NGHIEN cull & UNG DUNG
X A Y DVNG BO CONC CU THEO DOI S V P H A T TRIEN CUA T R i S TUOI
C
huan hda la mgt trong nhfing xu hudng gido dye tren the gidi va trong khu vyc. Sy ra ddi ciia Bd chudn phdt trien tre em nam tudi cua Viet Nam ciing ndm trong xu hudng dd. MOt trong nhung myc tieu sii dyng Bd chuan phat trien tre ndm tudi Id xay dyng bd cdng cy theo dSi su phdt trien cua tre.De gdp phdn dat dupe myc tieu ndy, chung tdi xin gidi thieu ve xay dyng bd cdng ey
TS. Le Bich Ngpc Vi^n Khoa hgc Gido dgc Vi^t Nam giao dye mam non cdc cdp nhu chi so 63- Hieu nghia mgt sd td trudng ehuySn mdn, hidu tii khdi qudt chi_sy v^t, hipn phd chuyen mdn, hipu trudng, tupng dan gidn, gan gui - cd cdn bd phdng gido dye, vd GV thi dupe thyc hi§n trong nhilu _fi Q^^ ^^ JJIJJJ Trudng mam non mam non.
Cd the xay dyng bp cdng cy theo ddi sy phdt trien ciia tre nam tudi theo 8 budc sau:
Biedc L Lyra chgn chi so cdn theo doi: Vdi GV, cdn theo doi het 120 chi sd trong sudt nam hgc. Moi thdng hogc mdi chii de can theo doi 20- 30 chi sd da chgn theo chii de. Cdc
theo ddi su phdt trien ciia tre chi sd dugc lya chgn cdn thda cua tre trong cdc hogt ddng theo cdch tidp can Bd chudn man nhiing yeu cau sau ddy: khdc nhau.Vi du: Chudn 2 - phat trien tre em ndm tudi cua Dai dien cho tdt cd 4 linh vyc Tre cd the kiem sodt vd phdi Vidt Nam. cua Bd chudn; Mdi ITnh vyc hpp van ddng trong cdc nhdm Theo ddi sy phat trien cua cd chi sd d tdt cd cdc chudn; co nhd, \(ji cdc chi sd: td mdu tre ndm tudi nham dieu chinh Mdi chudn chiia 1-2 chi sd day kin, khdng chdm ra ngodi ke hoach gido dye cho phii hpp tre trong chii de; Cac chi sd
vdi myc dich gido dye, vdi sy dgi dien cho cdc kien thuc, kT phdt trien ciia tre. Tren co sd ndng, thdi dp dgy tre trong chii dd, gido vien (GV) hudng dan de; Tinh den cac viing, mien, tre ddn ddn dat dugc cdc chi sd bdi cdnh khdc nhau. Vi dy:
Sau khi chgn mdi chudn mdt chi sd, cd d cd 4 ITnh vyc, cd 28 ehi sd cdn kiem tra. Cdn 12 chi sd khdc se dupe uu tien chpn theo viing, mien. Vi dy:
vdi tre mien ndi, uu tien chpn cdc ehi sd thudc ITnh vyc phdt trien ngdn ngii va nhdn thuc;
vdi tre ddng bang va thdnh phd uu tien chpn cdc chi sd phdt trien vdn dpng, tinh cdm vd quan he xd hdi.
Luu y rang, cd nhung chi so thyc hien qua nhieu chu
Ngudi xdy dyng bg cdng dl mdi hodn thdnh, cd nhftng tre, trong sudt mdt ndm hpe, cy theo ddi su phdt trien ciia chi sd chi thyc hien qua mdt dl cudi nam tre cd thi dgt hdt tre nam tudi Id can bd qudn ly chu dl Id hodn thdnh. Vi dy; 120 chi sd.
Ngdy nhdn bai 29/11/2012. Ngay duyel ddng 25/01/2013
TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC-SO 90-02/2013 •
gido dye - ket qud mong dpi trong gido dye, thdng qua viec dieu chinh myc tieu, ngi dung, phuang phdp, phuang tien, hinh thiic, difiu kien gido dye, kl thuat ddnh gid, thdi gian thuc hi?n vd ngudi thuc hien.
