NGHIEN ctru, TRAO D 6 I
GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN Kl N A N G M I M CHO SINH VIEN TRirillNG DAI HOC CONG NGHE GIAO THONG VAN TAI
DAP OUG YEO CAO NGOON NHAN LlTC HIEN NAY
HA HOANG G I A N B ' Email: [email protected]
PHAM THI THlTdNG Tdm tat:
Cd the t h I y vlec tim hieu nhO'ng ydu cau ve ngudn nhdn Iyc chat lupng cao trong boi canh hign nay cd t i m quan trpng r l t Idn ddi vdi mdi qudc gia ndi chung va ddi vdi cac trudng ndi rieng, cd the col eae ydu e l u , cdc ky nang Id nhan to quyet djnh s y thanh edng cua sinh vidn khi tdt nghiep. Ben egnh tieu chf k i l n thO'c chuydn mdn, thi tidu chi ky nang mem dupe ede nha tuyen dyng dgc bidt quan tdm d cac O'ng vien. N l m b i t dupe nhu eau t h y c te eua thj tnj'dng lao dpng, trudng Dgi hpc Cdng Nghe Giao thdng Vdn tai tfch eye ddi mdi chuang trinh dgo tgo g i n lien thyc tien mdt each manh me, quyet ligt trong do chO trpng bdi d u d n g , phat trien ky nang-mem cho sinh vien .
T(p khoa: Ky nSng mim, ngudn nhan lue, dao tao dai hgc
Ngay nhgn bai: 18/02/2019 Ngay phan bign- 20/03/2019 Ngay dang: Thdng 03/1019 1. Dinh hu'dng cua Tru'vng Dai hpc thay ddi, cd nang Iyc giai q u y l t nhO'ng v i n de Cong nghe Giao thdng Vgn tai trong viec phO'c tgp nay sinh trong t h y c tidn cdng vige.
phat t r i l n ky nang m I m cho sinh vien trong
bdi canh bien nay ' , ^"^"^ ^'^^' "'^' "^""9 '=*^"'°'"9 trinh, chuan dau ra cua chuyen nganh ddo tgo dupe t h i l t Mpt trong nhO'ng muc tidu cua Trudng Dgi ke theo hudng tich h p p phdt trien ky nang hpc Cdng Nghd Giao thdng Van tai d i n nam mem, dam bao tfnh can ddi giO'a ly thuylt vdi 2020 va tam nhln den nam 2030 la trd thanh thye hanh, cd s y tham gia cOa cac ben lidn trung tdm dao tgo ngudn nhan Iyc c h i t lupng quan trong va ngoai trudng. Mat khae, hogt cao hang d I u trong ITnh v y c giao thdng vgn dpng giang dgy tfch hpp, long ghdp phdt then tai theo hudng O'ng dyng, dgt trinh dp ngang ky nSng mem eho sinh vien vao cac bai hpc, b l n g vdi cac trudng dgi hgc cd uy tin trong mdn hpc; td chO'c dgy hgc s u dyng cae hinh khu v y c va the gidi ve dao tao trong ITnh v y c thO'c hogt dgng (thao luan nhdm, seminar giao thdng van tai. Vi vgy, nha trudng ludn ehu chuyen de, bai tgp tinh hudng.,,); to chO'c cac trgng phat trien nguon nhan Iyc theo hudng hogt ddng giao dye ngoai gid len Idp (td chO'c toan dien, dd la nhigm vu dao tao nhO'ng con idp ngogi khda ve rdn luygn ede ky nang mem ngudi phat trien hai hda dO'c, tri, the, my. Ben g i n vdi mdn hgc, chuydn nganh dao tao, d u p e egnh vide trang bi kien thO'c chuyen mdn, idi thiet ke theo ehu de vd d u p e td ehdc hogt dpng t u duy sang tgo sinh vidn edn dirac trang bi tuang tae cho sinh vidn dupe rdn luygn va phat nhO'ng ky nSng c l n thiet de thfch dng vdi s y trien ky nang mem); td chO'c hogt dpng cpng
•H^ Hoang Giang, Phgm Thi Thumg • Truung Dgi hgc Cong nghg Giao thong Vgn Tii
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ddng, xa hdi; td chO-c hogt ddng trai nghigm tao ddng nghe nghidp; to chO'c hogt dpng t y rdn luygn cua sinh vidn. K i t hpp song song nhilu htnh thO'c, phuang phdp de phat tnen ky nangmem cho sinh vidn, d^c biet la cac hogt dOng giang day trdn Idp eua giang vien, vdi cac phuang phap dupe sO' dyng phd bien nhu: Phat van, t h u y l t trinh, iam vipc nhdm; cac hogt dpng eua Doan thanh nidn, Hdi sinh vien tuang doi phong phO, phat huy tinh ndng dpng, chO ddng, sang tgo de sinh vidn trai nghigm tO' dd hinh thdnh, phat trien ky nang mem.
