. Khii niem nhdn Iflc KH&CN cDa UNESCO nhin m^nh vdo hoat ddng KH&CN (nghi nghidp) khdng phdn bidt bang elp, k l c i nhflng nhdn Iflc ho trp cung dupe tfnh vio nhin Ifle KH&CN. NgUpc Igi, nhflng ngudi cd bang cap khdng tham gia v i o hogt ddng KH&CN thi Igl khdng dupe tinh v i o nhdn lye KH&CN. Khii nidm cua OECD nhdn m^nh vdo tiSm ning nhin luc KH&CN. Tuy tflng ngfl cdnh vd myc dfch thd'ng kd md sfl dung khii mem eDa OECD hay UNESCO. B i i vilt niy sD dyng khii ni^m nhdn Iflc KH&CN theo cich tiep can cDa OECD.
1.2 Phit tridn nhdn Iffc khoa hqc vd cdng ngh$
Phdt triln nhdn Iflc ndi chung dupc xdc djnh Id trao quyln eho cd nhdn bing edeh tdng cudng ndng lue ddng gdp ma hp ed t h l mang d i n sfl c i i thidn v l cha't lupng cudc sdng eho ehfnh hp, gia dinh, cdng ddng, doanh nghidp va xa hdi. Quan diem ve phdt trien ngudn nhan Iflc cDa cdc qudc gia trdn thd gidi khdng chf tap trung vdo nang Iflc tflng ed nhdn md hudng d i n viec xdy dflng ndng Ifle t h l che d cd'p qud'c gia, thdng qua ede bidn phip ve ehfnh sich, ke hogch v i chlln lupc phat trien kinh te - xa hdi'^'. NhU vdy, phdt triln nhin Iflc dupc hieu l i vigc tgo dilu kidn phdt triln nang IUc nhan Iflc qudc gia d l dgt dupe sfl phdt triln b i n vflng, toan didn vd edng bang, ddng thfli, tdng cudng phuc ldi cDa tflng ea nhan.
Trdn ed sd ndy, phdt trien nhdn Iflc KH&CN chfnh Id vide tgo dieu klen phdt trien ndng tflc cDa nhdn Iflc KH&CN, gdp phin phdt trien ndng Ifle nhdn lyc qud'c gla ndi chung. Cac bidn phdp chfnh sieh phdt triln nhdn Ifle KH&CN bao gdm: ehfnh saeh ddo tgo, thu hut,
tuyln dyng vd sfl dung, lUdng vd thu nhdp,...
va quan trong hdn, dd Id chfnh sach tgo mdl trudng cho phdt trien nhan Ifle KH&CN.
2. Chinh sdch phat trien nhdn lflc khoa hoc va cdng nghg cho doanh nghigp d Vift Nam
2.1 Ve chinh sich
Phit trien nhan lflc KH&CN cho doanh nghigp d Viet Nam thdi gian qua dUde t h l hidn trong nhieu chfnh sich, tfl luat cho d i n ede van b i n dudi ludt; tfl cdc chfldng trinh, d l dn d trung Udng den cdc chUdng trinh, d l i n d dja phUdng. Cac chfnh sieh ndy phin nao ndi Idn nd Iflc cDa n h i nUdc trong vide phat trien nhdn luc KH&CN ndi chung, nhdn lUe KH&CN cho doanh nghiep ndi ridng. Cde ehinh sach ndy the hidn dudi cde khfa cgnh:
- Ddo tgo ndng cao trinh dp nhan Iflc KH&CN ed trinh dd sau dgi hpe da dupc xdc dinh khd ro trong Quy ehe ddo tgo sau dgi hpc can efl vao Lugt Gido dye nam 2005: "dinh cho nhflng ngUdi da tdt nghiep dgi hpc vdi myc dfch trang bj nhflng kiln thflc sau dgi hpc vd nang eao ky ning thflc hdnh nhim x i y dflng dpi ngu nhflng ngudl lam khoa hpc cd pham chit chfnh tri, dgo dflc, cd y thfle phye vy nhan din, ed trinh dp cao, ddp flng yeu c l u phdt trtln kinh t l - xd hdi, KH&CN cDa dat nudc.
