HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC V£ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT LAN THlj 5
DANH GIA DA DANG TAI NGUYEN CAY THUOC 6 HAI XA THONG THU VA HANH DICH,
HUYEN QUE PHONG, TINH NGHE AN
NGUYEN THU'gfNG HAI Sd Gido dgc vd Ddo tgo linh Ngh^An NGUYEN NGHiA THIN Trirdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc lir nhien, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi PH4.M H 6 N G B A N , D A O THI MINH CHAU Trirdng Dgi hgc Vinh Que Phong la huyen vimg mii cao giap Lao, nim ve phi'a Tay Bae tinh Nghe An. Day la khu vyc ddng bao cdn gap nhieu khd khan, ca sd y te ngheo nan, trang thiet bj thieu thon, thuoc vija thieu lai cd gia cao so vdi muc sdng cua ngudi dan. Bdi vay, khi mic benh, ngudi dan thudng dua vao cac dng lang, ba me vdi cac san pham thudc men chu yeu tir rung. Day la nguon tai nguyen vd gia vdi nhilu eay Ihudc va bai thudc dan gian cd gia tri ciia ddng bao cac din tgc thieu sd. Tuy nhien, do nan pha rimg bira bai, khai thae khdng ke hoach, d nhiem moi trudng khien cho ngudn lai nguyen cay thudc bj suy giam mgi each nhanh chdng va trd nen khan hiem.
Viec nghien ciru tai nguyen thuc vat ndi chung va tai nguyen cay thude ndi rieng d Que Phong van chua dugc quan lam dimg mirc. Chinh vi vay, chiing tdi da tien hanh dieu tra, danh gia tinh tinh da dang nguon tai nguyen cay thuoc d khu vuc xa Thdng Thu va Hanh Dich, huyen Que Phong, tinh Ngh$ An nham gdp phin bao tdn tri thuc y hgc ban dja va phat triln tai nguyen rimg ben viing. Bai bao nay cdng bd nhirng ket qua nghien cdu dugc tien hanh trong nam 2009- 2011 cua nhdm nghien ciru.
I. ©61 TUgfNG, pmroNG PHAP NGHIEN cuti
1. Boi tugng
Ddi tugng la cac loai thuc vat bae cao cd mach dugc ngudi dan tgc Thai xa Thdng Thy va Hanh Dich sir dung lam thude.
2. Phuong phap nghien ciru
- Tien hanh phdng van ngudi dan va cac thay lang dja phucmg; dieu tra theo tuyen de thu thap mau val qua cgng ddng dan tgc Thai.
- Xu Iy va bao quan mau: Mau thue vat dugc ep, xii ly sa bg ngoai thue dja roi dua ve piian tich, xu ly, ngam tam hoa chit, lam tieu ban va luu trir tai Bao tang Thyc vat, khoa Sinh hpc, Dai hgc Vinh. Phuang phap dieu tra, lap tuyln khao sat, thu va xiJr ly mlu dugc ap dyng theo Nguyin NghTa Thin [2].
- Xay dung bang danh lue cac loai cay thudc tai khu vyc nghien cuu theo h? thong eua Brummit [3]; ten khoa hgc duge chinh Iy thdng nhkt theo Danh lyc cae loai thuc v?t Vift Nam [4].
- Ket hgp kit qua dilu tra phdng van nguai dan vdi tra cuu cdng dyng eua cac loai cay
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TQAN QUOc V£ SINH THAI VA TAl NGUYEN SINH VAT LAN THLT 5 B. K £ T QUA NGHIEN ClTU
I Da dang ve so loai cay thuoc dugc dong bao Thai sir dung
So lugng cac loai cay thudc dugc ddng bao Thai su dung d khu vuc nghien ciru la 139 loai thugc 120 chi, 64 hg trong 4 nganh thuc vat bac cao cd mach. Trong do nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) chilm ty le ldn nhat d cac mire do khac nhau: 56 hg, chilm 88%; 114 chi, chiem 95% vdi 131 Ioai, chiem 94%; cac nganh cdn lai la Thdng dat (Lycopodiophyta), Duong xi (Polypodiophyta), Thdng (Pinophyta) chiem sd lugng khdng dang kl. Kit qua thanh phan loiii cay thudc dugc the hien trong bang 1.
