KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE •
Nghien cuTu, tong hofp ket qua dieu tra cor ban
ve dja chat khoang san phuc vu xay dUng chien luofc, chinh sach ve tai nguyen khoang san
V? bao ton di san dia chat
Tai nguyen khoang san la nguon luc quan trpng de cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa dat nudc, la nguyen lieu cho rat nhieu nganh kinh te nhu san xuat nang luang, vat lieu xay dung, cac kim loai, cac khoang chat cong nghiep phuc vu cong nghiep va nong nghiep.
ThS. Ll/U Lfe Hi/tfNG nguyin khoing sin va bio tdn di sin dia chit".
Ban quin ly Tat nguy§n yk Oa dang sinh hoc
(Vien Chien lUtfc, Chinh sach T&i nguy§n 1. Vai trd d i l u tra dia c h i t k h o ^ g san va Moi trirdng)
D l gdp phin dim bio "'an ninh khoang sin" cho
T
rin thi gidi, mpt sd nfldc va vung lanh cdng cupc cdng nghi|p hda, hi|n dai hda dit thd dl cm kilt tai nguyin khoang sin nfldc theo hfldng bin vflng, vi|c dilu tra, khao nhfl: Nhat Bin, Han CJude, Dai Loan, sit, dinh gia chinh xac cic loai khoing sin cua dit Phip, Bi..., mdt sd nfldc, vung lanh thd ngheo tai nfldc ed mpt vai trd hit sflc quan trpng. Tfl nhiing nguyin khoing sin nhfl: Singapo, Hdng Kdng, kit qui dilu tra dd, chung ta cd thi hoach dinh Bangladesh. dfldc nhflng chiln Ifldc, chinh sich, quy hoach^ . , , . , » , . , . , ! « 1 1 « - phat triln cd tinh khi thi phuc vu cho khai thic, Tren cae dien dan qudc te ben canh thuat ngfl an , , . , I'l ' i . . , „ , , . , , , ._ , sfl dyng hi?u qua tai nguyen khoang san cpo tflng ninh nang Ifldng va an ninh Ifldng thflc da dfldc , , , , , , \ Z/ .
, J . • - .1 .. - , • . ,.. thdi ky phlt triln eua dit nfldc.
sfl dung rpng rai, thuat ngfl an mnh nguyen u?u ' ^
khoing bit dau xult hi|n. Cic nha kinh t l hpc 2. Tdng quan v l chinh sach dilu tra cd bin dia trin thi gidi eho ring, tai nguyen khoing sin cd chit v l tai nguyin khodng sin vi di sin dia vai trd rat quan trpng cho sfl phit triln ndi chung chit cua mdt sd nfldc trin thi gidi
va die bilt quan trpng eho d c nfldc dang phlt
triln. Do dd, d c qudc gia cin thflc thi nhflng ^.i. Biiu tra ccf hdn dia chdt vi tdi nguyin khodng chinh sleh hdp ly di quin ly tai nguyin khoing ^ "
sin va bio tdn di sin dia chit. K h ^ ^ g 3. ^ 1« j ^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^ j ^ . ^g ^^ ^^^ Vi|c Hau hit d c qudc gia tren thi gidi diu chung ^ ^ ^^^^ ^^ ^fl dung chung dip flng d c nhu clu quan diim cho ring cic ngudn tai nguyen thien "^^^ ^^ P^^* ^ ^ ' " ^ ^ ^^ - xl hpi cin phai xult phat nhien la ldi thi xult phit diim eho sfl nghi|p phit ^ "^"'"g ^^<^ ^^ <^^ ^ ^ ^^^ t ^ "g^^y^" kho^g triln cua dit nfldc. Do vly, d l bio ve, khai thic, ^^- " ^ ^ ^^^ ^Ic qudc gia trin thi gidi diu chung sfl dyng hdp ly tai nguyen khoing sin trfldc hit l^an diim cho ring d c nguon tai nguyin thien can day manh cdng tic dilu tra cd ban vl dja chit " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ *^^ ^ ^ * P'^^* ^^"^ c^° sfl nghiip phlt - khoing sin lam can cfl cho vile dinh hfldng cic ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ "^°'^-
hoat ddng khai thic va chi biin khoang sin. Dd ^ o vay, d l bao vl, khai thac, sfl dung hdp Iy tai cung la muc tiiu cua di tai "Nghiln cflu, tdng ^^^^^ ^ h ^ ^ g ^ ^ ^^^^ ^It can day manh cdng hdp kit qui dilu tra cd bin vl dia chit khping ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^.^ ^^ bin dia chit vl tai nguyin khoang sin phuc vy xay dflng chiln Ifldc, chinh sich vl tai
khoing sin.
