UCH sir, KINH NGHIEM VA TRUYEN THONG QUAN SU CUA DAN TOC
NGHE THUAT l i P THE TA, PHA THE DjCH TRONG CHIEN DICH D U O N G 9 - NAM LAO NAM 1971
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Cich aSy 65 nam, v&i quyit tSm dinh bfl cu^ hdnh quan chien lu^
"Lam San 719" cua djch, bio v# virng chac tuySn v$n tai vi ctf s& h$u can chiin lir^ d'khu vifc Se-p6n, quin tadi mdf chiin djch phin c6ng Birdng 9 - Nam Lio vi giinh thing Igi to l&n. Diy li thing Igl c6 f nghfa chiin lirgc, vii nhiiu nil ng/i# tfiuJJ dfc sac lam chin d0ng toin bf quin ngvy trin cic chiin tru&ng.
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£) thOc day Chidn luge "Viet Nam hda chidn tranh", hdng Idm suy ydu sue chien dau cOa ddl phuong. rdn luyfn khd nang tdc chidn cOa qudn d f i Sdi Gdn, tgo didu kifn cho quan My rOt ddn vd nudc, ddu nam 1971. My - nggy td chdc nhidu cufc hdnh qudn Idn; trong dd, cufc hdnh qudn "Lam Son 719" ddnh sang khu vgc Dudng 9 - Nam Ldo cd quy md idn nhdt. Mgc dfch cufc hdnh qudn nham cat ddt, tidn ti7l phd hOy hodn todn tuydn v f n tdl vd ca sd hfu cdn chidn luge cda la, trift bd ngudn tidp td ti> midn Bac, khidn ta khdng thd ddnh Idn dugc trong mOa kho 1971 - 1972; h> dd, phdi quay ve hogt dgng nho Id, phdn tdn trong khudn khd m f t cudc chidn b-anh du kfch. N l m chdc dm muu, thO dogn cOa djch, B f Chfnh b-j vd Qudn Oy Tmng uong dd chO truang md chidn djch phdn cdng Dudng 9 - Nam Ldo nhdm ddnh tan cufc hanh qudn "Lam Son 719", bdo v f an todn tuydn v f n tdl chidn luge.Thgc hifn quydt tdm dd, B f T u Ifnh Chidn djch dd khdn truong Idm mpi cdng tdc chudn bj (nghidn cdu chidn trudng, td chuc lgc lugng, tgo Ifp thd trfn) vd vgn dgng phuang tiiuc tdc chidn hifp ddng binh chOng quy md Idn mgt each linh hogt, sdng tgo, tgo sdc mgnh tdng hgp, ddnh bgi
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hodn todn cufc hdnh quan chidn luge cOa djch^
md ChOng da t f p tmng vdi nd lgc cao nhat va dgt rdt nhidu hy vpng. Thang Igi to Idn dd do nhieu ydu td hgp thdnh; trong dd. nghf tiiugt lgp ttid ta, phd thd djch, gidnh quydn chu ddng de danh bgi qudn djch Id ndt nghf thuf t rdt dgc sac vd dugc thd hifn m f t cdch cy ttid qua nhung ngi dung co bdn sau:
1. Kit hryp chit che Uii t$n cda chiin djch fgo ra vdj thi trin cua chiin /ugc, fgo stic m^nh ting hop dinh thing cuic hinh quin chiin luce cua djch. Chidn djch Dudng 9 - Nam Ldo dien ra tren dja bdn rdng nOI rgng ldn (ddl 140 km, r f n g 60 km), thua ddn, ndn vifc tridn khai danh djch trdn cdc hudng g f p n h l ^ khd khan; bong khi dd, djch td chdc tidn cdng bat ngd, s u dyng nhidu phuang tifn chidn hanh hifn dgi. Do v f y , dd ddnh bgi c u f c hdnh quan quy md Idn cOa dich, ddl hdi Chidn djch phai tgo lgp dirtyc thd
1 - Ta da tiSu di$t trSn 20.000 tSn (gom: 06 Irung doftn vk in doin, 13 tieu doin bO bmh vk phSo binh);
dinh thi^t h^i n|ing 03 su doan (g6m; Su doan du, Su doin linh thily dinh bg. Sir doin bO binh 1); bin roi vi phi hiiy trgn 500 miy bay; lyc lutjng tang - thi^ g i ^ djch bj ton that 16n.
