SAN XUAT SAN PHAM BO SUNG GIAU PROTEIN VI CHAT DINH D U Q N G CHO TRE EM
Do Bdo Hoa',Gidp Vdn Hd ^
Vai tro cua protein va cac vi chat dinh dudng trong khau phan eiia tre la khong the thieu, no CO y nghTa dac biet quan trong cho qua trinh tang trudng va phat trien ciia tre. Chat lugng dinh dudng trong khau phan ciia ngudi dan viing ngheo kem hon rat nhieu so vdi cac viing thanh thi[6].
Muc tieu Clia nghien eiru nay nham dua ra mot loai san pham c6 kha nang cung cap dugc nhu cau va cac vi chat can thiet hang ngay cho tre vdi gia thanh re, dudi dang goi nho, c6 the bo sung vao thiic an hang ngay cua tre vdi muc dich cai thien chat lugng dinh dudng va phdng chong thieu hut vi chat dinh dudng ket qua:
Xay dung dugc cdng thiic ciia san pham bd sung dam va vi chat dinh dudng cho tre em, dap ling dugc mgt phan nhu cau khuyen nghi dinh dudng cho lira tuoi nay ve vitamin, khoang chat va protein hoan thien quy trinh san xuat san pham com bo sung protein va vi chat dinh dudng.
Tir khoa: sdn phdm bo sung protein - vi chdt dinh dudng.
I. DAT VAN DE
Sy chSnh lech vS muc sdng va trinh do dan tri giira khu vyc ndng thdn va thanh thj dan tdi sy chSnh lech ve chat lugng dinh dudng. Ti IS tre em dudi 5 tudi bi suy dinh dudng do thiSu protein va vi chat dinh dudng d khu vyc ndng thdn nhieu ban nhiSu so vdi khu vuc thanh phd.[6,9]
De cai thien tinh trang dinh dudng cua tre em, nhat la tre em tai -viing ndng thdn va nhung khu vyc khd khan, cln phat triSn mgt san pham bd sung cd the cung cap them ngudn protein va cac vitamin - khoang chat can thiet cho sy phat triSn trong giai doan dau ddi ciia tre.
Muc tieu nghien ciru:
1. Nghien cuu xay dyng cdng thuc cho san pham bd sung protein - vi chat dinh dudng cho tre.
2. Xac djnh cac thdng sd kT thuat va dua ra quy trinh cdng nghe san xuat san pham va hoan thien quy trinh san xuat nay.
3. Danh gia sy chap nhan san pham ctia cdng ddng.
II. VAT LIEU VA QUY TRINH SAN XUAT
Day la ddng thyc pham bd sung, cd the dung tryc tiSp hoac sti dyng kem vdi cac thyc phara thdng thudng khac nhu chao hay bdt. Ddi tugng sii dyng tryc tiSp san
Ths, KS - Vien Dinh duoTig KS - Vien Dinh duong
phara la trS nhd tu 6-12 thang tudi, vdi myc dich cung cap protein va vi chat dinh dudng ( cac vitamin va khoang chat) cho nhu cau hang ngay, nham cai thien tinh trang dinh dudng.
/.. Yeu cdu cdng nghe ciia sdn phdm - Lya chgn san xuat san pham dudi dang cdm hat nhd, cd do truang nd tdt va cd gia trj dinh dudng cao. Khi bd sung vao trong bat chao hoac bat bdt, hat cdm se truang nd va mSm ra.
-Xac djnh ham lugng vi khoang ngay sau khi san xuat va theo ddi do dn djnh ciia cac vi khoang va cac thanh phan dinh dudng khac sau 3, 6 thang bao quan d nhiet do mdi trudng
2. Lua chpn nguyen lieu a. Nguyen lieu cung cap dam
Nguyen lieu chinh dugc lya chgn dS cung cap protein la dam dau tuang thu dugc tu hat dau tuang. Dau tuang la loai hat giau protein, ngudn protein trong dau tuong thudng dugc che bien thanh ba dang san pham giau protein: bgt dau tuong, dich dau tuang cd dac va dang pro- tein tinh sach (isolate soy protein - sau
day dugc ggi tat la ISP).
