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Gop phan hinh thanh tUduy mdi ve lien Icet phat trien kinh te vung dong bang song Ciiru Long
TRANHgUm|P*
Tang cudng lien ke't kinh tevung, khic phuc tinh trang vimg bi chia cat bdi dia gidi hinh chinh tinh la yeu cau khach quan. "Thuc day lien kdt kinh tevung" lan dau tien dUde ghi nhan tai Dieu 52 Hidn phap nam 2013 vi dang rdt cin dUde cu the hda bang cac van bin Mat nhU: Luat Ngan sach, Luit Diu tu cdng, Luat To chde CMnh phu, Luat Tdchvtc hpi ddng nhan dan va uy ban nhan dan... ThUc tien xay diing vi phat trien vung ddng bang sdng Cvtu Long (DBSCL) sau gin 30 nam ddi mdi dang dat ra yeu ciu phai giai quye't hii hda md'i quan he giUa lien kdt phat trien kinh tevung va ddi mdi tU duy, cai cich the chede tao dpng lUc "thuc day lien kdt kinh tdvung" theo Hien phap, hudng den muc tieu phat trien ben vvtng vi tru phd vung DBSCL.
Ve lien Icet p h M trien kinh tevung
Tfl ke't qua eac edng trinh nghidn cflu ly luan va thUe t i l n p h a t t n e n vflng d Viet N a m ndi ehung, DBSCL (Tay Nam Bp) ndi ridng, thdi gian qua eho thd'y:
Thfl nh^'t, lien ke't p h a t trien kinh td' vflng la mpt yeu c i u k h a c h q u a n , c i n dUdc thflc d i y p h i t trien de tao dpng luc phat trien viing, dia phUdng va qud'c gia.
Tbii hai, lien kdt vung rat c i n ed che' phap 1^ tfl Trung Udng de hd trd phdt trien
v u n g va lidn kd't eae dia phUdng t r o n g vflng; c i n nghien cflu cai each the che, hinh t h d n h td ehfle bp may ed thuc quyen cbi dao, didu phd'i lien ke't vung, d a m nhiem chflc n a n g "quan tri vung".
ThvC ba, can giai quyet hai hda mdi q u a n he gifla ddi mdi kinh te' theo hUdng tang eudng lien ke't vung vdi doi mdi chinh tri theo hudng eai each thd che', td chflc bp may chinh quyen dia phUdng.
Nude ta cd 63 tinh, t h a n h phd' trUc thupc Trung Udng.
Vide td chflc chinh quyen, p h a n bd nguon lUc dau tU, ngan sdch... dUde thUe hidn theo eac cd'p b a n h chinh dd.
Chinh quyen cap tinh ngay cang dupe trao quyen nhieu hdn, nhd dd chu ddng, sang tao hdn trong viec ra quye't dinh. Song, cM'nh dieu nay cung tao ra sU phan khfle, chia cat "khdng gian kinh te' vflng". Nhan r a van de nay, eac van kidn cua Dang va vdn ban phap quy cfla Nha nUdc d
* Vu trUdng Vu Kinh te, Ban Chi dao Tay Nam Bp
S694 •0-2014) I 25
I UkhalmxHMdMHtagViMHmdiitliMngcMtailhingtimlWdwTrtlne^ IK\)SV:l!C-U)fmiM
eac cap dp khac n h a u da titog de cap v l "phat tridn vung lanh thd'" va "hdn kd't viing".
CiXdng lmh Xay dung d^t niidc trong thdi ky qua do lin chu nghia xa hgi (bo sung, p h a t trien n a m 2011) n e u rd dinh hfldng ldn ve p h a t t r i e n vflng: "Bao d a m p h a t t r i e n h a i hda gifla eae vflng, mien; thfle day p h a t t r i e n n h a n h cae vflng k i n h te' trong diem, dong thdi tao dieu kien p h a t t r i e n eac vflng ed n h i e u khd k h a n " . Chid'n liidc phat trien kinh te- xa hgi 2011- 2020 cung n e u rd nhflng npi d u n g va dinh hfldng p h a t t r i l n vflng
va lien k i t vflng. Trong quy hoaeh va d i u tU cflng da cd sU t i e p can va thUc h i e n theo vflng. Cu t h l , d DBSCL, da CO Quy h o a c h t o n g t h e k i n h td' - xa hpi vflng (nam 1998 vd n a m 2012); cac quy hoaeh n g a n h xay dflng, giao t h d n g , didn, da't dai, n d n g ngMdp, t h u y ldi, t h u y san...
vflng DBSCL.
