KHOA HQC CONG NGHE
AIXIH H U Q M G CLIA PHAIXI BOIXI OEIXI SIIXIH TRUOIXIG CLIA C A Y COIXI G A O VAIXIG {IMauctea arientatis L.)
TROIXIG G I A I OOAIXI VUblXI UOIVI
Nguyen Xudn Hung\ Bui Vi$t Hdi^
T6MTAT
Nghien ciiu anh huong cua cac loai phan bon den sinh tniong cua cay con Gao vang {Nauclea orientahs L) trong giai doan vutm uom nham gop phan cung cap nhimg dan li§u khoa hoc, tien tm bo sung loai cay nay cho trong rimg. Nghidn cuu sir dung phuong phap bci tri thi nghiem mot nhan td de tham do phan iing cua cay con Gao vang voi 3 lo^i phan bon. Nhimg ket qua dat duQc la: (i) Trong giai doan gieo uom, Gao vang la loai cay can NPK 6 miic trung binh thap, lirong NPK thich hop cho chi sd SCI va sinh khdi trong 6 thang dau la 2% - 2,7%, tdi uu la 2,4%. (ii) Gao vang la loai cay can super lan b miic trung binh, lirgng super lan thich hop cho chi sd SCI va sinh khdi trong 6 thang dau la 2% - 5%, tdi iru la 3,5%. (iii) Cay Gao vang can nhieu phan hiru co de sinh trucmg va phat trien. Khi gieo uom Gao vang tien nen dat xam phii sa cd, hdn hgp nipt bau tdi im cho chi sd SCI va sinh khdi la ty le 17,6% phan chuong so voi khdi luong ruot bau,
Tiikhod: Loai phan bon, cay Gao vang, gai doan vudn uom.
1.M0BAU
Gao vang (Nauclea orientahs L.) la loai cay g6 lon thupc ho Cd phe (Rubiaeeae), la eay ira sang, sinh truang nhanh, ra hoa vao khoang thdng 5, qua chin vdo thdng 10 - 11. Gao vdng co the moc thdnh qudn thu thuan loai tren nhung ddt bi ngdp nuoe vd ling phen CThdi Vdn Trimg, 1998). Gdo vdng co kha ndng chiu ngdp nuoe voi do pH dao dong tir 2,8 - 6,6 (Miftahul Mawaddah et al., 2012); cung co the sinh tnrong va phat tnen tren moi truong dat va nuoe hi 6 nhiem thiiy ngan cao tren 70% (Hanna A E. et al., 2014). Cdy Gao vang co die duoe trong tren cde loai dat ngap nuoe (Faisal D. T. etal., 2016). Mac du, Gao vdng Id lodi cay gh co the dugc sii dung de trOng ning tren mot so dang lap dia b Viet Nam, nhung hien nay vdn chua co nhirng nghien cuu day du ve ky thudt gieo uom lodi cdy ndy. Xudt phat tir nhirng ly do trfin, nghien euu "Anh hudng cua cac loai phan bdn ddn sinh tiirdng cua Gao vang trong giai doan vudn uom " dupe dat ra la can thiet, nhdm gop phan cung cap nhiing ddn lieu khoa hpc, tien toi bo sung loai cdy nay cho tr6ng rimg tren mpt s6 dang lap dja dae thu, de bao ve moi tnrong vd cung cap gb lon.
2. VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIBU CUU 2.1. V | t lieu nghien ciiu
Phan hieu Trudng Dai hoc Lam nghiep. Dong Nai
" Truong Dai hgc Ndng Lam TP Ho Chi Minh
Tlii ban: Sir dung hii bau polyetylen eo kich cb 15 X 25 cm. M6i hau due 10 16 nho, 4 16 a vi tri 2/3 thdnh bau va 616 o' gan ddy bau.
Ddt rupt bau: Dat rupt bau duoc chpn Id dat xam phu sa CO, tai dia phan huySn Trang Bom, tinh Dong Nai dupe Idy a lop dat mat co dp sau khong qua 30 em, loai bo cdc tap chat.
Phdn bon: Phan bon duoe su dung gom co 3 loai:
phan supe lan co 16,5% P2O5; phdn tong hop NPK (16-16-8) va phdn huu ea (phdn bo hoai).
Ngoai ra, cac vdt lieu khac dtrpc str dung de lam ddn che vd mdng ngdn. Id vat lifiu nhua t6ng hgp.
Doi tirong nghien eiiu Id cdy eon Gao vdng 6 thang tuoi trong giai doan vuon uom.
Dia diem nghien eiiu dupe thuc hiSn tai vuon uam Phdn hieu Truong Dai hoc Ldm nghiep b thi trdn Trang Bom, huyen Trdng Bom, tinh D6ng Nai.
2.2. Phinmg phdp nghien ctiu 2.2.1. Casd phuang phap luan
Theo quy luat sinh tiidi gioi han ciia Shelford (1913), m6i giai doan sdng cua edy ehi thich ung v6i mpt hien dp tdc dong nhat dinh ciia nhdn t6 sinh thai.
Trong bien do sinh thdi aia m6i loai eo mgt khoang xae dinh ciia nhan td sinh thdi md tai do cho phep cdy sinh tiirong tdt nhat. Trong dieu ki^n vuon uom, mot trong sd nhung nhdn to smh thdi anh huong d^n sinh tiirong cua cdy con la thdnh phan phdn bon
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
ti-ong rupt bau. Vi vdy, nghien ciiu ndy xde dinh bien do thich hgp cua viec hdn phdn de cdy con sinh truong vd phdt tri^n tdt nhat. D^ xac dinh dirge nhdn to sinh thdi va hien dd tac dpng thieh hpp cua chiing d^n cay eon Gdo vdng, nghien ciiu sir dung phuong phap sinh thdi hgc thtre nghiem, su dung phuang phdp phdn tich ddi chi^u di ddn xac dinh nguong tde dpng thich hgp ciia nhan td sinh thdi ddi vol sinh tnrong cua cdy con Gdo vang b giai doan vuon uom.