ISP la mdt dang rat tinh sach hoac tinh khiSt ciia protein dau tuang vdi ham lugng protein tdi thiSu la 90%, so vdi chat khd, thu dugc tii bgt dau tuang da tach beo, va da loai bd hau hSt cac thanh phan khdng protein, cac chat beo va caebon hy- drat. Do dd ISP cd mui trung tinh (khdng rd ret) va it sinh khi hu do sy day hai tao bdi vi khuan.
ISP thudng dugc su dyng trong cdng nghiep thyc pham de tang cudng va cai thien tinh ket cau, cau tnie ciia cac san pham thjt cdng nhu dugc diing dS tang cudng, bd sung ham lugng protein , lam tang gia trj dinh dudng ciia san pham.
Dya tren phuang phap cho diSm axit amin hieu chinh theo kha nang tieu hda Clia protein PDCAAS (Protein Dige- stibility Corrected Amino Acid Score) ciia Vien ban iam qudc gia My (National Aca- demy of Sciences) ISP cd diSm la 1, ciing gidng nhu protein ciia tning ga va thit [ 1 ], [2].Han thS niia cac protein trong ISP cting cd day dii cac acid amin khdng the thay the, vdi ham lucmg va ti IS can ddi so vdi nhu cau ciia tre [2,5]
Bang 1: Thanh phan cac acid amin khong the thay the trong ISP so voi casein va nhu cau ciia tre nho
Axit amin khong thay the Nhu cau cua tre (2-5 yrs)
Casein Soypro 670 Soypro 960
Arginine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine
Methionine and cystine Phenylalanine and tyrosine Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine '
„
19 28 66 58 25 63 34 11 35
37 32 54 95 85
35 111
• 4 2 '• •'
14 63
67 23 43 72 58 22 79 33 12 44
71 24 38 69 57 23 78 , 32
9 40
Khi so sanh cac thanh phan acid amin ctia hai loai nguySn lieu vdi cac acid amin cd trong casein va theo nhu cau ciia tre tu- 2 - 5 tudi cho thay hau hSt cac thanh phan acid amin ciia ISP tuang ddi phii hgp vdi nhu cau ciia tre va tuang ty nhu Clia casein. Nhu vay, cac axit amin cd trong nguySn lieu ISP tuong ddi hai hoa, diSu nay cho thay chat lugng protein trong ISP la loai protein de hap thu.
Hien nay trSn thj trudng dang cd hai loai ISP do la : Soypro 670 ciia My, cd gia llO.OOOd/kg va Soypro 960 ciia Trung
960, thudng phai nhap vdi sd lugng ldn, do dd dS phu hgp vdi quy trinh san xuat nhd nhdra thyc hien dS tai da quyet djnh chgn Soypro 670 ciia My la ngudn cung cap protein trong san phara bd sung pro- tein - vi chat dinh dudng.
b. Nguon vitamin va khoang chat (vi chat dinh duong)
Cac chat khoang va vitamin dugc lya chgn bd sung vao san phara dudi dang che pham premix hoan thien, do hang For- titech - Dan Mach cung cap. Premix nay cd thanh phan nhu sau:
Qudc, cd gia 40.000d/kg. Nhung Soypro
Bdng 2: Thanh phan premix (trong 250mg premix)
Stt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Thanh phan Vitamin B1 Vitamin A Vitamin D3 Vitamin E Folic accid Niacin Vitamin B12
Vitamin 82 Vitamin B6 Vitamin C Dong lot
sat
Mg Mn Selen Kem Maltodextrin
DVT
mg lU lU lU meg
mg meg
mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg meg
mg
Ham Chi so kiem lirong djnh chat lirang
0,194 1470 97,2 17 37 4,25 0,45 0,22 0,224 23,4 0,175 0,187 23,7 26 0,316 15 7,2 Q.S
U S P - FCC U S P - FCC USP- FCC U S P - FCC U S P - FCC
USP USP USP U S P - FCC
USP U S P - FCC U S P - FCC U S P - FCC
USP U S P - FCC
USP
ChS pham premix trSn la hon hgp Clia 17 vitamin va khoang chat, trong dd dac biet cd cac vitamin va khoang chat quan trgng nhu vitamin A, vitamin B1 ,vi- tamin C, sat, kem,va selen. San pham
ngoai muc tieu phdng ngiia suy dinh dudng, cdn chii trgng dSn giam ti IS tre thieu mau do thiSu sat, do dd ham lugng sat trong cdng thuc nay cao han so vdi thdng thudng. Ngoai ra trong cdng thuc cdn cd chua selen, mdt chat cilng vdi vi- tamin E hd trg te bao chdng lai cac tac nhan oxy hda .
