Anh hLPang cua ngiF^i di bo len SLF ILFU thong cua xe h a i va xe may
Effects of crossing pedestrians on the travel time of cars and motorcycles
Ngay nhan bai: 23/11/2014 Ngay sCra bai: 5/12/2014 Ngay chap nhan dang: 8/02/2015
T O M TAT:
Vach sang dd6ng trong giao thong thudng diigc thiet ke de ngiftsi di bo bang qua dddng an toan va it gay xao trgn len dong giao thong tren diidng. Tuy nhien, nhifiu ngifdi 6 Viet Nam van c6 thoi quen bang qua diidng t ^ eae vi tri khong co vach bang diidng do tam ly muon di tk dii6ng d^ din dich sdm nhat cd the. Hanh vi bang qua diidng nay anh hiidng khdng t6t d^n hi^u qua ciia ddng giao thong tren dudng. Bai vift nay tap tnmg phan tich si^ i n h hudng n^y trin khia canh xem xet sd tri hoan cua xe may va xe hcfi trong dong giao thong chinh. Kit q u i cua nghidn ciiu se la cO sd cho nha hoach dinh giao thong thanh phd dUa ra chinh sdch giao thong hap ly cung nhU nhOng giai phap han chi viec bang ngang dudng khong dung vi tri ciia ngUdi di bo.
Tii khda: ngUdi di bg, xe may, tri hoan ABSTRACT
Crosswalks are designed to help people cross the street safely and help the traffic operate properly. However, in Vietnam, people habitually cross at mid-block locations and there are not many crosswalks designed on streets, which imposes negative impacts on the traffic performance. This research focuses on estimating traffic delay caused by mid-block crossing pedestrians. The traffic delay (temporal effect) is estimated for the cases of motorcycles (nearly 70 percent of all vehicles) and cars under a certain traffic volume condition in a certain period of time. The results of the research will help the city planners and traffic engineers solve the current problems and predict the future problems relating to crossing pedestrians.
Keywords: crossing pedestrian, motorcycle, delay TS. Tran Vu Ttf
Giang vien, Bg mon Cong Trinh Giao Thong, Khoa Xay DUng & Cd hoc CTng Dung, TrUdng Dai Hoc SU Pham Ky Thuat Tp.HCM
Email: [email protected] Dien thoai: 0937.673.652 Ks. Than Tan Thai
Hgc vien cao hgc, Khoa ky thuat Xay dUng, TrUdng Dai Hoc Baeh Khoa - Dai Hgc Quoc Gia Tp.HCM
Email: [email protected] Dien thoai: 0915747977 Ths. Tran Thanh Mai
Nhan vien, Cong ty TNHH Daiwa House Vietnam Email: [email protected] Dien thoai: 098 798 6864
Tran Vu TuV Than Tan Thai, Tran Thanh Mai
1 . Gicfi t h i e u ,y Ngudi ky su thiet ke d o t h i thudng t h i A | ^
vach sang d u d n g cho ngudi fli bg tai cSc niit giao thong hoae nhung Vj t r i sang fludng d n thiet.Tuy nhien, 6 Viet Nam ngUdi di bo thifdng CO thoi quen bang qua fludng tai dc v< tri khong c6 vach sang dudng. Vj t r i sang di/dfng thudng nSm giCa flo^n dUdng, c i e h xa c^c vl tri nut giao t h o n g noi m& dc vach qua fluftng thudng fluoc thiet k^. HSnh vi qua flUdng t|i cac vi trf khong quy dinh xuSt phiit tCl \j do ngudi di d u d n g muon di tSt cho nhanh'd^
sang ben kia dUdng. Hanh vi qua dUdng nhU the nay x^y ra tham ehf khi dong xe tren difdng CO t6c 36 Idn, no anh hudng khdng nhCfng Siti an to&n giao thong mh cdn einh hudng flfinl"
do lUu t h o n g cua ddng xe tren dUdng.
