KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
IVGHIEIV CLIU AMH HUQIXIG CUA JVIOT SO YEU TO T d i SIIXIH TRUQIXIG CUA RUIVG TROIXIG GAO VAIVG
[Mauclea arientmlis L.) SAU 4 IXIAIVI TUOI
Nguygn Xuin HimgS Bid Vifet Hai^
T6MTAT
Nghien cuu duoc thuc hi^n vdi muc tieu xac dinh duoc nhung yeu td anh hudng tdi sinh trudng ciia rimg trong Gao vang tai Khu Bao ton Thign nhien Van hoa Dong Nai va Ban Quan ly rimg phong hg Xuan Ldc.
Cac flii nghidm dugc thuc hi^n vdi 3 lin lap, so lieu theo doi 4 nam. Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay cay con Gao vang thich hpp nhat de trong rimg la 6 thing tudi, mat dd trdng ban dau la 1.111 cay/ha, su dung phan NPK (16 -16 - 8) bon lot va bon thiic trong 2 nam dau cho k^t qua tdt nhat. Gao vang cd kha nang thich nghi va sinh tiudng tr&n ca nhung vimg diit ngap nude tdi 200 cm ven hd. sudi hay ngap ling theo mua, sinh trudng tdt d nhung noi c6 do ngap nude thap (< 50 cm) va sinh trudng giam dan 6 nhung noi c6 do ngap ung sau hon.
TII khoi: Cay Gao vang, dat ngap nuoc, yeu tdanb hudng.
1 . DAT VAN HE
Tdng didn tich dat lam nghiep cua tinh Ddng Nai l i 197.500,6 ha, frong dd rimg tir nhien la 123.406,1 ha, chiem 62,5%, rimg frong l i 48.472,7 ha, chiem 24,5%, dat ehua ed rimg l i 25.622 ha, chiem 13%
(UBND tinh Dong Nai, 2014). Rimg frdng chii yeu li nhiing loii ciy gd nhip ndi voi chu ky khai thic ngin. Rimg trdng tir ciy gd ban dia it dupc quan tim do ddi sdng dii, chi phi trdng va nudi rimg cao.
Nhiing han ehe niy cd the duoc khac phuc bing frdng rimg tii nhimg loai cay gd ban dia sinh truong nhanh vi gii fri cao ve kinh te. Vi the, nghidn cuu frdng rimg tir nhimg loii cay gd bin dia li mdt nhiem vu can dupc dat ra. Dat ban ngip nude cd the phue hdi dupc tham thuc vit d tinh Dong Nai cd dien tich khoang 3.000 ha (Nguydn Van Thuy, 2012), chiem 11,9% so vdi tong dien tich dat chua ed rimg (25.622 ha). Phan ldn dit ban ngip nude phin bd d ven hd thuy didn Tri An v i ven eic sdng va sudi Idn. Do do, nghidn ciiu khdi phuc rimg fren dat bin ngap nude khdng ehi cd y nghia ddi vdi viec bao ve cic hd nude, mi cdn mang lai hidu qua vd kinh te.
Gio vang {Nauclea orientalis L.) thudc hp Ci phd (Rubiaceae) la loii ciy gd ldn ban dia, ua sang vi sinh tiirdng nhanh. Gd dupc sir dung de lim nha va do mde gia dung; vd dung lim thudc (Pham Hoing Hd, 1999). Gio ving co the mpc thanh quan thu
Phan hieu Trucmg Dai hoc Lam nghiep t^i tinh Dong Nai
" Tnrdng Dai hoc Ndng Lam thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
thuan loii frdn nhimg dat hi ngip nude ngpt, ngip nude phen (Thii Van Trimg, 1999; Faisal Danu Tuheteru et at, 2014 ) vi cd k h i ning chiu ngip nude vdi dd pH dao ddng hi 2,8 - 6,6 (Miftahul Mawaddah et at, 2012). Trudc day da cd nhtmg nghien cuu ve trong rimg Gao ving fren mdt sd lip dia khic nhau d mien Ddng Nam bd (Nguydn Van Chien 2014) va midn Tiy Nam bo (Vd Nguon Thao vi ctv, 2016). Tuy viy, nhimg nghien ciiu niy vin chua lam rd nhimg ky thuat frdng va nudi dudng rimg Gio ving fren dat bin ngip nude d midn Ddng Nam bd. Ket qui cua nghien cuu niy cung cap nhirng thdng tin de xay dung ky thuit frdng vi nudi dudng rimg Gao ving fren nhiing dat ban ngap nudfc tai tinh Ddng Nai.
2 . BOI TUDNG, NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. Ddi tupmg v i pham vi nghito ciiu Ddi tupng nghien ciiu l i rimg Gio ving 2 - 4 tudi frong fren dat bin ngip nude d tinh Ddng Nai.
Nghien ciiu niy dupc dit tai Khu Bao tdn Thien nhien Van hda Ddng Nai va Ban Quan ly rimg phdng hd Xuin Ldc thudc tinh Ddng Nai. Khu vuc nghien cifu nim frong viing khi hau nhiet ddi gid miia. Mua mua xuat hien tu thing 5 den thing 11, cdn mua kho keo dai tii thing 12 nim trudc ddn thing 4 nam sau.
Nhiet dp khdng khi trung binh 25"C. Lupng mua trung binh nim li 2.100 ram/nim. Dp am khdng khi tiling binh 80%. Do eao dia hinh tii 80 -120 m so vol mat bien. Dat frdng rimg Gio vang la dat xim fren phii sa CO.
