due doi vdi l(hoa kh\ SO sol tri/olng

Ha van Quf nh, VUdng Thi PhUOng Hanh

SO yeu cau ve cd sol vat chat, thiet bj tri/olng hpc doi vdi cac mon l(hoa hpc xa hpi kh\ thifc hien

ChUdng trinh Giao due phd thong mdi

Ha Van Quynh', VUdng Thj Phifdng Hanh^

' Email: havanqiyih@gmail,ccm ' Email: viionghanh0503@gmai1,com Vien Khoa hgc Giao due Viet Nam 52 Lieu Giai. Ba Oinh, Ha Ngi, Vi§l Nam

TOM TAT: Hien nay, Viet Nam dang tien hanh doi mdi can bin, toin dien giio due vi dao tao trong dieu kien ve co sd vat chat, thiet bi trudng hoc cdn nhieu khd khan, bat cap. Viec dua ra nhdng yeu ciu vS cd sd vit chit, thiit bi trudng hgc li can thiet, lam can cd budc dau xic dinh mdc do dap dng hoic dieu chinh, bo sung, dam bio su phu hop trong hoat dpng giio due khi thuc hien Chuong trinh Giio due pho thdng mdi.

TLf KHOA: Giao due pho t h d n g ; cd sd vat chat; thigt hi trddng hpc.

• • Nhan bSi 04/B/2019 - » Nhan ket qui phan bien va chinti sifa 22/9/2019 -^ Djyet dang 25/10/2019

1. Dat van d e

Theo dong chay toan cau hoa, triet li ve giao due (GD) cho th8 ki XXI da co nhiing bien doi sau sac, do la lay "Hgc thu&ng xuyin sudt dai" lam nen mong, dua tren cac muc tieu tong quat, bon tm cot cua viec hpc la: "Hgc de biit, hgc de ldm, hgc di ciing sdng v&i nhau vd hgc di ldm ngu&i"

nham huong toi xay dimg mot "xd hdi hgc tap ". De hien thirc hoa muc dich do, chuong trinh (CT) GD pho thong (GDPT) moi da duoc xay dimg theo dinh huong phat trien pham chat va nang lire ngiroi hpc, tao moi tnrdng hpc tap va ren luyen giiip hpc sinh (HS) phat trien hai hoa ve the chat va tinh than; Trd thanh ngirai hpc tich cue, tu tin, c6 y thirc lua chpn nghe nghiep va hpc tap suot doi; Co nhiing pham chat tot dep va nang luc can thiet de tra thanh nguai cong dan co trach nhiem, nguoi lao dong co van hoa, can oil, sang tao, dap ung nhu cau phat trien cua ca nhan va yeu cau clia sir nghiep xay dimg, bao ve dat nuoc trong thoi dai toan cau hoa va each mang cong nghiep mai.

Tuy nhien, Viet Nam tien hanh doi moi can ban, toan dien GD va dao tao trong dieu iden ve co so vat chat (CSVC), Ihiet bi truong hpc (TBTH) con nhieu kho khan, bat cap va chira thk dap img ngay CT GDPT mai. Bk co loi giai cho van dh nay, cin dua ra nhirng yeu ciu vk CSVC, TBTH trong tmong pho thong, lam can cir buac dau xae dinh mirc dp dap img hoae dieu chinh, bo sung, dam bao su phii hop trong hoat dpng GD khi thuc hien CT GDPT moi.

2. N6i dung nghi§n cifu

2.1. Chddng trmh mon Khoa hgc xa hgi trong Chddng trinh Giao due pho thong

GD Khoa hpc xa hpi (KHXH) dupc thuc hien a mot s6 mon hpc va hoat dpng GD, trong do tap trung a mpt s6 mon Iipc: Lich su va Dja li (tu lop 4 dSn lap 9); Lich sir, Dia li (cap Trung hpc pho thong) va GD cong dan (Dao diic a cap Tieu hpc, GD cong dan a cSp Trung hpc co sa, GD kinh te va phap luat a cap Trung hpc ph6 thong).