quan den nhCfng nghien euU v^ the loai nhy,t mdt vai nghien cUu gan d i d d n g duoc chi^
Cd the ndi den la Schroeder (2008) da phuong phap dua tr&n heinh vi di d^nh giS!
tugng tac giUa ngudi di bd vi xe hoi tai v j | vach sang dUdng. Bai nghien cijfu n^y chi '•
trung vao hai ddi tUOng \h ngudi di b$ v^.
hoi, nhung v\ t r i nghidn cCfu H tai c i c vach sa dudng nen c6 nhOng han ehe nhat djnh v^ i khong gian nghien cUu Lien quan den nhOlig tac dong ciia ngudi * b o bang qua dudng len ddng giao thdng, Meneguzzer et al (2011j cung da nghien cUu sau s^c.Tuy nhien nghl£n cUu chi d i m g lai vi^c danh gid su tcic dgng d ^ ngudi di b g bang qua d u d n g len silvin hSnn cua eac vdng xuyen glao t h d n g . Lien quan din su tri hoan giao thdng trong ddng giao thong hoac nguyen nhSn gay trong ddng hdn hopxe hoi va xe may van khdng dugc de cap. Gao et al (2012) cung da nghidn cUu t o ^n dien vesi/
tuong tae giCla xe hoi va ngutli di bd trong l>t t h d n g giao thdng cung n h u nhijng dnh hufing cua no l^n sutri hoan thdi gian d i lai, tuy n h i ^ nhCfng nghign cCfu nJy xay dUng khdng xft den nhieu su 3nh hudng ciia xe m i y . Trudng h g p nghien cdu trong bai bdo nhy la cdc nga t u cung n h u Vi t r i xem xet la tai cdc vach sang
50;SSES[E(K^3 '
dudng. Tu et al (2013) cung ed nhCfng nghiSn ctfu m d phdng ve sutuong tae n h u t r g n , nhung chu yeu la danh eho s u t u o n g tdc cua xe hoi vh ngUdi di bd. Vj trf nghidn ciifu la tai cac vach sang dudng, cdn tai v[ tri khdng cd vach sang d u d n g van chua dugc quan tim d i i n g mile d Viet Nam, vj t r i xdy ra viec bang ngang d u d n g nay xdy ra d bat c d vi tri nao ngUcri di bd mudn. Oieu nay s^ gay khd khan nhi4u trong viec d u tinh, dU doan ddng giao thong trong dieu k\in Viet Nam. Do do, nghidn cdu cho viec anh hudng cOa ngudi di bg len sU luu thdng cda I xe mdy vh xe hoi cho trudng hop d Viet Nam la
can t h i ^ t 2 . M u c t i e u b^i b a o
Bdi bdo ndy nghifen cdu su tac ddng cua ngUdI dl bd bang qua dudng len ddng giao thdng trfen khia canh sU dnh hudng ve thdi gian di lai cua eae phuong tien trong ddng, Su 1 tri hoan nay duoc xem xet cho hai loai phuong I ti^n trong ddng giao thdng, dd \i xe may vh xe I hoi.
t 3. Thu t h a p so lieu
( Hoat ddng bdng qua dUdng ciia ngUdi dl I bd cung nhU nhu'ng Ung xU hdnh vi cOa ngUdi f idi xe khi bdt gdp ngudi qua dudng duoe ghi I lai bdi video camera duoc Idp d | t trfen tda nha i cao tting t^i khu vuc nghifen cdu. Video thu thdp il duoc sfe duoc phan tich qua ph^n mfem SEV i duoc p h i t trien bdi Dr. Minh8) vdi giao difen f phan tieh eho mdt vi tri nghifen cdu n h u trong II H i n h l .
Bij^^H
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« , - . « . - a « . i « . . i _ l - a - . . . Kinh 1 Siy dvng SEV d l thu thap SO lieu tai hi^nlfifcmgPhSn mfem SEV cd the cho phep ngUdi sU dung t ^ n dung video da quay de cd the phan tfch cdc hanh vi vd thude t i n h ciia ddng giao t h d n g n h u vdn tfic, luu lugng, ehuyen lan v.v...