N h i n lai lich sfl, tfl s a u n a m 1975 dd'n trUdc thdi ky Doi mdi (nam 1986), va'n de
" p h a n v u n g k i n h t e , p h a t trien k i n h t e vflng" da dUdc d a t r a va t r i e n k h a i t h u c Men. He thd'ng ed q u a n chflc n a n g vdi t e n gpi B a n P h a n
vflng k i n h t e c u n g dfldc t h a n h ldp tfl T r u n g Udng (nam t r o n g Uy b a n Ke hoacE N h a nUdc) d i n cac tinh t r o n g v u n g de t h u c hidn n h i e m v u nay, nhUng sau d6 giai t h l . Dd'n n a m 2002, mpt thid't chd' " B a n Chi dao vflng" la B a n Chi dao Tay N a m Bp dfldc t h a n h lap liieB Quye't d i n h s ^ 56-QD/TW;
n g a y 9 - 1 2 - 2 0 0 2 , cua Bo C h i n h t r i . Tiep theo la Quy d i n h sd" 89-QD/TW, ng^y 3-10-2007, cua Bp Chinh tri
" V l chflc n a n g , n h i e m vu, quyen h a n , to chfle, bp may, dia b a n h o a t dpng, q u a n h^
cdng tac, chd' dp, c h i n h sach 2 6 I Sd94. (10-2014)
si^sEaEsasm
can bp cua cac B a n Chi dao:
Tay B i c , Tay Nguyen, Tay N a m Bp" va Q u y d i n h so 96-QD/TW, ngay 28-5-2012, cua Bp C h i n h t r i "Ve chfle nang, nMem vu, quyen h a n , to chflc bp may, q u a n h e cdng t a c cua cac B a n Chi dao Tay Bae, Tay Nguyen, Tay N a m Bp".
Thdi gian q u a , d vflng DBSCL, B a n Chi dao Tay N a m Bd da tich cflc t r i e n k h a i eac h o a t dpng t h e o chflc n a n g , n h i e m vu; dac bidt la p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e vung, d i u mdi phd'i hdp cae lfle lupng t r i e n k h a i t h u c hidn, k i e m t r a , ddn dd'c, t h a m muu, d l xud't nhieu ed che, chinh saeh, n h u cd chd', e h i n h sach lien kd't vflng p h a t trien eae san p h a m chu lUc vung (lua gao, t h u y san, t r a i cay); cd che', chinh saeh phdt trien giao thdng, t h u y ldi, giao due - ddo tao, nguon n h a n lfle, p h a t t r i e n P h u Qud'c, flng phd vdi bie'n doi k h i h d u , nude b i l n d a n g t h d n g qua nhieu boat dpng lien kd't nhfl Dien dan hdp tac kinh te DBSCL (MDEC) to chfle h d n g ndm; chUdng t r i n h xflc tie'n dau tU, thuc d i y vide lien kd't cdc chudi gia t r i Ifla gao, t h u y san, t r a i cdy; vdn dpng an sinh xa hpi; quy che phd'i hdp ve qud'c phdng - an ninh, thdng tin t u y e n truyen... T r o n g v u n g DBSCL cdn cd vflng
k i n h t e t r p n g diem DBSCL bao gom 4 t i n h , t h a n h la:
C a n Thd, A n Giang, Kidn Giang, Ca M a u vd da h i n h t h a n h "Ban Chi dao dieu p h o i " c u a Vflng k i n h t e t r o n g diem nay. Tuy nhien,
"Ban Chi dao d i l u phd'i" thdi gian qua hoat dpng md n h a t do cd che'kiem nhiem, "hdp - tan", ehi duy tri mpt bp phdn giflp vide n a m trong Bp Ke' hoach vd D i u tu. Thuc tidn d a n g d a t r a n h i e u v a n de c i n h o a n thidn, dae bidt la can ed co che phap ly velien k§'t vung hieu qua, thiet thiic va hinh thanh to chvtc CO thilc quyen dieu phoi liSn ket vHng.