GD cong dan giii vai tro chu dao trong viec GD cho HS y thuc va hanh vi ciia nguoi cong dan. Thong qua cac bai hoc vS loi song, dao diic, phap luat, kinh te, mon GD cong dan gop phan boi du5ng cho HS nhiing pham chat chu yeu va nang luc cot loi ciia nguoi cong dan, dac biet la tinh cam, nhan thirc, niem tin, each iing xir phii hop voi chuan muc dao dtic va cac quy dinh ciia phap luat, co kT nang song va ban ITnh de hoc tap, lam viec va san sang thirc hien trach nhiem cong dan trong su nghiep xay dung, bao ve To quoc va hpi nhap quoc te [1; tr. 3].

Npi dung c6t loi ciia mon Lich sir va Dia li dugc to chiic theo cac mach chinh la dai cuong, th6 gioi, khu vuc, Viet Nam va dia phuong, bao dam cau tnic: Qua trinh tien hoa (thoi gian, khong gian), qua trinh lich su dung nuoc va giii nuoc, kien tao nen van minh - van hien ciia dan toe Viet Nam; Sir phat tnen cua ti6n bp xa hpi va nguyen nhan cila hung thinh, suy vong qua nhung thai ki cua cac qu6c gia - dan toe; Cac thanh tim chinh ve kinh te, xa hoi, van hoa, van minh; Cac ca nhan, tap doan nguoi trong quan he hop tac, canh tranh; DiSu kien tu nhien va tai nguyen thien nhien; Dac diSm dan cu, dac diem quan cu trong khong gian va thoi gian lich su; Co cSu va phan b6 nen kinh te v6 mpt s6 chii dk lien mon kk noi cac npi dung ciia lich su, Dia li kinh tk - xa hpi, Dja li tu nhien.

Muc tieu xuyen su6t cua cac mon KHXH ta gop phan giiip HS hinh thanh va phat trign nhirng pham chat chu yeu va nang luc c6t loi tren ca so nSm virng he thong tri thuc CO ban vk KHXH; Chuin bi cho nhiing cong dan tuong lai hi6u ro han vk the gioi ma hp dang song, su kk noi, tuang tac gitra con nguai vai con nguai, giua con nguoi voi moi truong xung quanh, giua dan toe vol the giai; Truyk cam hiing cho HS kham pha ban than, cac vin dk ciia dat nuac, khu vuc va thS gi6i co Hen quan true tigp dkn cuoc song;

Giup HS hieu bi^t, co tu duy dpc lap va sang tao. KHXH dong vai tro chii dao trong viec GD nhan sinh quan, the giai quan, hoan thien nhan each, GD y thuc dan tpe, tinh

So 22 thang 10/2019 89

NGHliN CQULf LUAN

than yeu nuac, cac gia tri nhan van, tinh than cong dong va nhiing pham chat tieu bieu ciia cong dan toan eSu (ban ITnh, ket noi, ca tinh, yeu thuang) trong xu the phat trien, doi mai, sang tao cua thoi dai [2; tr.l 8].

De dat dupc muc tieu noi tren, CT GD noi chung va cac mon KHXH noi rieng can sir doi mai mang tinh dong bp, toan dien ca ve npi dung, phuang phap, kiem tra danh gia, nhan lire (ngucri day, nguoi hpc, nguai quan li...), vat lire (CSVC, TBTH...). So vai nhiSu mon hpc khac trong CT GDPT, cac mon KHXH khong doi hoi nhieu ve dieu kien CSVC, TBTH. Tuy nhien, nhimg yeu ciu ca ban dk cac eo so GD CO thg t6 chirc day hpc theo dinh huang phat trien nang luc can dupc dam bao.