Khoing sin ed tinh die thu, la sfl flu dai ma thiin nhiln ehi danh eho mpt sd qudc gia nhit dinh tfly theo dilu kiln dia ly, dia chit. Vi thi, nin dao luat vl khoang sin khdng phii qudc gia nao eung cd.
0 mdt sd nfldc ed tiim nang khoing sin ddi dao nhfl Canada, Uc, Philippin, Chile, Trung C^udc..., phip luat vl khoing sin rit hoan thiin va dfldc chu trpng. Diy eung chinh la nhflng kinh nghi|m quy bau d l cic nha llm luat Vilt Nam tham khio trin bfldc dfldng sfla ddi Luat Khoing sin cua minh.
a) Trung Quoc: La qudc gia ling gilng vdi Vi|t Nam, phap luat vl khoang sin eua Trung CJudc cung ed nhiiu van dl d n phii tim hiiu. Trfldc hit, linh vflc khai thic md cua Trung CJudc ed sfl can thiep khi ldn eua Nha nfldc trong cic hoat dpng khai thic va tham dd khoing sin cua cic cdng ty Nha nfldc. Nguyin nhan xuat phit tfl phip luat tai nguyin khoing sin cua Trung CJude quy dinh rang, tat ci d c ngudn tai nguyen khoing sin deu thupc vl sd hflu nha nfldc va sfl thay ddi vl quyln sd hiiu dat trin dd cd khoing sin cung khdng hi inh hfldng g^ din sfl sd hflu khoing sin vi chung ludn thudc vl nha nfldc.
Trong phip luat ve khoing sin eua Trung C^dc quyln khai thic eung dfldc dim bio. Tuy nhien, dilu luat quy dinh rang chu giay phep 'cd quyen tiln hanh hoat ddng tham dd trong khu vflc dfldc chi dinh va dfldc flu tiln cd quyln khai thic trong khu vflc tham dd". CIch diin dat nay khic vdi nhiiu luat khai khoing khic dung thuat ngfl "dpc quyln' - la khii niem manh hdn so vdi "quyln flu tiln". Dl tranh tinh trang dau cd, luat cung quy dinh nghiem d m vile true ldi bang dau ed quyln tham dd va khai thic. Hdn nfla, chu gily phep phii dau tfl ehi phi tham dd tdi thiiu.
b) Philippin: CIch diy 15 nam, nam 1995 Philippin da thdng qua luat khai thic khoing sin mdi. Tuy dfldc dinh gii la qudc gia dflng thfl 5 trong sd d e nfldc cd nhiiu khoing sin nhit tren thi gidi, nhflng mdi trfldng luat phip va ehinh sich cua Philippin lai bi chi trich rat nhieu vi tinh khdng nhit quin trong luat va tinh khdng chac chan liln
cdng va dit tfl, kl ci dit rflng diu cd thi dfldc dfla vao khai thic md. Thi nhflng dilu khoin trin da bi chi trich ring luat dfldng nhfl cho phep thflc hi|n d c hoat d^ng khai khoing trin toan bp dien tich dit nfldc khdng loai trfl ci cic khu vflc d\i0c coi 11 thilt yiu vl sinh thii. Gily phep tham dd d Philippin dflpc d p vdi thdi han 2 nam va cd thi gia han.