Thanh phan cac bac taxon cay thuoc tai khu vuc nghien cuu
Bdng J
Nganh
Thfing dat (Lycopodiophyta) Dirong xi (Polypodiophyta) Thfing (Pinophyta) Ng9C lan ((Magnoliophyta)
Tong S6
Hp S6 lti'9'ng
1 3 1 69 64
Tyl?
(%)
2 5 2 91 100
Chl S6 lu'O'ng
1 4 1 114 120
T y l f
(%)
1 3 1 95 100
Loai S6 iiK?ng
1 6 1 131 139
Tyl?
(%)
1 4 1 94 100
Kel qua phan tich nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta)-nganh da dang nhat tai khu vuc nghien cuu dugc the hien trong bang 2.
Bdng 2 So luong hg, chi, loai trong nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta)
Liip
Lip Nggc lan Magnoliopsida Lop Loa ken Liliopsida
Tong
Ho S6 lu'O'ng
46 10 56
Tyl?
(%)
82,10 17.90 100
Chl S6 luo'ng
86 28 114
Tyle
(%)
76,40 24,60 100
Loai S6 luong
108 23 131
Tyle (•A) 82,40 17,60 100 Nhu vay, Idp Nggc lan (Magnoliopsida) chiem uu the vdi 108 loai, 86 chi, 46 hg chiem 82,4% tdng sd loai; 75,4% so chi va 82,1% ldng sd hg so vdi ldp Loa ken (Liliopsida) vdi 23 loai, 28 chi va 10 hg chilm 17,6% tdng so loai; 24,6%i sd ehi va 17,9% sd hg. Ty le Idp Nggc lan/ldp Loa ken la 4,7: 1. Dieu nay cho thay ldp Nggc lan ddng vai trd chu dao ciia he thirc vat lim thudc va khu h? thyc v?t d day mang tinh chat nhiet ddi dien hinh.
2. Da dang vc dang than ciia cay
Ben canh ve su da dang sd lugng cac taxon thi su da dang ve dang than cd mgt gia trj vd cimg quan trgng. Bdi dang than thi hign su thich nghi cua cae Ioai thyc vat vdi mdi 1021
H Q I NGHj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U Q C V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THCT 5
trudng sdng cua chiing. Tir ket qua nghien cuu ve dang than se gdp phan djnh hudng cho viec khai thae, trdng va sir dung hgp ly ngudn tai nguyen cay thudc. Kel qua nghien ciru cay thudc tai khu vuc xa Thdng Thu va Hanh Djch cho thay, cay thudc d day cd 04 d^na than chinh:
Nhdm thu nhat cd ty le eao nhat la cay than thao vdi 71 Ioai (chiem 51,07%), nhiing Ml cay nay sdng chu ylu d dudi tan rirng, tren cac trang cay bui (ddi), vudn nha, khe suoi chil yeu ', tap trung d cac hg nhu: Verbenaeeae, Asteraeeae, Lamiaceae, Acanthaceae, Araceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, Euphorbiaceae... Nhdm thu 2 gom nhirng cay bui vdi 39 loai (chiem 28,46%), chung chu yeu mgc d eac trang eay bui, d dudi tan rirng, thugc cac hg: Moraceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae... Nhdm thu 3 la cay than gd vdi 12 loai (chiem 8,60%)). Nh6mthir4 cd ty le thap nhat la cay than leo, than bd vol 17 loai (chiem 11,87%).
3. Da dang trong cac bo plian dugc sir dung
Bg phan dugc sir dung nhieu nhat la la cd tdi 83 loai (chiem 59,71% so vdi tdng s6 loai dieu tra), tilp din la than 25 loai (chilm 17,99%), qua cd tdi 12 loai (chilm 8,63%), hat 5 Ioai (chiem 3,6%), cu va re mdi dang 4 loai (chiem 2,88%), hoa va vd mdi thu chi cd 2 loai (chiem 1,44%), cac bd phan khac nhu nggn eay va mil chiem sd Iugng khdng Idn vdi mii Ioai I Ioai (0,72%).