3. Quy trinh sdn xudt a. Cong thirc phoi tron
Sau khi lya chgn dugc cac nguyen lieu chinh trong san pham, se tiSn hanh nghiSn cuu cdng thiic phdi trdn nguyen lieu chinh vdi cac nguySn lieu phu khac de dua ra dugc san pham cdm cd chat lugng cam quan tdt nhat. Thdng qua danh gia cam quan tung cdng thuc se lya chon cdng thuc cd tinh kha thi nhat.
Cdng thuc phdi trgn dugc xay dyng dya tren cac ca sd khoa hgc:
• Dya vao khuySn nghj ve vitamin va cac chat khoang trong khau phan ciia tre tu 6 - 12 thang tiidi (WHO/FAO 2002)
• Theo quySt djnh 6289/2003 - QD/B YT Clia Bd Y te quy djnh bd sung vi chit dinh dudng vao thyc phim. Viec thuc
hien nghiSn cuu de tim ra cdng thiic phdi trdn nguySn lieu tap trung giai quySt 2 van dS:
• Cac loai nguyen lieu thara gia trong cdng thuc phdi trdn, tiic la nghiSn ciim thyc dan phdi trdn bao gdra cac thanh phan nao?
• Cac thanh phan thara gia phdi trdn cdng thuc phai an toan ddi vdi trS nhd
• Hara lugng cac chat thara gia trong
thyc dan.
• San phara cd mau sac, miii vj ty nhien, khdng lam anh hudng den miii vi ciia bat chao hoac bdt ty nau ciia tre.
Tien hanh thu nghiem phdi trdn hai thanh phan nguySn lieu chinh la ISP va premix (vitamin va khoang chat) vdi mgt sd loai nguySn lieu phu khac nhau,
Bdng 3: Thanh phan cac nguyen lieu trong cong thiic phoi tron:
Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Dam dau Premix Glucose Lactose CaC03 Gelatin
Thanh phan tuong ISP
Mau thuc pham H 2 0
Hirong th
• *
uc pham
Tinh nang Cung cap protein
Cung cap cac vitamin va muoi khoang can thiet Ta duac, chat don.
Ta dugc
Cung cap calci, tang kha nang hoa tan
Tang kha nang ket dinh trong qua trinh tao com Tao mau cho san pham
Tao dung dich ho gelatin Tao mui cho san pham
^
Tir cac loai nguyen lieu tren, tien hanh phdi trdn mdt lugng cd djnh hai nguyen lieu chinh ISP va premix vdi lugng cac nguySn lieu phu khac nhau dS dua ra cdng thuc phdi trdn.
Thdng qua danh gia cam quan theo phuang phap cho diSm thj hiSu vdi hdi ddng thu chuySn nghiep, dya tren cac tieu chi: mau sac san pham, miii vj, do truang nd Clia san pham trong cac thtic an thdng thudng Clia tre (bdt, chao). Sau khi tdng hgp kSt qua danh gia cam quan chiing tdi da chgn cdng thiic theo cac chi tieu sau:
- Hat cdm dep va ddng deu vS ngoai hinh.
- Huong vj ngon, phu hgp khi bd sung vao thuc an cho tre
- Thdi gian say cdm ngan ban so
vdi cac cdng thuc khac de do do da tiSt kiem dugc nhiSn lieu
Bang 4: Cong thijc phoi tron Stt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Thanh phan
Dam dau tuong ISP Premix
Glucose Lactose CaC03 Gelatin MauElOl Mau El60 Huong ga Huong lgn
Ti le % CTl 50,0 0,88 21,5 20,0 0,5 7,0 0,02
0,1
33
b. Quy trinh cong nghe san xuat san phSm:
Nguyen lieu
Huang lieu,
gia vi... Dinh lucmg Premix
Tr6n cSp 1 T = lOphul
Ban Ihanh pham
Gelatin, Glucose, Lactose...