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bgn lidn hodn, vung ch^c. c6 trgng didm. cd chidu sau. Ngay sau khi cd ddu h i f u rd ndt vd cufc hanh quan cua djch, Bf T u Ifnh Chidn djch da chf dgo lgc lugng tgi chd (Oodn 559, M f t trfn B5) khdn truang nghidn cdu dja bdn dd chO dfng thidt lgp the trgn ddnh djch cd m f t ddt vd tren khdng d cdc hudng, nhdt Id cdc vj trf chdt chgn, ddn Idng, trfn dja phdng khdng, mgng ludi ttidng tin lidn lgc vd h f thdng bdo ddm h f u cdn, ky thuft cdc cap,... san sdng ddnh djch. bdo ddm an toan cho tuydn v f n tdi chidn luge.
Tmdc dd. dd hd trg hyc tidp cho Chidn djch, B f Tdng Tham muu da cd kd hogch tdc chidn, didu dgng lgc iugng (ttidnh Ifp Btnh dodn 70 - binh dodn chO luc dau tien cOa Quan d f i ta), chl dgo vifc chuan bj va thidt bj chien tiudng d khu v y c Oudng 9 - Nam Lao. Trift ik tgn dgng thd trfn cOa cap tren, Chidn djch bd hf lgc lugng b f d f i chO lgc d Nam Khu 4 de san sdng ca d f n g ddnh
^ch tren cdc hudng. Odng thdi, chO d f n g nghidn cuu tinh hlnh djch va dja hlnh, tdng budc hlnh thanh h f thdng dudng co d f n g (cho xe CO gidi), cdc vj trf tgp kdt, tridn khai lgc lugng bf binh. phdo ca gidi, xe tang,... nham tgo ifp the b^n danh tidu dift ldn qudn ^ c h d m f t sd d\a bdn trgng diem. Mgt khac. chf dgo cdc dan vj d hudng Tay Dudng 9, Dodn 968 Qudn tinh nguyfn Vift Nam phdi hgp vdi Quan gidi phdng nhan ddn Lao, m d dgt tidn cdng phfa Ddng Bd- Id-ven, cung vdl Tmng dodn 48 (Su dodn 320) dgp tan nai ^ c h d u kien h f i ti,i cOa hai hudng Odng vd Tdy cOa cudc hdnh qudn, bufc djch phai phdn tdn ddl pho. Ody Id sg kdt hgp chft chd, khoa hgc, phO hgp giua thd trfn lidn hodn vung chac cda Chidn djch vdi thd trgn cd chieu sdu cOa chidn luge. Nhd dd, khi ^ c h bdt ngd md cufc hdnh quan quy md ldn vdl nhidu vu khf, phuong tien hifn dgi, nhdt id vd dudng khdng vao todn b f dja ban Chidn djch, ddu bj ta ddn ddnh kjp thdl, quydt lift. Chi tfnh ridng 2 ngdy dau Chidn djch, ta dd ban roi hdng chgc may bay len t h i n g , khidn djch bdt ngd. chodng vdng. Djch cang bdt ngd ban khi chO lgc ta cung vdl xe tang bat ngd xuat hifn, d f t kfch vdo Didm cao 543. tieu dift toan b f Tidu dodn 3. Tieu
dodn Phdo binh vd S d Chl huy Lu dodn 3 djch, bdt sdng todn b f chi huy Lu dodn. Nhu vfy, kdt hgp c h f t che giua the cOa chidn luge vdl thd cOa Chien djch da tgo ra sue mgnh to Idn, ddnh bgi hodn todn djch.
2. Col trong (go l$p thi trSn chit ch$n. gSn vdi triin khai thi tr$n tiin cing r0ng khip, diy djch vio thi bi d0ng, lung tung dii phd. Ode didm cua chidn djch phdn cdng id dOng hdnh d f n g tidn cdng 6k ddnh djch dang trong trgng thdi tien cdng, ndn quydn chO dfng ban ddu thufc vd djch. Hon nua, didu kifn cua chidn djch Oudng 9 - Nam Ldo khdng didn ra tidp sau chidn djch phdng ngg, ndn vifc tgo thd trfn hon ban djch, nhdt Id khi lgc lugng qudn ^ c h Idn, dang co dpng tidn cdng la van de rat phdc tgp.