Theo ddi su phat trien cua tre dupe thuc hien bang bp cdng cy kiem tra, gpi tdt Id bd cdng cy. Bg cdng cu bao gdm cac chi sd, cdc phuong phdp va cdc phuang tien theo ddi sy phdt trien cua tre.
- mua thu, Nghd nghipp, Giao thdng. The gidi dpng vdt. The gidi thyc vat, v.v... Chi so 88
• Bdt chudc hdnh vi viet vd sao chep tu, chii cdi - cd the dugc thuc hien trong mgt chii dl.
Ddng thdi, cd nhthig chi sd the hipn cung mpt khd n ^ g
dudng vien; cat theo dudng vidn thdng va cong cua cdc hinh don gidn; ddn cdc hmh vdo diing vi tri cho trudc, khdng bi nhan. Nh&ng chi sd ndy deu thd hien sy kheo leo vd phdi hgp van dgng tay- mat eiia tre trong hogt ddng hdng ngdy. Vi vay, cd thi chpn mot trong cac chi sd nay de dai didn cho khd nang md ta mudn theo ddi d Ire.
Mdi tudn, moi ngdy vd mdi hogt ddng gido dye can chpn nhihig chi sd dang hudng ddn he de theo doi ket qud va dilu chinh hogt ddng giao dye.
GV can thudng xuyen duy tri tung chi sd da dgt dupe tren
NGHIEN c u l l & UNG DUNG
Vdi cdn bg qudn ly, mdi lan kiem tra can lya chpn khodng 30-40 chi sd. Cdc chi s6 dupe chpn^can th^a tr^&n nhfl-ng yeu clU'saiiakyj'b^yipn.cho tdt 6^4 tTrih vilc'tSiid BVchuih;' Hdi-iwiht vyc fidjjqhi so d tdt, (?p:,p^c iphugn; JSfl.o'i.cJAudfli.ctnigi l-2£t^t sd da (iftjf.tr^; CdCiQljyi sd4gi ^i^n cho cac kiln Ihiic ki ndng, thgi.dp dgy trd. Uu, tien, cho pdc chi sdchudd .bj cho trevdp lop, Mgt; Ti^b d|;9 ( ^ viing, imiln„.bffl cif^kkk^
n h a u . . . , •t
AJSifpc 2-. Tim hieu minh chung cua (^Hisg- Minh chiing la nhihig bieu hien cy the cua, (;3ji.(59,. eg ithl-.quan sat,' do, detadupc. Mdi mgt.chi sd ^ iy,gt so miyh chui^ nhdt dinb-j Mudfl theo dgi, qly sg,n^Q, th}
tim rinijib) chung tuang ling cua chi sd do trong phy lye ciia Bg chudn phdt trien tre em nam. tudi.
Budc 3. Lua chgn phuong phdp theo I ddi; I Hi?n, nay, GV thudng sii dung aiidt sd pUV0ng,i^p,ddnh giditrong chuang trinh gido due n?ain nojj mdi de thu thdp thdng tin, theo ddi sy phat trien ciia tre nam tudi trong trudng mdm non. Dd Id cdc phuang phdp:
kiem tra tryc tiep, q u ^ sat ty nhien, phdng van/ trd chuyeui phdn tich sdn pham hogtidgng Gua tre.
- Kiem tra true tiep id thu thdp true tiep nhiing thdng tin ve chii so theo ddi tren tre, bang cdc trac nghipm (test) ve tdm U vd phdt trien tre, cdc thang do, cdc, bdng lipt ke, cdc bgjig chijsd liieo, dp tyqi,. cgpt bdi;tgp, tro choii.., theo minh chiing cua timg chi sd.
- Quan sdt suphgm Id thu th§p nhimg thdng tin ve chi s6 theo ddi trdn Xth, thdng qua cdc ghi chdp cd myc dich, cd hp thong, cd kl hogch, bdng cdc phuong phdp nhat djnh, trflOg;P^tiibogt dpng gido dye khdc nhSMf^, theo rainh chiing cii^ tirfbg;ch,i so.