Tuy nhidn, diem hgn che noi bat trong v i n de bdi dudng ky nang mem cho sinh vidn la nha trudng ehua dua mdn hpc ve ky nang mem cho sinh vien vao chuang trinh dao tao;
ehua ed trung tam phat trien ky nSng mem; dpi ngO giang vidn ehua d u p e dao tao ve giang dgy ky nang mem eOng nhu thiet ke bai giang va to chO'c giang dgy tieh hpp theo hudng rdn luygn ky nang mem eho sinh vidn. Hoat ddng cua Doan thanh nien, Hpi sinh vidn chua that s y thu hut ddng dao sinh vien tham gia, cdn ft edu Igc bp, ehua td chdc Idp hpc ve ky nang mem cho sinh vien. Hg qua la nhieu doanh nghigp cho r i n g , sinh vidn mdi ra trudng g i n nhu chua quen vdi xa hdi cdng nghidp, idm vi$c cdn rdi rge, thieu tinh ky lugt, giao t i l p vd O'ng xu' kem, t h i l u t y tin. Dieu ndy da anh hudng khdng nhd den nSng s u i t lao dgng. Vi v$y, cae dan vj tuyen dyng lao ddng deu cho r i n g trong qua trinh dao tao tgi trudng dai hpe, c l n tgo d i i u kign cho sinh vidn tham gia hogt ddng thyc tidn, hogt dpng nhdm nhieu han de khi ra trudng cac em khdng phai b d ngd, cae nha tuyIn dung khdng phai m I t ehi phi cho vigc phai dao tgo Igi so lao dpng mdi d u p e tuyen dyng. Bai viet nay de cap mpt sd giai phap n h l m phat trien ky nang mem eho sinh vien dap O'ng ydu cau nhd tuyen dyng lao ddng | ^ . 2. T h y c trfing phat t r i l n ky nang m d m cho sinh vien T r y d n g Dgi hpc Cong nghe Giao t h o n g Vgn tai
Mac dO nh$n thO'c dOng d i n ve tam quan trpng, s y e l n thiet cua eae ky nang mem trongnghe nghigp va cude sdng, nhung p h l n Idn sinh vien eua Nha trudng chua hieu nhieu ve ky nang mem, chf cd 25% sinh vidn dupe hdi cho r i n g minh da hieu v l ky nang mem va tO'ng O'ng dyng nd vao t h y c te cupc sdng, trong khi dd, 42 % sinh vien dupe hdi mdi chT tung nghe qua nhung chua hieu rd, 32% dd hieu nhung ehua ed s y ung dyng vdo thyc te. Khi dupe hdi tryc tiep: "Em hieu ky nSng mem la gP", nhieu sinh vidn khdng tra Idi dupe hogc tra Idi va l l y vf dy khdng chinh xdc. Cd 68% sinh vidn d u p e hdi eho rang biet den ky nang mem tO" mgng xa hdi, 52% d u p e biet den tO' thay cd gido, chf cd 38% d u p e biet den ky nang mem tO' eae hogt ddng eua Doan, Hpl.
Qua khao sat t h y c trgng cho thay, sinh vien t y danh gia ky nang t y hpc va t y nghien CO'U, ky nang giao t i l p , ky nang nhdm, ky nang thuyettrinh...chld mO'c dp trung binh. C d 6 5 % sinh vidn du?<yc hdi tra Idi minh da tung tham gia phat b i l u trdn ldp, 5 1 % sinh vien da tOng tham gia thuyet trinh tren Idp va cae tap the khde (eae cau Igc bp...). Tuy nhien, ty Ig sinh vien d u p e tham gia thuyet trinh tren Idp rat khde nhau giua nam thO' 2 va nam thO' 4 (chi cd 30% sinh vien nam thu 2 dupe hoi minh da tham gia thuyet trinh thi con sd nay la 66% a sinh vidn nam thO' 4)... Nhin chung, sinh vidn cd nhgn thO'c vd hieu biet tuang ddi dung ve vai trd, myc dich, tinh can thiet cua cac ky nang mem. Tuy nhien, xdt ve yeu td chO quan cua sinh vien, eae em edn han ehe trong tinh chu ddng de t y minh hodn thien, ren luyen cac ky nang, nang Iyc de thue hien cac ky nang dd edn hgn che.. Cac hoat ddng eua Doan, Hpi, cac hogt dpng ngoai khda chua thyc s y phong phu va da dgng, chua thu hOt d u a c ddng dao sinh vidn tham gia (khoang 50% sinh vien dupe hdi cd biet den va tham gia cac hoat dgng cua Doan, Hdi); cac phuang phap day hpc tfch eye
56 66 thang 3/2019
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NGHIEN CLfU, TRAO DOI
nham phat huy vai trd trung tam cOa sinh vien chua d u a c nhidu giang vidn su' dung thudng xuydn; Nhd trudng chua dua mdn hpc Ky nang mem vao chuang trinh giang day [4].