Luat quy djnh ring, gily phep tham dd se dim bio eho chu giay quyln vao, chilm gifl va tham do khu vflc liln quan. Theo nhiiu chuyen gia, d e h diin dat nay khdng ndi gi din ddc quyln nao lien quan din tham dd, ehinh vi vly mi sfl ddc quyln tham dd khdng dfldc khang dinh rd ring.
2.2. Diiu tra ca hdn vd hao ton di san dia chdt Di sin dia chat (DSDC) la phan tai nguyin dia chat ed gia tri ndi bat ve khoa hpc, giao due, tham my va kinh tl. Chung bao gdm cic canh quan dia mao, eie mieng nui lfla da tat hoac dang hoat ddng, cic hang ddng, hem vflc sdng, hd tfl nhien, thic nfldc, d c dien Id tfl nhien hay nhin tao cua di va quang, d c di chi ed sinh; d c thanh tao, einh quan edn ghi lai nhflng bien ed, bdi einh dia chat dac biet; cic dia diim ma tai do cd thi quan sit dfldc d c qui trinh dia chat da va dang dien ra hang ngay, tham ehi ci eie khu md da ngflng khai thacv.v...
Hdi nghi qudc t l Un thfl hai vl Bio tdn di sin dia chit va cinh quan thien nhien hpp tai Malvern (nfldc Anh) vao thing 7/1973 da di din mpt Hiep fldc vl Bio tdn DSDC. Vile phin loai DSDC dfldc thflc hiln theo Tieu chuin phin loai tam thdi cic DSDC eua UNESCO gdm 10 kilu nhfl sau: A. Cd sinh; B. Dia mao; C. Cd mdi trfldng;
D. D i (magma, trim tich, biin chit); E. Dia ting;
R Khoing vat (Khoing sin); H. Kinh tl dia chat;
I. Kiln tao (lieh sfl dia chit); K. Cic van dl vu try;
L. Nhflng die trflng dia chat tam cd lye dia/dai dfldng.
Nam 199d, bio tdn eie DSDC - tiln dl eho vile thanh lap Cdng vien dia chat (CVDC) - lan dau tien dfldc xic dinh li mdt trong nhflng ehu de chinh tai Dai hdi Dia chit qudc t l lan thfl 30 td chflc tai Ble Kinh vdi tfl tfldng: d e DSDC la mdt 56 78+79(9+10/2011) NANG Ll/ONG VIET NAM [17]
KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE W
dmg tai nguyin khdng tli tm, vd cung gii tri, d n dfldc bio tdn va khai thic, sfl dyng hdp ly. Tgii d?ii h^i da cd m$t H^i nghj chuyin dl cd tin gpi "Cic DSDC vl Danh myc di sin thi gidi", n^i dung bin vl vin dl thinh l|p d c CVDC d chlu Au.
Nam 1997, UNESCO da dl nghj thinh l^p Chfldng trinh Cdng viln Dja chit (UNESCO Geoparks Program) trin ph^m vi toin clu nhim myc dich bio v | an toin d c DSDC cd tim quan trpng qudc t l vl phyc vy cho phit triln kinh t l xl hdi cua d c khu vflc. Mang Ifldi toin clu vl Cdng viln Dja chit da dfldc thilt l|p. Trong khoing hdn chyc nam trd l^i diy da xult hi|n m^t xu hfldng bio tdn thiin nhiln mdi - bio tdn d c di sin dja chit (DSDC) nhfl II mdt n^i dung chinh trong mdi liln quan ch|t che vdi cic gii tri di sin khic.
Nam 2000, Mang Ifldi CVDC chlu Au dfldc hinh thinh.
NIm 2004, UNESCO da eho ra ddi mang Ifldi CTVDC dat try sd tai Bic Kinh, Trung C^udc.
