BIEN PHAP TANG CUONG NANG LIfG CHO GIAO VIEN CAN THIEP GIAD DUC SUM TRE KHJiYfT TAT MAM NON
TS. L E THj THUY H A N G *
S
dluong tre khuyet tat (TKT) trong dp tudi mam non la hon 66.000 chiem ti le 6,99% trong toan bp sdluong TKT td0-16tudidVietNam(1). Theo cac quy cnnh ehung eua nganh GD-OT, mdi giao vien (GV) cdtheday tdi da khdng qua 2 TKT trong mptk!rp.Nhu vay. can it nhat 33,000 G V mam non dupc dao tao, boi dudng deday cho TKT mam non.
Theo Duthao Chien lupc phattrien giao due (GD) hda nhap TKT Viet Nam den nam 2020, hau het GV chua duoc dao tao, boi dudng ve GD dae biet.
T i i nhung n§m 1990 de'n nay, Viet Nam mdl cht cd khoang hon 12.000 GV mam non va tieu hpc dupc t | p huan n g i n han ve ITnh vuc nay. Nhu cau GV cd kien thdc, kT nSng day TKT la het sdc can thiel. Vi vay, van d^ cap thid'l hipn nay la c i n tang cudng nSng luc cho nguon nhan luc can thiep sdm GD TKTd VietNam, trong dd chii y den cac bien phap dap ung nhu cau tang cudng nang luc GV can thiep GD sdm TKT mam non.
1. C o s d tiep can dua tren Khung nang luc cho nguon nhan luc GD TKT
Tang cudng nang luc la lam cho ai dd dupc cd them kien thuc, kTnang, cave li luan va thue hanh de hp cd kha nang thyc hi^n ed hieu qua va nhanh hon cac nhipm vu cu thecua vj tri cdng vIpc nao dd. Khai nipm phattrien nguon nhan li/c dugc hieu la mgt eon ducfig. mdt each thdc cua qua trinh dao tao, boidu&ig nhim nang cao trinh do vekie'n thdc, kTnang vecan
^iepGDsdm TKT cho nguon nhan iuc lam v'licUong linh vuc nay.
Ve yeu cau nang luc cua dpi ngii G V day TKT, d Hoa Ki. GV day TKT phai ed gia'y phep hanh nghe sau khi trai qua mpt ki danh gia. ta/dc dd hp phai cd trinh dp tdi thieu la dai hpc ve GD va hoan thanh chuong trinh dao tao ve GD dae biet theo yeu cau.
Mdt so bang tham chi cdn yeu cau trinh dp thac sT ddi vdi GV day TKT.
Tai cae nude ma van de TKT dupe quan tam va
30 Tap chi Gido due so 307
da cd nhimg tien bd vupt bae trong finh vuc nay nhu MT, Anh. Y,.,. sd lupng TKT dang theo hpc tgl eac ta/dng hda nhap (d tat ca eae cap hpc, keca dai hpe) chiem mot ti le kha kin, thi van de nang luc ctia GV day TKT cung het sdc dupc chu trpng. Nhin ehung d eae nude nay, trinh dp dao tao td'i thieu cung nhu eae yeu cau ve ehung ehi kem theo va giay phep hanh nghedd'ivdiGVdayTKTIahetsdcchatche,taorasu chuyen sau, chuyen nghiep ciia G V va dam bao dupe kha nang cung cap eae djeh vy GD dap dng nhu cau da dang cua TKT.
Cac nghien ciiu cua Le Van Tac, Nguyin Xuan Hai (2006) da dua ra mdt Khung nang luc ehung cho dpi ngu ehuyen mdn trong GD TKT. Vj tri cdng v i ^ nay dupc xac djnh di/a tren cac yeu td thiet ke, to' chdc, hudng d i n va danh gia qua trinh GD TKT va thehien a A mue dp: 1) Huy dpng va duy tri chSm sdc, can thiep va GD TKT tai nha ta/dng; 2) Cham sdc, can thiep va GD ed chat lupng TKT trong nha tn/dng;
3) Linh hoat va sang tao trong GD TKT; 4) Nghien cdu va thuc hanh sang tao.