So Iugng cac bg phan cua cSy thuoc dugc sv dung TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bo p h | n La Than
Qua Hat Cu Ri
Hoa Vo Ngon
Mu
S6 luo'ng 83 26 12 5 4 4 2 2 1 1
Tyl?(%) 59,71 17,99 8,63 3,60 2,88 2,88 1,44 1,44 0,72 0,72
4. Da dang cac benh chtra tri
Tu kinh nghiem y hgc cd truyin cho thay mdt cay cd the ed tac dyng vdi nhieu lo^i b?nh vi ngugc lai cd benh phai diing nhilu loai cay mdi chira dugc. Tir ket qua dilu tra chung tdi chia
HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U Q C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N THllf 5
Su da dang v l cac nhdm benh durgc chira tri b^ng cSy thuoc d* viing nghien cu-u TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Cac nhom b f n h Benh ngodi da (nhilm tiung, iff, mun nhot,..) Benh do thoi ti§t (cam nong, lanh, dau diu...) Benh v l tieu hoa (ta, li, ngp doc.) B^nh ve than (soi th|n, loi tieu, viem th|n...) Benh v l xuang (gay xuong, bong gan ..) B#nh v l phy nu (de, da con .) Boi bo sue khoe
B^nh ho hap (ho, phe quan, phii..) Benh ve gan (gan, da vamg...) Cac nhom benh khac
Benh v l thin kinh (bai liet, than kinh...) Benh v l mit
Tre em (suy dmh du&mg, giun san, vgn minh...) Dong vat c i n (sen, vit d n . . )
Benh ve rang Benh da day Benh ung thu (cac loai u ..)
S6 lirong 23 21 15 13 13 11 8 7 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 1
Ty le {%) 16,55 15,11 10,79 9,35 9,35 7,91 5,76 6,04 3,6 3,6 2,88 2,16 2,16 2,16 1,44 1,44 0,72 Qua bang tren cho thay, cay thudc chUa nhdm benh ngoai da (nhiem trimg. Id, mun nhgt...) chiem ty le cao nhat vdi 23 loai (chiem 16,55% tdng sd loai), tiep den la benh do thai tiet thay ddi (cam ciim, ndng sdi...) vdi 21 Ioai (chiem 15,11%), benh xuong khdp (bong gan, gay xuong. thap khdp...) vdi 13 loai (chiem 9,35%o), thap nhat la nhdm benh chua ung Ihu vdi 1 loai (chilm 0,72%).
5. Danh siich cac loiii cay thuoc quy hiem trong Sach Bd Vict Nam
Bdng 5 Danh sach cac loai cay thuoc quy hiem trong Sach Dd Viet Nam d viing nghien ciiu TT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Ten khoa hgc Ardisia silveslns Pitard Rauvolfia micrantha Hook.f.
Stemona cochlnchinensis Gagnep, Tacca Intergrifolia Ker-Gawl Peliosanlhes tela Andr Melientha suavis Pierre
Hg Myrsinaceae Apocynaceae Stemonaceae Taccaceae Convallanaceae Qpiliaceae
Ten Viet Nam Khoi tia Ba ggc la mdng Bach bg nam Ngai rgm Sam cau Rau sing
SD 2007 VU
vu
VU
vu vu vu
HQI NGH! KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I V A TAI N G U Y E N SINH V A T L A N THQ- 5
Tir bang 5 cho thay cd 6 loai cay thude d khu vue nghien cuu cd trong Sach Dd Vi?i Nam tij nam 2007. Day cung la cac loai cay thudc quy dang bj khai thae m?nh hau nhu khSp cac viing tren ca nude. Tren ca sd thdng ke nay Nha nude can quan tam va cd chi'nh sach uu tien trong viec bao tdn cac loai eay thudc quy hiem.
III. KET LUAN
1. Sd loai cay thudc duge ddng bac Thai d 2 xa Thdng Thy va H?inh Djch (huy?n Quj Phong tinh Nghe An) su dung lam thudc la 139 loai, 120 chi, 64 hg thugc 4 nganh thyc v(it bac cao cd mach la Thdng dat (Lycopodiophyta), Disetrg \i (Polypodiophyta), Thdng (Pinophyta) va Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta). Trong dd, nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) uu the nhat vdi 131 loai, chiem 94%i tdng sd loai cua loan khu he.