Thing 6/2004, Hpi nghi C^dc t l Iin thfl nhit hpp tai Ble Kinh, Trung C^udc.
Tai hdi nghi qudc t l lin thfl 2 tai Belfast, Ireland thing 9/2006 ed them 13 CVDC tham gia mang Ifldi. CVDC toin clu. Thing 6/2008 Hpi nghi qudc t l Ian thfl 3 vl CVDC tai Osnabruek, Cpng hda Liln bang Dflc cdng nh|n thim 5 thanh viln nfla va thing 9/2009 hdi nghi qudc t l vl quin ly CVDC tai Taishan, Trung C^ude kit nap thim 5 thanh viln, dfla tdng sd CVDC Toin d u lin 63 cfla 19 qudc gia. Cung t ^ hpi nghi d Osnabruek thing 6/2008, UNESCO dl chinh thflc ra mit mang Ifldi DSDC vl CVDC khu vflc Chlu A Thii Binh Dfldng (APGN).
3. Tdng quan nghiln cufu v l dilu tra cd b i n dja chSt v l tai nguyin khoing sin v i di sin d|a chit d V i | t Nam.
3.1. Tinh hinh nghien cvtu khoa hgc vd diiu tra ccf bdnJia chdt vi tdi nguyin khodng sdn
Nam 1852, tren tip Bio d o Viln Han llm Khoa hpc Phap xult hiln bai bao "Ghi chep vl dia chit xfl Nam Ky (Notes sur la geologic de la Cochinchine)" cua C.J. Amoux, dinh diu bfldc dau tiln cua vi?c nghiln cflu dja chit trin lanh
thd nfldc ta.
Tfl nhflng nim 20 cfla thi ky XX, bit diu xult hi^n d c cdng trinh khio sit dia chit khu vflc tflng miln cfla nfldc ta cung vdi vi|c khio sit di thanh lip bin dd dia chit t^ 1| 1:500.000. Tfl kit qua cfla d c cdng trinh khio sit niy, nam 1937 td Ban dd Dia chit Ddng Dfldng t^ 1| 1:2.000.000 da ra ddi do Fromaget J. thinh lip vdi sfl c^ng tic cfla F.
Bonelli, J. HofFet vi E. Saurin.
Sau khi hda binh dfldc lip 1^ d miln Bic nfldc ta, nim 1954 Sd Dia chit dfldc thinh lip trin cd sd Nha Khoing chit vi Ky ngh| ra ddi tfl nam 1946, sau dd, nim 1959 chuyin thinh Cyc Dia chit vl nam 1960, thinh Tdng cyc Dia chit. Hang loat d c bin dd do ve dia chit t^ I | 1:500.000, 1:200.000 dfldc hoin thinh d Miln Ble. Sau khi thdng nhit dit nfldc, vi|c lip bin dd dia chit cac ty 1| 1:200.000 va 1:50.000 da gin nhfl phu kin Ilnh thd nfldc ta, dem lai rit nhiiu tii li|u mdi vl dia ting vl d c thinh t^o magma, tfl dd cd thi dfla din nhiiu luan giii mdi vl kiln tao vi sfl hinh thinh khoing sin d nfldc ta.
Nim 2006 mpt tap thi d c nhi dja chit Vi|t Nam vdi sfl chu tri cua d c GS Trin Van Tri vi Vu Khuc vl td chflc biin soan cdng trinh "Dia chit vi tli nguyin Vi|t Nam" bao gdm: Phin L Dai cfldng vl d n h quan vi dia chit Vi|t Nam; Phin II. Dia ting; Phin III. Cic thinh tao magma; Phin IV.
Biin chit; Phin V. Clu true kiln t?o; Phin VI. Tai nguyin dia chit. Cic phy lye gdm Van Ii|u tham khio vi Bing tra cflu d c phin v\ dia chit vi tai nguyin. Vdi clu true trin, cd thi ndi day la mpt cdng trinh tdng hdp ldn vi diu tiln do cic nhi dia chit Vi|t Nam thflc hi|n vl dia chit vi tai nguyin nfldc ta.