Tac gia Nguyen Van Le va edng su da xay dung khungnangbJCchongudnnhan^GDTKT.nadmg nhari manh den tieu chi thuc hanh nghe nghlpp (2).
GliO
C4 quyin tmc nt Ug Ol pMI Irtfn
AK nghl n(MD U* >*" i^c <« M •« CO
Scr ( t l Witno fdnp t c cte ngudn nMn ^ GO TKT
* TmOBj Cao dai{ » pham Tning mug
-(kil-4/2013)
2. Bien phap tang c u d n g nang luc cho nguon nhan luc can thiep GD sdm TKT
1) Dao tao dgi ngu GVed ehuyen m dn nghiip vu vecan thiep GD sdm TKT. Dao tao n h i m trang bj kien thtic va kT nang n g h l nghiep chuyen mdn thupc ITnh vuc can thiep G D sdm TKT n h i m dam bao c o s o G D c d d i i dpi ngii GV dap ting dupe nhu cau thuc tien can thiep GD sdm TKT tai dia phuong.
Van dedaotaoddinguGVcdchuyen mdn, nghiep vy ve can thiep GD sdm TKT de cd the dap ung duqc nhu c i u thuc tien cda dja phuong can ed st/
ket hpp chat che giua co sd dao tao va dja phuong cd nhu c i u ve ngudn nhan lUc dupe dao tao ve can thiep GD sdm TKT.
Od'i vdl CO sddao tao chu trpng xay dung chupng trinh dap dng dupc yeu cau ve chuan nghe nghiep ehung ve Klin thuc nghenghiep, Thue hanh nghe nghiep, Gia tri nghe nghiep, Quan he nghe nghiipde ngudi dupc dao tao cd su hieu biet sau s i c va chic chin ve can thiep GD sdm TKT va cd the lam chu dupc kien thdc, kT nang de van dung sang tao vao thi/c tiln can thl?p GD sdm TKT.
odi vdi dja phuong cd nhu eau sti dung ngudn nhan tuc can thipp GD sdm TKT va nhiing ngudi cd nhu cau dupc dao tao ve can thiep G D sdm TKT can xac djnh rd nhu eau hien tai va du bao nhu eau nhan luc can dupc dao tao trong tuong lai de cd ke hoach tham gia dao tao hoae tai dao tao nguon nhan luc cho c a n t h i l p G D s d m T K T .
2) Bo) dudng dgi ngd vecan thiep GD sdm r/fr.Boidudnglahoatdpng n h i m bd'sung,cap nhat ki§'n thdc, kT nSng chuyen mdn cho dpi ngu ve can thi?p GD sdm TKT khi ma nhung kien thtic, kTnang dupc dao tao ta/dc day khdng dii dethuc hien cd hieu qua hoat dpng chuyen mdn, nghiep vy eham sdc, can thipp va GD TKT trong nha tn/dng.
Bdi dudng dpi ngu can thyc hien cac blen phap, g6m: 1) Xac dinh npi dung kien thde, kT nang ey ^ e c i n b a dudng; 2) Lua ehpn thdi gian, hinh thdc vadja di§'m bdi dudng; 3) Lua chpn ddi tupng bdi durnig.
V i ^ bdidudng dpi ngii dUdc td'chdc va thuc hien mot each het sdc phong phu va linh boat ca ve ndi dung lin hinh thdc.
Theo trinh tu ket eau npi dung, cac chuyen de boi dudng can dupc b i t dau td cae van de dai euong ve
(ki 1-4/2013)-
can Uiiep G D s t ^ TKT, den ndi dung cua cae chuyen de cho cac ddi tupng tre cy the; di tdviec trang bj kien thdc den viec cae ddi tupng dupc boi dudng cd du kT nang can thiep GD sdm TKT thupe vj tri cdng viec minh phy trach. Yeu cau cy the cho moi chuyen de boi dudng phai dam bao sau khi tham gia bdi dudng, GVed hieu biet ve tre, cd kTnang danh gia nhu cau va kha nang eiia tre, cd kT nang thiet ke va td'chdc hoat ddng can thiep GD sdm TKT, kTnang lap kehoach GD ca nhan, tham gia vao cac hoatdpng trong cdng ddng nham hpp tae, chia se kinh nghiem vecan thiep GD sdm TKT cung nhu thuc hien chde nang tu van, hd trp gia dinh trong can thiep GD sdm TKT.