2.2. NhQng yeu cau ve cd sd vat chat, thiet bj trddng hoc doi v6i cac mon Khoa hgc xa hgi lihi thde hien doi mdi giao due pho thong

2.2.1. Yeu cau ve cd sd vat chat

Thuc hien CT GD moi khong co nghTa la toai bo di tat ca nhung gi dang co ma can co su duy tri, ke thira va van dung linh hoat phii hop v6i thirc tien. Trong qua trinh thuc hien CT GD moi, cac truang can song song tien hanh kiem tra, ra soat, bo sung, dieu chinh, thay the... theo quy dinh. Xay dung CSVC truong hpc chinh la tao ra m6i truang su pham CO diy dli phong hoc, phong chuc nang, phong lam viec, trang thiet bi, san choi,... Do chinh la tao ra moi truang su pham CO dii dien tich cho HS hoat dpng, co canh quan dep, hap din, h6 trp GD khuyet tat hpc hoa nhap, mang tinh GD cao dap ung yeu cau doi moi GD hien nay. Ve ca ban, he thSng CSVC Clia nha trudng can dam bao:

- Khuon vien nha truong xanh, sach, dep, an toan, thoang mat. Co cong, bien ten truong, tuong hoae hang rao bao quanh. Co san choi, bai tap the due the thao.

- Phong hoc, phong bp mon, bang, ban ghe cho giao vien (GV), HS dap ung ve s3 lupng, kich thuac, vat lieu, ket ciu, ki6u dang, mau sic... Phong hpc cap Tigu hpc bao dam 1 lop/phong d6 hpc 2 buoi/ngay va cap Trung hpc co so, Trung hpc ph6 thong bao dam yeu cau toi thigu 0,6 lap/

phong dg t6 chlie hpc cac mon tir chpn. Ban, ghe dii cho ngSi cho HS; dupc thigt ke 2 ch6 ngoi, bo tri linh hoat, phii hop voi yen ciu tam viec nhom thuong xuygn; co ban ghe phii hop cho HS kliuygt tat hpc hoa nhap (neu co).

- Co kh6i phong phuc vu hpc tap, khdi phong hanh chinh - quan tri, khu nha an, phong nghi (neu co), sanh - hanh lang, trang thigt bi van phong phuc vu cong tac quan ti, day va hpc nhu: Cac loai may van phong (may tinh, may in) phuc vu cong tac quan li va giang day, may tinh noi mang Intemet... Co trang thigt bj y tg toi thigu va tu thuoc voi cac loai thufic thilt ygu. Co nha de xe cho can bp, GV, nhan vien va HS.

- Co cong trinh ve sinh rigng cho can bp, GV, nhan vien, HS nam va nu, thuan lpi cho HS khuygt tat (neu co), vi tri phii hpp vdi canh quan truang hpc, an toan, thuan tien, sach se.

- Co ngu6n nuac sach dap iing nhu ciu sii dung cua can bp, GV, nhan vien va HS, he th6ng cung cip nuoc u6ng dat

tieu chuin. Co he thdng thoat nuac, thu gom rac va xu ii chat thai dam bao ve sinh moi tnrang.

- Co thu vign dap iing nhu ciu nghien ciiu, hpc tap cua can bp, GV, nhan vien va HS, dupc b6 sung sach, bao va tai lieu tham khao hang nam.

D6i voi cac mon KHXH, ngoai viec cin dam bao yeu cau chung trong CT GD, vg CSVC cin nhung ygu ciu nhu sau:

- CT cac mon KHXH co tinh ma, cho phep co nhUng digu chinh tiiy theo di€u kien GD cua dia phuang, ke hoach GD nha truong, d6i tupng HS, khong quy dinh npi dung chi tiet cho timg bai hoc (mon GD cong dan). Do do, cin thirc hien da dang hoa cac hinh thicc t6 chicc day hpc va sii dyng linh hoat CSVC, TBTH K6t hop cac hinh thiic hpc ca nhan, hpc nhom, hpc 6 lop, hpc ngoai thuc dia, hpc theo du an hpc tap,... cho phep khong gian hpc tap co sic da dang hon, mcr rpng hon khong chi trong lop hpc ma co the tai san trucmg, phong truygn th6ng, phong da nang, tham chi vupt ra ngoai ktiong gian truong hpc nhu hpc qua di tich, hpc qua di san, tham quan bao tang, lang nghg, chp, khu dan cu, khu san xuit, chg bign, khu bao ton tai dia phuang,... dg HS dupc trai nghigm, gin kgt giiia li thuygt vai thuc hanh, thyc dia.