ThUc tien lien ket phat trien kinh te viing dong biing song Cdm Long
V u n g DBSCL bao gom todn bp khdng gian ianh tho cua 13 tinh, t h a n h phd'trUc thupc T r u n g Udng gom:
t h a n h phd' Can Thd, Long An, Tien Giang, Vinh Long, Tra Vinh, Ben Tre, Dong Thap, An Giang, Kien Giang, Hdu Giang, Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu vd Ca Mau. Than vflng cd didn tich da't tU n h i e n khoang 3,96 tridu ha, chie'm khoang 12% didn tich, 22,8%
ve ddn sd'. Id dia ban rpng va ddng dan cU dflng thfl hai trong cdc vflng kinh td' cua ca nUde (chi sau vflng dong bang sdng Hong). Hdng nam,
vflng nay ddng gdp khoang 22% vao GDP ca nfldc, san xua't 55% san lUdng lUdng thUc, cung ca'p hdn 90%
lUdng gao xua't k h a u , 70%
lUdng trai cay, 58% san lUdng t h u y san va ddng gdp trdn 60% kim ngach xud't k h a u thuy san cua ca nUde.
Vide Mnh thdnh eae vflng kinh te, dac biet la cae vflng kinh td' trpng dilm, dd ddng gdp q u a n trpng cho t a n g trUdng kinh td' ca nUde, tao didu kidn cho cde viang eung phat trien, dong thdi tao hdn kd't gifla npi vflng vd cac vflng; ddng gdp trong vide quy hoach p h a t trien kinh te - xa hpi, quy hoach nganh:
xdy dUng, giao thdng, t h u y ldi... vao sU phat trien chung cho vflng.
Tuy nhien, viec phdn vflng kinh td' hidn nay, dang ndi len mpt sd' vd'n d l c i n quan tdm. Dd Id:
Chtia ro khai niem vung, phan vung chong cheo (vung nam trong vung): Khai niem vd each phan vung kinh te' d nUde t a hien chUa thd'ng nhd't, chu yd'u phuc vu yeu cau chi dao, dinh hudng chinh sach va cd y nghia thd'ng ke. Vide phdn vflng cdn t r u n g lap ve dia ban, c h i n g h a n n h u trUdng hdp cua 2 tinh Long An va Tien Giang, vfla n i m trong vflng DBSCL, vfla n i m trong vung kinh te trong diem phia Nam.
S694 )-20M) I 27
^
y DlJN PAN - BOI THOAI
Chiia ro ehu thecUp vimg, nguon liic dau tu cho vihig:
T h l che' Men h a n h xac dinh rd cd'p T r u n g fldng (CMnh phu, eac bp, n g a n h T r u n g Udng...) va ca'p dia phUdng (tinh, huyen, xa) nhUng chUa r5 "chu the" ca'p vung. Quy hoach vung dUdc phe duyet nhUng "chu t h l vflng" khdng rd va thUc td' Id k h d n g cd, khdng k e m theo cCp q u a n ly quy hoELch vflng tUdng iing;
vide to chflc thUc Men, giam sat, kiem t r a viee thfle Men quy hoaeh vung r a t md n h a t . c a e vung ndi chung va v u n g DBSCL ndi rieng khdng phai la mpt ca'p h a n h chinh, vide p h a n bo n g a n sach, ngudn lfle d i u t u eho vflng h o a n toan do T r u n g Udng d a m nhidm. Theo Ludt Ngan saeh hidn h a n h va cac quy dinh ve lap ke'hoaeh ngan sach hdng nam, vung khdng phai la cap ngdn saeh. Vide d i u t u cho vung p h u thupc vao sfl d a u t u cua T r u n g Udng vd cae tinh, t h a n h (ehu yd'u la de p h a t trien dia phUdng, qua dd ddng gdp cho vflng).