Tmdc tinh hlnh dd, B f T u Ifnh Chien djch chO truang tgo lap thd trgn chdt chgn vung chdc trdn cdc hudng, bufc djch phdi tridn khai d thd bdt Igi, tao dieu kifn cho cac boat dgng phdn cdng, tidn cdng tidu dift djch. Theo dd, bdng thd trfn chdt ehdn vung chac d Tdy Bdn Odng (trdn Dudng 9) va hai canh Bde va Nam tryc If ndy, qudn ta da chgn ddng cugc hdnh quan cCia djch, bupc chung phai co cym d Bdn Odng vd tgm dung da chien tai cdc didm cao hai bdn Oudng 9. Ddy id bifn phap rat quan trpng dd gidnh quydn chO dgng trong chidn djch phdn cdng. t/
day, net ndi bgt trong tao lap the b-gn Id ta da kdt hgp chat che giua thd chdt chfn (trong dd cd hudng chO ydu) vdi tridn khai tiid trfn ddnh ^ c h rfng khdp, ham toan b f qudn i^ch tgi Idng chdo Bdn Ddng, tgo ra the va thdi co thuf n Igi de ddnh thdng cac trgn then chdt cOa Chidn djch.
Thgc tien, vdi the trdn dd, mgc dO djch co cym d Bdn Odng va trdn cdc hudng, nhung ddu bj cd lgp, phdi chi vifn chO ydu bdng mdy bay trgc thang. Ody Id didu kifn thugn Igi de lgc lugng tgi chd rpng khap cua Chidn djch ban roi hdng trdm mdy bay djch. Ddng thdl, tgo thdi ca de cdc don vj chu lgc trien khai luc lugng, phuang tifn, tidu dift Idn qudn djch d Oiem cao 500 vd 543, hodn thdnh tran tiien chdt thu nhdt cOa Chidn djch.
Thfm chf, khi djch chu dpng td chuc lgc lugng phdn cdng I d Ban Odng, hdng chidm Igi Oiem
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cao 543, khdi phgc cdnh qudn bao v f sudn Bde, nhung ddu roi vdo ttid trgn ta da bdy san vd nhanh chdng bj tieu difL Cl hudng phfa Nam, Dodn 559 td chdc chan djch quyet lift, tgo didu kifn cho S u dodn 324 co dfng vdo danh thigt hgi nfng m f t sd dan vj thudc Su doan 1 djch, bdn rai nhidu mdy bay. bufc chOng phdi ddng Igi d thd bdt Igl. Nhu vgy. bdng thd trfn chdt chgn vdng chdc, kdt hgp vdl thd trdn danh djch rfng khdp, Chien djch da bufc djch dang t u thd chO dfng tidn cdng, roi vdo thd bl dfng ddl phd d cd ba cdnh qudn, tgo dieu kifn thugn Igl dd Chidn djch tidu dift tung b f phgn quan djch.
3. T$p tmng d$p tan the ggng kim cda djch, dSnh b§i tOng bu&c, Uin t&i dinh bai hoan toSn quSn djch. Trong cugc hdnh quan "Lam San 719", djch td chuc tidn cdng thanh ba canh qudn. Cdnh quan chO ydu tidn theo Dudng 9, qua Lao Bdo bang xe co gidi vd thidt gidp. Hal cdnh qudn khde dd bp bdng may bay len thang.
chiem m f t sd diem cao phia Bde va phfa Nam, ifp cdn c d bao v f hai bdn sudn cdnh quan chO ydu, tgo thd ggng kim danh chidm Sd-pdn, cat ddt tuydn v f n tdl chidn luge cOa ta. Dk ddnh Igl cufc hdnh quan cCia djch, ta khdng the ddn ddu lgc lugng ddi phd vdi ca ba canh quan, md phdi cd Ifp tdng hudng. dap tan thd gpng kim cOa djch, thgc hign bd gay h>ng cdnh qudn, khidn chCing khdng thd hd trg cho nhau dugc, tidn tdl tidu dift todn b f qudn djch. Thgc hidn y djnh dd, ngay t u cudi thdng 01-1971, b f dgi Ogc cdng va lgc lugng vu trang M f t trdn 85 ddnh vdo phfa tmdc. ben sudn vd phfa sau cdnh quan phfa Bac cOa djch, nhu: Xuan Khanh, Vinh Quang Thugng, v.v. Tidp dd, m f t sd don vj Binh dodn 70 tfch cgc tgo thd vay lan, pha tan the phdng ngg vdng ngodi cOa i^ch, khidn dich d cgm didm cao phfa Bde bj cd Ifp vd bj tidu diet hodn todn.