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
2.2. Npi dung nghifin ciiu
- Anh hudng cua tuoi ciy con dem frdng den sinh trudng cua rimg frong Gio ving.
- Anh hirdng cua mat dd trong rimg ddn smh trudng ciia rimg frdng Gio ving.
- Anh hudng cua phuang thuc xu ly dat den sinh trudng eua rimg frong Gio vang.
- Anh hudng cua phuang thirc bdn phin den sinh trudng ciia rung frong Gio ving.
- Anh huong cua dp sau ngip nude d^n sinh truong ciia rimg frdng Gio ving.
2.3. Phuong phip nghidn ciiu 2.3.1. Phuongphap bd tii thi nghiem Nhiing thi nghiem dup'c thuc hien nhira xac dinh anh hudng ciia tudi ciy con dem frdng, phuong thiic xir Iy dat, phuang thiic bdn phin vi dp siu ngap nude den ty le sdng, sinh trudng cua rimg Gio vang sau 2 - 4 nam frong. Cic thi nghidm vd frdng rimg duoc thiet kd theo 2 nguyen tic chung nhu sau:
- Mdi thi nghidm dupc tiiiet ke bd tri theo kieu thiet ke khdi ngiu nhien day du 1 ydu td vdi 3 lan lap lai, frong dd mdi nghiem thiie nim frong 1 Id thi nghiem, mdi thi nghiem 49 cay cd dien tich 600 m^.
Rimg sau khi frong dupc cham sdc nhu nhau cho tat c i cic Id Gim cd, xdi dat frong 2 nim dau).
O tat ea eic nghiem tinic thi nghiem, ciy eon dem frdng dupc uam frong bau vdi kich thudc 14 x 22 cm. Thinh phan rupt bau la 74% dat + 15% phin chudng hoai + 1% super lin + 10% xa dira. Tieu chuan ciy con luc dem frdng cd H > 80 cm, D,, > 1,0 cm.
Thi nghiem 1. Xic dinh inh hudng ciia tuoi (A, thing) cay con dem frdng den sinh tnrdng cua rimg trong Gio ving. Thi nghiem niy bao gom 3 nghiem thirc: Al = 3 tiiang, A2 = 6 tiling vi A3 = 9 tiling Uidi, duoc thuc hidn tai nhUng vimg dat ngip nude d ven bd hd thuy dien Tri An.
Thi nghiem 2. Xic dinh anh hudng cua mat dp den sinh trudng eua rimg Gio ving. Thi nghiem nay bao gom 3 nghiem tinic: (1) N = 1.667 ciy/ha ( 3 x 2 m); (2) N = 1.111 ciy/ha ( 3 x 3 m); (3) N = 830 cay/ha (3 x 4 m). Thi nghiem niy dupc thuc hien tai khu vuc dat ngip nude cue bd vio mua mua d ven bd sudi.
Thi nghiem 3. Xic dinh inh hudng ciia phuong thiic xCr ly dat ddn smh trudng cua rimg frdng Gio
ving. Thi nghidm bao gdm 3 phuong thuc xii Iy dat (1) = Ddi chiing (khdng xu Iy dat); (2) Ciy toin di§n vi len lip vdi chidu cao 30 era va rdng 200 cm (goi tit l i ciy + lip); (3) Cay toan dien v i khdng len lip (gpi tit la ciy); dupc thuc hien tai khu vuc dat ngip nude cue bp vao miia mua b ven bd sudi.
Thinghiem 4. Xic dmh inh hudng cua loai phan bdn den sinh trudng cua rimg frdng Gio vang. Thi nghiem niy bao gom 4 nghiem thiic: (1) Ddi chiing (khdng bdn phin); (2) Bdn lot 200 g super lin/gdc;
(3) Bdn Idt 200 g NPK/gdc (16 -16 - 8); (4) Bdn lot 200 g vi sinh/gdc. Dia didm thi nghidm dupc thuc hien tai khu vue dat ngip nude cue bp vio miia mua d ven bd sudi.
Thi nghiim 5. Xic dinh anh hudng ciia dp ngip nude den smh trudng eua rimg frong Gao ving. Do ngip nude (Z, cm) hang nam dupc do vio thing 9 va phin chia thinh 4 cap: (1) TTiap (Z < 50 cm); (2) Trung binh (Z = 50 -100 cm); (3) Siu (Z = 100 -150 cm); (4) Rat siu (Z = 150 - 200 cm). Thdi gian dat bi ngip nude CT, thing) tuong iing vdi 4 cap ngip nude l i T l = 2 - 3; T2 = 3 - 4; T3 = 4 - 5 vi T4 > 5 - 6 tiling.
Dia diem thi nghidm dupc thuc hidn tai viing dat ngip nude d ven bd ho thuy dien Tri An.
2.3.2. Phuongphap thu thap sdhiu Ket qua cua cic thi nghiem duoc dinh gii theo 4 chi tieu sau diy: ty le sdng (TL%), dudng kinh than ngang nguc (Di 3, em), chieu cao toan thin (H, m) va dudng kinh tan (Dt, ra) eua rimg frong Gao ving tii 2 - 4 tudi. Mdi nghiem tinic dupc do lap lai bdi 3 d tieu chuan; mdi d tieu chuan 400 ra^ (20 x 20 ra).