2.2.2 Bd tii thi nghiim
+ Thi nghiim tiiu nhat: Anh hudng cua phan NPK
Tham do miic anh huong vd xde djnh ham lupng phdn tong hop NPK (16-16-8) thich hgp cho sinh tnrong ciia cay con Gao vdng. Thi nghifim gom 7 nghiem thiic tuang iing vai 7 miic NPK: (1) ddi chung (khdng bon phdn), (2) bon 1%, (3) bon 2%, (4) bon 3%, (5) bon 4%, (6) hon 5%, (7) hon 6% so voi khdi lirpng rudt bau.
•f Thi nghiim thu hai: Anh hudng cua phan super lan
Tham do miic dnh huong va xac dinh ham luang super phdt phdt chiia 16,5% P2O5. Thi nghiem gdm 7 nghidm thtic, mdi nghiem thiic tuong ung vai mdt miic supe phdt phat: (1) ddi chiing (khong bon), (2) bdn 1%, (3) bon 2%, (4) bdn 3%, (5) bon 4%, (6) bon 5%, (7) bdn 6% super phdt phdt so voi khdi lugng rupt bau.
-h Thi nghiem thu ba: Anh budng cua phan hdu ca
Xac dinh ham lugng phan hiiu eo (phdn hd hoai) thich hgp eho gieo uom Gao vdng. Thi nghiem duoe thuc hidn ti-en 7 miic phan hun eo (7 nghidm thiic):
(1) ddi chiing (khdng hon phdn huu co, (2) bon 5%, (3) bdn 10%, (4) bdn 15%, (5) bdn 20%, (6) bon 25%, (7) bdn 30% so voi khdi lirong bau.
-h Sadd bd tri thi nghiim:
Tat ca cde thi nghiem (1-3) deu dupe bd tri theo kieu khdi day du hodn toan ngau nhien (RCBD) 1 nhdn td vol 3 lan lap lai, trong do mdi loai phan bdn la mdt nhan to va mdi miie bdn phdn Id mpt nghiem thirc vd la 1 6 ti-ong khdi thi nghiem (Pham Chi Thanh, 2002). Sa do bd tii thi nghiem dupe the hien 6" hinh 1.
Cay gidng sau thdi gian gieo uom khodng 50- 60 ngay tudi, dat chieu cao 5 cm dem cay vdo bdu, mdi d
thi nghiem chiia 49 cay con. Cac hien phap chdm sdc cdy con dupe thuc hien nhu nhau tren tat ca ede nghiem thu'c cua thi nghiem.
Khdil Khdi 2 Khoi 3
1 5 2
4 2 7
7 4 3
5 7 1
2 3 4
6 1 5
3 6 6 Hinh 1. So dd h^ tri Ihi nghiem 1 nhdn td vdi 7
nghiem thiic vd 3 ldn ldp i?d 2.2.3. Phuongphap thu thap duliiu Mdi Id thi nghidm cua mdt nghiem thiic dirae tien hdnh do dem 30 cdy. Thdi gian do ddm thuc hien theo djnh ky 6 thdng tudi. Chi tieu va cdch thiie do ddm nhu sau:
+ Dudng kinh cd rd (Do, mm) dupe do bdng thude palme vol do chinh xde 0,1 mm, do theo 2 chidu vudng goc sau do lay gia tri trung hinh ldm kdt qua do.
+ Chieu cao cdy (H, cm) duoe do bdng thude ky thudt vdi dp chinh xac hdng 0,1 cm. Mdi cay do 2 lan sau dd lay gia tri trung binh lam ket qua do
+ Sd la dupe xac dinh tren tat ea cde cay do dem.
+ Sinh khdi tiioi va khd (B, g/cay) dugc xac djnh hdng each can khdi lugng cua 3 cay tiling binh/ 16 thi nghiem vdo thdng thii 6. De do khdi lugng tuoi, eae mdu cay dugc can tdng khdi lugng/cay; sau do tdch thdnh cac bd phdn (thdn, la, rd). De do sinh khdi khd, cae mdu cdy dugc say cho den khi kh6 kiet.
Khdi luong cay (kho va tiroi) dugc do lap lai 3 lan bdng cdn phan tich vol dd chinh xac den 0,01g, lay sd lieu trung binh cua 3 lan do.
2.2.4. Phmmg phap xu ly va phan ti'chsdheu De xde dmh anh huong tdng hpp cua cdc nhan td sinh thai len ede ehi tieu do dem, trdn co so* chi sd phiic tap vd eau tnic eua Holdridge (1967) nghidn ciiu su dung chi sd SCI = (0,01*D*H*SL). Tat ea cde so Ueu do dem ve sinh ti-u6ng Do (mm), H (em), sd la vd sinh khoi (g/cay) cua cay con Gao vdng dupe xii ly bdng phuong phap thdng ke (Nguyen Hai Tuat, Vu Tidn Hinh, Ngd Kim Khdi, 2006).
De tim tdi uu (U) vd tinh chdng chiu sinh thai (V) eua cay con Gdo vdng ddi vol timg loai phan, sii dung phuang phap phan tich hdi quy tirong quan.
Ham phan hdi md ta quan he giiia cac bien phan hdi (chi tieu SCI vd sinh khdO vai ydu to thi nghiem duac xdy dung theo md hinh hdi quy bac 2. Md hinh cd dang: Y = bo + bi*X + h/X^ + e.