Din nay, Vi|n Khoa hpc Dia chit vi Khoang sin da triln khai, thflc hi|n hdn mfldi chfldng trinh nghiln cflu khoa hpc trpng diim d p Nhi nfldc, hdn 300 di In gdp phin lim sing td ljch sfl phlt triln clu true dia chit lanh thd, dilu ki|n t^o thinh vi quy Iu|t phin bd khoing sin. Nhiiu vin di lien quan tdi nhflng loai dia chit nhfl dia chit mdi trfldng, tai biin, do thi, karst hay nghiln aJu tim ra nang Ifldng s^ch, di sin dja chit, v%t lilu mdi, kinh t l dia chit, nguyen Ii|u Idioing...
D|c bi|t, cdng trinh nghiln cflu tii nguyin
sfl dyng hdp ly tai nguyin khoang sin trong nfldc din nam 2020.
Hiln nay, edng tic tim kilm, thim dd ngudn nang Ifldng mdi eung la mpt nhi|m vy cfla nglnh dia chat Viet Nam, trong dd vi|c tim kilm, tham dd tiim nang khi hydrate (bing chay) d khu vflc Biin Ddng bfldc diu dfldc chu y tfl sau C^uylt dinh 1270/ClD-TTg ngay 24/9/2007 vl vi|c bd sung
"Chfldng trinh nghiln cflu, dilu tra ed bin vl tiim nang khi hydrate d d c vung biin va thim lye dia Vi|t Nam" vao nhi|m vy cua "Dl in tdng thi dilu tra ed bin vi quin ly tii nguyin - mdi trfldng biin din nam 2010, tim nhin din nam 2020".
3.2. Tinh hinh nghien culu khoa hoc vd dHu tra ccf hdn vidi sdn dia chdt
Vile nghien eflu dia chit vi khoang sin d nfldc ta dfldc d c nha dia chit ngfldi Phip thudc Sd Dia chit Ddng Dfldng (thanh lap nam 1898) ehinh thflc tiln hanh trong khudn khd toan bin dio Ddng Dfldng, bat dau bang eie nghien cflu le te ve khoing sin d cic nfldc thudc dia nay phyc vy eho vile phat triln nin edng nghiep cua nfldc Phip.
Nhufng nam gin diy, tiip thu xu hfldng mdi cua thi gidi vl bio tdn thien nhien, cic nha dia chit Viet Nam (thudc Cyc Dia chat va Khoing sin
^^et Nam, Viln Tai nguyin va Mdi trfldng Bien, Bio tang Dja chit, Vien Khoa hpc Dia chit va Khoing sin, Trfldng Dai hpc Khoa hpc Tfl nhien Ha Npi) da bat dau ed nhflng hoat ddng dieu tra.
dia chit.
Cdng tic nghiln cflu di sin dia chit (giai doan l ) dfldc d c nhi dia chit Vi|t Nam thflc hi|n kha tdt, d c h tiip cin vin dl vl giii quylt vin d l nghiln eflu di sin dia chit ed cd sd khoa hpc, phu hdp vdi d c h lam eua thi gidi, dap flng yiu elu hpi nhap qudc tl. Vi|c thinh l|p cic khu bio tdn dia chit (thuOc giai do?in 2 kl tiip) mdi chi dat dfldc myc tiiu quin ly di sin dia chit. Va xiy dflng cdng viln dia chit (thupc giai do^n 3) mdi d^t dfldc myc tiiu bio tdn va khai thac hi|u qui, hdp ly d e gii tri cfla di sin dia chit cho sfl phlt triln bin vflng.
Ci hai cdng vi|c niy da dfldc cic nhi dia chat di xult va bfldc diu mdi ehi cd Cao nguyen di Ddng van mdi gia nhap mang Ifldi Cdng viln dia chat toin clu.