3. Mpt s d giai phap n h l m phat trien ky nang mdm cho sinh vien trudng Dgi hpc Cdng nghe Giao thdng Van tai
3.1.Xay dyng chwang trinh va to chO'c dao tao, kiem tra, danh gia
Hign nay, da sd sinh vien cua trudng deu nhdn thue dupe tam quan trpng eua ky nang mem va cd nhu e l u d u a c trang bi ky nang m I m . Ky nang mem dang d u p e danh gia rat eao, d u a c xem la "chia khda" thanh edng cua ngudi lao dgng nhat la sinh vien s i p ra trudng.
Bdn canh dd ky nang mem cdn Id nhu cau xa hdi, eua nha tuyen dung Tuy nhien, sinh vien edn dang loay hoay ehua xae djnh duac phuang hudng hgc tap va O'ng dung thyc tien d ddu, y thue t y trau ddi giO'a cae sinh vidn khdng ddng deu nhau ndn nhung budi tpa ddm, hgi thao chua phat huy hipu qua. Do vdy, de phat trien toan dien va nang cao chat lupng ngudn nhan lye eOng nhu phat huy tdi da the manh cua sinh vien e l n ed mpt chuang trinh dao tgo phO hpp, thudng xuyen, lien tuc.
Myc tieu chuang trinh dao tao phai dam bao ehuIn d I u ra cua hpc phan v l kidn thde:
Myc tieu kien thO'c gdm 6 mO'c dp- Nhan biet, thdng hieu, van dung, phan tieh, danh gia, sang tao; chuan d l u ra eua hoc p h l n ve ky nang gdm 2 mO'c dp iam dupe va thdng thgo;
chuan d l u ra cua hoc p h l n ve thai dp: Tgo s u hinh thdnh thdi quen, tfnh each, nhan each.
Ben egnh dd c l n ed phuang phap kiem tra va danh gia muc dg nhan thyc, tien trien cua sinh vidn sau khi hgc. Xay dyng cae bang eau hdi khao sat danh gia thudng xuyen dam baoddnh gia todn dign dupe cac mat kien thue, ky nang, thai dg va phan hda dupe nang lue nhgn thue eua sinh vien.
T h u vien can bd sung cac d l u sach tham khao lien quan den phat trien ky nang mem cho sinh vien. Nen s i p xep sd lupng dudi 60 ngudi/ldp de tSng kha ndng bao quat eua giao vidn, kha nang tap trung cua sinh vidn va chia thanh cac nhdm nhd tang ca hpi giao tiep, tuang tae trdn Idp.
Nha trudng can quan tam hon van de trang bi ky nang mem cho sinh vien ngay tu' lue mdi nhgp hgc. Cd the td ehu'c cac budi tpa dam ve ky nang mem nhu: danh thdc khat vpng tudi tre, khdi nghidp -xen ke vdo trong tuan sinh hogt cdng dan. Sinh vien d u p e tiep xOc vdi cac dien gia, nhO'ng ngudi khdi nghigp thanh cdng...se cam t h I y t u tin han trong vigc djnh hudng con d u d n g di cua minh tuang tai g i n , eOng nhu gan k i t nidm tin vdi mdi trudng hpe tap tai Trudng Dai hpc Cdng nghd Giao thdng Van tai. Sinh vidn nhgn thdc dupe tam quan trong cua ky nang mem, de t y y thO'c trang bj ky nang mem s d m n h l t cho ban thdn.
Nha trudng nen td chO'c cae Idp dao tgo ky nang mem cho sinh vidn ngay tu' nam thO- nhlt.
Bdi theo tim hieu thi da so sinh vien hidn nay kha thy ddng, tham chi edn eho r i n g dieu gi quan trpng thi da d u p e nhd trudng dao tgo rdi, tham ehi la b i t budc phai hpc. VI vgy neu ky nSng mem ma khdng d u p e ehu trgng va dau t u , khdng ed trong ehuang trinh dao tao thi duang nhien cae em se nay sinh tam ly la la va khdng quan tam, khdng hung thu de trang b! va trau ddi. D d la ly do vi sao ma cac buoi hgi thao, chuyen de ve ky nang mem sinh vien lai r l t it tham gia va vien du ly do khdng tham d y du cho chinh ban than sinh vidn cung nhdn thue dupe t i m quan trpng cua ky nang mem sau khi ra trudng xin viec, di lam.