Sau khi bd gay hodn todn cdnh qudn phfa Bde, dga vdo thd chdt c h f n vd cac diem tga phdng ngg. Chidn djch tang cudng lgc lugng, ddy mgnh cdc hogt d f n g tac chien phd thd djch d Nam Oudng 9. Oien hinh Id trgn then chdt thd hai tidn cdng tieu dift djch d Oiem cao 723, ddnh thift hgi ngng S u dodn 1 ngyy, bd gay
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cdnh qudn phia Nam cOa djch. Bj ta chgn ddnh phd ttid tidn cdng d cd phfa tmdc, bdn sudn vd phfa sau, d f c bift la cd hai canh qudn phfa Bac vd phfa Nam ddu bj tieu dift, djch phdng ngd &
khu vgc Bdn Odng hoang mang, dao dfng t f t df. Tm'dc tinh hlnh dd, B f T u Ifnh Chidn djch vda hg quydt tSm tidu dift lgc lugng chO ydu cOa djch d Bdn Odng, vda bd ti-f ttid trgn ddn Idng dgc Dudng 9. sSn sdng danh djch nit chgy.
DOng nhu d g dodn cOa ta, tmdc nguy ca bj tieu dift, djch d Bdn Ddng da bd t r f n dja, ludn orng thdo chgy; ta td chdc tmy kfch, tidu dift nhieu sinh lgc djch, kdt thOc thang lgi Chidn djch. Nhu vfy, cd ttid thdy. trdn co s d nam chac tinh hlnh djch, ta vd dja hlnh tdc chidn, ta da tgo lgp thd trgn chidn djch cd Igl, tung budc pha tan tiid ba ggng kim cOa djch. bufc djch phdi ddnh ttieo cdch ddnh cOa ta. Thgm chf, khi cac cdnh qudn bdo v f bdn sudn ldn lugt bj tidu dift, canh quan chO ydu cOa dich, tijy cdn tuang ddi manh nhung da t g tan ra. Dieu ddng ndi Id, khi bd bgn dja thdo chgy. djch khdng dam dOng ca gldi vd dl dudng Idn, md phai ludn m-ng thoat thdn, bdi chOng lo s g bj cdc t r f n dja chdt chgn, ddn Idng dgc Oudng 9 cua ta tieu dift. Sau ndy, tudng Odt-mo-len da phdi thu nhfn: khi quan Bde Vift bat ddu phdn cdng, sdc dp cua hg hdt sue ngng nd, qudn d f l Sdi Gon bdt dau bang viec Idm khd khan nhdt trong tdt cd cdc hogt ddng quan s g - n:it lui t m d c c u f c tidn cdng manh lift cua djdi^.
Thang Igl to Idn cOa Chidn djch phdn cdng Dudng 9 - Nam Ldo da gdp phdn quan trgng ddnh bgi Chidn luge "Vift Nam hda chien tranh"
cOa dd qudc My, cOng co, ndng cao vj ttid cua ta bong qud trinh ddm phdn tgi Hgi nghj Pa-ri;
ddng ttidi, ddnh ddu budc phat bien mdl vd nghf thuft chidn djch Vift Nam ndi chung vd nghf thuft Ifp thd ta, phd thd djch bong chidn djch phdn cdng ndi ridng. Nhung ndt dgc sac dd cdn tidp tgc dugc nghidn cuu, van dung, phdt ti-idn trong didu kifn mdi cOa nhidm vu hao v f Td qudc hifn nay. •
2 - 06t-mo-len - Mpr qudn nhdn tuang trink, Nxb, Dip-bcf-diy Cim-pa-ny Inh Ga-dihi Xi-ty, Niu-o6c 1976, tr. 97.
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