4. Tdng hdp kit qui cac nhiem vu nghien cflu khoa hoc v i cong tie dieu tra cd bin dia chat v l tii nguyen khoang sin
4.1. Kit qud cong tdc diiu tra ccf han dia chdt vi tdi nguyen khodng sdn
a) Lap cic bin do dia chat va dilu tra khoing sin Trong CJuy hoach da giao: "Lap bin do dia chit vi dieu tra khoing sin ty 111/50.000 tai 35 vung trin dit liln thupc eie tinh miln nui phia Bac, Tly Nguyin va Nam Bp vdi dien tich khoing 75.624 km2; trong dd, ed 10 vung dl triln khai trfldc nam 2006".
56 78+79(9+10/2011) NANG Ll/ONG VIET NAM [19]
KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE W
Bingl. Hi|n trang thflc hi|n d c nhi|m vy Up bin d6 dja chit vi dilu tra khoing sin tfH 1/50.000
Theo giai doan Cic di|n tich d n hoan thanh dilu tra trfldc 2010 Cic di|n tich cin hoan thanh dilu tra trfldc 2015 Cic di|n tich da bit diu thflc hi|n trfldc nam 2006
Theo quy ho^ch (dl in/km2)
6/ 10.980
19/40.690
10/ 23.954
Da hoin thinh (dl In/km2)
Klidng cd
Khdng cd
5/ 10.940
Da Up d l In (dl in/km2)
5/ 10.360
2/ 4.900
Dang thi cdng (di In/km2)
5/ 8.460
2/ 4.500
5/ 13.014
Chfla l l p d l In (dl In/km2)
1/620
17/35.790
NguSn: Cue Dja chdt vd Khodngsdn Vi^tNam, 2010
b) Dilu tra DC - KS biin
Quy hoach 116 da giao "Dilu tra dia chit, khoing sin, dia chit mdi trfldng, dia ddng lflc, tai biin dia chit, trong dd chu trpng vung ven bd d ty 1| 1/50.000 - 1/100.000 din d(f slu 30 m nfldc, di|n tich khoang 33.000 km2. Dilu tra dia chit, khoang sin, dia chit mdi trfldng, dia d^ng lflc, tai biin dia chit; trong do chu trpng vung ven bd d ty 1| 1 /500.000 din dd slu 100 m nfldc, di|n tich khoing 266.000 km2.
Bing 2. Danh muc cic diin tich I?p bin d6 dia chit v i dilu tra khoang sin vung biin ven bd vi tiln do thiJc hiln
Tl'
1
2
3
4
Danh myc elc nhi|m vy
Khao sit, dinh gii tiim nang tai nguyin khoing sin vung ven bd tinh Sdc Trang, ty 1| 1/100.000 Dilu tra dia chit khoing sin ty 1|
1/100.000 -1/50.000 dii ven biin Hii Phdng - Mdng Cii tfl 0 - 30m nfldc
Dilu tra dia chit khoing sin ty 1|
1 /100.000 -1 /50.000 dii ven biin Nga Sdn din Diin Chlu tfl
0 - 30 m nfldc
Tdng dien tich (1+2+3)
Dilu tra dia chit khoing sin ty 1|
1:500.000 din dp slu 100 m nfldc (vung biin cd dp sau 30 -100 m phia ngoii dii ven biin 0 - 30 m nfldc, tfl Mdng Cii din Kiln Giang)
Theo Quy hoach Di|n
tich (km2)
5.552
9.200
8.500
23.250
266.000
L l p d l In trfldc
nim 2005
2010
2010
2015
Hoin thinh nam 2010
2015
2015
2020
Thflc hi|n din 2010
Hoin thinh 5.552 km2
Hoin thinh 4.600 km2 thu^c dfl an
Chinh phu
Dang triln khai (tfl Thanh Hoa din Quing Binh, gdm
11.150 km2) Dang thflc hien vungbiln30-100m nfldc Vi|t Nam:
150.130km2 thupc dfl i n Chinh phu
Ngudn: Ci^c Dia chdt vd Khodng sdn Viit Nam, 2010
Bing 3. Danh muc cic diin tich bay do dia vit ly vi tiln d^ thflc hien.