Doan thanh nien vdo cude mgnh me han trong vigc hd trp xay dung d y an nhdm, xay dyng eae d y an ho trp cpng ddng nhu: GiOp d d tre em nghdo, ngudi khuyet tgt, bao vd mdi trudng vgn ddng tim kiem ngudn lye (tai Iyc,
^ 5 6 6 6 - thang 3 / 2 0 1 9
NGHIEN Cmj, TRAO DOI
n h l m phat huy vai trd trung tam cua sinh vien chua dupe nhieu giang vien su- dung thudng xuyen; Nha trudng chua dua mdn hpe Ky nang mem vao chuang trinh giang day [4].
3. Mpt sd giai phap n h l m phat trien ky nang m I m eho sinh vien tru'dng Dai hpc Cong nghe Giao thdng Van tai
3.1.Xay dyng chwang trinh va to chuv dao tao, kiem tra, danh gia
Hidn nay, da so sinh vien eua trudng d l u nhdn thdc d u p e tam quan trgng cua ky nang mem va cd nhu cau duac trang bj ky nang mem. Ky nang mem dang dupe danh gia r l t cao, d u a c xem la "chia khda" thanh edng cua ngudi lao ddng n h l t la sinh vidn sap ra trudng.
Bdn egnh dd ky nang mem edn Id nhu c i u xa hpl, cua nha tuyen dung. Tuy nhien, sinh vien edn dang loay hoay chua xae dmh d u a c phuang hudng hpc tap va O'ng dyng thye tidn d ddu, y thue t u trau ddi giO'a cac sinh vien khdng ddng deu nhau ndn nhO'ng buoi tga dam, hdi thao ehua phdt huy hieu qua. Do vgy, de phat trien toan dign va nang cao chat lupng ngudn nhan Iyc cung nhu phat huy tdi da the mgnh cua sinh vien can cd mgt chuang trinh dao tgo phO hpp, t h u d n g xuyen, Hen tyc.
Mye tieu chuang trinh dao tgo phai dam bdo chuan d l u ra cua hpc phan ve kien thO'c:
Mye tieu k i l n thO'c gom 6 muc dg Nhgn biet, thdng hieu, van dung, phan tich, danh gia, sang tao; chuan dau ra cua hpe p h l n vd ky nang gdm 2 mO'c dp lam dupe va thdng thgo;
chuan dau ra cua hoc p h l n vd thdi dp: Tgo s y hinh thanh thdi quen, tinh each, nhan each.
Ben egnh dd e l n cd phuang phap kiem tra va danh gia mO'c dp nhgn thO'c, tien trien cua sinh vidn sau khi hpc. Xdy dyng cac bang cau hdi khao sat danh gia thudng xuyen dam baodanh gia toan di^n dupe cae mgt k i l n thO'c, ky ndng, thai dp va phan hda dupe nang Iyc nhgn thO'c cua sinh vien.
T h u vign c l n bd sung cae dau sach tham khao lien quan den phat tnen ky nang mem cho sinh vidn. Nen s i p xep sd lupng d u d i 60 ngudi/ldp de tang kha nang bao quat eua giao vien, kha nang tdp trung eua sinh vidn vd chia thanh cae nhdm nhd tang ea hpi giao tiep, tuang tac trdn Idp.
Nha trudng can quan tam han v i n de trang bj ky nang mem eho sinh vien ngay tu' lue mdi nhap hpe. Cd the td chuc eae budi tpa dam ve ky nang mem nhu: danh thO'c khat vong tudi tre, khdi nghidp...xen ke vao trong tuan sinh hogt cdng dan. Sinh vien d u a c tiep xOc vdi cae didn gia, nhO'ng ngudi khdi nghiep thdnh cdng...se c a m t h l y t y tin hon trong vide djnh hudng con d u d n g di eua minh tuang tai g i n , cOng nhu g i n k i t niem tin vdi mdi trudng hpe tap tgi Trudng Dai hpc Cdng nghd Giao thdng Van tai. Sinh vien nhdn thue dupe tam quan trpng cua ky nang mem, de t u y thO'c trang bj ky nang mem s d m n h l t cho ban than.
Nha trudng ndn td chuc cdc Idp dao tgo ky nang mem cho sinh vien ngay tu' nam thO' nhat.