Sd dyng phan mfem nhy, ngUdi sU d i j n g cd the' tua video di eho xe chay tdi hodc chay liil vdi mdt khodng t h d i gian t cho trude, ben canh dd, edc mdi lien he ve vj trf, van tdc cOa cde xe cd the dugc phdn tich dfe dang.
4 . Phdt t r i ^ n m d h l n h
Su dnh hudng Ifen t h d i gian d l lai gdy ra bdi ngUdi dl b d bdng qua dudng tde ddng len xe hoi vd xe may trong ddng giao thdng khde nhau do nhifng si/ khac nhau vfe kich thudc, dac tinh
^(<S
Hinh 2 Vi du dien hinh xe Hiay doi van toe khi bat gap ngifdi di bo qua dUcfng
(ngudi)
TUdng t u n h u vay, ddi vdi t n i d n g h g p xe may, sU dnh hudng len thdi gian d i lai cd the phan tich dudl s i i a n h h u d n g c u a cde yeu t d n h u lUu lugng ddng xe luc khdo sat, so ngudi trong nhdm di bd bang qua dudng, vdn toe xe, gidi tinh cua ngUdi lai xe, s6 ngUdi ngdi tren xe may:
i t = a l . V(, + aZQ + a3.N + a4.G + a5.P + a6 (2) Trong do
At: sU tri hodn ve thdi gian (s) v^: van tdc ban d i u cua xe (m/s) Q: Luu lUdng giao thdng cua ddng giao thdng khi ngUdl di bd bang qua dUdng (xe/h)
N: sd ngUdi trong nhdm bang qua dUdng (ngudi)
G: gidi tfnh ciia ngUdi lai xe P. sd ngudi ngoi trfen xe may (ngudi) Su tri hoan cd the tinh todn theo cdng thUc:
i t = t p - t O (3) t - ^ t - ^
' ° ^ v n ' ' ^ " v . (4) Kmh 3 Suanh hud^g ve thdi gian di lai
cda tUng loai xe. Trong bai nghien cUu nay, tac gid tien hdnh phdn tich tren hai loai xe do la xe mdy va xe hoi. Theo khdo sdt thUe, mdt khi ed ngUdi hoac n h d m ngudi bang ngang dUdng, xe trong ddng giao thdng se phdn Ung theo ba ki^u hanh vi di^n hinh nhusau.
Thd nhdt, se gidm tdc de chd trdnh ngudi di bg bdng qua dUdng. ThU hai la se tdng tdc de vugt Ifen trudc trdnh ngUdi qua dUdng va t h d ba la chuyen Idn (hudng di) dfe' tifen Ifen vd tranh ngudi di dUdng. Hdnh vi t h d ba lifen quan den chuyen lan dfe tranh ngudi qua dudng cd nhCfng nhan to phdc tap, nen se dugc bd qua trgng pham vi nghien cUu cua nghifen cdu nay.