3) Da dang hda nang It/c dap ung dich VIJ can thiep GD sdm TKT cua G V thdng qua hoatdgng hgp tac va chia se vdi cac nha chuyen mdn. Oa dang hda nang tuc dap ung dich vu can thiep GD sdm TKT ctia G V n h i m dam bao kha nang giai quyet cac van de da dang, lien nganh trong can thiep sdm GD TKT dong thdi dap ting dupc cae nhu cau thuc tiln ve djeh vy can thiep sdm G D TKT hien nay.
Dap dng nhu cau can thiep GD sdm TKT, can tang eudng chii trpng t(^ tam quan trpng eua GV chuyen bietdedam bao ring hoedthetham gia vao cac boat ddng vdi tinh chuyen mdn eao hon va cd thede dang tiep can, tao thuan Ipi cho cac gia dinh trong su phdi hpp hudng d i n gia dinh true tiep can thiep cho tre.
Tang cudng suphd'i hpp giua GV chuyen biet va nhdm phdi ht/p (bao gdm cac nhachuydn mdn khac nhu bae sT, ehuyen gia tam li, GV hda nhap. gia dinh tre,..) de mdica nhan c d s u chia se trach nhiem va kien thdc chuyen mon trong qua trinh can thiep TKT. Thong qua cae blen phap ehuyen giao chdc nang eung nhu nang lue phd'i hc^ giiia cac thanh vien, GV cd the n i m b i t dupe npi dung, phuong thdc can thiep hd trp tdnhung ngudi khac. tren co sd dd GV cd du nang luc de can thiep va tu van phu huynh ve G D TKT. Blen phap nay ehi cd the thanh cdng tren c o s d tang cudng chti taang tdt hoat dpng hpp tac eua nhdm can thiep va nhiing kT nang can thiet cho viec thuc hien chdc nang va chia se thong tin ctia nhdm.
S.Oieu kien thuc hien bien phap tSng cuong nang luc cho nguon nhan luc can thiep GD som TKT
Dethuc hien cac bien phap tren, cac CO s d G D ,
Tap chi Gido due so 307 | 31
lanh dao cac dia phuong, eae co sd dao tao can tinh den va dam bao thue hien cac dieu kien co ban sau:
1} Can lap quy hoach phat trien dgingu\huqc finh vuc, dam bao duve sd'lupng, dap ung yeu cau ve chat lupng va phu hpp ve eo cau. Quy hoach nay duoc dua tren mpt du bao nhu cau nguon nhan luc eua tinh vuc trong it nha't khoang thdi gian la 5 nam ddi vdi eo sdGD cua minh. Tren co sd dd, mdi eo sd se xae djnh dupc so' tuong dpi ngu can dao tao, sd' tupng can bdi duwig va sd lupng can bd' sung theo phuong thdc tao nguon.
2) Di/bao nguon nhan /uc thupc ITnh vuc dupc dya tren xu hudng ve TKT va cac dang TKT thupc dja ban, pham viquan li hay dap dng ctia c o s d G D . Tuy theo tdng thcri ki hay giai doan, sd tupng va cac dgng khuyet tat cd nhung bien ddi nhat dmh. Vi vay, cac sd lieu du bao chinh xac tdng dang TKT thupc pham vi se la co sd dam bao dap dng nhu cau ve co cau daotao.bdidudngeungnhuvlec sddyng ketqua daotao, bdi dudng sau nay mdt each cd hieu qua nhat cua cosd.