- Trong quy dinh hien hanh, chua co phong hpc bp mon danh cho cac mon KHXH. Tuy nhien, tiiy vao digu kien, nha tmcmg van c6 thg xay dung phong hpc rigng cho cac b6 mon nay, nhat la de phuc vu mon hgc tu chpn a cap Trung hpc pho thong. Cimg vai phong bp mon, cac truang co thg tign hanh xay dung vuon truang/vuon dia li dg HS co thg tign hanh quan sat/do mpt so chi so thai tiet (lupng mua, phuong huong, huong gio), mpt so cay trong dac trung ciia dja phuang, thanh phan ciia dat, dp miin ciia dat...

- HS cap Tieu hpc, Trung hpc co sd, Trung hpc ph6 thong dgu CO nhitng moc tam sinh li bat on va gap phai kho khan vg van de hpc tap, sice khoe - siic khoe sinh san, nhan thiic vg ban than, lua chpn nghg nghigp, cac moi quan he voi ban be, thiy co, gia dinh... dg din den nhieng nhan thicc, hanh vi sai lech gay anh hudng true tigp den tinh cam, dao diic va kgt qua hpc tap. GD trong nha trudng, dac biet la cac mon KHXH khdng chi giiip cung cip kiln thiic ma cdn phai cd bien phap phat hien, ngan ehan, giai quylt, GD, hd trp cac em co tdi sdng lanh manh han, an toan han. Do do, cac nha trudng can cung cap tai lieu, xay dung mdi trudng canh quan xanh - sach - dep, an toan, than thien, ddng thai bd sung xay dung phdng hi vin hoc dudng, phdng nghi cho HS va GV

Ngoai nhiing yeu cau co ban ngu tren, cac trudng tiiy vao dieu kien va tinh hinh thuc te, cd thg bd sung xay mdi, didu chinh cdng nang theo quy dinh dl khai thae tdt nhit cac dieu kien ve CSVC phuc vu cho hoat dpng GD cua nha trudng.

2.2.2. Yeu cau ve thiet bi trddng hoc

TBTH ndi chung bao gdm: Thilt bi diing chung cho cac hoat dpng GD ciia nha trudng (nhu hg thdng loa dai, micro tang am, tivi, dau dTa, cac loai may chieu...), thilt bi dav h va ha ting cdng nghe thong tm. Ygu ciu chung v4 TBTH

Ha Van Qujnh, Vt/dng Thj Phiidng Hanh

nhir: Dam bao vl tien dp cung cip/trang bi trudc nam hpc 2020 - 2021; dam bao ve sd luong: Hien cd, bd sung (mua sim, tu lam, cai tidn...); Dam bao ve chSt lugng: Thigt bi phai dep (thg hien qua mau sac hai hda, hinh anh sac net, ehan thuc... nhim GD tinh tham mi, tang hiing thii khai thae va sir dung); Tinh khoa hpc/su pham (thg hien qua viec eung cip kien thiic chinh xae, quan sat de dang...); Tinh an toan (chat lieu, trong lupng).. .TBTH ndi chung de sit dung cho cac hogt ddng GD trong nha trudng, tuy nhien giiia cac mdn hpc khac nhau thi he thdng thiet bj day hpc (TBDH) khac nhau vdi nhirng ygu cau cQng khac nhau. Nhin chung, cac yeu cau ddi vdi TBDH cac mdn KHXH bao gdm:

- Khai thde hi thdng TBDH hiin cd: TBDH noi chung va TBDH cac mdn KHXH ndi rieng hien cd vdi khdi luong do so, CO gia tri vat chat (kinh tg) rat ldn, tuy cdn cd nhtrng khilm khuyet nhung nhin chung he thdng TBDH do da phat huy hieu qua tich cue trong qua trinh day hpc se dupc tan dung sir dung/khai thae trong CT GDPT mdi. Trong CT cac mdn hpc Bd GD»feDT cdng bd da neu ro dinh hudng vg TBDH cho timg mon hpc, cu the vdi cac mon KHXH nhu sau:

Cac TBDH ciia mon Dia li bao gom: Ban dd, atlat dia li, tap ban do dia li; Bieu dd, sa dd, Iupc dd, lat cat; Tai lieu, tu lieu (nien giam thdng ke, sd lieu kinh tg - xa hpi,..); Tranh anh ve cac su vat, hien tuang dia li tu nhign va dia li kinh te - xa hpi; Md hinh, mau vat; Cac dung cu, thidt bi (dia ban, nhiet ke, am ke, khi ap ke, may anh,...); Cac phan m6m day hpc, video clip; Cac thu vien sd (digital) chiia cac kho tu lieu day hpc dia li [3; tr. 61].

Cac TBDH cua mdn Lich sit: He thdng ban dd (ban dd the gidi, ban dd cac chtu luc, ban dd Ddng Nam A va Viet Nam); Tranh anh Uch sic, sa ban, so do, bieu dd vdl su ho trp cua cac phuong tien kT thuat nhu may tinh, den chigu, may chigu, tivi, radio, video, cac loai bang dTa,... Lich sir la mdn hpc cd he thdng kiln thiic thudc ve qua khii, hpc sinh khdng thg true tigp quan sat. Cdng nghe thdng tm se hd trp viec tai hign lich sic thdng qua cac phim tai lieu, ngudn sir lieu, hinh anh, video,...

Cac TBDH cua mdn GD cdng dan: Mdn GD cdng dan can dupc trang bi cac tu lieu, phuang tien, dd diing day hpc phii hpp vdi dSc trung cua mon hpc va didu kien thirc tg nhu: tranh, anh, bang, dTa, sach va tai lieu tham khao cd npi dung GD ve dao diic, kT nang sdng, kinh tg va phap luat, may chilu, tivi;...[l;tr 59],

Nhu vay, trong CT GD mdi, djnh hudng ciia Bd GD&DT ve TBDH ciia cac mdn KHXH khong cd sir thay ddi vl toai hinh, chap nhan su kit hop cua ca TBDH truyin thdng va hien dai, thiet bj duoc trang bi vdi thiet bi tir lam. Mpi TBDH deu khdng phai la van nang, deu c6 mat manh, han che nhit dinh, do do trong day hpc, GV va HS can ket hpp, phdi hpp sic dung cac TBDH vdi nhau nhu thigt bj tTnh vdi thiet hi dpng, thiet bj quan sat vdi thilt bj thuc hanh,... Dac biet, can tan dung triet de va khai thae thg manh ciia cac phuong ti^n, TBDH truygn thdng, thilt hi dac thii cua bd mdn, kit hpp vdi cac thilt bi hien dai, thilt bi ao, thilt bi sd

hda, mo phong, thiet bi dupc trang bi vdi thidt bi tu lam,...

Tliy vao npi dung bai hpc, phuong phap day hpc, cd thg kit hap sic dung cac loai hinh TBDH vdi nhau dk giai thich, chiing minh lam sang td van de ciia ddi tupng, sir vat, hien tupng.

- TBDH v&i viic phdt tnen ndng luc: Mdi mdn hpc, bai hpc trong CT GD KHXH ndi rieng, GDPT ndi chung dlu c6 nhiing gia tri rieng trong viec gop phan hinh thanh va phat tridn pham chat, nang lire cho ngudi hpc. Cac pham chat va nang luc dupc quy dinh trong CT khdng the taeh rdi ma dan xen, bd sung va hda quyen vdi nhau. Tuong tu nhu vay, mdi nang lire chung, nang luc chuygn mdn lai duoc tich tu va ldn dan lgn qua timg bai hpc, trong tirng mdn hpc.