2.3.3. Phuong phap xu ly sd hiu
Cic sd lieu tinh toan ty le sdng, sinh trudng duoc xu ly bing phan mem Excel, SPSS. So sinh su khic nhau giua cac cdng thirc thi nghiem dimg Anova 1 nhin td.
3. KET QUA NGHBV CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Anh huong cua tuoi cay con dem tr6ng d^n sinh trudng ciia rimg ti-dng Gio vang
Anh hudng cua tudi ciy eon dem frdng (A, tiling) den ty le sdng CrL,%) vi smh frudng D (cm), H (m) cua rimg frdng Gio vang 2 nira tudi dupc the hien d bang 1.
Phin tich rimg frdng Gao vang d tudi 2, ehi tieu ty le sdng theo ba tudi cay con dem frdng khae nhau
156 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NOHE
khang ro ret (P = 0,059); trung binh 79,0%, dao dong tir 76,0 d & 82,0%.
Duong kinh (D, cm) tmng binh cua 3 nghiem thuc dao dong tir 3,3 cm tin 5,2 cm. He sd bien dong ve duong kinh kha cao, tir 24,6% Sin 26,6%. Nhiing
phan tich thdng ke cho thay D (cm) 6 rimg trdng tu cay con 3 - 9 diang khac nhau rat ro ret (P = 0,000);
cao nhat a cay con 6 thang (5,2 cm) va thap nhat d- cay con 3 thang (3,3 cm).
TT 1 2 3
Bang 1. Sinh trudng dia rime trdne Gio vine tudi 2 ttr cftv con cd tudi khic nhau A (thang)
3 6 9
N (cay) 78 79 77 Muc y nghia thdng kg (P)
Ty le sdng (%) 78+3,0"
79±1,7"
77±1,8' 0,059
D , , (cm) 3,3±0.8' 5,2±1,4"
4,2+1,1' 0,000
Hvn (m) 2,5±0,8'' 3,9+0.8' 3,0±1,0"' 0,027
Dt(m) 2,3±1,3'' 3,5+1,2"
2,7+1,1' 0,039 Ghi ehii; Nhdng nghiim thdc co cung ky tu thi khac biit la khdng rd rit & muc y nghia cay con dem tidng. N: sdcay.
Chieu cao (H, m) frung binh eua 3 nghidm tinic dao ddng tir 2,5 m den 3,9 m. Hd sd bidn ddng thip nhat d ciy con 6 thing (19,6%), cao nhit d ciy con 9 thing (32,5%). Nhimg phin tich thdng ke cho thay H (m) d rung frdng tir ciy con 3 - 9 thing khic nhau rd rdt (P = 0,027); trong dd cao nhat d ciy con 6 thing (3,9 ra) va thap nhat 6' ciy con 3 thing (2,5 m).
il 0,05 A-Tudi
Dudng kinh tan (Dt, m) trung binh dao ddng tir 2,3 m d rimg frdng tu ciy eon 3 thing ddn 3,5 m d rimg frdng tii ciy con 6 thing. Hd sd bien ddng nhan gii tri thap nhat 6 rimg frdng tir ciy con 6 thing (CV
= 34,8%), cao nhat d rimg frong hi ciy con 3 thing (CV - 57,0%). Nhimg phin tich tiidng ke cho thay Dt khac nhau rd re (F = 5,8; P = 0,039); frong dd cao nhat d rimg frong tir ciy con 6 thing (3,5 m), thap nhat d rimg frdng tir ciy con 3 thing (2,3 m).
B i n g 2. Sinh truong cua rimg frdng Gao vang tudi 4 tir ciy con cd tudi khic nhau TT
1 2 3
A (thang) 3 6 9
N (cay) 78 79 77 Muc y nghia thdng ke (P)
D,3 (cm) 8,2+2,3' 10,5+3,7' 9,5+3,1"
0,011
Hvn (m) 4,8+1,7' 6,6+2,3' 4,9+1,8' 0,03
Dt(m) 3,7±1,7' 4,0+1,4' 3,6±1,3' 0,615 Ghi chu: Nhung nghiim thuc cd cung ky tu thi khac biit khdng rd ret omuey nghia a con dem trdng. N: sdcay.
So sinh giira 3 nghidm thue (3, 6 va 9 thing tudi ciy trdng), dudng kinh (D, em) trung binh dao ddng tii 8,2 cm den 10,5 cm; chieu cao (H, m) trung binh dao ddng tir 4,8 m ddn 6,6 m v i dudng kinh t i n (Dt, m) trung binh dao ddng tii 3,6 m ddn 4,0 m. He sd bien ddng cua tat ca 3 chi tieu sinh tnrdng ddu cao (fren 30%), eao hon d chi tieu Dt (tdi 45,4%);
chiing td ciy con sau trong d^n tuoi 2 b i t dau cd su thich nghi vdi dieu kidn noi trong nhung vdi muc dp khic nhau.
: 0,05. A-Tudi cay
Nhung phan tich thdng ke d rimg frong hi ciy con 3 - 9 tiiang tudi eho thiy: sinh truong D (era) khae nhau rd ret (P = 0,011); H (m) khic biet cung rd ret (P = 0,030); Dt (m) khic nhau li khdng rd ret (P = 0,615).