Dinh lugng
TrOn c^p 2 T = lOphul W = 53 - 55%
Xat cdm () = 2mm
T Sa'yi
= 50 Tg =
:dm - 6()°C
13h
Dong gdi
Thanh pham
c. Anh hudng ciia cac yeu to cong nghe den chat lugng san pham:
Ti IS hd gelatin: Lugng hd gelatin anh hudng nhiSu dSn chat lugng hat cdm.
NSu it hd, hat cdm se nhd, do kSt dinh giira cac thanh phan nguySn lieu khdng cao. NSu nhiSu hd qua, lam tang do am Clia hdn hgp, phai tang thdi gian say san pham. Lya chgn ti IS hd gelatin thich hgp la tu 85 -OOg trSn 100 g hdn hgp
Nhiet do va thdi gian say: Lya chgn say cdm theo phuang phap say ddi luu.
San pham se dugc lam khd nhd tac nhan say la khdng khi ndng luu thdng trong Id.
Vi trong san pham cd chiia hdn hgp vita- rain, do dd nhiet do say can dugc diSu chinh phu hgp dS giam thieu sy mat mat vitamin trong qua trinh san xuat.
III. KET QUA
Sau khi hoan thien cdng thuc, san xuat thii nghiSm trSn quy md nhd, tien hanh kiSm nghiem chat lugng dinh dudng Clia san pham dya tren ham lugng cac vitamin va khoang chat
Bang 6: Thanh phan dinh du-ffng cua san pham sau san xuat (trong 240g) Stt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Thanh phan Protein Vitamin B1 Vitamin A Vitamin C
sat
Kem Canxi
DVT
% mg
lU mg mg mg mg
Ham lu-ffng*
(mg) 43,2 0,03 366,30
1,73 10,13
3,55 142
RDA (1-3 T)
25 0,5 1212,1
30 13 8,4 500
% RDA theo thu-c te
17,28 6,6 30,2
5,8 77,9 42,3 28.4
Vo RDA theo tinh toan
17.28 18.6 58.2 34.0 87.5 41.1 30.0
• ket qud kiem nghiem tgi Vien kiem nghiem thuc phdm -Bo Y te
Qua ket qua kiem nghiem tren thay cd sy syt giam ham lugng ciia mdt sd vi- tamin nhu vitamin Bl va vitamin C. Day la 2 loai vitamin rat nhay cam vdi nhiet do, lugng hao hut nhieu ban, Tuy nhien lugng vitamin B1 cdn lai trong san pham van dap ling dugc 6,6%, nhu cau khuyen nghj (RDA- Recommen daily intake) ciia tre tu 1-3 tudi. Lugng vitamin C cdn lai trong san pham van dap ung dugc 5,8%, nhu cau khuyen nghj cua tre tu 1-3 tudi.
So vdi nhu cau khuyen nghj theo FAO/WHO 2002)
Bang 7: Ket qua kiem tra vi sinh cua san pham
Stt Chi tieu 1 Tong so VSV hieu khi 2 Tong so Coliforms 3 E.coli
4 S.aureus 5 B.cereus 6 Tong so bao tii
N M - N M 7 Salmonella
DVT CFU/g MPN/g MPN/g CFU/g CFU/g CFU/g
/25g
Ket qua 1 X 10 KPH KPH KPH KPH 2 x 10
KPH
(kit qud kiem nghiem tgi Vien kiem nghiem thuc phdm - Bo Y te)
Qua phan tich cho thay cac chi tiSu vi sinh dSu dat tiSu chuan theo quy djnh ctia Bg Y te vdi thuc an cho trS nhd.