Cac mdn hpc KHXH ciia CT GDPT mdi dgu de cao vai tro cua viec su dung TBDH thdng qua su hien dien (true tigp hoae gian tigp) cac nang lire sic dung cdng cu, phuang tien, thiet bi cua mon hpc. Vi du, mdn Lich sii d cap Trung hpc CO sd vdi nang luc cdng nghe thdng tin va truygn thdng, nang luc nhan dien va hieu tu lieu lich sii; Mdn Dia li d cap Trung hpc co sd vdi nang luc nhan thicc the gidi theo quan digm khdng gian (su dung phuong tiin di dinh hu&ng khdng gian), nang lire sii dung cac cdng cu ciia dia li hpc va khao sat thuc dia (khai thde tdi lieu thdnh vdn, sie dung bdn do, phdn tich biiu dd, sa dd, khai thde Internet), nang lire van dung kien thuc, kT nang vao thuc tien {cap nhgt thdng tin, lien hi thue te); Mdn GD cdng dan d cap Trung hpc phd thdng vdi nang lire giai quygt van dg vg kinh te (biet sd:

dung cdng nghi thdng tin vd tan dung triet de nhimg cdng nghe hien cd trong viic thu thdp, tim kiem. phdn tich du lieu kinh fe),.,.Thdng qua thuc hanh, sic dung TBDH, cac em dupc ren luyen mdt sd kt nang nhu tim toi, sang tao, tu hpc va hpp tac de sir dung phuong tien do. De cd the hmh thanh va phat trien nang luc sii dung TBDH cho HS, can phai xae dinh viec sic dung TBDH khdng phai la viec rieng ciia GV ma cua ca thay va trd. Tiiy vao npi dung bai hpc, thdi gian, dilu kien trudng ldp,...ma GV dieu tiet viec sir dung, khai thae thilt bi cho phu hpp theo phuang eham: "'Tgo diiu kiin cho HS nghT nhieu hem, ldm nhiiu han vd thdo lugn nhieu had".

- TBDH v&i dgy hgc tich hgp: Mdt trong nhiing diem mdi dang chu y ciia CT GDPT mdi la su xuat hien ciia cac mdn hpc tich hpp. Vi du d cap Trung hpc co sd la mdn Lich sic va Dja li.

Ydu ciu ddi vdi day hpc tich hpp la dinh hudng day hpc giiip HS phat triln kha nang huy ddng tdng hpp kidn thiic, kT nang,... thudc nhilu ITnh vuc khac nhau dg giai quyet cd hieu qua cac vin dg trong hpc tap va cupc sdng, dupc thuc hien ngay trong qua trinh tinh hdi tri thirc va ren luydn kT nang. Vi du: Kiln thiic Ljeh sir va Dia li trong chii quyen biln, dao, dia li dia phuong, GD mdi trudng, GD di san;

Dia ti va GD cong dan trong GD phap luat, GD dao diic, Idi sdng cho HS,... Ciing vdi ndi dung day hpc, TBDH tao co hoi cho HS va GV phat trien cac nang luc: hidu bilt thau dao vg day hpc tich hop (ndi mdn, lidn mdn); Nang luc chuygn mdn sau, kien thicc lidn nganh rpng, ki nang thuc So 22 thang 10/2019 91

NGHIEN COru LI'LUAN

hanh tdt va vdn hidu bigt xa hdi; Nang lire khai thae, sir dung thong tin hieu qua; Nang lire giai quylt vin dl; Nang luc gan ti thuygt vdi thuc hanh... Vi du: Ban dd tu nhien Viet Nam, ban dd tu nhien thd gidi co thi sir dung trong nhieu bai, nhigu ldp trong CT Dia li hay mdt sd npi dung (chil de) CO thd ket hop mdt so ban dd tai vdi nhau thanh 1 ban dd nhu Ban do Dat kdt hpp vdi Ban do Ndng nghiep hoae mdt so ndi dung ve qud huong dat nudc Viet Nam cd the xay dung thanh bp anh hoae video chung cho Lich su, Dia li cap Tieu hpc va cap Trung hpc co sd; Xay dung mdt bp tu lieu dg diing chung khi day Lich sir dia phuong va Dia li dia phuong d cap Trung hpc co sd va Trung hpc pho thong....