To chUc quan tri viing va ca che phoi hap vung, lien vUng cdn nhieu ban che: To chflc quan tri Id mpt trong ba ye'u to quan trpng p h a t trien vflng (chinh saeh vung, cdng cu - nguon lUc tai cM'nh va td' chflc quan t r i ) . De phat trien kinh td'vflng DBSCL, Trung fldng Dang, Chinh phu, cae 28 I S694. {10-2014}
bp, n g a n h b a n h a n h n M e u n g h i quye't, c h i e n Ifldc, chfldng t r i n h , ke hoach p h a t t r i l n v a quy h o a c h v u n g , nhUng vide t l chfle t h u c Mdn cac n g h i q u y l t , c M l n lUdc, chUdng t n n h , kl^ hoach p h a t t r i l n va quy hoach n a y h o a n t o a n p h u t h u d c vao cac ed q u a n T r u n g Udng va dia phUdng. Do dd, viec h i n h t h a n h mpt to chflc chi dao, q u a n ly dieu h a n h cdp vflng dang la va'n d l c i n sdm dUdc n g h i e n cflu, d i l u chinh, bo s u n g t r e n cd sd h o a n t h i e n mpt so md h i n h h i e n hflu n h u B a n Chi dao d i l u phd'i vflng k i n h td' t r p n g d i e m vflng DBSCL, mpt so' b o a t dpng cua B a n Chi dao Tay N a m Bp. H o a t dpng cua to chfle ndy, trfldc m a t n d n hudng vdo viee d i l u phdi, t a p hdp dUdc cae du a n dang r a i rac d cac bp, n g a n h , dia phUdng, ed chfle n a n g giam sat, d a n h gia Meu qua eae dU an cap vflng...
Thieu cd sd dU li$u vung:
Mac dfl da cd "quy h o a e h tong t h e p h a t trien k i n h td' - xa hpi vflng" va cac quy hoach c h u y e n n g a n h : giao thdng, xay d u n g , t h u y ldi, t h u y s a n . . . , n h U n g vflng k h d n g p h a i la ca'p q u a n ly h a n h chinh. Vi the, h e thd'ng thd'ng kd theo vflng Men vdn trong t i n h t r a n g "dUde chang hay chd", khdng h o a n cMnh, gay khd k h a n cho viec theo
doi, d a n h gia, g i a m sat, di bao, ldp quy hoach, kl^hoaj p h a t trien theo quy mo vung
Su canh tranh giSa esi tinh CO thephA vd quy hoad vUng: Viet N a m d a n g dlj n h a n h q u a t r i n h phi t&
t r u n g h d a . Theo do, chim quyen cap t i n h dUdc "chu™
giao q u y i n " va cd quyen chi ddng h d n ve quy h o a c h ^ p h a n bd cac n g u i n lUc dau tU t r o n g p h a m vi dia phflca|
minh. Cae t i n h thudng quan t d m ddn h a i vd'n d l : MotU, cae n g u o n lUc (chu yeu Q p h a n bd' von d i u tU ngSn s a c h tfl T r u n g Udng) dil^
chuyen giao hdn la ban chift ehinh saeh vd ed c i u kinh t^
vflng. Hai la, Iktn the nao d^
t a n g t i n h h d p d i n cua moi t r u d n g d a u tU b a n g cd ch^
c h m h sach ridng eua moi dja phUdng. Hd q u a la nhilu t i n h "chay d u a Uu dai dlu^
vUdt rao", t i n h nao eung "(
ngp, t h u hflt n g u d n nh&i lfle" ddn dd'n viec dai ng^
k h d n g cdn y n g h i a dac thill, giam hieu qua. Trong khi ^ hien chUa cd mpt ed e h l hanh c h i n h t h e o vflng nao chiu t r a e h n h i d m dieu phdi sA p h a t t r i e n vflng vd qua trinli
"chuyen giao quyen" tfl cfe bp, n g a n h T r u n g Udng nhiAl h d n cho cac t i n h (th&B q u y i n q u y l t dinh, cd'p pWp d i u t u , b a n h a n h cd M chi'nh sach...). M p t chfnll sach dieu phoi vflng (sathflp
-TSX^SS^SSBSSm
hdn c h i n h saeh qud'c gia) dang trd t h d n h mpt ddi hdi c i n thiet de dieu phoi vung t r o n g nhflng t i n h t r a n g tUdng tu.
Mot so gtfi y ve cai each the che va chinh sach, thuc tfay lien ket phat trien kinhte vung dong bing song Cihi Long
' i - Lien kei vung DBSCL trong boi canh hgi nhap qud'c teva khu vUc: Cdc dpng t h a i y a xu the phat trien cua qud'c te va khu vflc dang didn r a n h a n h , m a n h vdi n h i e u tuyd'n dan xen n h a u . Sau k h u n g hoang tdi ehinh va
"suy thoai kinh te' toan cau, yeu e l u tai eau true nen kinh td' vd t h l chd' kinh te' toan 'elu dang tac dpng m a n h me 'de'n mpi qud'c gia, k h u vUc;
4;rong dd yen cau ve p h a t t r i e n b i n vflng dUa trdn cdng -nghe cao, xanh va sach trd t h a n h chieu hudng pho bid'n,
•xuydn sud't. Lien kd't vflng 'DBSCL phai q u a n triet sdu 'sic bd'i canh nay.