Thgc sT phdi cd kiln thfle ehuydn mdn vflng vdng, cd nang Ifle thye hanh vd khi ndng thfch flng cao trUdc sfl phit trien cDa khoa hpc, ky thudt vd kinh t l , cd khi nang phat hien va glil quylt nhflng v i n d l thudc chuyen nganh dupe ddo tgo. Tien sT phdi ed trinh dp cao ve ly thuyet v i thflc hanh, ed ndng Iflc sing tgo, ddc ldp nghidn cflu, cd k h i ndng hudng d i n nghidn eflu khoa hpc va hoat ddng chuyen mdn, phat hign vd glil quylt nhflng van d l KH&CN". Mye tidu niy hoin todn phu hpp vdi viec hinh thanh ddi ngu cae n h i khoa hpe trinh dd cao ed khd ndng tgo ra nhflng s i n p h i m KH&CN ed chat lupng, nhan iye KH&CN phuc vy cho nhu c l u vd ddi hdi cDa doanh nghidp.
Bdn cgnh dd, Nhd nude dd ban hanh nhllu chfnh sdeh tgo dleu kien cho nhin lye hpe t i p vd nghidn cflu d nudc ngodi, thu hut cdc trung tdm, trudng dgi hpc nude ngoai vdo Viet Nam, thdng qua cae nghj djnh thu gifla cdc chfnh phD, cdc chUdng trinh hpc bing khdc nhau.
Nhieu chUdng trinh, de t i l eDa eic bd, nganh, dja phfldng cung dinh nhflng khoin kmh phf T6 chuc nha nuoc so 12/2015
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nhit djnh tao dilu kidn cho cdc nha khoa hpc, nghidn cflu vien hpc tdp d nudc ngoai.
- Nha nudc da cd nhflng no lflc nha't dinh nham thu hut nhan Iflc KH&CN tfl nUdc ngoai, ke cd nhdn Ifle KH&CN l i ngudi Vidt Nam d nude ngodi, tham gia hogt ddng KH&CN tgi Viet Nam. Su quan tam cua Nha nUde the hidn dudi nhllu hinh thfle khic khau thdng qua eac ehUdng trinh, de i n thu hut nhdn Iflc cu the hoac dupc de cap trong cdc van bdn lugt v l eU tru, ve qudc tjch.
Viec tuyen chpn, sfl dung dung ngUdi la mdt trong nhflng khdu quan trpng nhi't trong viec phdt triln nhdn luc. Cic chinh sich nham tuyln dyng va sfl dung hidu q u i nhdn Iflc KH&CN, dac biet la nfiin Ifle KH&CN phyc vy doanh nghiep dupc t h l hidn thdng qua c h l dp hpp ddng iao ddng ddl vdl nhan lflc hogt ddng KH&CN, thflc hien kiem nhidm trong hogt ddng KH&CN va c i c Uu dai trong b l nhiem v i tgo dieu klen thuan lpi nhit cho ca nhin trong hoat ddng KH&CN.
- LUdng va thu nhgp ddi vdi nhin lflc KH&CN. Viec quy djnh khoin thu nhgp gan iiln vdi hogt ddng kidm nhidm, hdp ddng kinh t l , hpp ding ehuyin giao ky thudt, chuyin giao cdng nghe, hogt ddng djch vy KH&CN la ddng Iflc thuc day nhan luc KH&CN tham gia vao glai quylt cdc vin de cua doanh nghiep. Nhan lue KH&CN edn dupe hudng ty Id phan chia Ipi nhugn khi sfl dyng, ehuyin giao quyen sfl dyng, chuyin nhupng, gdp vdn bang kit q u i nghien eflu khoa hpc v i phdt trien cdng nghd sfl dung ngan sach nhi nudc. Ngoai ra, mdt s6 nhdm nhin luc KH&CN nhit dinh cdn dupe Uu ddi ve bdc IUdng, Uu dai lUdng hdng thing.
- Tdn vinh, khen thudng nhin lyc KH&CN.