Bdi theo tim hieu thi da sd sinh vidn hidn nay kha thy ddng, tham chi edn cho r i n g dieu gl quan trpng thi da d\yac nha trudng dao tgo rdi, tham chf la b i t bude phai hpe. Vi vgy neu ky nang mem ma khdng d u p e chu trpng va d l u tu, khdng cd trong ehuang trinh dao tgo thi duang nhien cac em se nay sinh tam ly la la va khdng quan tam, khdng hO'ng thO de trang bi va trau doi. D d la ly do vi sao ma cac buoi hdi thao, chuydn de ve ky nang mem sinh vidn lai rat It tham gia vd vien du ly do khdng tham d y dO cho chfnh ban than sinh vien eung nhan thue dupe tam quan trpng cua ky nang mem sau khi ra trudng xin viec, di lam.
Doan thanh nidn vdo cupc mgnh me han trong vigc hd tra xdy dyng d y dn nhdm, xay dyng cae d y dn ho trp cpng ddng nhu: GiOp d d tre em ngheo, ngudi khuyet tgt, bao vg mdi trudng van dpng tim kiem ngudn Iyc (tai Iyc,
t"5
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nhan Iyc, v§t lye) thye hidn ke hoach. Dy an se mang Igi bdi hpc ve tinh than cdng ddng sau s i c han cho sinh vien va tu' do hinh thanh y thO'c, ky nang cdng ddng. Doi vdi cac khoa cd sinh vidn quan ly nhu khoa cdng trinh, khoa kinh t l vgn tai, khoa cdng nghg thdng tin, khoa ca khi...ndn chu dpng ket ndi nhieu hon, thudng xuydn han vdi ede doanh nghigp, nha tuyen dyng iao ddng de sinh vien cd ca hOi giao luu, hpc hdi vd tim kiem co hpi vigc iam ngay tu' khi ngdi trdn g h l nhd trudng. Ben egnh dd c l n cd k l hogch cy the, kiem tra, danh gia vige tich hpp ky nang mem mpt each thye s y vao cae mdn hpc, bai giang g i n ly thuyet vdi thye tien eudc sdng se thOc day sinh vidn hpe tap hidu qua han. Trong qua trinh tuyen dyng, nha trudng c l n xem ky nang mem nhu mdt tidu chi danh gid nang Iyc nghidp vu s u phgm d l tuyen dyng giang vien, khdng dupe la la hay bd s d t Trong cdng tac giang dgy eua giang vien, c l n cd s y theo ddi, giam sat va hd trp kjp thdi de trang bj va phat huy nhO'ng ky ndng m I m e l n thiet. Bdi le, neu chi kiem tra nang lye cua giang vidn vdi sd t i l t It 61 trdn idp thi ed Chang kha nang xu' ly tinh hudng s y phgm, kha nang linh hogt thay ddi chfnh minh eua ngudi giang vidn hay kha nang giao tiep vdi sinh vien qua cac phuang tidn truyen thdng se khd cd the kiem chung toan vgn.
Can xdy dyng mpt he sinh thai md, phat trien toan dign kien thue - ky nang - thai dd k h I p todn trudng tu' can bp, giang vidn, sinh vien, bien hpc tap ky nang mem trd thanh nhu cau thyc s y c h u khdng phai s y bat bude.
3.2. Xay dyng dgi ngu giang day va co van hgc t$p
Do ydu cau quan trpng la trang bi ky nang cho sinh vidn, dao tgo ky nang mem ddi hdi tfnh thye hanh, tuang tae va linh hoat rat cao trong qua trinh giang day va huan luydn. Dieu ndy dat ra thach thO'c kha Idn vdi cac thay cd
da quen giang dgy ly t h u y l t hoae t h y c hanh chuydn ngdnh hgp. Chua ke den de giang dgy ky nang mem chfnh cac thay cd cung phai la nhO'ng nha thyc hanh ky nang mem x u l t s i c . Dieu nay thyc s y la mdt thach thO'c vdi dpi ngO giang dgy hien tgi d trudng.
Phat huy ky nang mem trong giang dgy cua giang vien khdng chi eung cap nen tang kien thde chuyen mdn, ky nang nghiep vu mdt each ed higu qua ma cdn nang cao nen tang tn thue, dgo ddc nhan van, y thO'c trach nhidm xa hpi cho mdi sinh vidn. Giang vidn Id ngudi tryc tiep theo ddi viec ren cae ky nang eua sinh vidn, ed vai trd quan trpng trong qua trinh hudng d i n va giOp d d sinh vien hoan thign nhu'ng ky nang, nen giang vidn phai ed nhdn thdc dOng dan ve muc tieu dao tgo giao dye rdn luydn ky nang mem cho sinh vien, phai ed tinh than trdeh nhidm cao, cd kinh nghiem va phuang phap giao dye phO hpp vdi nghe sinh vien theo hpc.