V ,ri PhdtJg.vdn, tro chuyen Id thu thdp nhiing thdng tin ve chi sp,Jheo,4fi>i tren trd, thdng qya de mm^ dy djnh trudc, dugp Ijjjyg xhi^n vdi nhihig ngudi .chdip ^<: - g>do dye tre (cha me, gido yien, nhd qudn li.,.,) hay ]vdi tfle, theo minh chirng ciiatimg tjhlsd.
,, T Phdtf_ iiph •''dn phdm hogt d^ng gt^a, tre .Ik dua tren cac
^gpipham hogt. 4dng vgt chdt hpilc tinhijthdn ciia trd (biic rign, CQng.trinht.xay dyng, san phdniiJdp ghdp, tranh vg/ xe dan^: td mdu, kl chuyen, hdt, mua,...), ddphan tich ve muc dp dgt dupe, theo minh chirng Gua timg chi sd. j <.,
GV lya : chpn nhiing phuang pbap theo doi sy phdt ttjen cjia tre dya tren cdc minh chiing cya mdi chi sd. Tiiy timg chi sd, minh chiing, kinh nghiem vd,tdn sudt sir dung md GV chpn phuang phdp dan gidn, de thyc hien, khdch quan, tin cay, ton it thai, gian, nhdn lye va tdi lye.
, Budc 4. Xdc dinh phuong ti4n Jheo doi: Phuang ti^n theo ,ddi la nhirng dyng cy, dd diing, (Jd choi cdn thilt jfl^ thyc hipn phuang phdp theo doi da lya chpn. Phuorng tien cdn phu hpp vdi chi sd, minh chiing, phuong phdp, dieu kien co sd vgt chat cua ldp hpe. Tdt nhdt la ndn chpn nhiing phuang
ti$n don gidn, dl kiem, re tiln, phd bien d dia phuong, san cd trong Idp hgc. Dac bipt, cdn ludn ludn chudn bj bdng ghi kit qud theo ddi sy phdt triln cua tre ndm tudi theo nhdm/
Idp.
Budc 5. Xdc dfnh cdch theo ddi tren tre: 6 budc ndy, can xac dinh Ididng gian ties hdnh theo ddi, sd tre tham gia d tung lan theo ddi, neu rd viec Idm ciia cd va ciia tre trong qud trinh theo ddi. Cdch theo ddi nay dugc thyc hipn y nhu nhau ddi vdi mpi trd, de dam bdo dp khdch quan vd tin cgy ciia ket qud thu dugc.
Budc 6. Xdc dinh thdi gian theo ddi: Nhung thdi gian theo ddi can xac dinh la lupng thdi gian cdn thiet dd theo ddi tren mpt tre, tren tdng sd tre ciia nhdm/ ldp, va thdi diem theo doi. Thdi diem theo doi tdt nhdt chinh la cdc thdi diem trong che dp sinh boat mdt ngay cua tre d trudng mam non, ngay trong cdc hogt ddng gido dye.
Budc 7. Thir cdng cy theo doi: Viec thir cdng cu theo ddi dugc thyc hien tren 3-5 tre, gdm tre kem, kha, gidi, tre trai vd gdi, tre dan tpc vd tre Kinh (ddi vdi vimg ddn tpc cd fre dan tgc Kinh).
Budc 8. Hodn chinh cdng cu theo doi: Mec hodn chinh cdng cy theo ddi dugc thyc hien d cd 7 budc dd neu tren.
Cd the bd di, them vao, siia Igi tiing ngi dung trong mdi budc cho phii hpp vdi chi sd can theo ddi d tre.
Cd thi tdm tdt cdc budc xay dyng Bg cdng cu theo bdng I
Bang 1 duac sir dyng de
2 4 • TAP CHI THilr 61 GIAO DUG-SO 90-02/2013
NGHIEN CUD & l/NG DUNG TT
(1) 1.
n.
Chi so lyra chgn
(2)
77m hiiu minh chung
(3)
Phuong phdp theo doi
(4)
Phuang tien theo
doi (5)
Cach theo doi
(6)
Thai gian thyrc hien (7)
Hodn chinh cdng cu
(8)
Bang 1. Cdc budc xdy dung bg cdng cy theo doi suphdt trien ciia tre theo Bg chuan phdt trien tre 5 tuoi cdng cy. Moi cdng cy can bieu dgt du npi dung ciia 8 budc.