Lupng ting trudng binh quin 4 nam ve dudng kinh (AD, cm) cua rimg Gio vang duoe frdng tu ciy con 6 thing (2,6 cm/nim) ldn hon so vdi 9 thing (2,4 cm/nam) va 3 thing (2,1 cm/nara). Luang ting truang binh quan 4 nara vd chidu cao (AH, m) eua rimg Gio ving dupe frdng tir cay con 6 thing (1,7 m/nam) cung ldn hon so vdi cay con 9 thing (1,2 ra/nam) va 3 thing (1,2 m/nam). Dieu dd chiing to rimg Gao ving dupc frong tir cay con 6 thing sinh trudng nhanh hon.
Tudi ciy con dem trong anh hudng rd ret den ty le song, sinh trudng cua rimg frdng Gio ving. Rimg Gio ving dupc trdng tir nhung ciy con 6 thing tudi dim b i o ty le sdng cao, sinh trudng nhanh, chat lupng tdt v i on dinh hon so vdi rimg Gio vang dupc frdng tii nhiing cay con 3 va 9 thing tudi.
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHl
3.2. Anh hudng cua m4t dd dfa sinh tnrong dia rung trdng Gao v^ng
Sinh trudng va chat lucmg cua rimg trdng Gao vang CT tudi 2 thay ddi theo mat dp h-dng ban dau
(Bang 3). Ty Id sdng cua rimg Gao vang sau khi trong 2 nam tren ba m^t dd khac nhau khdng ro rdt (P - 0,77), dao ddng hi 86% or mat do 833 cay/ha den 89% 6 mat dd 1.111 cay/ha.
TT 1 2 3 M
Bang 3. Sinh trudng dia rung trdng Gao ving 2 tudi d ba mjt dO k h i c nhau Matdd
833 1.111 1.667
N (cay) 86 119 174 lie y nghia thdng kd (P)
Tyle sdng (%) 86+4,6"
89±3,1"
87±8,1"
0,77
D , , (cm) 6,7+3,0' 8,4+2,2"
6.1+1,9' 0,001
Hvn (m) 3,2+1.1' 4,7+0,9"
4,0+0,9°
0,002
Dt(m) 3,0+1,1' 3,5+0,5' 2,8+0,7' 0,000 Ba dai luang D, H vi D, khic nhau rd ret (P <
0,01), frong dd dat gia tri cao nhat d mit dp 1.111 cay/ha (tuong img D = 8,4 cm, H = 4,7 ra vi D, - 3,5
m), thap nhat d mat dp 1.667 cay/ha (tuong iing D = 6,1 cm, H = 4,0 m v i D, = 2,8 ra).
TT 1 2 3
Bang 4. Sinh trudng cua rimg trdng Gio ving tudi 4 d ba m i t dO khic nhau Xuly dat
Matdd 833 1.111
N (cay) 86 119 174 Miic y nghia thdng ke (P)
D n ( c m ) 10,3±4,6°
12,1+3,2"
9,4±2,9°
0,003
Hvn (m) 7,0+2,4°
8,0+1,5' 6,2+1,5' 0,000
Dt(m) 4,0+1,4°
4,7±0,7"
3,4±0,9°
0,000 Ba dai lupng D, H v i D^ khic nhau rat rd ret (P
< 0,01); frong dd dat gii tri eao nhit d rait dd 1.111 c i y / h a (tirong iing D = 12,1 cm; H = 8,0 m vi Dt = 4,7 m), thap nhat d mat dp 1.667 ciy/ha (tuong iing D = 9,4 cm; H = 6,2 m va D^ = 3,4 m).
Lupng tang trudng binh quin 4 nam ve dudng kinh (AD, cm) cua rimg Gio vang dupc frdng tir mat do 1.111 ciy/ha (3,0 cm/nim) ldn hon so vdi mat dp 833 cay/ha (2,6 cm/nam) va mat dp 1.667 ciy/ha (2,4 cra/nim). Lupng tang trudng binh quan 4 nam ve chieu cao (AH, m) eiia rimg Gio ving duoc frdng tu mat dp 1.111 ciy/ha (2,0 m/nam) cung ldn hon so Bang 5. Sinh truong aja rimg trdng Gao
vdi mat do 1.667 ciy/ha (1,6 m/nira) va rait dd 833 ciy/ha (1,8 m/nam). Didu do chiing td mat dO frdng rimg ban dau anh hudng rd ret den sinh trudng cua rimg Gio ving.
Su thay ddi mat dp frong anh hudng rd ret d^n ty le sdng, sinh trudng, chat lupng va tinh dn dinb ciia rimg frdng Gio ving sau 4 nam dau. Rimg Gao ving dupe frong vdi mat dp 1.111 ciy/ha dam bio ty le sdng cao, sinh trudng nhanh, chat lupng tot v i on dinh vdi radi tnrdng.
3.3. Anh hudng cua c i c phuong thik xii 1^ dit d^n sinh tnrdng cua rimg frdng Gio vang ving tuoi 2 theo ba phuong thiic xJr ly d^t TT
1 2 3
Xuly dat Khdng xu ly
Cay + lip Cay
N (cay) 82 85 88 Miic y nghia thdng ke (P)
Ty le sdng (%) 82±1,7' 85±1,7' 88+1,7' 0,015
D,j (cm) 5,5+1,6°
8,0±2,0' 7,2+1,8°
0,000
Hvn (m) 3.2+0,7°
4.5+0,8"
4,2+0,7' 0,000
Dt(m) 3,2+0,9°
4,0+1.0"
3,5+0,7"
0,027 Ghi chu: Nhimg nghiim thuc cd cimg ky tir thi khac biet khong rd ret a muc y nghia a<0,05.