Doi mdi phuang phap dgy hpe, l l y ngudi hpe la trung tam. Giang vien e l n s u dung k i t hpp nhieu phuang phap giang dgy nhu phat van - ddi thogi tren Idp, thuyet trinh, didn giai, quy ngp, phdn tieh; phan tieh ket qua theo yeu cau t y hpc; nghien edu tai lieu (ty hpc); thao lugn trong nhdm (ty thye hidn), thao lugn tren Idp, iam cac bai tap thye hanh.
Toan bd bai giang bao gdm de euang mdn hgc, slide ehi tiet cho tO'ng budi hpe, bai dpc them, bai tap tinh huong, games phai dufoc xay dyng phu hpp vdi nhu e l u thyc tidn eua sinh vidn. Ket hpp phuang phdp giang day sang tgo de ngudi hpc chu ddng tich eye tiep thu kien thO'c va dgc bigt la xdy dyng trong ban than nen tang dgo dO'c nhan van, y thO'c traeh nhidm vdi cpng ddng, khai dgy tiem nang vd niem dam me sang tgo.
Giang vidn can cd phuang phdp ddng vien, khuyen khich hoe vien ehu dpng, tich eye
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tham gia iam vigc nhdm ddng thdi can cd ky nang k i t ndi, tong hpp kien thue, giai quyet cac tranh luan ddi lap, tim tieng ndi chung trong giai quydt nhipm vy. Ky nang lam vide nhdm ehi la mdt trong ede phuang phap giang dgy tich eye, giang vien hudng den, sau xa han la phai thue day d u p e qua trinh hpe tap, phat trien khdng ngO'ng cua ban thdn sinh vidn, hinh thdnh phuang phap t y hpc, t y tim kiem tri thue thdng qua nhieu ngudn tdi ligu khae nhau, chu ddng, tfch eye han. Vf nhu giang vidn cd t h i tang eudng eae hogt ddng giang dgy tich eye:
trd chai ddng vai, xem phim rOt ra bai hpe hogc xem xet mpt tinh hudng de phan tfch, giai quyet v i n de njt ra kinh nghigm sdng, nhdn thO'c.
Giang vien hudng dan sinh vidn cdeh t y hpc, t y nghien cO'u, tim kiem tdi lipu. Phat huy diem mgnh eua tung sinh vien ddng thdi nhdn ra, k h l c phye diem yeu eua ban than.
Trong phuang phap giang day hidn dgi can O'ng dyng edng nghg thdng tin hO'u ieh de bai giang sinh dpng, h i p dan, giup sinh vidn tiep thu k i l n thO'c mdt each tdt nhat. Giang vien van dyng t i t ca nhung trang thiet bi cung c l p k i l n thO'c nhieu nhat, day du nhat, dd hieu nhat cho sinh vien nhu: Hinh anh, md phdng 2D-3D, thf nghigm ao...
Giang vien, co van hpe tdp chfnh Id nhu'ng ngudi ehju traeh nhidm djnh hudng cho sinh vien ve vigc trang bj ky nang mem. Ludn n h l c nhd, dpng vidn khuyen khich sinh vien phat huy, SU' dyng ky nang mem trong mgi hoan canh. Ben egnh dd, giang vidn nen tgo co hdi eho sinh vidn ren luygn cac ky nang mem nay trong suot qud trinh hpc t | p va mpi hogt ddng sdng. Ban than giang vidn eOng nen hpc hdi vd trang bj ky nang mem eho minh, trd thdnh nhO'ng ngudi khdng chi truyen thy kien thO'c chuyen ngdnh ma edn truyen lO'a cho sinh vidn.
Ky nang tgo anh hudng va uy tin cua mdi giang vidn trudc sinh vien Id rat quan trpng.
Giang vien chfnh la t i m guang thyc te de sinh vien noi theo - t y tin, binh tTnh trong vigc ndu v i n de vd giai quyet van de, cung nhu thyc hign mpi cdng vide khae k i t hpp vdi dO'c tinh khiem tdn, tinh than cau tien, ham hpc hdi. Thudng xuydn trau ddi k i l n thO-c, ky nang chuydn mdn, m d rpng nen tang tri thdc eho ban than. Mgnh dgn ddi mdi t u duy, thay ddi, ludn khuyen khich ngudi hpc dgt ra cae v i n de cdn chua rd de giai quyet, khuyen khfch t u duy dgc Igp va sang tgo, xda bd ap d^t k i l n thue, hudng den vide phat trien nhgn thdc bdc cao cho sinh vien, do la phan tich, tong hpp, danh gia va de xuat.