U 9
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHfi
Khi gidi md hinh bdc hai, cd the xac dinh dugc nhimg dac trung sau day: Tdi uu sinh thdi: U = - b/(2*b2), bien dp sinh thdi: T = l/sqrt(-2*h2), tinh chong chiu sinh thdi: C = U + T; bien phan hdi lan nhat: Ymax = bo -H bjU + hsUa (Nguydn Van Them, 2010).
8. KEI QUA NBHHI CUU VA THAU LUitN 3.1. Anh hu6ng ciia phdn tdng hgp NPK 31.L Anh hudng cua phan NPK ddn smh trudng cua Gao vang 6 thang tudi
Ket qua nghien eiiu anh hirong cua phdn tong hgp NPK (16-1&«) den smh hirong dudmg kinh, chieu cao, sd la va ehi sd SCI ciia Gdo vdng 6 thdng tudi dirge the hien b bang 1.
Nhung tinh todn dupe thuc hien bdng phan mdm thdng ke SPSS 20, Statgraphies Centurion XV va bang tinh Excel.
Bdng 1. Dirdng kinh, chi^u cao, sd Id vd chi sd SCI trung binh cua Gdo vdng 6 thdng tudi dudi dnh hudng ctia hdm lupng phdn NPK (16-1&^)
NPK (%) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
N cay 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
D(mm) Gia tri
12,5'' 13,7'^
13,9'^
14,0' 13,7=
13,21"
11,3"
S 2,54 2,47 1,89 1,79 1,69 2,01 1,81
H(cm) Gia tri
72,4' 76,9' 89,6=
84,4' 73,1' 65,6' 60,6"
S 18,06 13,51 16,32 12,62 9,93 7,95 9,34
SL Gia tri
11,1"
12,3' 12,8'' 12,7'"
11,7' 11,6"' 11,2"
S 1,77 1,15 1,10 0,91 1,14 1,01 0,77
SCI Gia tri 109,7' 134,3"' 161,6' 152,9'"'' 118,8'' 100,6'"
78,9"
S 61,36 52,68 46,90 44,08 29,95 22,79 28,19 Ghi chd: Nhdng nghiim thirc cd cung la'tula khdng cd sukhac biitrd ret vemat thdng ki d 0,05.
Giiia cac nghidm thiic, gia tri duong kinh cd su phan hda khd ldn, dao dpng tir 11,3 mm den 14,0 mm. Phdn tich thdng ke cho thay, sinh tnrdng dudng kinh d' nhirng miie NPK cd su khdc biet rdt ldn ve mdt thdng ke (F = 20,17; P < 0,05). Theo su phan hda vd dudng kinh dudi cac miic NPK, cd thd phdn chia Gdo vdng 6 thdng tudi thdnh 3 nhdm, trong dd nhdm ed dudng kinh ldn nhat tuong iing vai cde nghidm thiic 1% - 4% NPK (binh qudn 13,8 mm).
Sau 6 thdng tudi, trung binh chidu cao thdn cay cung cd su phdn hda rat manh, tir 12,12% ddn 24,96%.
Qua phdn tich thdng ke cho thay, chidu cao dudi cac miic NPK cd su khac biet rat ldn ve mat thong ke (F
= 54,19; P < 0,05). Tir su khdc biet ve chidu eao, cd tiid phan chia cay con Gao vang 6 thang tiidi thdnh 3 nhdm; trong dd nhdm cd chidu cao ldn nhdt (89,6 em) tuong ling voi cdc miic NPK tir 2% - 3% so vdi khdi lugng rudt bau.
Phdn tich thdng ke cho thay, sd Id cua Gao vdng 6 thang tudi a nhirng miic phdn tong hop NPK khac nhau cd su khdc biet ve mat thdng ke (F = 31.12; P <
0,05. Theo su phdn hda vd sd la cdy dudi cac mirc NPK khac nhau, cd the phdn chia Gdo vang 6 thdng tudi thdnh 4 nhom. trong dd nhom cd so Id lon nhdt la 12,8 tiiong ung vai muc NPK la 2-3%.
Chi sd SCI cua Gao vdng 6 thang tuoi dudi cac mirc phan NPK tii 0% - 6% dat tirang iing 78,9 ddn 161,6. Bidn ddng SCI giua ede nghiem thiic binh qudn la 33,8%. Phdn tieh thdng ke eho thay, chi so SCI a nhung mirc phdn NPK ed su khac bidt ldn ve mat thdng ke (F - 41,971; P < 0,05). Theo str phan hda cua SCI, cd the chia Gao vdng 6 thang tudi thdnh 5 nhdm; trong dd nhdm co SCI cao nhat Id 161,6 tuong ling voi nghiem thiic NFK2%.
3.1.2. Anh huong cua NPK ddn smh khdi cua Gao vang 6 thang tiidi
Ket qua nghidn eiiu sinh khdi tuoi (SKT, g/cay) va suih khdi khd (SKK, g/cay) cua cay Gdo vdng 6 thdng tudi duoi anh huong eua phan NPK dupe trinh bay a bang 2.
Sinh khdi turn ciia Gao vdng dat cao nhat 6 nghiem thiic 2% NPK (264 g/cdy), thdp nhat b nghiem tiiiie 6% NPK (144 g/edy) (Bang 2). So sdnh voi sinh khdi tirai cua Gdo vdng b nghiem thiic ddi chiing (100%), til sd ndy 6 nghidm thiic 1% - 2% NPK ldn hon rat dang kd (hrong ting 118,8%. 137,5%). So vdi tong sinh khdi tiroi (100%), sinh khdi thdn chidm ty le ldn nhat (tiimg binh 43,7%), ke den Id Id (39,7%).
tiiap nhat la re (21,9%).