D4 ddng vidn, khfch Id kjp thdi nhin Iflc KH&CN phdt huy khi nang sing tgo, flng dyng cic thanh tflu KH&CN vio s i n xult v i ddi sd'ng. Ding va N h i nude dd ban hanh mot sd hinh thflc glii thudng nham tdn vinh cic nhdn lflc KH&CN ed nhieu thanh tfch xult sac trong hogt ddng KH&CN. Vide trao eic gial thudng cho nhan lye KH&CN vfla la sfl tdn vinh dd'i vdl nhflng thanh qui lao ddng sang tgo cDa ngUdi dupc trao glai trudc t i p t h l vd xd hdi, vfla cd tac dyng co vu, dpng vien mpi ngufli cd gdng vUdn len gidnh glii thudng, ddng thdi tuyen truyen tdi cic tang Idp nhan ddn vd ehfnh sdch trpng dyng nhin t i i cDa dd't
nUdc, tgo thdnh n i p sing, Idi sdng biet quy trpng ngUdi tdi dflc.
- Tgo mdi trUdng, dieu kien lam vide cho nhan lflc KH&CN. Ca nhdn hoat ddng KH&CN ndi chung vd e i nhdn hogt ddng KH&CN trong doanh nghidp ndi rieng dUdc tgo nhflng dilu kidn ve phUdng tien, trang thiet bj, vat tU, phdng thf nghiem, cd sd thye nghiem va cae dilu ki§n can thilt khac de thyc hien nhi$m vy KH&CN;
tgo didu kidn tiep can thdng tin, ed sd dfl lieu KH&CN d l thflc hidn nhidm vu KH&CN.
2.2 Mot sd thanh cdng, h^n chd cda chfnh sdch phdt tridn nhan Iffc khoa hqc vd cdng ngh$ cho doanh nghi$p d Vi$t Nam
a) Mot sd thdnh cdng
- N h i nUde ta da md rdng nhieu iogi hinh, chUdng trinh v i ndi dung d i o tgo, bdl dudng nham phdt triln dpi ngu nhin lflc KH&CN c6 trinh dp cao ndi chung, nhdn Iflc KH&CN phyc vu doanh nghidp ndi ridng.
LUdng cua nhin lue KH&CN dan dan dupc c i i thidn vdi khoin thu nhip tfl cic hdp ddng KH&CN, phdn chia ldi ich trong viec thUdng mai hda tdi s i n tri tud, sin phim KH&CN tgo ra tfl ngdn sdch nhd nudc.
- Nhd nude va xd hdi ngay cdng d l cao vai trd cda nhdn lyc KH&CN ndi ehung, nhan IUc KH&CN phyc vy doanh nghiep ndi rieng. Dieu nay the hien qua viec ngay cang cd nhieu chinh sach thu hut, trpng dung, chfnh sich tgo cic lien k i t "mem" cda nhan Iflc KH&CN glQa khu vflc vien nghien cflu, trUdng dgi hgc va doanh nghiep.
- Ghe dp lao ddng hpp ddng cd the huy dpng dupc ddng dao nhan Iflc KH&CN tham gia hogt dpng KH&CN; t r i hda ddi ngu nhin lflc KH&CN, tgo lflc IUpng dfl trfl k l tuc ldp nhin Iflc KH&CN cao tuli; ting cUdng tinti cgnh tranh ve ning Iflc v i hidu qui cdng tac, de thay t h l nhan luc thid'u nang Ifle. Ngfldi lam hpp ddng dai hgn ed trich nhidm vd quyen IcJi nhu ngudl trong bien che, ke c i vide di nudc ngodi d l thue hidn nhiem vu hpp tic v^
KH&CN hode d l hpe tdp, boi dudng nang cao trinh dp. Hdp ddng lao ddng trong hogt ddng KH&CN dupe i p dyng rdng rai gifla cic t l ehfle, eae thanh phan kinh t l , ca nhdn va dac bidt doanh nghidp ed nhu clu sfl dyng lao ddng KH&CN tfl cde khu vflc khac.