Bdi nghien cdu tap trung ehu yeu va hai trUdng hgp dau tien do la giam tdc va tang tde de tranh ngUdi bdng qua dUdng Gia sd trong khoang thdi gian xudt hien xe trong man hlnh camera quan sdt (thi trudng dai khodng 35m dgc theo dudng), xe chuyen dgng vdi van tdc vo. Khi phat hien ra cd ngUdi di bd bang qua dUdng phia trUdc, xe se bi tri hoan mdt khoang thdi gian At (trudng hgp giam tdc) hodc se rut ngan mdt khodng thdi gian At (trUdng hgp tang tdc). Gid tri thdi gian dnh hudng a t t r o n g hai trudng hop duoc md td n h u trong Hinh 3
Su anh hudng len thdi gian di lai trong ddng giao thdng At dugc xem xet dudi dnh hudng cua nhung yeu t d nhU: luu luong ddng xe luc khao sdt, sd ngudi trong nhdm di bd bdng qua dudng, van tde xe, v.v... ddi vdi xe hoi, duoc bieu dien thdng qua ham nhU sau:
At = a l . v ^ + a2.Q + a3.N + a4 (1) Trong dd
At: sy tri hoan ve thdi gian (s) Vj,: van tdc ban dau eiia xe (m/s) Q: Luu lugng giao thdng eiia ddng giao thdng khi ngUdi di bd bang qua dudng (xe/h)
N: sd ngUdi trong nhdm bang qua dUdng
--^ ^
Trong dd, At:sUtri hoan(s)
t^. thdi gian d u dodn de xe ed thfe di trong quang dUdng S vdi van tdc khdng ddi vO (s)
t p : thdi gian thUc sU de xe dl trong quang dudng S (s)
V|j vdn tdc ban d i u ciia xe [m/s) S: khodng each dnh hudng eda xe (m) xj, yj: cdc hodnh do vd t u n g d d cua xe tai b u d n
Vf: la van tdc trung binh cua xe, dUoc tinh dUa tren qudng dUdng di dUoe [tUong Ung vdi ede tga d d (xj, y j ) , ( x j - l , y j - l ) trong t h d i gian la 0.5{s) Gid tri van tdc nay Suae lay trung binh di/a trfen k l l n do dat vdn tdc cua xe dd.
S. PhSn tich kfet qui
5.1 Thdnh phdn phuang tien giao thdng tgi vi tri nghiin curu
Bang each phdn tich ddng giao thdng tai vi tri nghifen edu, tac gid da tfnh dugc thanh phdn xe trong ddng giao thdng n h u d hinh 4.
Hinh 4Thanh phan xe co lifu thong tai vi tn nghien olu Theo do, xe mdy chifem tj Ife l d i da trong ddng giao thdng, Ifen den 73%, ke dfen la xe dap vdi ty le Id 15%. Xe hoi vd xe buyt chiem thdnh phan nhd trong tong so cac p h u o n g tifen, vdi
io.2oi5g@aEiiiaa|5i
con sd lan luot la 9% va 3%.
5.2 Si/trl hodn doi vdixe mdy Vdi tdng so mau t h u thdp la N=554 mau, bieu do phdn bd cua sy tri hoan thdi gian di lai cda xe may n h u sau:
Bdng 1 :Thdng sd Udc lugng cho trUdng hop xe may
•^Sv tri hoan Cs)^
Hlnh 6 Su phSn bo cua sif tri hoan (xe hoi)
s y dnh hudng Ifen t h d i gian di lai trong ddng giao thdng At(s) dudi dnh hudng cua cac t h d n g sd nhU sd ngudi ngdi trfen xe, gidi tfnh, sd ngUdi trong nhdm bang qua dUdng, van tdc xe mdy vd lUu lugng giao thdng cda ddng glao thdng chinh t h ^ hifen qua Bdng i
Theo kfet qud Udc Juong tham so, sd lugng ngUdi tren xe may (P), gidi tfnh (G) vd sd ngudi trong nhdm bdng qua dUdng la nhCfng nhdn t d dnh hudng manh len sU tri hoan thdi gian di lai cua xe mdy. Trong khi dd, vdn tdc ban dau cua xe may (vO) vd luu lugng ddng giao thdng luc thdi diem n h d m hanh khdeh bang qua dudng lai dnh hUdng khdng ddng k^. Difeu ndy hoan todn hgp ly khi md sU dnh hudng ciia lUc quan tfnh (khdi lugng tang khi sd luong ngUdl trfen xe mdy tdng) dnh hudng den sU an toan khi phdi thdng di nfe ngUdi qua dudng. Su dng x d eua ngUdI nam ldi xe cung khde hoan toan vdi tinh nhut nhac ciia nCf gidi khi difeu khien phuong tifen giao thdng. He sd R2 cd the khiing dmh m d hinh de xu^t Id tUOng ddi tdt, khi md 45% cda
Para.
Std. error Tvalue
P 0.22 0.01 13,3
G -0.15 0.013 -11.6
N 0.021 0.006 3 58
Vo (m/s) 0.01 0.003 3.44
Q(lO-^xe/m) -5.56
1.85 -3.01
Int -0.1 0.033 -33 R^=0.45
Jdng 2:Thdngsd Udc luong cho trudng hop xe hoi
Para.