Bdn egnh dd mdt yeu td quan trpng khde q u y l t djnh nua chfnh Id s y nang ddng, nhigt tinh va dam md cua ngudi giang vidn. Thdm ehi vige ddo tgo ky nang mdm r l t kdn giang vien va khdng phai giang vidn ndo cOng cd kha nang dam nhigm. VI v^y, sau khi da xay dyng xong chuang trinh dao tgo ky nang mem tae gia mudn de x u l t t h d m Id c l n hd trp giang vidn tham gia cdc khda hpc ky nSng mem thye te de hpc hdi kinh nghl$m, cOng nhu e h i t Ipc tri thue, dp dyng phO hpp vdi dgc thO trudng dgi hpc khdi ky thuat.
Nha trudng can xay dyng d u p e mdt dpi ngO giao vien dao tgo ky nang mem ca hO'u, chu dpng tranh phai lidn tyc mdi dien gia thudng xuyen vdi chi phi eao.
Cudi eOng, Idm sao mdl ngudi giang vien phai la mdt chuyen gia ve ky nang mem de chlnh ngudi hpc trd eua minh hpc hdi, trang bj ky nang mem cho ban than ngay chlnh tO' thay va bai giang cua thIy. Cd le dd cOng la trang bj ky nang mem uu tien va tdt n h l t cho sinh vien trong t i t ea cac each trang bj ky nang mem hign nay.
3.3.Tang ew&ng lien kit giO'a nha trwang v&i cac to chOv doanh nghidp, nhd tuyen dyng
M 5666-thang 3/2019
NGHIEN ctru, TRAO DOI
v l k i l n thO'c chuydn mdn thi ydu e l u eua nha t u y I n dyng thudng thay doi rat nhanh qua moi nam, d y a theo s y thay ddi cOa thj trudng vdi s y ra ddi cua nhO'ng xu hudng cdng nghe mdi. N I U chuang trinh dao tgo cua nha trudng ma khdng thay ddi kjp thi se t r d ndn lac h$u va dieu dd se Idm cho sinh vien chua du t y tin b i t tay vao edng vide.
De khae phye tlnh trgng trdn, dgc bidt la doi vdi nhdm nghe khoa hpc ky thuat; edng nghg thdng tin...cac doi tae vdi nhd trudng nen "d§t hang", djnh hudng va ydu e l u thiet ke chuang trinh dao tgo phu hpp vdi nhu eau cua tuyen dung.
c a c doanh nghigp, nhd tuyen dyng lien ket vdi nha trudng thudng xuyen to chO'c hogt dpng ho trp djnh hudng nghe nghigp, phoi hpp ehgt che vdi nha trudng trong vide ddo tgo ky ndng mem cho sinh vidn ddp O'ng yeu e l u cdng vide cua dan d | t hdng. Hoae cd the tai trp cae khda dao tgo ve ky nSng mem, td chO'c hgi thao ve ky nang mem; nhgn sinh vidn den thyc tap, tham quan ngay tgi doanh nghidp, cdng ty de khdng mat thdi gian va ehi phi "ddo tgo Igi"
sau khi sinh vidn tdt nghigp.
3.4.Giao dye nang eao nh$n thuv eOa sinh vien trong vi$c ty trau doi ky nang mem cho ban than
Sinh vien e l n djnh hlnh trude nhO'ng ky nang nao la can thiet cho cdng viec sau nay.
each duy n h l t de trau ddi ky nang m I m la phai luydn tgp, hgc hdi thudng xuydn, tgo cho minh mdt phan xg tO'c thdi moi khi gap cdc tinh huong c l n thiet.
Ban than tac gia khuyen khfch sinh vidn nen b i t dau di tam them trong gidi han cho phep tO' ngay khi edn d dai hgc. Bdi khi iam quen vdi mdi trudng Idm vl^c, t y sinh vien cOng cd the hinh dung ra d u p e nghe nghigp
minh mudn deo dudi Id gl, minh cd kha nang gi la noi trdi. Tuy cac cdng vi#c iam thdm cho sinh vien cdn rat dan gian nhung cOng hd trp dupe nhieu trong vigc trau ddi ky nang giao tiep, s y t y tin, cung nhu each xu- ly tlnh huong, v u p t len chfnh minh, phan bd va su' dyng thdi gian higu qua, t u duy tfch cue va sang tgo...