Khi da thdnh thgo, cd the xdy dyng mpt cdng cy de do nhieu chi sd vd ngupc Igi, mpt chi so cd thi dugc do bdng nhilu cdng cu khac nhau.
tdng hpp sd lupng chi so c4n theo ddi trong mpt chu d l , mdt giai doan gido dye (tu4n, thdng, hpe ki), cdc phuang phdp, phuang tipn, cdch thyc hien, thdi gian thyc hien. Tren CO sd do ma lap kd hoach theo ddi phii hpp vdi dieu kien cua ldp, trudng, dia phuang.
Cd thd hinh dung cdc budc xay dyng mdt cdng cy theo ddi mpt chi sd trdn tre qua mpt thi dy sau day:
Budc 1: Lua chgn chi sd cdn theo doi: Chi sd 1. Bat xa tdi thieu 50cm.
Budc 2: Tim hieu minh chirng cua chi sd dd chgn:
Minh chiing cua chi sd I gdm:
Bat nhay bang cd hai chan, cham ddt nhe nhdng bdng hai 6k\x ban chdn, giii duoc thang bang khi tiep ddt.
Budc 3: Lua chgn phuong phdp theo doi: Phuang phdp theo ddi chi sd 1 Id: Trd chai
"Thi nhay qua ranh nude".
Budc 4: Xdc dinh phuong tien theo doi: Phuang tien theo ddi ch: sd 1 bao gdm: Sdn chai an todn (rpng rai, bdng phdng, thoang mat), cd dudi nheo Idm dich, hai vach song song cdch nhau 50cm. Bdng ghi kit qua nhdm, Idp vd cd nhdn.
Budc 5: Xdc dinh cdch theo doi: Cdch theo ddi chi sd I dupe thyc hipn nhu sau: 3
trd tham gia choi rapt lupt. Cd gido 1dm trudng trd. Tre diing thdnh hdng ngang trudc vgch bdt. Cd hd "1,2,3", h e cung nhay qua rdnh nude. Cho trd nhay 3 lupt. Ghi kit qud cao nhat cho timg tre.
Budc 6: Xdc dinh thdi gian theo doi: Thdi gian theo ddi chi sd 1 Id: Theo doi tre tgi thdi diem choi ngodi trdi, trong liic choi trd chai "Thi nhdy qua ranh nude". Mdi nhdm choi het khodng 2-3 phiit. Ca ldp cd 30 tre sd hit khodng 10-15 phiit. (Day ciing chinh Id thdi gian choi trd chqi vgn ddng ngodi trdi).
Budc 7: Thir cdng cu theo doi: Thu cdng cy theo ddi chi sd 1 bang trd chai "Thi nhdy qua ranh nude" vdi 3-5 tre, gdm cd tre kem, trung binh, khd, tre trai vd tre gid, he ngudi dan tdc vd ngudi kinh.
Budc 8: Hodn chinh cdng cu theo doi: Hodn chinh cdng cy theo doi chi sd 1 gdm sua Igi timg budc xdy dyng cdng cy.
Nhu v§y, khi xay dung bd cdng cy theo ddi sy phdt trien cua he nam tudi, cdn dam bdo 8 budc: lya chgn chi sd, tim hidu minh chiing, lua' chgn phuang phdp, xdc dinh phuang tipn, cdch vd thdi gian theo ddi, thir va hoan chinh
Tdi li$u t h a m khdo l.Bp chudn phdt trien h e em nam tudi. Thdng tu sd 23/2010/TT-BGDDT ngay 22/7/2010 cua Bd Gido dye va Ddo tgo.
2. Dinh Thi Kim Thoa.
Ddnh gid trong giao dye mdm non. NXB Dai hgc Qudc gia, H. 2010.
3. Bd GD-DT. Chuong trinh gido dye mam non. NXB Gido dye, H. 2009
S u m m a r y
The article determines eight steps to build the tools to track the child's development approached to five-year child development standards of Viet Nam. The steps include:
selecting indicator, looking up evidence, seleetmg methods, identifing means, showing the context to track, identifing to track time, trying tools, and completing tools. Every tool need to be showed enough eight step's contents.
TAPCHITHIFrB!GUODUC-SCi90-02/2013 • 2 5