Ty le sdng eua rimg Gio vang sau khi frong 2 nam tiieo ba phuong thiic xir ly dat khie nhau rd ret (F = 9,0, P = 0,015); frong dd eao nhat d phuong thiic cay dat (88,0%), fliap nhat d phuong tinic khdng xii ly dat (82,0%). He sd bien ddng cua dudng kinh thin fliap nhat d PT2 (24,4%) vi cao nhat 6 PTl (28,5%).
He sd bien ddng cua chieu cao thap nhat d PT3 (17,8%) va cao nhat d PTl (22,4%).
Nhimg phin tich thdng kd d rimg frong giira 3 phuong thiie lam dit cho thay chi tieu D (cm) khic nhau rat ro ret (P = 0,000), cao nhat d PT2 (8,0 cm) vi thap nhat o PTl (5,5 cm); chi tieu H (m) khic nhau cung rat rd ret (P < 0,005), cao nhat a PT2 (4,5 m) va thap nhat d PTl (3,2 m); D, d ba phirong thuc xii ly dat khic nhau kha rd ret (F = 7,0, P = 0,027);
frong dd cao nhit d phuang tinic ciy va len lip (4,0
158 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHl
m), thip nhat df phuong tinic khdng xu ly dat (3,2 m) ca ba chi tidu D, H vi Dt d^u cao nhat a phuong tinic ciy + lip vi thap nhat d ddi chiing.
Hd sd bien ddng ve sinh trudng cua cic ehi tieu duong kinh thin (D cm), chi^u cao cay (H m) va dudng kinh tan (Dt m) ddu kha eao (frdn 20%), frong dd cao hon la d chi tieu D (tdi 31,7%) vi ddng deu hon d ehi tidu H (tii 20,3 den 22,1%).
Nhiing phan tich thdng ke d ning frdng giira 3 phuong tinic lam dat cho tiiay chi tieu D (era), H (m) vi Dt cd khac biet tii ro ret den rat rd ret (tuong iing vdi P = 0,005; P - 0,016 vi P = 0,003). Trong dd, frung binh eao nhat ddu thude ve nghiem thiie 2 (ciy + lip) vi trung binh thap nhat dkn b nghiem tinic khdng xu ly dat. Nhu viy, miic dd xu ly dat vdi nhieu cdng doan thi cho ket qua vd sinh trudng cua ciy frdng Gao ving cing cao.
Bing TT
1 2 3
5. Sinh trudng ciiE XtilydSt Khdng xii ly
Cay + Up Cay
rimgtrdnj N (ciy)
82 85 88 Miic y nghia thdng kd (P)
y Gio ving tudi 4 theo ba phuong D , , (cm)
8,7+2,5°
12,0+3,5"
11,0+3,5' 0,005
Hvn (m) 6,1±I.2°
7,4+1,6"
6,9±1,4' 0,016
thiic xii 1^ dit Dt(m) 3,6±l,r 4,9±1,0' 4,5+0,9' 0,003 Ghi chu; Nhung nghiem thuc co eung ky tu thi khac biit khdng rd ret a mdc y nghia a<0,05.
Lupng tang tiudng binh quan 4 nam ve dudng kinh (AD, cm) eua rimg Gio vang frdn dat duoe ciy vi ldn lip (3,0 cm/nam) ldn hon so vdi xu ly bing ciy (2,8 cm/nira) va khdng xu ly dat (2,2 cm/nara).
Lupng ting trudng binh quan 4 nim ve chieu cao (AH, m) cua rimg Gio ving trdn dat dupc cay va len lip (1,9 m/nim) ldn hon so vdi xu ly bing ciy (1,7 m/nim) va khdng xir ly dat (1,5 cm/nim). Dieu dd chiing td xii ly dat bing ciy vi len hp cii thien rd rdt sinh trudng cua rimg Gio vang.
Bang 7. Sinh trudng cua ning frong Gao ving tudi 2 theo cic nghidm tinic bdn phin Xu ly dat ngap nude trudc khi frdng rimg cai thien rd rdt ty Id sdng, sinh truong, chat luong vi tinh dn dinh cua rimg frong Gio ving. Xir ly dat bing cay siu 30 cm vi len hp vdi chieu cao 30 em vi chieu rdng 200 cm dam bio cho rimg frong Gio vang cd ty le sdng eao, sinh trudng nhanh, chat lupng tdt va dn dinh vdi mdi tnrdng.
3.4. Anh huong cua phin bdn d^n sinh truong ciia rimg trong Gio ving
TT 1 2 3 4
Bdn phan Ddi chiing Vi sinh Superlan
NPK
N (cay) 81 88 88 94 Miic y nghia thdng ke (P)
Ty le sdng (%) 82+3,0' 89+3,5°
89+3,5' 95+3,5"
0,010
D, 3 (cm) 7,2+1,9' 8,1+2,1°
8.3+1,3' 9,3+1.5"
0,.002
Hvn (m) 4,4+0,7' 4,6+0,8' 5,2+0,5"
5,7±0,6"
0,000 Dt(m) 3,2+1,2' 4,3±1,1' 3,9±0.8' 4,3+1,0"
0,000 Chi chu: Nhirng nghiem thdc cd cung ky tir thi khac biet khdng rd ret dmucy nghia a < 0,05.
binh dao ddng tii 3,2 m d ddi chiing den 4,3 m d nghiem thiic bdn phan NPK, he sd bien ddng nhan gii tri thip nhit khi bdn phan super lan (CV = 21,4%), cao nhit d ddi chiing (CV = 37,6%).