- C h l dp lao ddng kiem nhidm trong hogt ddng KH&CN mang lai nhilu Ipl fch dd'i vdl si/
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T6 chnc nhtt nu&c so 12/3015phat trien KH&CN: khai thdc tdi da tiem nang chit xam cDa lao ddng KH&CN, tan dyng dflfle ndng Iflc "du thfla" eDa nhdn Iflc KH&CN; glii quyet tinh trgng thieu "nhdn Iflc ed trinh dp" d nhilu ddn vj, doanh nghiep;
ting cudng hdp t i c , trao ddi tri thflc gifla khu vflc vidn nghidn eflu, trudng dgi hpc vd doanh nghidp, ddng thdi tang thu nhap eho nhan lue KH&CN.
- Tgo dleu kidn tdi da cho nhdn Iflc KH&CN v l cd sd v i t chit, phdng thf nghidm, kinh phf hogt ddng KH&CN, tilp edn thdng tin KH&CN, cdng bd k i t q u i KH&CN; uu dai ddi vdi nha khoa hpc dupc giao chD tri nhidm vu KH&CN clp qudc gla die bidt quan trpng; Uu ddi ddi vdl nha khoa hpe tre tdi ning.
b) Mdt sd h^n chd
- Dd'i tupng ddo tgo nhdn Iflc KH&CN cDa ede de dn, chfldng trinh d i u hudng vao nhan Iflc dang lim vl$c tgi ede trudng dgi hpc, cac vidn nghidn cflu, phdng thi nghidm trpng dilm qudc gia, cdc trung tam cdng nghd eao, cdc cd quan hdnh chfnh, sfl nghigp tfl trung Udng d i n dja phUdng, cdc to chflc chfnh trj - xd hdi hudng lUdng tfl ngdn sdch nha nude va cde doanh nghidp nhd nude, h i u nhu khdng de cdp d i n nhin Iflc KH&CN Idm vide trong khu vflc doanh nghidp ngodi nhd nude.
- Thul thu nhdp ddl vdl cd nhin hogt ddng KH&CN v i n tfnh mflc ehju thud nhu ddl vdl c i nhdn hogt ddng trong cac ffnh vflc khdc'^'.
- Chfla cd quy djnh tdng cddng lUu chuyen nhdn lflc KH&CN gifla cdc khu vflc trong ndn kinh t l , nhllu doanh nghidp khd tuyln dyng nhdn Ifle KH&CN, die bidt nhin Ifle KH&CN phye vu hogt ddng nghidn cflu, doi mdi cDa doanh nghidp.
- Nhd nudc ta vdn edn "lung tung" trong nhflng quy djnh "Uu ddi" v l thu nhgp them cho cin bd KH&CN tgo ra edng nghe (cd b i o hd hay khdng b i o hd). Cde quy djnh ve ty Id phdn ehia ldi nhudn khi sfl dyng, ehuyen giao quyln sfl dyng, ehuyin nhupng, gdp vdn bing k i t q u i nghidn cflu khoa hpc vd phdt triln edng nghd sfl dyng ngdn sdch n h i nUde chua thdng nhd't theo quy djnh cDa phip ludt sd hflu tri tue.
- Chfnh sdch IUdng cDa ed nhdn hogt ddng KH&CN ndi chung chdm dupe ddi mdi. Dilu niy Id do chfnh sdeh tdl chfnh hidn hdnh quy djnh vide phdn b l kinh phi chl thudng xuydn
ehua g i n vdi cdc ydu eau cy t h l v l s i n phim, nhidm vy dau ra. LUdng cDa c i c ddn vj cdng ehu y l u dupe phin b l trdn cd sd bien e h i nhdn vdi djnh mflc, ben cgnh dd thfle hidn theo eac de t i i KH&CN va phin bo kinh phf d l t i i theo cdc chuydn d l . Viec phan bo ndy d i n tfli tutudng bao cap, trdng chd, ^ Igl vdo ngan sach nhd nude va chgy theo sd IUdng chuyen de m i khdng gan vdl ket q u i sdn phim KH&CN cudi eung.
