Cdng trinh Khoa hgc
DIEN BIEN SA BOI DOAN LUONG SONG CAM, CANG HAI PHONG
NGUYEN VIET THANH NGUYEN ANH DAN
Khoa Cdng trinh
Trudng Dgi hgc Giao thdng Viin Idi
Tdm tdt: Tuyin ludng sdng Cam vdo cdng Hai Phdng duoc tinh tir kinh D'inh Vu den cang Hodng Diiu Ddy Id tuyin ludng huyil mgch trong mang Irn'ri ludng hdng hai Viit Nam vdi chiiu ddi 10.6km. chieu rdng ddy HOm. cao trinh ddy -5.5m (hi Hai dd) Sa hdi ludng sdng Cdm trung hinh khoang 258.608 m'/ndm. Do dd. viec ngo vet duy lu. duy Iri chudn tdc tuyin ludng ndy ludn nhdn duac su quan tdm ddc biet vd thuc hiin thudng xuyin vdi ldn sudt 5-6 Idn/ndm. Dua vdo sd liiu do dac dia hinh tir ndm 2010 den 2014. bdi bdo dd trinh bdy diin biin sa bdi ludng Idu .tdng Cdm. Ket qud cho thdy cudng do sa bdi chu yiu lap trung a dogn cgn tir Km41+800 din Km42+300 vd tir Km38+300 din Km39+000 tir thdng 3 den thdng 6 hdng ndm vdi cudng do sa bdi trung binh khodng 21 401 m''/ihdng. Nguyin nhdn ddn din .sa bdi ciing dugc thao ludn trong nghiin cuu ndy.
Abstract Cam River navigation channel departs from Dinh Vu channel to Hai Phong port, lis a lifeline of the network stream navigable channels Vietnam with 10.6km length, width of 80m, bottom elevation of-5.5m (Chart Datum) The back siltation volume of the Cam river navigation channel is 258.608 m'/year. Therefore, the dredging and maintalnce of the navigation channel parameters always gel the specialy concerning and regularly perform with five to six limes a year From topographic measurements from 2010 lo 2014. the paper presented the back silllation process in the Cam River navigation channel The results showed thai, the back sitllalion mainly focused in shallow passage from Km-ll + 800 lo Km-12 + 300 and Km38 + 300 lo Km39 + 000 from March to June annual with mlensily of 21.401 m'/month. The reason caused the hack siltalion is presented in this study
Key words. Cam River, navigation channel, back sUlalion. back siltalion intensity.
shallow segment
1. G I O I T H I E U
T u y i n ludng vao c a n g Hai P h d n g ndm trong dja phdn do thdnh phd Hai Phdng qudn ly, dai 42,8km tinh tir p h a o sd " 0 " den het ben sd 11 ciia khu ben H o a n g Dieu. Tir ngodi bien vao bao gdm cdc doan ludng Lach Huyen, kenh Ha N a m . doan Bach D a n g va doan ludng sdng C a m [1],
Doan ludng sdng Cdm d u g c tinh tir kenh Dinh Vu ( K m 3 2 + 2 0 0 ) d i n b i n sd 11 khu cang H o a n g Di6u ( K m 4 2 + 8 0 0 ) (Hinh 1). Doan Iir phao P52 d i n t h u o n g luu Cang Nam Hdi khoang lOOm cao dd day ludng dgt -6.6m (h? Hai Dd), doan ludng tir thirgng luu Cdng N a m Hai d i n Cang Hdi Phdng c a o d o day ludng dat -5.8m. Rieng chi cd mdt vai diem cgn n h u doan ludng vd
Tgp chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI S6 50 - 02/2016 3 5
Cong trinh Khoa hgc
viing quay Idu trudc cdng Thuy San cao dg phd bien tir -5.0m -=- -5.5m (HD) vd mdi taluy bien phdi khu quay chuyin hudng khu vyc phao P58, P60. khu vuc Vung Quay tau trudc Cdng Hai Phdng cd cao do tir -5.0m din -5.5m (HD).
Hinh I. Bd tri chung tuyen ludng vdo cdng Hdi Phdng
Nhung ndm gdn day, doan ludng sdng Cam thudng bi sa bdi trd Igi kha Irdm trgng. Hang ndm phdi liln hdnh ngo vet 5 din 6 ldn mdi dam bao duy trinh do sdu thill kl ciia ludng vd tieu tdn mdt Idn kinh phi ddu tu vao cdng tdc nao vet duy lu. Tren ca sd s6 lieu do dgc dja hinh doan Iu6ng tau sdng Cdm, bdi bao nay da nghien ciru dien biin sa bdi tir ndm 2010 din 2014.
2. PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
Nghien ciiru nay irng dung 27 sd lieu khao sat dja hinh bdng may do sdu hdi dm thyc hien tiJr ndm 2010 dSn 2014 de tinh toan khdi lugng vd phdn tich dien biin sa bdi ludng tau sdng Cdm [2,3].
Cudng dg sa bdi P theo timg thdng dugc tinh todn dua vao cdng thirc:
P = - ^ x l 0 0 0
AAT (1)
Trong do, P la cudng do sa bdi (mVthdng), V la khdi lugng biin cdt bdi Idng d ludng tdu (m^), A la di?n tich ludng tdu (m^) vd AT la thdi gian giira 2 ldn nao vet (thang). Dya vao sd Mdu cudng do sa bdi, irng dung phuang phdp hdi quy phi tuyin trong md dun Curver Fitting ciia Matlab tien hanh xdc dinh phucmg trinh hdi quy quan he giu^ cudng dg sa bdi theo thdi gian.
36 Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG V^N TAI So 50 - 0 2 / 2 0 1 6
{_ ong irtnn i^noa ngc 3. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Dien biin sa bdi hdng nam
Ndm 2010 da tiln hanh 6 dgt khdo sat do dac, kit qua tinh todn khdi Iirgng sa boi the hien tr§n Hinh 2 cho thdy, sa bdi vdi khdi lugng sa bdi chii yeu tap trung vao 6 thang cudi ndm vdi khdi lugng sa bdi ldn nhdt dat 63.410 m \ a o thdng 8/2010. Cudng do sa bdi trung binh nam la 23.471 mVthdng trong dd 6 thdng cudi nam dgt 37.422 mVthdng. Sa bdi mgnh trong ndm 2010 trimg vdi thdi ky miia lu kha manh diln ra d Ddng Bdc Bd.
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Hinli 2. Diin hiin sa bdi ludng sdng Cdm ndm 2010
Ndm 2011 cung tien hanh 6 dgt khdo sdt do dgc, kit qua cho thdy, vdi khdi lugng sa bdi chu yeu tap trung vdo 6 thdng giiJa ndm sau dd giam manh (Hinh 3). Khdi Iirgng sa bdi cao nhdt xdy ra vdo thang 6/2011 vdi khdi lugng sa bdi 82.248 m\ Cudng do sa bdi trung binh nam dat 28.704 mVthdng, trong dd 6 thdng giu'a nam dat 39.524 mVthang.
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Hinh 3. Diin hien .sa bdi ludng sdng Cdm ndm 2011
Nam 2012 da tien hdnh 5 dgt khao sat do dac. ket qua cho thay. khdi Iirgng sa bdi tdng cao trong 6 thang cudi ndm (Hinh 4). Khdi lugng sa bdi cao nhdt xay ra vao thang 9/2012 vdi khdi lugng sa bdi 75.233 m^ Cudng dg sa bdi trung binh nam dat 19.171 mVthang. trong dd 6 thang gi&a ndm dat 23.579 mVthang
Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 50 - 02/2016 37
Cdng trinh Khoa hgc
Htnh 4. Diin biin sa hdi ludng sdng Cdm ndm 2012
Nam 2013 ciJng tiln hanh 5 dgt khao sat do dac, kit qua cho thdy. khdi lugng sa bdi chi tap trung trong 6 thdng ddu nam, 6 thang cudi ndm sa bdi khdng dang ke (Hinh 5). Khdi lugng sa bdi cao nhdt xdy ra vao thang 6/2013 vdi khdi lugng sa bdi 99.190 m\ Cudng dd sa bdi trung binh ndm dgt 22.655 mVthang. trong dd 6 thang dau nam dat gdp ddi vdi 44.228 m Vthang.
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2/2013 4/2UI3 (,/2(Ji:> N,'ni3 1(1/2(11:5 12 : i i r .
Hinh 5. Dien biin sa bdi ludng .sdng Cdm ndm 2013
Ndm 2014 da tien hdnh 5 dgt khao sat do dgc. kit qud cho thdy. khdi lugng sa bdi dien ra tuong ddi phirc tgp, dgt nao vet thdng 3 vira ket thiic thi bj sa bdi ngay lap tire. Trong thang 8 vd thang 12 khdi lugng sa bdi tdng gdn gdp ddi cdc dgt ngo vet trudc dd (Hinh 5). Khoi lugng sa bdi cao nhdt xdy ra vdo thdng 8/2013 vdi khdi lugng sa bdi 49.253 m\ Cirdng do sa bdi trung binh ndm dgt 13.751 mVthang. Ddy Id nam cd sa bdi it nhat trong thdi kv nghien cuu.