Sd TT 1 2 3 4 5
Nhi|m vy
Bay do tfl - x^ phd gamma ty 11 1/50.000 -1/25.000 vung Nam Pleiku
Bay do tfl xa phd gamma ty 1| 1/50.000 -1/25.000 vung Dak Glei Khim Dflc Bay do tfl - x^ phd gamma ty 1| 1/50.000
1/25.000 vung Ble Kan - Tuyin Quang Bay do di|n tfl ty 1| 1/25.000 1/10.000 ddi Ld GIm
Bay do di|n tfl t^ 1| 1/25.000 1/10.000 ddiTuLI
Theo Quy hoach Di|n
tich (km2) 8.000 3.600 6.200 3.000 7.000
L l p d l In trfldc
nam 2010 2015 2015 2020 2020
Hoan thanh nam 2010 2015 2020 2020 2020
Hi|n trang
Dang bay do Chfla l l p d l in Chfla lap di in Chfla lap dl in Chfla lap di In
Ngu6n: Ciic Dia chdt vd Khodng sdn Vi$tNam, 2010
4.2. Diiu tra, ddnh gid tiim ndng tdi nguyen khodng sdn Bing 4: Kit qui dilu tra danh gii khoang sin nam 2009
Tl'
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
Khoing sin (Khu vflc)
Chi kem (Ni Tdng-Xi Nhe (Dien Biin).
Chi kem CIm Nhin (Yin Bai).
Ddng (Tri Nang - Hdn Ving, Thanh Hoi).
Thilc, kim loai hilm (La Vi, Quing Ngai).
Magnezit (Tly Kong Queng, GiaLai).
Set kaolin (Tri Nang - Hdn Vang, Thanh Hoi).
Da dp lit (Tin Ky, Nghi An) vi Hai Ha (Quang Ninh).
Myc tiiu tai nguyin Tdng tai
nguyin 333+334a 150.000 tin
Pb+Zn 150.000 tin
Pb+Zn 100.000 tin
Cu 5.000 tan Sn
6 tri|u tin qu|ng
7 tri|u m3
Trong dd d p 333 50.000 tin
Pb+Zn 50.000 tin
Pb+Zn 30.000 tin
Cu 2.000 tin Sn
3 tri|u tin qu|ng
2,4 trilu m3
Kit qui thflc hi|n Tdng tai
nguyin 333+334a 291.500 tin
Pb+Zn 156.000 tin
Pb+Zn 26.400 tin
Cu 3440 tin Sn;
9.960 tin Li20 11,13 trilu
tin quang 1,5 trilu tin 27,8 trieu m3
Trong dd d p 333 23.600 tin
Pb+Zn 63.000 tin
Pb+Zn 4.000 tin Cu
1980 tin Sn;
4.410 tin Li20 8,3tri|utln
quang
5,88 trilu m3
Ngudn: Cue Dia chdt vd Khodng sdn Viit Nam - 2009
56 78+79(9+10/2011) NANG Ll/ONG VliT NAM [21]
KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE W
5. Tdng h^p kit qui cic nhi^m vu nghiln cihi khoa hpc v i cdng tic dilu tra cd bin v l di sin dia chit
Vi|t Nam cd nhflng kliu vflc dja chit d n h quan ky thu nhfl ghlnh d l dia Tuy An (Phu Yin), bazan d?ing cdt Ba Ling An (Quing Ngii), bazan d?ng cpt thic Trinh Nfl (DIk Ndng)... Nhflng d n h quan nay cd gii tri klioa hpc ddc dio, hip din du khich, nhflng tfl trfldc din nay chfla dfldc quan
I. -^M
gm •—-
lil^r
:-m. •
tim. Cyc dia chit va khoing sin dang d l nghj xlp hang qudc gia 20 di sin dia chat diu tiln, ddng thdi thinh lap nhflng cdng vien dia chit d l gidi thi|u vdi du khich.