3) Bin canh chinh sach dao tao, bdi dudng, cac casdGD can van dung va van dung sang tao nhung quy dinh cua Nha nude, cua nganh va cua dja phuang trong viec tao ddng It/c hpc tap, phan dau khdng ngting nang cao trinh dp, kien thuc vakTnang nghe nghipp.Dieu nay lien quan ta/c tiep den viec thuc hien cae ehinh saeh uu dai theo quy dinh hoae cung vdi cac chinh sach uu dai khac eiia dja phuong va co so G D ddi vdi can bp, G V dupc cd di dao tao, boi dudng. Tao mdi ta/dng khdng chi trong lam viec ma mdi tardng ehinh saeh la mpttrong each thue tao ddng tuc cho dpi ngu tu nang cao nang lue, dap iing ngay cang tdt hon yeu cau ctia cdng viee.
4) Cac casdGD can quan tam din viec dau tueasdvatchai,trangthiiibl,phuangiien,chuqng trinh, tailleu GD. day hpc, can thiep de khdng chi tao dieu kien cho dpi ngu cd co hdi dupc ap dung kien th tic, kinSng da dupc dao tao, boi dudng vao thuc tien ma quan trpng hon, TKT se dupe hudng ttJi nhieu nhat tii ket qua sau dao tao, boi dudng.
Can thiep GD sdm TKT la nen tang vung c h i c
giup TKT cd co hpi phat trien tdt va sdm hda nhap cdng dong. Tuy nhien, den nay, thuc hien can thiep sdm GD T K T d Vie! Nam cdn gap rat nhieu khdkhan, dae biet la vain de dam bao ddi ngu G V ed chait luong eho can thiep GD sdm TKT. Dethuc hien duoc dieu nay, ddi hdi suquan tam va trach nhiem cao cua nhung ngudi lam cdng tac GD trong viec thuc day mdt moi ta/dng quan tam den chat tupng chuyen mdn dpi ngu va kha nang ung dyng ehuyen mdn vao can thiep GD sdm TKT. Thue day cae bien phap tang cucffig nang luc cho dpi ngu GV can thiep sdm GD TKT la chia khda dedam bao ehat tupng can thiep GD sdm TKT d Viet Nam. Q
(1) B6 GD-DT. Bdo cao khdo sdt thuc irgng gido difc tre khuyit tdt & Viii Nam. H. 2005.
(2) Nguyen Van Le. Tdng cud/ng ndng ly-c cho ngudn nhdn iuc can ihiip sdm gido diic tri khuyet ti^t Viit Nam. D& tki c^p n h i nucJc theo Chirong trinh Nghi djnh t h u g i t t a V i e t N a m vJiUc, 2012.
Tai li§u t h a m k h a o
1. Nguyfin Xuan Hai. "Can thi0p s6m cho Ire ch^m phai Iri^n tri iu$". Tgp chi Gido dye, sO' 122 ih^ng 9/2005, (122). tr. 36-37.
2. Nguyen Due Mmh. Xdy dung chuong trinh bSi du&ng kl ndng ddc thu cho gido viin dgy cdc nhdm tri khuyet Idl. B2006-37-24.
3. D. Connop - B. Glover - J. McCaig - G. White - A, Wilby. Early Intervention For Infants and Young Children With Severe Visual Impairment - A need for specialist Intervention: A Rationale. Royal Victorian Institute for Ihe Blind, Burwood, Australia.
SUIWMARY
Solutions to improve teacher's capacity of Early Education IntevenUon for Chldren with Disabilities in Preschools
Based on the approach towards the capacity frame of human resource for Chldren with DisabiUUes'Edu- cation, the article mentions to solutions to Improve teacher's capacity of early education IntevenUon for chldren with disabilities In preschools through training and diversification of capacity to meet early interventi'on services for children with disabilities of teachers. The article also identifies four key condi- tions to assure the implementation of solutions effec- tively as Human resource development planning: Hu- man resource forecasting: Applying policies flexibly in tramings: and focusing on more investment on facili- ties, equipments, curriculums, syllabus of early edu- cation IntevenUon for chldren with disabilities.