- Chfnh sdeh ddo tgo, sfl dyng vd quin I]?
nhan Iflc chfla thflc sfl tgo ddng Ifle hut mdt each rpng rai c i c nhin tdi. Phin Idn eic nhan Iflc KH&CN d i u tfl tim ngudn kinh phf de thflc hien tfl ddo tgo. Ty Id nhdn lflc nghien cflu hidn nay cd trinh dd cao trong ed quan nghien cflu cdn han c h l , ddc bidt, trinh dd ngogi ngfl dang id mdt trd nggi Idn d l ndng eao hieu q u i Idm vide cDa nhdn luc KH&CN.
- Quy djnh v l Uu dai nhdn lye KH&CN theo Nghi djnh sd 40/2014/NO-CP ngiy 12/5/2014 va Nghj djnh sd 99/2014/ND-CP ngay 25/10/2014 cDa Chfnh phu chUa tgo dpng cd cho c i nhdn hoat ddng KH&CN phye vu doanh nghidp; mdt sd tieu chf khd xdc djnh, thidn v l cd nhdn hoat ddng trong t l ehfle cdng ldp, vang bdng dd'i tupng doanh nghidp ngoii nha nude.
3. Mpt sd khuyin nghj
3.1 Ddo t^o, boi dffdng nhin Iffc khoa hqc vd cdng ngh$
- Sfl hgn che cDa ban Idnh dgo nhieu doanh nghiep l i mpt trong nhflng ydu td quan trpng dnh hudng den hogt ddng KH&CN cDa doanh nghigp. Vi viy, can ed chinh sieh d l phat trien hay bdl dudng, nang eao nhdn thflc cho dpi ngu nay ve vai trd, tam quan trpng cDa hogt ddng KH&CN vd d l i mdi ddi vdl doanh nghidp trong bdi cdnh todn cau hda vd hdi nhdp quic t l hien nay.
- Cd chfnh sdch khuydn khfch tao ldp mdi quan hd chat che glOa eic trfldng dgi tipc vdi doanh nghidp. Vide d i o tgo nghd khdng chf tien hdnh tai mdt trudng nghe chuydn bidt nao dd md eln dupc thye hidn vdi sfl phdi hpp gifla nha trudng va doanh nghiep, gifla dao tgo tgl trudng vdl ddo tgo tgi ndi sin xult - kinh doanh.
- Khuydn khfch, tgo dilu kidn de cde doanh nghidp Ildn kit, thue cde chuyen gia KH&CN trong vd ngodi nudc tdl Idm vide, phuc vy cho hogt ddng nghidn eflu vd triln khai hay xfl ly cdc van d l ve doi mdi cDa doanh nghiep.
To chnc nha nuoc so ia;/3015
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3.2 Tdng cffdng iffu chuyin nhan Iffc khoa hQC vd cdng ngh$
- Xdy dflng ehfnh sich lUu chuyen nhan lflc KH&CN gifla khu vflc vien nghien cflu, trUdng dgi hpe vd doanh nghiep.
- Cd chfnh saeh ptiu hpp nham thuc day nhdn Ifle KH&CN cda doanh nghidp tham gla gidng dgy tai eac cd sd giao due dgi hpe; nhin lUc giing dgy v i stnh vien trong cae ed sd gido dye dgi hpe tham gla cac hogt ddng nghien cflu v i d l i mdi tai doanh nghiep.
- Cd chfnh sich cu t h l ddi vdi nhdn lye KH&CN hogt ddng kidm nhiem. Cy t h l , nhan lye KH&CN trong doanh nghiep cd the dupe kidm nhidm d trudng dgi hpc, vidn nghien cflu vd cP quan khic dudl hinh thflc nhu kiem nhidm mdt chflc vy Idnh dao chuydn mdn ve KH&CN hay qudn ly KH&CN.
3.3 Thu hut nhan Iffc khoa hqc vd cong ngh$ qudc td
Thu hdt nhdn Ifle KH&CN qud'c t l phyc vu nhu clu nghidn cflu vd d l i mdi cDa doanh nghidp Viet Nam bao gdm cd thu hut nhdn Iflc KH&CN Id ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngodi eung nhu ngudi nude ngodi. Cdc chfnh sach thu hut nhU: khuyin khfch v l tdi chinh (thdng qua cae ChUdng trinh, tdl trp, uu ddi thud, trp cap, hd trp di Igl vd dn d...); chfnh sach djnh cu dgc bidt (tgo dilu kidn lUu chuyen qud'c te nhan Iflc KH&CN, ke c i cdc thdnh vien trong gla dinh di theo); cdc td chflc dich vy hd trd thu hdt nhdn lye KH&CN quoe t l phyc vy doanh nghidp.v.v.