Da triln khai dilu tra, dinh gii tiim nang DSDC va triln vpng xiy dflng CVDC d 25 khu vflc miln Bac Vi|t Nam, qua dd xic dinh dfldc 15 khu vflc ed triln vpng trd thinh CVDC qudc gia va/hoac qudc tl. Tdng c^ng da danh gia dfldc
1.168 DSDC, trong dd 525 thu^c d c tinh Ddng Bac (kl ci Viet Ble, d c tinh duyIn hii Ble Bp va mpt sd khu vflc thuOc ddng bing sdng Hdng), 363 thudc d c tinh Tly Ble va 280 thu^c d c tinh Bac Trung Bp (con sd thflc chic chin se ldn hdn).
149 DSDC dfldc d l xult xlp hang d p qudc tl, 471 d p qudc gia vi 548 - d p dia phfldng. 94 biiu hien thupc kilu Di sin ed sinh (A); 518 bieu hiln thudc kilu Di sin Dia mao (B); 2 biiu hien thudc kilu Di sin Cd mdi trfldng (C); 38 biiu hiln thudc kilu Di sin D i (D); 76 biiu
hi^n thuOc kilu Di sin Dia ting (E); 116 thu^c kilu Di sin Khoing v^t/KhoIng sin (F); 303 biiu hi|n thu^c kilu Di sin Tfldng tic Lye dia/
D?i dfldng (L). Nhfl v4y trin ph^m vi miln Ble Vi|t Nam d l xlc dinh dfldc 8/10 kilu DSDC.
Chfla k l d c biiu hi|n DSDC kilu H (kinh t l dia chit) vi K (Cic vin di vu try) chfla thflc sfl 11 trpng tim cfla d c dilu tra. Cung chfla kl mpt s6 DSDC cd t h i ddng thdi thu^c m^t vai kilu DSDC. Kit qui trin khing dinh sfl da d ^ g d c
kilu lo?i DSDC, sfl phong phu vl s6 Ifldng vi chit Ifldng cao cfla d e DSDC, khing djnh triln vpng xiy dflng CVDC cd ding d p d nhiiu khu vflc miln Ble Viet Nam.
Dl triln khai dilu tra, danh gii ehi tilt, xac l|p Iu|n cfl khoa hpc, luin chflng kinh t l - ky thuat cho vi|c xiy dflng thi diim ba CV^C d miln Bic Vi|t Nam. D|c bi|t eao nguyin dl Ddng Van da dfldc cdng nh|n 11 thanh viln cua m^ng Ifldi CVDC toin clu. Da tim hiiu vl d l xult mpt sd bi|n phip bio tdn vi khai thic bin vflng d e DSDC va CVDC d Vi|t Nam, d|c bi|t d l d l xult chfldng trinh phlt triln mang Ifldi CVDC d Vi|t Nam vl di xult xiy dflng cd sd phap ly cho vi|c quin ly m ^ g Ifldi CVDC d Vi|t Nam.
6. Kit luin v i khuyin nghi
Tai nguyen khoang sin va di sin dia chit la nhflng ngudn lflc vd cung quy blu cho cdng cudc phit triln kinh t l xa hpi cua dit nfldc. D l nang cao hi|u qui quin ly vi khai thac, cin hoan thien he thdng phap lu|t, thi chi vl quin Iy tai nguyen khoang sin vi di sin dia chit. Xay dflng va triln khai d c Chfldng trinh khoa hpc va cdng nghe cua Bd Tai nguyin va mdi trfldng vl dia chit va khoang sin. Tang cfldng hdp tic qudc tl, thu hut ngudn Iflc va khoa hpc va cdng nghi tfl bin ngoai. Phdi hdp cac bd nganh quin ly tdng hdp dim bio d c nguyin tie phit triln bin vflng.