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Hinh 6. Dien hiin sa hdi ludng .sdng Cdm ndm 2014
38 Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 50 - 02/2016
C 'dng Irinh Khoa hgc 3.2. Diln bien sa boi trong ndm
Cudng do sa bdi theo tirng thang trong ndm dugc tinh toan va thi hien tren Hinh 7 cho thdy, cudng do sa bdi dgt ldn nhdt trong thdi ky nghien ciru dat 63.410 mVthdng vao thdng 8/2010 do can bao Con son dien ra vao 12/07/2010 gay mira Idn. mdt lugng him cat tir cac nhdnh sdng dd ve gdy sa bdi ldn cho khu vyc ludng. Kit qud nay cung chi ro rdng. .sa bdi trong miia lu chinh vy d Miln Bac tir thdng 5 din thang 8 hdng ndm. Tren co sd sd lieu nay. da tiln hanh xac dinh phuang trinh hdi quy quan he giiJa cudng do sa bdi theo thdi gian. kit qua thu dugc quan he bdc 2 Id phii hgp nhdt, vdi he sd tuong quan R-= 0,81 (Hinh 7).
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H'inh 7. Dien biin s< • hdi Irong cdc ndm ludng .sdng Cam 3.3. Diln bien sa bdi theo l(hdng gian
Tir sd lieu do dgc cho thay, sa bdi ludng tau sdng Cdm chii yeu xuat hign o' 2 vi tri dd la, doan ludng tir Km41+800 din Km42+300 va tir Km38+300 din Km39+000 (1-linh 8). Ddc biet khu vyc vyc tir Km38+300 din Km39-i-000, cudng do sa bdi dien ra rdt manh dat 63.410 mVthdng.
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Hinh 8, V'l tri thuang xuyen xudt hien sa boi voi cui'mg do Idn doc llieo ludng Idu sdng (. 'dm Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 50 - 0 2 / 2 0 1 6 39
Cdng trinh Khoa hgc
Nguyen nhdn din den sa bdi chii yeu do ddng chdy miia tu mang bim cat ve. Tgi khu vyc tu Km41+800 din Km42+300 Id vung quay tau, nai ma khu vyc nude dugc md rgng de cho tau quay trd nen van tdc ddng chdy giam nhd Idm biin cat bdi Idng. Tgi khu vuc tir Km38+300 den Km39-F000 la doan ludng cong d nga ba sdng Cdm va sdng Rugt Lgn, tai day ddng chay bi chia tach do dd van toe gidm gay sa bdi ldn cho ludng tau.
4. KET LUAN
1. Diln biin sa bdi ludng sdng Cdm vao cdng Hai Phdng dd dugc phdn tich. Kit qua cho thdy sa bdi chii ylu tap trung chii ylu vao miia IQ chinh vu ttr thang 5 den thdng 8 hdng ndm.
2. Vj tri thudng xuyen xdy ra sa bdi tir Km41+800 din Km42+300 Id vung quay tdu, noi md khu vyc nude dugc md rgng dl cho tau quay trd nen van tdc ddng chay giam nhd ldm biin cdt bdi Idng.
3. Tai khu vuc tir Km38+300 din Km39+000 la dogn ludng cong d nga ba sdng Cdm va sdng Rugt Lgn, tgi ddy ddng chay bj chia tach do dd van tdc giam gay sa bdi Idn cho ludng tau.
Ngay nhan bai lan dau: 25/9/2015 Ngdy nhan bai sira: 27/11/2015 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 30/10/2015
Tai lieu tham khao
[I]. Nguyen Viet Thanh, Nguyen Anh Tuan. Back siltalion change m Ha Nam navigation channel, Hai Phong Pon, Vietnam, in Vietnam-Japan Workshop on Estuaries. Coasts and Rivers 2015,'N.T. Viet, Editor. 2015, Constmction Publishing House: Hoi An, Quang Nam, Vietnam, p 278-283.
[2). CMB. Bdo cdo cudiky- Phuang dn thi diem lua chgn nhd thdu tbirc hien dudn ngo vet duy tu tuyen ludng hdng hai Hat Phdng vd Viing Tdu-Sdi Gdn theo co chi ddu Ihdu rgng rdi vdi hop dong Iron gdi 2014, Cong ty C6 phSn tU v^ XDCT Hang hai: Ha Npi
[3], Thanh, N.V., De muc "Tinh todn khdi lugng sa hdi trong khodng Ihdi gian giira cdc ldn khdo sdi trong ndm", thuQC de tai "Nghiin cuu. xdy dung cdc tieu chi phuc vu cdng tdc khao sdt. ra thdng bdo hdng hai cde tuyen ludng khu vgc phia Bdc" D%ta] cap Bp nam 2015, Cue Hang hai Viet Nam.
Phan bien: TS. Nguyen Thi Bach Du-ong; TS. Nguyin Thanh Trung.
4 0 Tgp chi K H O A H O C G I A O T H O N G VAN TAI So 50 - 02/2016