3.4 Tdn vinh nhan Iffc khoa hqc vd cdng nghS
- Thflc hidn c h l dp uu ddi, tgo mdi trudng thudn Ipi cho cae nhd khoa hpc ed tinh thin doanh thUdng trien khai thdnh cdng nhflng y tudng, k i t q u i KH&CN va d l i mdl tgi doanh nghidp.
- Cd cic hinh thfle khen thudng ddi vdi e i nhdn cd hogt ddng nghidn cflu, ddl mdi dem igi nhilu Ipl nhudn cho doanh nghiep (gido sU cdng nghidp); giup giil quyet eac v i n de ky thudt mang lgi hidu q u i kinh te eao eho doanh nghiep; ed ddng gdp xuat sac trong cdng t i c qudn ly hogt ddng KH&CN, quin ly ehit lUdng vd ddl mdi cDa doanh nghidp.
3.5 T90 i$p mdi trffdng phit tridn nhan Iffc khoa hqc vi cdng ngh$
• Nhanh ehdng tgo lap thl trudng nhdn lflc KH&CN.
Thflc hien c h l dp uu ddi eho cae nhi khoa hpe, ky su trudng cDa doanh nghidp. C6 chfnh sdeh sfl dyng nhflng ngudl ed nhllu cdng trinh nghien cflu khoa hpc vd phdt trien edng nghe xuat sac phuc vy doanh nghigp. C6 quy djnh uu dai t h u l thu nhgp cd nhin eho tit c i ddi tupng nhin Ifle hogt ddng KH&CN, khdng phdn biet nhan tye Idm vide eho khu vflc ndo.
- Khdng phan biet ddi xfl gifla nhdn lyc KH&CN lam viec trong khu vflc nhd nudc vd nhan lye KH&CN lam vide khu vyc doanh nghiep ngodi nhd nude. Dieu nay dupe thl hien tgi khd nhidu vdn b i n (Quylt dinh s6 322/QD-TTg ngdy 19/4/2000 cDa ThD tudng Chfnh phu; Nghj dinh sd 40/2014/ND-CP ngiy 12/5/2014 va Nghj djnh sd 99/2014/ND-CP ngay 25/10/2014 cua Chinh phu vd mdtsd van b i n khae) a
Tai lifeu tham khio:
1. Hodng Vdn Tuydn, Qud trinh hodn thi$n mang iddi cd quan KH&CN Vidt Nam theo hudng tang cudng iidn kdt Khoa hqc ~ Cdng nghiap:
NhiJng diu in iich sd. Tgp chf Chfnh sich vi quin ly khoa hpc vd cdng nghd (JSTPM), Vol. 3 (2),tr. 1-13,2014.
2. IVIai Ha, Hoang Vdn Tuydn v i Dio Thanh Trudng, Doanh nghidp khoa hqc vd cdng ngh$: tif iy luan den thtfc tiSn. Nxb Khoa hpc vd ky thuit, H.2015.
3. Nguyin Thj Minh Nga vd cdng sy, Nghidn cdu cd sd ly luan vd thtfc tiSn cho vi$c hlnh thdnh mdt sd chinh sach di chuydn nhdn itfc KH&CN giUa vien nghien cdu - trtfdng d^i hgc - doanh nghiep KH&CN d Vidt Nam, Bio cdo d l t i l clp bp, Bp Khoa hpc va Cdng nghd, 2010.
4. Kristlan Thom and Lauritz B. Holm-Nielsen, International Mobility of Researchers and Scientils:
Policy options for turning a Drain into a Gain, United Nations University, UNU-WWIDER, 8/2006.
5. OECD, The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities - Manual on the Measurement of the Human Resources Devoted to S&T "Canberra Manual", OECD, Paris - 1995.
6. OECD, Mobility of researchers between academia and Industry, OECD, Brussels, 2006.