Nhimg phan tich thdng ke d rimg trdng khi bdn cac loai phan cho thay: chi tieu D (cm), H (m) vi Dt (m) khac nhau ddu rit ro ret (P = 0,002,P = 0,000 va P
= 0,000), cao nhit d nghiem thirc cay trdng cd bdn phan NPK (9,3 cm va 5,7 m) va thip nhat d Ididng bon phan (3,5 cm va 4,4 m). Nhu viy, tinh thich nghi cua cay h"dng Gao vang vdi phan NPK da dap ung cho ca D, H va Dt cua cay.
Phan tich rimg trdng Gao vang mdi 2, ty Id sdng theo cac nghiem thiic bdn phin khac nhau ro ret (P - 0,010); trung binh dat 88,7%; thap nhat la 79,0% va cao nhat la 97,0%.
Dudng kinh (D, cm) trung binh cua 4 nghiem thiic dao ddng ttr 7,2 cm den 9,3 cm, he sd bien dong thap nhat khi bdn super lan (15,7%) va cao nhat khi khdng bdn (27,1%). Chidu cao (H, m) hTing binh cua 4 nghiem thiic dao ddng hi 4,4 m den 5,7 m, hd sd bien ddng thip nhat khi bon super lan (9,3%) va cao nhat khi bdn vi sinh (18,1%). Dudng kinh tan trung
KHOA HOC C 6 N 6 N O H I
Bang 8. Sinh trudng ciia rimg trdng Gio ving tudi 4 theo c i c cdng thiic bdn phin TT
1 2 3 4
Nghiem thiic bdn phan Ddi chiing
Vi sinh Super lan
NPK
N (cay) 81 88 88 94 Miic y nghia thdng ke (P)
D,3(cm) 9,3±1,6' 10,7+1,8' 10,9+1,8' 12,1 ±2,0' 0,001
Hvn (m) 6,8±0,7' 7,1+0,8' 7,7+0,8' 8,1+0,9"
0,001
Dt(m) 3.3+0,7' 4,5+1,0"
4.3+1.0"
4,7+1.1"
0,001 Ghichw.Nhungnghiimthuccdcimgky tu thi khac biit khdng rd ret amm: y nghia a <0,05.
Hd sd bien ddng cua dudng kinh thin thap nhat d nghiem thiic bdn phin NPK (16,6%) v i cao nhat d nghiem thirc khdng bdn (17,2%). He sd bien ddng dudng kinh tin ddu xap xi nhau vi dao ddng frong khoing 22,5 - 22,9%. Cd the nhin thay, d nghiem tiiitc bdn phin NPK khdng chi cho trung binh eiia cic ehi tieu sinh trudng dat cao nhat m i hd sd bien ddng cung thudng thap nhat.
Nhirng phin tich thdng ke d rimg frong vdi cic loai phin bdn cho thay sinh trudng cua D (cm) khic nhau l i rat rd ret (P = 0,001), dat cao nhat khi bon NPK (12,1 cm); cbi tidu H (m) khic nhau rat rd rdt (P = 0,001); frong dd cao nhat rimg bdn phin NPK (8,1 m); chi tieu Dt (ra) khic nhau eung rat rd ret (P
= 0,001); frong do cao nhat d rimg bdn phan NPK (4,7 m). Cung nhu d tuoi 2, den tuoi 4 thi phin NPK vin con tic dung den sinh trudng cua Gio ving.
Lupng tang trudng binh quin 4 nam ve dudng kinh (AD, cm) cua rimg Gio ving d nghiem thuc bdn phan NPK (3,0 cm/nim) ldn ban so vdi nghiem thiic
ddi chiing 2,3 em. Luong ting frudng binh quin 4 nam ve chieu cao (AH, m) cua rimg Gio ving b nghiem thue bdn phan NPK (2.0 m/nam) ciing ldn hon so vdi nghiem thiic bdn phan super lin va phin vi smh (1,8 m/nam); ddi chung 1,7 m.
Rimg frdng Gao vang dupc bdn 3 loai phin (vi sinh, super lin, NPK) frong 2 nim dau cii thien rd ret ty le sdng, smh trudng v i tinh 6n djnh vdi mdi trudng. Nudi dirdng rimg Gio vang bing cich bdn phan tong hop NPK mang lai hieu qua cao nhat. Sd di ba loai phin nay ddu mang lai hidu qua cao l i vi chung l i nhirng vit chat can tiiiet cho qua trinh sinh trudng eua cay gd. Ndi chung, bdn phin ning cao sinh trudng vi tinh on dinh eua rimg Gio vang. D^
dat duoe hieu qua cao, ba loai phin niy dupe bdn Idt mdt phan vao nam thir nhit. Phan cdn lai dtroc sir dung de bdn thuc vio dau mua mua ciia nim thir 2.
Hieu qua cao nhat l i bdn 200 g NPK/gdc.