120 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
Bing 2. Sinh khdi tuoi vk khd ciia Gdo v ^ g dudi anh hudng cic miic Phto NPK
(%)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Sinh khoi tuoi (g/cay) Tong
192 228 264 192 190 180 144
m
36 36 84 48 48 36 24
Than 84 96 120 72 84 84 60
La 72 96 144 72 60 60 60
phtaNPK Sinh khoi kho (g/cay) Tong
42,2 58,1 61,4 46,4 41,8 31,1 26,3
RS 7,9 10,3 7,5 8,0 8,1 8,4 5,6
Than 18,5 28,1 31,8 20,9 22,9 12,9 11,8
La 15,8 19,7 22,1 17,5 10,7 9,8 8,9 Sinh khoi khd eua Gdo vdng dat cao nhat 6
nghidm thiie 2% NPK (61,44 g/cay), thap nhat 6 nghidm thiic 6% NPK (26,33 g/cay). So sanh vol sinh khdi khd eiia Gdo vdng d* nghiem thiic ddi chiing (100%), hi so ndy a nghiem thiie 1% - 2% NPK ldn han rat ddng ke. So vdi tdng sinh khdi khd (100%), sinh khdi thdn 6 eac nghiem thiie chidm ty le ldn nhat
(ti^ng binh 47,2%), ke den Id Id (ti^ng binh 33,7%), thap nhat la rd (tiimg hmh 19,11%).
3.1.3. Xac dinh ham luang phan tdng hop NPK tdiuu
Tir nhung phdn tich thdng ke da chi ra hdm phdn hdi doi vol sinh tnrdng eua Gdo vdng 6 thdng tudi vol sir thay ddi hdm lugng phan NPK dugc thd hien o hang 3.
Bdng 3.
Thanh phin Chi sd SCI Sinh khdi (g/cdy)
Nhiing hdm mic lirpng sinh tnrong ciia SCI vd sinh khdi Phuong trinh Y, = f(X):
Y - 113,741 + 29,2*X - 6,0727'*X'' Y = 47,839 + 6,5660*X - 1,8171*X^
Sd hieu (3.1) (3.2)
theo NPK R' 88,56
80,7 S 12,14
5,06 MAE
8,15 6,92 Ghi chd: R^: Hi sdxac dinh; S: Sai lich chuan cua
Bdng viee khai tridn cac phuong trinh 3.1, 3.2, xac dinh duge hdm lugng phdn NPK tdi uu (Uopt, %), bidn dp sinh thdi (+T, %) va pham vi chdng chiu cho chi tieu SCI va sinh khdi cua Gao vdng 6 thang tudi.
Cdc tii sd U (%), T (%) va pham vi (U±T) lan luot nhu
udc luong; MAE. Sai lich tuyet ddi tnmg binh trinh bdy trong bdng 4. Nhu vdy, khi bdn phdn tong hgp NPK voi ham lirpng tdi uu (2,64%), Gdo vdng cd tiid dat lon nhat vdi SCI la 148,8 vd sinh khdi la 53,77 g/cay.
Bdng 4. Nhiing tham sd sinh thdi NPK ddi vdi Gdo vdng 6 thdng Thanh phan
Chi sd SCI Sinh khdi (g/cay)
U 2,40 1,81
T 0,29 0,52
U + T 2,12-2,69 1,29-2,33
U±4T 1,26-3,55 0,0-3,89
iidi Ldnnhat
148,8 53,77
tl
" X - " L p 9 ° , b - 2 . 3 3 1 % .Hmh 2. Dudng cong ly thuydt m6 td tdi ini ^^ bien dO NPK (%) ddm bdo cho Gdo vdng 6 tiidng faidi sinh
tnrong tdt v6 sinh khdi kh6 (g/cdy)
Cu the eho ehi tieu sinh khdi khd: Trien khai cdc phuong trinh 3.1 cho thay, ham lugng phdn tdng hgp NPK tdi uu eho suih khoi khd eua Gao vdng Id 1,81%.
Tinh chdng chiu smh thai ddi vdi ham lupng phdn NPK la ±0,52%. Bien do cua phan NPK dam bao cd smh khdi eao nhdt la 1,29% den 2,33%. Nhu vay, khi bdn NPK vol ham lugng tdi uu (1,81%), Gdo vdng cd the dat lupng sinh khdi khd ldn nhat la 53,77 g/cdy (Hinh 2).^
3.2. Anh hirong ciia super ldn
3.2.1. Anh hudng cua super lan ddn smh tivdng cua Gao vang 6 thang tudi
KHOA HQC C 6 N G NGHi
Ket qua nghien cuu anh hudng cua super lan sd SCI ctia Gdo vdng 6 thdng tudi duoc the hien d den sinh trudng dudng kinh, chieu cao, sd Id va chi bdng 5.
Super Ian
(%)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
N cay 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
D(mm) Giatn
12,6"
14,8"' 15,2"
14,7"' 14,1'"
13,7'' 13,1''
S 2,44 1.74 1,83 2,42 2,36 1,75 1,91
H(cm) Gia tri
71,5' 100,4'"
113,6' 112,3' 105,6"
98,7' 89,5'
S 17,65 12,61 8,73 13,37 18,34 12,51 11,74
SL Gid tri
10,8' 13,3'' 13,9"
13,7'"
13,3"
13,3'' 13,1'
S 1,83 1,14 0,29 0,70 1,12 1,10 0,96
mg cua super lan SCI Gidtn 106,1"
199,9' 241,2"
226,0"
199,2' 182,9' 156,5'
S 60,11 47,41 38,59 49,34 54,99 46,57 42,93 Ghi chu: Nhiing nghiim thuc cd cung ki tir la khdng cd sukhac biitrd ret vemat thdng ki a 0,05.