Sau khi san xuat thii nghiSm, san pham
dugc luu mau dS xac dinh do dn djnh ciia san pham qua thdi gian bao quan. Dudi day la bang tdng hgp kSt qua kiSm nghiera:
Bang 8: Tong hop ket qua kiem tra thanh phan dinh duong ciia com bo sung protein - vi ch2t dinh dir&ng theo thoi gian bao quan:
Stt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Thanh phan
Protein Vitamin B1
Vitamin A Vitamin C
s4t
Kem Canxi
DVT
% mg
lU mg mg mg mg
Ham Ngay sau sx
43,2 0,03 366,30
1,73 10,13 3,55 142.0
liro-ng theo thffi gian 3 thang
42,1 0,02 .. 300,0
1,52 9,52 3,21 128.0
bao quan 6 thang
40,1 0,02 266,0
1,39
" 8,21 2,95 124.0
Co giam ham lugng vitamin trong san pham theo thdi gian bao quan.
Nhung sy syt giam nay van nam trong muc cho phep.
Trong khudn khd thyc hien de tai,da tiSn hanh danh gia sy chap nhan ciia cdng ddng vdi san pham tai 4 xa My Phiic, My Hung, My Ha va My Trung thudc huyen My Ldc tinh Nara Djnh. Tdng sd ralu triSn khai trSn 4 xa la 299 trS rtr 6 - 1 2 thang tudi, cd stic khde binh thudng, khdng bj dj tat bam sinh va khdng thudc ddi tugng suy dinh dudng nang, trong dd xa My Phiic cd 74 tre. My Trung 61 tre, My Ha 84 tre va My Hung la 80 tre.
KSt qua danh gia sy chap nhan ciia san pham nhu sau:
Sau 1 thang triSn khai ty IS bd cude chung chiSm 28,8% trong dd bd cude sau tuan dau tiSn sii dyng la 16,1 %, sau 2 tuan sii- dyng la 5,7%,, va sau 3 tuan sir dyng la 7%o.
NguySn nhan bd cude dugc xac djnh do tre bj tiSu chay, ndn trd, hoac an kem chiSm ty IS 3,3%o (10 trudng hgp trSn tdng sd mau la 299 tre), 25,4%o tre khdng thich an hoac bd eudc khdng rd nguySn nhan.
BSn canh dd, sau mdt tuan dau tiSn sii dyng, lam quen vdi san pham 71,2%, tdng so doi Uigng thich iing dugc vdi san pham va thich sir dyng san phara nay.
I
Tv le %
uuvo -
8 0 % 1
60% i
40% H
1
20% -i
! 0 % t
24,3
62,2
irflfc
•
65,6
-0-0-
91,7
'8,3:
- 0 ' #
97,5
71,2
25,4
D So tre thich on D K o thfch
• So tre b| tieu chay, non tr6
My phuc IVIy trung My ha My Hung chung
Hinhl. Su- chap nhan san pham cua tre Trong thdi gian nghien cuu da dua ra
hudng dan sir dung san pham d y a trSn nhu cau dinh dudng ciia tung ddi tugng.
Ddi vdi tre nhd tu 7-24 thang tudi, sir dyng 1 gdi lOg/ngay,lugng protein va ci chat dap ling nhu cau theo F A O / W H O 2002 nhu sau
TT Thanh phan
DVT Khoi lucrng
roRDA
1 Protein g 4-5 19 2 Vitamin A lU 300- 400 2 3 - 3 0 ' 3 Vitamin Bl mg 0.02-0.03 4 - 5 4 Vitamin C mg 1.5-2.0 5-6.7 5 calci mg 10-15 2%
6 sat mg 6 - 9 54-69 7 kem mg 3.2-3.7 3 8 - 4 4
Ddi vdi tre trSn 2 tudi su dyng 2 gdi lOg/ngay.
N g u d i ldn : 2-4 gdi / ngay. : • ' IV. K E T L U A N - - - • . ' , • ' - : ^:=.. • ; • - ; - ; - : Sau thdi gian nghiSn cuu thyc hien dS tai, muc tiSu ngbiSn ciiu da dat dugc, cu thS nhu sau:
1. x a y dyng d u g c cdng thiic san pham bd sung dam va vi chat dinh dudng cho trS em, dap ung dugc mdt phan nhu cau khuyen nghj dinh dudng cho liia tudi nay vS vitamin, khoang chat va protein.