3.5. Anh huong ciia miic dO ngl^ nu6c d^n sinh trudng cua ning Gio ving
bdn phan super lan vi phin vi sinh (2,7 cra/nara);
Bang 9. Sinh truong cua rimg frdng Gio vang tudi 2 theo bdn c i p ngip nirdc TT
1 2 3 4
Cip ngap nude Thap Trung binh
Sau Ratsau
N (cay) 94 93 90 85 Muc y nghia thdng kd (P)
Tyle sdng (%) 95±1.7"
94±3.0"
91+3,0°
85+0' 0,003
D , , (cm) 5,9±1,5"
3,3±l,2°
2,5+0,8' 2,3±0,7' 0,000
Hvn (m) 3,2+0,7"
2,1 ±0,6°
1,7±0,4' 1.4±0,3'' 0,000
Dt(m) 2,1+0,4"
1,4±0,4' 1,2±0,2' 1,2±0,2' 0,000 Ghi chu: Nhimg nghiem thirc cd ctmg ky tir thi khac biet khong ro ret dmucy nghia a < 0,05.
Phan tich rimg trdng Gao vang tuoi 2, ty le sdng theo 4 cip ngap nude khac nhau la rit rd ret (P - 0,003); trung binh dat 93,0% v i dao ddng tir 85,0 - 95,0%. Gida 2 chi heu (D vi H), hd sd bien ddng giiia cac cay trdng ddu kha cao, cao hon d chi tidu D (cm), dao ddng tir 25,4% den 37,5%; con chi heu H (m) dao ddng tir 19,1% den 29,2%. Dudng kinh tin trung binh dao ddng tii 1,2 m d cap ngap nuoc rat sau den 2,1 m d cip ngip nude thip. He sd bien ddng cua dudng
kinh tan nhan gia tri thip nhat d cip ngip nude siu (CV = 15,1%), cao nhit d cip ngip nude trung binh (CV.29,6%).
Nhtmg phan tich thdng ke cho thay d rimg trdng vdi cac cap ngap nude khic nhau thi sinh trudng ciia D (cm) v i H (m) khac bidt ddu rit ro ret (P - 0,000);
h-ong dd D cao nhat d do ngap thap (5,9 cm) va thip nhit d do ngap rat sau (2,3 cm), H cao nhit d do ngap thip (3,2 m) va thap nhat d dp ngip rit siu (1,4
160 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC C O N G N G H £
dd, rauc dp ngap nude cing thap thi sinh tnrdng cua D (era) vi H (m) cing eao.
m). Cap ngip nude i n h hudng rat rd ret den D^ (F = 52,3, P < 0,01), frong dd giam dan tii cap ngip nude thap (2,1 m) den cap ngip nuoc rat s i u (1,2 m). Theo
Bing 10. Smh truong cua ning tr6ng Gio ving tudi 4 theo bdn c ^ nggp nu6c Cap ngip nude | N (cay) ] D,^ (cm) | Hvn (m) I Dt (m) TT
1 Thap 2 Trung binh
Sau Rat siu
90 85 Miicy nghia thdng ke (P)
10,2+2,6"
4,4+1,4'
4,9+1,5'"
1,9+0,3'
Ghi chu: Nhung nghiem tinic cd ciing ky tii thi khac biit khdng rd ret dmucy nghia a < 0,05 Tuong tu nhu sau 2 nam tuoi, dudng kinh (D,
cm) friing binh cua 4 nghiem thuc dao ddng tir 4,4 em d^n 10,2 cm; chieu cao (H, m) trung binh dao ddng tii 3,2 m ddn 6,4 m va dudng kinh tin (Dt, ra) trung binh dao ddng tii 1,8 m ddn 2,7 m.
Hd so bi^n ddng cua dudng kinh than thap nhat d cap ngip thap (25,3%), cao nhat d cap ngip trung binh (37,3%). He sd bidn ddng cua chidu cao thap nhit li 19,3% (ngip rat siu) ddn 29,6% (ngip trung binh). Hd sd bien ddng cua dudng kinh tin thap nhat la 15,0% (ngip siu) va cao nhat la 29,3% (ngip trung binh).
Nhirng phan tich thdng ke eho thay, d rimg frong khie nhau ve muc dp ngip thi cung khic nhau ve sinh tnrdng. Cu the khic biet ve D, H vi Dt giua cic miic dp deu rat rd ret (P = 0,000); D eao nhat d cay frdng cd cap ngip thap (10,2 cm) v i thap nhat d cap ngip rat siu (4,4 cm); H cao nhat d cap ngip thap (6,4 m) v i thap nhat d cap ngip rat siu (3,2 m);
Dt cao nhat cap ngip thip (2,7 m) vi thap nhat d cap ngip rat siu (1,8 m). Ca 3 chi tieu d^u nhat quin ve kha ning smh trudng ty le nghich vdi muc dp ngip nude.
Lupng tang trudng binh quin 4 nam ve dudng kinh (AD, cm) cua rimg Gio ving giam dan hi cap ngip nude tiiip (2,6 cm/nim) d^n cap ngip nude sau (1,2 em/nim) v i cap ngip nude rat siu (1,1 cm/nim). Tuong hr, lupng tang tiirdng binh quan 4 nam vd chi^u eao (AH, m) cung giam din tir cap ngip nude thap (1,6 m / n i m ) den cap ngip nude siu (1,0 m/nim) vi cap ngap nude rat siu (0,8 ra/nim).