Qua qua trinh trai nghigm thyc te nhu tham gia eae hogt dpng thign nguygn cua doan thanh nidn, hdi sinh vidn, tham gia hogt ddng xa hdi, ede cau Ige bd ky ndng mem... sinh vien t y nhan thO'c cae thieu hyt ve ky nang mem cua ban than, chu dpng xay dyng mpt k l hoach hpe hdi, rdn luydn. Neu nghiem tOc nhin nhgn thi xdy dyng, phat trien ky nang mem thue s y la mpt qua trinh tich luy vdi Id trinh rdn luydn qua moi hpc ky vd mdi nSm hpc. De tO' nay cho d i n khi tot nghidp, ban than sinh vien se t u tin vdi nang lye eua minh cung vdi bp hd sa tim vigc hoan hao ddp O'ng nhu e l u eua nha tuyen dyng.
Tdm Igi, de phat trien ky nang mem cho sinh vidn Trudng Dgi hpc Cdng Nghg Giao thdng Van tai trong bdi canh hien nay, c l n thyc hign ddng bp cac giai phdp xay dyng chuang trinh dao tao, hlnh thO'c td chO'c dao tgo; xay dyng va nang eao chat lupng dpi ngO can bd giang day, cd v i n hpc tap; tang eudng lien k i t giO'a nhd trudng vdi cac td chO'c doanh nghigp, nha tuyen dyng tao mdi trudng cho sinh vidn rdn luydn ky nSng mem, gido dye ndng cao nhgn thO'c eua sinh vien trong vide t y trau ddi ky nang mem eho ban thdn. V i n de trang bj ky nang mem eho sinh vidn tO' viee thay ddi nhdn thdc den hanh dpng Id ca mdt qua trinh hanh dpng thdng nhat giO'a cae cap lanh dgo - nha tuyen dyng - giang vidn - sinh vien, ma trudc h i t la can s y quan tam sau sat hon nO'a cua lanh dgo nha trudng dap O'ng nhu c i u , nguygn vpng va mong mudn eua sinh vidn •
NGHIEN Ctru, TRAO DOI
Tai li#u tham khao
1. Nguyin Ba Difcng (2012), NhO'ng kf nang m^m gJOp sinh vign min ra Imcfug thuyet phye nha tuyen dyng, tham l<hao tai website' http://wv™.lhu.edu.vn, 6/10/2012
2. TS. Vu The DOng, TrSn Thanh Tong (2009), Yeu cau cua nha tuyen dyng ve nhOng ky nang v&\ sv mai tot nghidp cac nganh quan ly. O'ng dung phu'ong phap phan tich noi dung, Khoa Quan Ly C6ng NghiSp_ Bai Hpc Bach Khoa Tp. HCM.
3. Ths. H^ Ho^ng Giang, Nghien ci>u x^y dyng chuong trinh dao tao ky nSng mem cho sinh vi6n Trydng Bai hgc Cong nghe Giao thong van Tai, NCKH trying fl^i hoc Cong nghe Giao thong V^n Tai, 2018.
4. Ths.NguyIn Thi Hoa, Phat trien ky nang mem cho sinh vien trying Dai hgc Cong
nghi Giao thdng van tai- Thyc trang v^ mot so giai phap, NCKH trying Bai hgc C6ng nghi Giao thong VSn Tai, 2016
5. Le Hgang Quan (2012), Phat triSn kj nang mem (Soft Skills) cho sinh viin, tham khao tai website: http://www.uef.edu.vn/tin-uef/
ky-yeu-hoi-thao-huan-luyen-ky-nang-va-thai- dotao-dung-hanh-trang-vung-chac-cho-sv- vao-doi-118, 25/11/2012
6. S. lUlangala Ethaiya Rani (2010), "Need and Importance of soft skills in students".
Journal of Literature, culture and Media studies, ISSN: 0974-7192, Vol.-ll 3 Jan-June (Summer) 2010, pg 1-6
7. Sharayu Potnis (2013), "importance of soft skills in students' life". Cyber Literature:
The International Online Journal: ISSN: 0972- 0901 Volume:6 lssue:1, June 2013, pg 5
THE SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOP SOFT SKILLS FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY
TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF CURRENT HUMAN RESOURCES
Ha Hoang Giang *
Email: [email protected]
Pham Thi Thuong Abstract:
It can be seen that It is of great importance to understand the requirements of high quality human resources in the current context, which can be considered a key factor determining the success of students after graduation, in addition to the criteria of professional knowledge, the soft skills criterion Is paid special attention by the recruitment agencies. Grasping the actual needs of the labor market, the University of Transport and Technology has actively renovated the practical training program in a strong and drastic manner, focusing on fostering and developing soft skills for students.
Keywords: Soft skills, human resources, university training.
• Ha Hoang Giang, Pham Thi Thuong - University of Transport Technology