- TBDH v&i dgy hgc phdn hda: Yeu cau ddi vdi day hgc phan hda trong CT GDPT la dinh hudng day hpc phii hop ddi vdi cac ddi tupng HS khac nhau nham phat trign tdi da tiem nang vdn co ciia moi HS dya vao dac diem tam - sinh li, kha nang, nhu cau, hung thu va dinh hudng nghg nghiep khac nhau. Chiing ta deu bigt mdi diia tre deu thdng minh, tuy nhien thdng minh theo each khac nhau. Cd em ndi trdi vd tri tue khdng gian, cd em noi trpi ve ngdn ngii, giao tidp, tham mT hay tu duy toan hoc,... Hon niia, mdi HS cd mdt dac digm nhan thuc, tam sinh li, sd thieh khac nhau ngn trong day hpc can phai ca nhan hda, phii hpp vdi timg HS, Dieu nay dat ra yeu cau ve TBDH: Can da dang loai hinh TBDH (tranh anh, ban/lupc do, video, mau vat, md hinh), phan cap mirc dp khd de, dan gian, phiic tap danh cho cac ddi tupng ngudi hoc khac nhau dd cd the dinh hudng nghe nghigp va phan loai, danh gia HS.

- TBDH v&i dgy hgc trdi nghiim: Hoat dpng trai nghiem la hoat ddng GD duac thuc hien bat bupe tir ldp 1 din Idp 12 va dugc phan chia theo 2 giai doan: giai doan co ban danh cho hpc sinh tdp 1 den ldp 9 va giai doan dinh hudng nghg nghiep doi vdi HS Trung hpc pho thdng. Thilt hi dimg chung va TBDH ddi vdi hoat dpng trai nghiem dupc thuc hien vdi 4 hoat dpng chu yeu (sinh hoat dudi cd, sinh hoat ldp, hoat ddng GD theo chii dg, boat ddng cau lac bd) va thdng qua 4 nhdm hinh thiic td chicc: Hinh thtic co tinh kham pha; hinh thiic cd tinh the nghiem, tu'ang tac; hinh thicc cd tinh cong hien; hinh thuc co tinh nghien ciiu, phan hda. Hoat ddng trai nghiem cd thg co thg dugc td chirc trong va ngoai top hpc, trong va ngoai trudng hpc theo quy md ca nhan, nhdm, ldp, khdi Idp hoae quy md trudng.

Cac mdn KHXH cd nhieu thuan Igi trong viec to chiic hoat dpng trai nghiem cho HS khi gan bai hpc vdi thuc tiSn dia phuang, dat nudc, thg gidi; Van dung kien thicc vao viec giai quygt cac van de ve mdi hrudng, kinh tg - xa hgi tai dia phuong, hay lich su dau tranh each mang cua dja phuong, diu in van hda trong cac di tich lich sic; Van de dao dire, thuc thi/tuan thii phap luat tai dia phuong,...De viec tham gia boat dgng trai nghiem cd kit qua, HS vin can dgn su hd trp cua cac phuong tien, TBDH giiip phat tngn nhan thicc, vita la ngudi tham gia, vira la ngudi thiet kg va td chiic cac boat dpng cho chinh minh, qua do kham pha ban than va dilu chinh hoat ddng hpc tap cho phii hpp.