Bang 5 cho thay: khi hdn super ldn tang ddn tii 0% - 2% thi dudng kinh tang, khi tiep tuc tang ham lugng lan len 3% - 6%, dudng kinh vdn cao han so vol nghidm thiic ddi chiing, nhung cd khuynh hudng giam dan. Giira ede nghiem thiie, dudng kinh cd su phan hda kha ldn (tii 11,8% ddn 19,3%). Phdn tich thdng kd cho thay, sinh trudng dudng kinh a nhiing miic hdn super ldn cd su khac biet ldn ve mat thdng ke (F = 18,174; P < 0,05). Tlieo su phan hda ve dudng kinh, ed the phan ehia Gdo vang 6 thang tudi thdnh 5 nhdm, trong dd nhdm cd duong kinh lon nhat (15,2 mm) tuong iing vdi nghiem thiic hdn 2% super ldn.
Sau 6 thdng tudi, chidu cao than cay trung binh d- nghiem thiic ddi chiing Id 71,5 cm. Khi tang dan hdm lugng super ldn tir 1% den 2%, chieu cao trung binh ciing cd khuynh hudng tang dan, tiep tuc tang lupng super lan chidu cao cd xu hudng giam dan. Giira cde nghiem thiic, chieu eao cung ed su bidn dgng rat manh (tii 7,7% den 24,7%). Phan tieh thdng ke eho thay, chidu eao cua Gdo vdng dudi cae miie bdn super ldn ed su khac biet rdt lon ve mat thdng kd (F = 98,19; P < 0,05). Tir su khdc bidt vd chieu cao, ed the phan chia cdy eon thdnh 5 nhdm; nhdm co chieu cao ldn nhat (112,9 cm) tuong iing vdi miic hdn ldn 2%- 3%.
Sd Id trung binh cua Gdo vdng 6 thang tudi dudi cac mu'c bdn super lan tir 0% - 6% dat tii 10,8 ddn 13,9 la. Bien ddng sd la trong giiia edc nghiem thiic didn ra tuong ddi nho. Phan tich thdng ke cho thdy, sd la o nhiing miic super ldn khde nhau ed su khdc biet ve mat tiidng ke (F = 74,56; P < 0,05). Theo su phdn hoa vd sd la duoi cae miie bon super ldn, cd the phdn chia Gao vdng 6 thang tiidi thanh 4 nhom, nhdm cd sd la
ldn nhat la 13,9 tuong iing vol nghidm thiic bon 2%
super lan.
Chi sd SCI cua Gdo vdng dudi cdc muc bon super lan tii 0% - 6% dat tir 106,1 (ddi chiing) ddn cao nhat la 241,2 (bdn 2% super ldn). Bien ddng ve chi so SCI binh quan la 28,4%. Phdn tieh thdng kd eho thay, chi sd SCI a nhung miie super ldn cd su khac biet lon (F = 75,77; P < 0,05). Theo su phan hda ve chi sd SCI dudi cdc miic bdn super ldn, cd thd phdn chia Gdo vang 6 thang tuoi thdnh 4 nhom, trong do nhdm co ehi sd SCI eao nhat tuong iing vdi nghidm thiic bdn 2%-3% super ldn (233,6).
3.2.2. Anh hudng cua super lan ddn sinh khdi cua Gao vang 6 thang tudi
Ket qua nghidn ciru sinh khdi tuoi {SKT, g/cay) va sinh khdi khd (SKK, g/edy) eua edy Gdo vdng 6 thdng tuoi dudi dnh hudng ciia phan ehudng dugc the hien d bang 6.
Sinh khdi tuoi cua Gao vang dat cao nhat b nghidm thiic bdn 2% super lan (288 g/edy), thap nhat 6 nghidm thiic ddi chiing (194 g/edy) (Bang 6). So vol tdng sinh khdi tiroi (100%), sinh khdi thdn tuoi a eac nghiem tinic chiem ty Id ldn nhat (42,72%), kd ddn la la (tnmg binh 34,54%), thap nhat la re (trung binh 21,9%).
Sinh khdi khd cua Gdo vdng dat cao nhat 6 nghidm tiiiic bdn 2% super ldn (75,2 g/edy), thap nhdt o nghidm thtic bdn 6% super ldn (39,6 g/cdy).
So sdnh vdi sinh khdi khd ciia Gdo vang d- nghidm thiic ddi chiing, tri sd ndy tang dan d" nghiem thiic bdn 1% - 2% super ldn. So voi tdng sinh khdi khd
(100%), sinh khdi than chidm ty Id ldn nhat (48,63%), kd ddn Id Id (31,62%), thap nhat la rd (19,75%).
122 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHl
Bdng 6. Sinh khdi tuoi vd khd cua Phan Idn
(%)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
jdo vdng dudi anh hudng cdc Sinh khdi tuoi (g/cay)
Tdng 194 264 288 276 228 210 204
Rt 48 60 48 60 48 48 48
Than 74 120 132 120 96 90 84
Ld 72 84 108 96 84 72 60
miic super Idn Sinh khdi khd (g/cay) Tdng
45,8 64,7 75,2 69,7 52,9 48,5 39,6
RS 10,4 13,9 12,5 14,4 10,1 8,2 8,2
Than 19,8 32,3 37,5 33,1 28,0 23,9 18,9
Ld 15,6 18,5 25,3 22,2 14,8 16,4 12,5 3.2.3. Xac dinh ham luong super lan tdiuu <"* ™ ^V * 2 y i™ ham lupng super lan tit 0% - KI1.- >,- ,,• 1, .u^ . - J- u- 1 u- duoc thd hidn d bang 7.