Kdt qua nghien ciiu cho thay, sinh tiirdng eua rimg frdng Gio ving giam dan theo dp siu ngip nude. IVIic du Gio vang cd the chiu dupe dat bi ngip nude, nhung muc dp ngap cang sau hay thdi gian
ngip cing dii thi sinh trudng cing kem v i kem hon so vdi rimg frdng fren dat ven sudi. Ndi chung, dat ngip nude dudi 200 cm cd the dupc sii dung de frdng rimg Gao ving. Tuy viy, rimg Gio ving chi sinh trudng vi phat trien dn dinh frdn dat ngip siu dudi 50 cm v i thdi gian ngip nude dudi 2 thing.
4 . KET LUAN
Tuoi ciy con thich hpp frdng rimg Gio ving l i 6 thing tudi, mat dp 1.111 ciy/ha cd the ket hpp xu ly dat frdng rimg bing cich ciy + len lip trudc khi frdng.
Sir dung phin NPK (16 -16 - 8) frong 2 nam diu vdi h i m lupng 200 g/gdc; frong dd bdn lot 100 g/goc vao nim dau, cdn lai bdn tinic 100 g/gdc vao diu miia mua nim thu 2 cho kdt qua tot nhat.
Gio ving cd kha nang thich nghi trdn ca nhimg vimg dat ngip nude sau ddn 200 cm vi nhirng noi ngip ung theo mua, smh trudng tdt d nhimg nai ed dp ngap nude thap vi sinh trudng kem dan d nhirng noi cd dp ngip nude siu han. Ty le sdng frong cac cdng tiiifc deu dat tir 85% frd len sau 4 nam trdng.
TAI UEU H U M KHAO
1. Nguydn Van Chien, 2014. Bio cio tdng ket de tii CO sd "Bude dau nghiin cuu chon gidng mdt sd loai Gao moc nhanh phuc vu trdng rimg kinh td'.
Vien Khoa hpc Lim nghidp Viet Nam, 90 frang.
2. Faisal Danu Tuheteru, Cecep Kusmana, Irdika Mansur, Dan Iskandar, 2014. Fruit and morpho - physiology seed Characteristics of Lonkida {Nauclea orientalis L.) from natural habitats in South East Sulawesi. Article, November, 152 -170.
3. Miftahul Mawaddah, Irdika Mansur, Dan Lana Saria, 2012. Growth of Cajuput {Melaleuca leucadendron Linn.) and Longkida {Nauclea
KHOA HOC CONG NGHt
orientahs Linn.) in Flooded Condition of Acid Mine khoa hoc lam nghidp, Trudng Dai hoc Lim nghiep.
Water. Joumal Sllvlkultiir Troptka, Vol. 03, No. 02 75 trang.
Agustus 2012, Hal. 71-75. g phan, Hoing Hd, 1999. Cay cd Met Nam. Nxb 4. Vo Nguon Thao, Trin Thanh Cao, Luong VSn Tre, thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, 1200 frang.
Minh, 2016. Nghiin cuu chon gidng va ky thuat 7 -p^^ Van Trimg, 1999. NhOng he sinh thai trdng Gao tang (Neolamarckia cadamba), Gao vang ^ g „^gt j ^ ^ yiet Nam. Nxb Khoa hoc vi Kj (Nauclea orientahs) ti-en vdng dit phen d Nam bo. t[,uat. H i Ndi, 566 trang.
Bao cao tdng ket de tai cap Bd, Vien Khoa hoc Lim , , , „ . „ „ „ , , „ v . . . nghiepVietNam,83frang. ' ' ^- U^ND hnh Ddng Nai, 2014. Quydt dinh sd
3303/QD - UBND ngiy 21/10/2014 cua UBND tinh 5. Nguyen Van Thuy, 2012. Nghien cuu phan jj^^g Nai vd viec phe duyet phuong in ki^m ke rimg chia diiu kien lap dia dat ban ngap tai vung ven hd ^inh Ddng Nai nim 2015 - 2016.
thuy diin Tri An, tmh Ddng Nai. Luin vin tiiac si
INFLUENCE OF SOME FACTORS ON THE GROWTH OF Nauclea orientalis L PLANTATION 4 YEARS AFTER ESTABUSHMENT
Nguyen Xuan Hung^, Bui ^^et Hai^
'Vietnam Nation University of Forestry Southern Campus
^Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city Summary
The topic "Influence of some factors on tbe growth of Nauclea orientalis plantation 4 years alter establishment" via^ implemented in Dong Nai Culture and Nature Reserve and Xuan Loc Protection Forest Management Board. The research used the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three rephcations, the data of field expenment were collected in 4 years. The result has shown that the most suitable age of Nauclea onentalis seedlings for planting was 6 - month*old. The initial planting density was 1,111 trees.ha' adding NPK synthetic fertihzer (16-16-8) for basal fertilizing and top dressing dunng first 2 years to give a noticeable response in growth; Nauclea onentalis trees can adapt and grow well in wetlands where were below 200 cm under water mcludmg: the edge of a lake or river, low-lying areas that seasonal flood, it had good increments when planting in the site below 50 cm under water and its growth decreased in areas with higher 200 cm flood.
Keywords: Nauclea onentabs tiee, semi - submerged soils, influencing factor.
Ngudi phin b i ^ : TS. Nguydn BiTrieu Ngiy nhan bii: 6/4/2020
Ngiy thong qua phin bi^n: 6/5/2020 Ngay duyet ding: 13/5/2020
162 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2020