2. ThiSt lap va hoan thien d u g c quy trinh san xuat san pham cdm bd sung pro- tein va vi chat dinh dudng.
3. 71,2 % trS chap nhan san pham TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
1. Protein Quality-Report of Joint FAO'/WHO Expert Consultation, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 51,1991.
2. Schaafsma, G. (2000) 'The protein di- gesdbility-correeted amino acid score.
Journal of Nutrition 130, 1865S-1867S 3. FAOAVHO/UNU (1985). Expert consul-
tation. Energy and protein requirements.
Technical Report Series 724. World Health Organization, Geneva.
4. FAO/WHO (1991), "Protein Quality Evaluabon", Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Food and Agricul- ture Organization of the United Nadons, FAO Food and Nutridon Paper No. 51, Rome.
5. I.E. Liener; In Smith and Circle, editors;
"Nutritional Value of Food Protein Prod-
nets", "Soybeans: Chemistry and Tech- nology." PubHshed by The AVI Publish- ing Co. 1972. Westport,Connecticut.
Vien dinh dudng - Tong cue thong ke (2005), Tien trien ciia tinh trang dinh dudng tre em va ba me - Hieu qua ciia chuang trinh can thiep d Viet Nam giai doan 1994 - 2004, Nha xuSt ban thong ke Ha Npi.
TrSn iVlinh Tam, (1998), Cac qua trinh
cong nghe trong chS biSn nong san thuc pham, Nha xuit ban Nong nghiep TCVN 3215 - 79. "Cac phuong phap danh gia cam quan bang phuong phap cho diem diing trong thuc pham".
Bp y te, chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia;
10 nam chuong trinh muc tieu phong chong suy dinh dudng tre em d Viet Nam (1998-2008)
Summary
RESEARCH ON THE FINALIZED TECHNOLOGY IN PRODUCING FOOD FORTI- FIED WITH PROTEIN AND IMULTI-NUTRIENTS IN CHILDREN
The roles of protein and multi-nutrients in children diet are essential, particularly for their growth and development. Diet quality of mral people is remarkably poor compared to that of urban people. The objective of this research is to creat a product that can provide neccessary daily nutrient and multinutrients for children at low cost and in small packages, suplementing their daily diet ai- ming to the improvement of nutrition quality and prevention of micronutrient deficiencies.
The defined objectives of this reseach have been achieved, based on the following outcomes:
The recipe of this product has been completed, partially meeting nutrition recommended require- ments for the age group in vitamins, minerals and protein.
The technology process for producing food fortified with protein and multinuttrients has been de- veloped and completed.
Pricing for this product has also been calculated..
Keywords: children food, fortification, protein, micronutrients
HIEU QUA CUA BO S U N G SU'A CO PROBIOTIC VA PREBJOTIC DEN T I N H TRANG D I N H
D U G N G , N I J C E MKHUAN, MIEN DICH CUA TRE 18-36 THANG TUOI
Nguyen Xuan Ninh', Duffng Thi Tinh\ Ddng Trudng Duy', Phgm Thi Ngdn\
Nguyen Thanh Huffng^
Hieu qua cua uong sira "Gau 1 + Acdve Protection", giau prebiotic va probiotic (SYNBIO) dugc danh gia tren tre em liia tudi mlu giao (18-36 thang moi). Ket qua dugc so sanh vdi mpt loai sira khong c6 probiotic va prebiodc. Sau 5 thang u6ng siia, tre d nhdm SYNBIO co so lan mac benh va so ngay mac/dgt deu chay tmng binh (1,16± 0,51 ISn &2,74 ±1,45 ngay) thip hon c6 y nghia (p<0,05) so vdi nhom chiing (1,42± 0,55 lan, 3,26 ± 1,25 ngay). Tuomg Ur, nhom SYNBIO giam y nghia s6 dgt (p<0,01) mk benh viem dudng ho hap cap trung binh (2,3± 0,9 dgt) trong 5
PGS, TS - Vien Dinh dudng