Nhung phan tich thong ke da cm ra rang ham phan hdi ddi vdi sinh trudng cua Gdo vdng 6 thang
Bdng 7. Nhiing hdm udc lugng sinh trudng D,,, H, sd Id vd sinh khdi tfaeo hdm Immg Idn Thanh phan
Chi sd SCI Sinh khdi (g/cay)
Phuong trinh Y,=f(X):
Y- 125,03+67,8385*X-10,8578*X^
Y = 50,429+14,2457*X-2,8106*X2
Sd hieu 3.3 3.4
R^
82,4 80,1
S 23,23
7,29 MAE 16,33 4,86 Ghi chu: l¥: Hi sdxac dinh; S: Sai lich chuan cua uov luong; MAE: Sai lech tiiyit ddi tivng binh Bdng vide khai tiidn cde phuong ti-inh 3.3, 3.4, ^ ^ ^ g super lan vd pham vi chdng chiu lan lugt cho xac dinh dugc hdm lupng super lan uu (Uopi, %), bidn
dp sinh thdi (U+T, %) ciia Gao vang ddi vdi hdm
Bdng 8. NhOng tham s6 sinh thdi cua super ldn ddi v6i Gdo vang 6 thdng tudi chi tieu SCI va smh khdi dugc thd hidn d hang 8
Thanh phan Chi sd SCI Sinh khdi (g/cay)
U 3,12 2,53
T 0,21 0,42
U + T 2,91-3,34
2,11-2,96
U±4T 2,27-3,98 0,85-4,22
Ldn nhat 230,99
68,48
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'
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6'.Hinh 3. Dudng cong \^ thuydt m6 td tdi im vd bifin dO super ldn (%) ddm bao cho Gdo vdng 6 thdng tudi c6
smh khdi khd (g/cdy) I6n nhdt Trien khai phuong trinh 3.4 cho thay, hdm luang phdn super lan tdi uu (Utoi uu, %) cho sinh khdi khd la 2,53%. Tinh chdng chiu sinh tiidi (T, %) ddi vdi ham lugng super ldn Id 0,42%. Bidn dp super ldn dam bdo cd sinh khdi cao nhat Id 2,11% - 2,96%. Nhu vdy, khi
bdn super ldn vdi ham luong tdi uu (2,53%), Gdo vang cd the dat lugng sinh khdi khd ldn nhat la 68,48g/cay (Hmh 3).
3.3. Anh hirong cua phdn ehudng
3.3.1. Anh hudng cua phan chuong ddn sinh tnrdng cua Gao vang 6 thang tudi
Ket qua nghidn eiiu anh hudng cua phdn chuong den sinh trudng duong kinh, chieu cao, sd la va chi sd SCI ciia Gao vdng 6 thang tudi dupe the hien d- bang 9.
Khi bdn phan ehudng tdng dan tii 5% - 20% so vdi khdi lugng rupt bdu, dudng kinh gdc cdy trung binh cua Gao vdng 6 thang tudi tang len tuong iing. PQii tiep tuc tang hdm lugng phan chuong ldn 25% - 30%, duong kinh cd khuynh hudng giam thap. Giua cde nghiem thiie, duong kinh cd su phdn hoa kha ldn.
Phdn tich thdng ke cho thay, sinh tnrong dirdng kinh a nhimg muc phan chuong co su khac biet rat ldn ve
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
mat thdng ke (F - 18,52; P < 0,05). Theo su phan Trong dd, nhdm cd dudng kinh ldn nhdt (15,5 mm) hda ve dudng kinh dudi cac miic phan chuong, cd tuong ung vdi nghiem thiic duoc bdn Idt 20% phan the phan chia Gao vdng 6 thang tudi thdnh 4 nhdm. chuong.
Bang 9. Dudng kinh, chi^u Phdn chuong
(%)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Ncay 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
cao, sd Id vd chi sc D(mm)
Gid tri 12,5"
14,6°"
14,5'=
15,3="' 15,5' 14,4'' 13,5'
S 2,51 2,24 1,83 2,24 2,30 2,10 2,43
SCI dudi dnh hudng cua phdn ehudng H(cm)
Gia tri 71,7"
98,0' 99,8' 111,7' 116,0' 113,6' 97,3'
S 17,86 14,00 16,52 9,44 9,92 11,05 15,63
SL Gia tri
11,0»
13,0"
13,5'' 13,4"
13,8'' 13,3'' 12,8'
S 1,78 1,15 0,72 0,99 0,43 0,98 1,21
SCI Gid tri 107,4' 1B7,3''' 195,3' 230,9*
247,5' 218,7'' 169,6'
S 60,82 47,06 43,93 50,56 43,35 49,63 47,30 Ghi chu: Nhimg nghiim thiic cd cimg ki tu la khdng cd su khac biit ro rit ve mat thdng ki a 0,0.
Sau 6 thang tudi, khi tang ham luong phan chuong tir 5% den 20% so vdi khdi lugng rudt ban, thi chieu cao than cay trung binh ciia Gao vang 6 thang tudi eiing ed khuynh hudng tang tuong iing. Giua eac nghidm thiic, chieu cao than cay cd su phan hda rat manh (tii 8,55% den 24,90%). Phan tieh thdng ke eho thay, chidu cao ciia Gdo vdng 6 thdng tudi dudi cde miie phan ehudng khde nhau eo su khac biet rat lon vd mdt thdng kd (F = 108,056; P < 0,05). Tir su khae biet vd chieu cao than cay, cd the phan chia cay con Gao vang 6 thang tudi thanh 3 nhdm; nhdm co chidu cao ldn nhat (Hbq= 113,8 cm) tuong ling voi cae miie phdn ehudng tii 15% - 25% so vol khdi lupng rudt ban.
Sd Id trung binh cua Gao vang 6 thang tudi dudi cdc miic phdn chuong tii 0% - 30% dat tii 11,0 ddn 13,8 Id. Bien ddng sd la cay didn ra tirong ddi nho. Phan tich thdng ke cho thay, sd la ctia Gao vang b nhimg miic phan ehudng khdc nhau ding c6 su khac biet ve mat tiidng kd (F = 77,176; P < 0.05). Theo su phan
nhau, cd the phdn chia Gdo vdng 6 thdng tudi thdnh 4 nhdm; trong dd nhdm cd sd la ldn nhat tuong iing vdi cac muc phdn chuong tii 10% - 25% la 12,8 Id.