Std error Tvalue
N -0.12
0 07 -1.62
v.(m/s) 0.05 0.02 3.23
Q(10-^xe/m) 30 6.25 4.76
Int. -0.05
0.15
•0.33
R'=0 53 ,.|^
p h u o n g sai cOa b i e n d d c lap c d t h e gidi t h i e h bdi md hinh.
5.3 Sutrl hoan Hdi vdi xe hel Vdi tdng s6 mau thu thdp Id N=41 mau, bleu do phdn bd ciia sU tri hoan thdi gian di lai cua xehoi nhusau:
Sudnh hudng len thdi gian di lai trong ddng giao thong At(s) dudi dnh hudng cua cde thdng sd nhu so ngUdi trong nhdm bang qua dudng, van toe xe mdy vd lUu lUOng giao thdng ciia ddng giao thdng chfnh thfe hien qua Bdng 2
TU ket qud u&e lucmg, rd rdng van tdc ban dau ciia xe vd sd ngudi trong n h d m dnh hudng Ifen sy tri hodn cda xe manh me. Oifeu nay la hoan toan hgp \j khi md luu lugng xe khdng nhieu lam, xe se thay ddi tde do nhanh va ddt ngot hon khi b i t gap ngudi qua dUdng.
6. Ket lufin
Nol dung nghifen eUu tdp trung vdo viec xdy dung md hinh dien td sUtri hoan thdi gian dl lai cua xe hoi va xe may khi cd ngudi dl bd qua dudng tai cdc vi trf khdng ed vach sang dudng trong dieu kifen giao thdng Viet Nam. Kfet qud cho thdy vdn tdc ddng xe (cd lien he mdt thiet vdi vdn tdc ban d i u ciia xe) cung n h u sd ngUcri trong nhdm qua dUdng Id nhOfng nhdn t d anh hudng den sU tri hodn thdi glan di lai eda xe.
V l n tdc ban d i u eiia xe hoi dnh hudng nhifeu dfen sU tri hodn thdi gian di chuyen hon so vdi vdn tdc ban ddu cua xe mdy dnh hUdng Ifen d d tri hodn ciia chfnh nd. Difeu nay ed the ket ludn fSng xe may Id phuong tifen rat de ludn laeh de d i m bdo rSng sU tri hoan tdi thi^u nhat. Chfnh dieu nay cd t h i gay ra tai nan trfen dUdng giUa xe may vdi xe khac hay xe mdy vdi ngudi di bd.
Mac dd bdi bao ehl ddng lai d vifec phan tfeh su dnh hudng ciia ngudi di bg Ifen ddng xe hoi, xe mdy d Viet Nam, nhUng kfet qua dat dUOc cua bdi bdo cd y nghTa ddc bifet quan trgng. Ket qud cht ra rdng viec ngUdi di bd bang qua dUdng dnh hudng den suchat luong vdntdi c u n g n h u v l n de an todn trong lUu thdng Nghifen cUu nay Id CO sd de cac nha quy hoach giao thdng cd edi nhin tdng qudt tron viec bd tri cac v[ trf bang qua dudng hop 1;^, hay viec bd tri edc rdo c h i n (con luong cUng) tai nhUng vi tri can thiet di nang cao c h i t iuong luu thdng cung nhUgidm thieu tai nan.Trong tUong lai g i n , nhUng nghien cdu
s l u hon lifen quan dfen sy dnh hUdng Ifen ddng giao t h d n g trfen khfa canh an toan glao thfing, hay lam gidm nang lUc thdng hdnh cCia dutt^
bdi ngUdi di b d nen duge nghifen ciiu dfe infi rdng gld^ han cda dfe tdi. Bfen canh dd, vifec phii t r i l n cac md hlnh md phdng eho hdnh vi bang qua dUcAig n h u tren cung Id mot chii de quan trong can dUoc quan tam trong thdi gian tiS,
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