'• Lien ket viing DBSCL de vUat qua cac thach thUc va cac diem nghen tang trUdng:
iCin dieu chinh lai quy hoaeh
•vdng, t r d n cd sd nhflng nghidn eflu cd b a n ve vflng vk xay dUng ed sd dfl lieu khoa hpc vflng (tdi nguyen da't, nude, rflng, bien...) de lam nen t a n g phan tieu vflng va lien ke't vflng, ke't nd'i
khdng gian p h a t trien va san xua't, tfl ke't noi san xua't den tieu thu; ke't noi thi trfldng, doanh nghidp. Sfl ke't nd'i the che va phd'i hdp chinh saeh mang tinh "phap dinh hda", tao r a hieu luc chi huy thd'ng n h a t cap vung mang y ngMa quye't dinh. Cac dia phUdng trong vung phai cd sU dong t h u a n ve tU duy, tam nhin va quy hoach p h a t trien vung;
vide xac dinh rd ldi ich cua v u n g la tien de, dieu kien thUc hien cac ldi ich cua tflng dia phUdng.
Thuc day cai each the che vUng: Lien ket kinh td' vflng DBSCL dang can mpt cd che' phap ly rd rang va m a n h me hdn la sU "khuye'n khich".
Mpt "chie'c do phap ly" tUdng xflng cho lien ke't kinh te' vung Id cUc ky quan trpng.
Can tie'p tue nghien cflu Mnh t h a n h to chflc quan tri - dieu h a n h ca'p vung phfl hdp, du sflc dam dUdng va dieu tiet eac nhu cau ca'p vung. TrUdc m l t , nen nghien cflu, hoan thidn md hinh boat ddng cua Ban Chi dao dieu phd'i Vung kinh td' trong didm de thfl nghidm cho lien ke't kinh td' vflng Tay N a m Bp, h i n h t h a n h Ban Chi dao p h a t trien vung t r e n cd sd kinh nghidm thUc tidn tfl boat dpng eua Ban Chi dao Tay Nam Bp, Ban Chi dao Vflng kinh te'trong diem, didn ddn MDEC... thdi gian qua.
Tfl yeu e l u t h u c tien dd, de nghi CMnh phu sdra xem xet, b a n h a n h cd ehd', chinh sach dac t h u t h u hflt d i u tU vao 3 san p h i m mui nhpn cua vung DBSCL Id Ifla gao, t h u y san va t r a i eay; t a p t r u n g hoan thien kd't cd'u ha t a n g kinh te', khai thdng cdc kdnh tin dung (vd'n n g a n sdch, ODA, FDI, vd'n doanh nghiep t h a m gia, vd'n tin dung ngdn hdng); dao tao nguon nhan lUc dd phat trien cae san pham mui nhpn ndy.
Cai each the ehd' ehinh la tao r a tiem nang ldn de cd the khai thac, nang cao hidu qua, nang sua't vd ndng lUc canh t r a n h cua nen kinh td' vung DBSCL. Dd la ydu c i u doi mdi t u duy. Dd'i mdi tU duy va the chd' kinh td' la khdu then ehd't de thUc Men tai ca'u true kinh td' vung DBSCL cung vdi tai cau trflc kinh te' ca nUdc, chuydn ddi md hinh t a n g trudng, nang cao nang lUc eanh t r a n h cua nen kinh te. Qua t r i n h ndy ddi hdi quye't tam chinh tri cao de vUdt qua dUde nhflng nhdm ldi ich va t u duy nhidm ky. Vdi t u duy mdi, the che' mdi, nang lUe mdi, qua trinh doi mdi ve kinh te', tai cd ca'u, p h a t trien k i n h te vflng DBSCL se vUdt qua nhflng
"diem nghen" the che' hien tai de dua vflng dd'n sU phat trien t h i n h vUdng, t r u phu trong tUdng lai I
Sd94 I 2 9