2. Ti'nh da dang dugc the hien d 4 nhdm cay gdm than thaocd ty le cao nhat chiem 51,07%, tiep den la nhdm cay bui, cay gd va thap nhat la nhdm than leo, ehiem 11,87%.
3. Tat ca cac bg phan ciia cay deu cd the su dung lam thudc. Bd phan dirge su diing nliieu nliat la la chiem tdi 59,71 %»; tiep din la than, qua, hat, cii, re, hoa va vd cac bg phan khac (ngpn cay va mil ehiem sd lugng khdng ldn, mdi loai 1 loai (0,72%i)).
4. Sir da dang ve chiJa trj eac nhdm b?nh kha rd rang: Benh ngoai da ehiem 16,55% so vdi tdng sd loai dieu tra, tiep den la benh xuong khdp ehiem 9,35%, benh do thdi till chiem
15,11%... thip nhat la nhdm benh chO'a ung thu chi chiem 0,71%.
5. 0 khu virc nghien ciru ed 6 loai cay thudc dugc nghi trong Sach Dd Viet Nam (2007). TrSn CO sd thdng ke nay nha nude can quan tam va cd chinh sach uu tien trong viec bao tdn cac loai cay thudc quy hiem.
TAI U E U THAM KHAO
1. Bg Khoa h9c va Cong ngh?, Vi?n Khoa hgc vh Cong ngh| Vift Nam, 2007. Sich Do Vi§t Nam (PhSn II-Thirc vat). NXB. KKTN & CN, Ha Ngi.
2. Nguyen Nghla Thin, 1997. Cim nang nghien ciru da dgng sinh vat. NXB. Ndng nghi?p, Hi Ngi.
3. Brummitt R. K., 1992. Vascular Plant families and genera. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
4. Nguyin Tien Ban (chu bien), 2003, 2005. Danh luc cac loai Ih^rc vat Viet Nam. NXB. Nong nghiep, HaNgi, tap2, 3.
J. Vo van Chi, 2012. Tir diln cay thulc Viet Nam. NXB. V hgc. Ha Ngi, tap I, II.
6. Do T3t Loi, 1999. Nhiing cay thudc va vj thudc Viet Nam, NXB. KHKT. H^ Ngi.
7. D5 Huy Bich, Oang Quang Chung, Biii Xuan Chuong, Nguyen Thugng Dong, DS Trung Dim, Pham Van Hien, Vii Nggc Lo, Pham Duy Mai, Pham Kim Man, DoSn Tlij Nhu, Nguyen T?pi Tran Toan, 2006. Cay thuoc va dgng vat lam thudc d Viet Nam. NXB. KHKT, Ha Ngi, tap 1,1138 trang; tap II, 1256 uang.
8. Tr3n Dmh Ly {chii bien), 1993. 1900 loai cay c6 ich d Viet Nam, NXB. Thi gidi, Ha Ngi.
HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAl VA TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT LAN THlj 5 EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT DIVERSITY IN THONG THU AND HANH DICH COMMUNES. QUE PHONG DISTRICT, NGHE AN PROVINCE
NGUYEN THUONG HAI, NGUYEN NGHIA THIN, PHAM HONG BAN, DAO THI MINH CHAU
SUMMARY
Research results showed that the medicinal plants at Tbong Thu and Hanh Dich communes (Que Phong district, Nghe An province) consisted of 139 species, 120 genera, 64 families belonging to 4 vascular divisions: Lycopodiophyta, Polypodiophyta. Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta
Many different kinds of plants and parts of plants used as medicine. In which, herbaceous plant is the largest group with 71 species (51 07%) and the leave are used the most commonly with 83 species (59.71%). The medicinal plants distributed mainly on milpa, limestone mountain, scrub, grassland, and nearby roadsides and watersides.
Medicinal plants at research area are used to treat 17 different disease groups. In which, skin diseases group is highest with 23 species (16.55%), followed by patients due to weather 21 species (15.11%) lowest cancer. Among the medicinal plants, we identified that the 6 species are listed in the 2007 Vi^am Red Data Book