Chi sd SCI cua Gdo vang 6 thang tuoi dudi cac miic phan ehudng tir 0% - 30% dat tuong iing 107,4 den 247,5. Bien ddng vd chi sd SCI binh qudn la 27,75%. Phdn tich thdng ke cho tiiay, chi sd SCI a nhiing miic phdn ehudng cd su khdc bidt ldn ve m?it tiidng ke (F =80,158; P < 0,05). Theo su phdn hda vd ehi so SCI, c6 the phdn chia Gdo vang 6 thang tuoi thanh 5 nhdm; trong dd nhdm cd ehi sd SCI eao nhat la 239,2 tirang ting vdi nghiem tinie bdn 15% -20%
phdn ehudng so vdi khdi lugng rupt bdu.
3.3.2. Anh hudng cua phan chuong din sinh khdi cua Gao vang 6 thang tudi
Ket qua nghidn ciiu sinh khdi tuoi (SKT, g/cay) vd sinh khdi khd (SKK, g/cdy) eua cdy Gdo vang 6 thang tudi dudi anh hudng cua phdn ehudng dupe the hien a bang 10.
hda vd sd td cay dudi cac miic phdn ehudng khde
Bang 10. Sinh khdi tuoi vd khd cua Gdo vang duoi anh hirdng cdc miic phdn ehudng Phdn chuong
(%)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Trung binh
Sinh khdi tuoi (g/cay) Tdng
192 264 294 300 324 300 264 276.9
Rd 48 48 48 72 72 60 48 56,6
Than 72 120 108 144 144 144 120 121,7
U 72 96 96 84 108 96 96 92,6
Sinh khdi khd (g/cay) Tdng
63,7 64,5 68,1 70,3 72,1 67,1 62,0 66,8
RS 13,9 11,2 14,7 13,8 16,2 14,1 11,1 13,6
Than 32,3 32,8 31,5 35.2 32.3 34,4 31,6 32,9
Ld 17,4 20,5 21,9 21,3 23.6 18,6 19,3 L _ 2 0 ^
124 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC CbNG NGHE
Sinh khdi tuai eua Gdo vdng dat cao nhat a nghidm thiie bon 20% phdn ehudng, thap nhat d' nghidm thiic ddi ehiing (Bang 10). So sdnh vdi sinh khdi tuoi a nghiem thiic ddi chiing (100%), tri sd ndy a nghidm thiic bdn 5% - 20% phan chuong ldn hon rat dang ke. So vdi tdng sinh khdi tuai (100%), smh khdi than tuoi d* ede nghiem thiic chidm ty le ldn nhat (43,9%), ke den Id la (tiimg binh 33,4%), tiiap nhat la rd (tiimg binh 20,4%).
Sinh khdi khd cua Gao vang dat cao nhat a nghiem thiic bdn 20% phdn ehudng, thdp nhat a nghiem thiic bdn 0% phdn chuong. So sanh voi sinh khdi khd a nghidm thiic ddi chiing (100%), tii sd nay
Bdng 11. Hdm u6c lugng sinh trudng Dp, H, sd Id vd sinh khdi theo lirpng phdn ehudng tang dan a nghiem thirc tii 5% - 20% phan ehudng. So vol tdng smh khdi khd (100%), sinh khdi than khd cr cde nghiem thiic chidm ty le lon nhat (48,1%), ke ddn la Id (31,2%), tiiap nhat la rd (20,7%).
So vol sinh khdi tuoi, ty le smh khdi khd tdng sd d- cde nghidm thtic chiem ty le 23,6%; tirong tu tdng sinh khdi khd cua rd, tiidn. Id tuong iing la 24,1%, 26%
vd22%.
3.3.3. Xac dinh ham luong phan chuong tdi uu Ham phan hdi sinh trudng cua Gao vdng 6 thdng tuoi voi su thay doi ham lupng phdn ehudng tii 0% - 30% dupe tiie hien d bdng 11 vd 12.
Thanh phan Chi sd SCI Smh khdi (g/cay)
Phuong trinh Y, = f(X):
Y= 109,916+14,5329*X-0.41263*X2 Y - 46,155t3,29428*X-0,093048*X2
Sd hieu (3.5) (3.6)
R^
94,0 87,7
S 13,92 4,72
MAE 8,65 3,13 Ghi chu: l¥: Hi sdxac dinh; S: Sai lich chuan cua udc luong; MAE: Sai lich tuyet ddi trung binh Bdng vide khai tridn phuang trinh 3.5, 3.6, xde
dinh dugc ham lugng phan chuong tdi uu (Uopi, %) cho sinh truong sinh khdi cua Gao vang 6 thang tudi la 17,70%. Bidn dp smh thdi (±T, %) cua Gdo vang ddi vdi hdm lupng phdn ehudng la 17,70% ± 2,32%. Pham
Bang 12. Nhiing tham so sinh thdi ciia phdn ehudng ddi vdi Gdo vdng 6 th^ig tuoi
vi chdng chiu la 15,38 - 20,02%. Nhu vay, khi bdn phdn chuong vdi ham lupng tdi uu, cay Gao vang cd the dat sinh khdi khd ldn nhdt Id 73,31 g/cdy (Hinh 4).
Thanh phan Chi sd SCI Sinh khdi (g/cdy)
U 17,61 17,70
T 1,10 2,32
U+T 16,51-18,71 15,38-20,02
U±4T 13,21-22,01 8,43-26,97
Ldnnhat 237,88
73,31
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Hinh 4. Dirdng cong ly thuydt md td tdi mi va bidn dd phdn ehudng (%) dam bao cho Gdo vdng 6 thang tudi
c6 SKK (g/cdy) 16n nhdt 3.4. Thdo ludn chung
- Kdt qua nghien cmi sau 6 thang da chi ra rdng, khi bon lot phdn hdn hpp NPK hay super lan tii 0% - 6% va phdn ehudng hoai tii 0 - 30% so vdi khdi lupng rudt bau, phan iing sinh tnrdng ciia duong kinh.
chidu eao, sd la va sinh khdi eiia Gdo vdng it nhieu cd su chdnh lech. Hdm lupng NPK tdi uu cho sinh trudng trong khoang 1,81% den 2,72%; ciia super ldn tir 2% - 4% va cua phan ehudng hoai tii 15 - 25%.
- Nhin chung, khi bdn lot phan tdng hop NPK hay super lan tii 0% - 6% va phan chuong hoai vdi ham luong tii 0% - 30% thi cac chi tieu sinh trudng cua cay con Gdo vang ddu tang dan den mdt con sd nhat dinh, sau dd ed xu hudng giam xudng, tao nen mdt duong cong parabol cd mot diem cue dai. Didu ndy cd the giai thich theo dinh luat nang suat cay ti-ong se khdng tang ti le thudn theo ham luong phan bdn (Nguydn Manh Himg va ctv, 2017).
- Tdng hop nhiing ket qua phan tich phan iing cua Gao vang voi ham luong phdn NPK, super ldn vd phdn chuong hoai ed tiie di den nhan dinh rdng, Gdo vang Id lodi cay can NPK, super lan cung nhu phan hiiu eo de sinh tnrdng va phat trien. Hdm luong phan
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
ddm bao eho Gdo vang smh tiirdng tot trong 6 thdng physiology seed Characteristics of Lonkida (Nauclea orientalis L.) from natural habitats in South East Sulawesi. Article, November, 152-170.
2. Hyland, B. P. M., Whiffin, T., Zich, F. A. etal., 2010. Faetsheet Nauclea orientahs. Austi^an Tropical Rainforest Plants.
3. Miftahul Mawaddah, Irdika Mansur, Dan Lana Sana, 2012. Growth of Cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron Linn.) and Longkida {Nauclea orientalis Linn.) in Flooded Condition of Acid Mine Water. Jumal Silvikultiir TropikaVol. 03 No. 02 Agustiis 2012, Hal. 71 -75.
4. Nguydn Hai Tuat, Vu Tien Hinh, Ngd Kim Kh6i, 2006. Phan ti'ch thdng ki trong lam nghiip.
Nxb Ndng nghiep, Hd Ndi, 324 ti-ang.
5. Nguyen Vdn Them, 2010. Phan ti'ch sd hiu quan xa thuc vdt rung. Nxb Nong nghiep. Ha Ngi, 397 ti-ang.
6. Pham Chi Thanh, 2002. Phuong phap tbi nghiim ddng rudng. Nxb Ndng nghiep, Hd Ndi, 271 trang.
a vudn uom vdi NPK la 2% - 3%, vai super ldn la 2-3%
so vdi khdi lupng ruot bdu, cdn vdi phdn ehudng hoai tii 15% -20%, ndng phdn ehudng hoai cd tdc dung cai thidn tinh chat cua rupt bau.
4 . KET LUAN
Trong giai doan gieo uom, Gao vdng Id loai edy can NPK d" miie trung binh thdp. Lugng NPK tiiich hgp cho chi sd SCI va sinh khdi trong 6 thdng ddu d- vudn uam la 2% - 2,7%, tdi uu la 2,4%.
Gao vdng la lodi cay can super ldn d* miic trung binh. Lugng super ldn thich hgp cho ehi sd SCI vd sinh khdi trong 6 thang dau d" vudn uom la 2% - 5%, tdi uu la 3,5%.
Ddi vol phdn hiru co Gao vang Id loai cdy cdn nhieu de sinh trudng vd phat trien. Khi gieo uom Gdo vdng trdn nen dat xdm phu sa ed o Dong Nai, h6n hgp rudt ban toi uu cho chi sd SCI Id 17,6% phan chuong so vol khdi luong rupt bdu.
TAIUEUTHAMKHAO
1. Faisal Danu Tuheteru, Cecep Kusmana, Irdika Mansur, Dan Iskandar, 2014. Fruit and morpho-
THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH OF THE SEEDLINGS OF Nauclea orientahs L IN THE NURSERY STAGE
Nguyen Xuan Hung, Bui Viet Hai Summary
The topic "Tbe effect of fertilisers on tbe growth of the seedhngs of Nauclea onentaiis L in the nursery- stage" to contribute to providing scientific evidence, progressing to the addition of plants. This is for afforestation. We used single factor expenmentals to design and investigate the different from the response of Nauclea onentahs at three types of fertilizer. The achieved results are: (i) During the incubation period, tiie Nauclea orientalis is a plant that needs low average NPK, suitable NPK for SCI and biomass in the first 6 months is 2% - 2.7%, the optimal is 2.4%. (ii) Yellow ladle is a species that needs super phosphate at medium level, the amount of super phosphate suitable for SCI and biomass in the first 6 months is 2% - 5%, optimal is 3.5%. (iii) The tree of Nauclea onentaiis needs a lot of organic fertilizer to grow and develop.
When sowing Nauclea onentahs on the old afiuvial gray soil, the optimal potting mix for SCI and biomass was 17.6% of manure compared to the weight of pomng medium.
Keywords: Types of fertiliser, Nauclea orientahs. nursery stage.
Ngudi phdn bi^n: TS. Cao Dmh Son Ngdy nhdn hdi: 25/02/2020 Ngdy thdng qua phan bidn: 25/3/2020 Ngdy duy^t ddng: 01/4/2020
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