- TBDH v&i kiim tra, ddnh gid: Trong qua rinh day hpc.

mpi HS dlu cd ca hpi duoc nghe, quan sat, chiing kien qua trinh thuc hanh, thi nghiem, sic dung TBDH nhung nhung nd lire, cd ging, phin diu trong hpc tap ciia HS khac nhau se nhan dugc nhiing kit qua khac nhau. Day la mpt each nhin nhan mdi trong viec su dung TBDH phai kiem tra, danh gia dupc HS theo miic do nhan thirc, thuc hanh khac nhau nhim tao ra ddng luc khuygn khich HS su dung va khai thae TBDH hieu qua hon. Cac mon KHXH khdng cd loai hinh TBDH phiic tap vl mat kT thuat, thuc hanh - thi nghigm. Tuy nhien, ndi dung bai hpc ludn dupe in chiia trong timg TBDH ddi hdi d HS kha nang tim tdi, phan tich, tdng hpp, so sanh, lidn he thirc tiln... de tim ra kign thiic.

Khi kigm tra, danh gia HS thdng qua sii dung TBDH thi noi dung danh gia can chii trpng vao kha nang van dung kien thiic vao thuc te ddi sdng va kT nang sir dung, khai thae thiet bi de trinh bay kien thiic. Kigm tra, danh gia khdng cd tinh chat so sanh giua cac HS vdi nhau ma danh gia qua trinh kign thiic, kT nang, thai dp hanh vi ciia ngudi hpc theo cac thang do miic do khac nhau, ddng thdi tao digu kien va co hdi de HS dupc tham gia danh gia (tu danh gia va danh gia ddng dang trong hpc tap).

- TBDH v&i ung dung cdng nghi thdng tin (CNTT): CT mdn KHXH khuydn khich HS tu tim dpc, thu thap tu lieu tren mang Intemet, trong thu vien va trong cac he thdng co sd dir lieu khac dg thuc hien nghign ciiu ciia ca nhan hoae nhom, phat trien kT nang sic dung phuang tien CNTT trong day hpc, cac phan mgm thay thg thiet bi chimg mmh, phu hop vdi xu hudng phat trien ciia khoa hpc cdng nghe hien nay. CNTT va truygn thong cd the giup con ngudi lira chpn, thu thap, tim kiem va xu li thdng tin nhanh chong de bidn thanh kign thiic ca nhan. Trong nhung trudng hpp can md phong hien tugng tu nhidn, khoa hgc Trai Dat ma TBDH truyen thdng khd hoae khong thuc hien dugc hay trong viec tai hien lai mgt tran chign trong lich sic hoae dan gian la td chiic trd choi dg viec hpc trd ngn nhe nhang ban, hap dan han, true quan hon... lam cho ngudi hpc - ngudi hpc, ngudi hpc - ngudi day xich lai gin nhau hon, khong cdn khoang each ve khdng gian va thdi gian vi vigc hpc co thi diln ra d mpi noi, mpi tiic va vdi bit ki ai. Dap iing dugc ygu ciu vl cdng nghe thdng tin, cac trudng cin diu tu co sd ha tang vdi dudng truyen Intemet chit tugng cao, bang thdng rpng, CO sddu lieu an toan, he thdng bao mat cao,... cimg he thong phdng chiia, nha kho, gia ke, he th6ng dign, den, quat tuong iing.

Tren day la mpt sd ygu ciu cin cd ddi vdi TBTH ndi Chung va TBDH cac mdn KHXH ndi rieng khi thuc hien CT GDPT mdi. Tuy nhien, mpi TBTH dlu dugc coi "la phuong tien hd tra cho hoat ddng day hpc vi tu ban than nd khdng CO kha nang thuc hien cac nhiem vu ciia qua trinh day hoc Mdt trong sd nhung yeu td quylt dinh nhim dam bao nhthig ygu cau cua mdt qua trinh day hoc. hidu nua ™' •

• * ' Hua ma nO mans lai bat ngudn tir GV. Mdi GV, bang kinh nahipm n, - -

1 u • • u 1 . , s"'?"i, kha nang, nang luc su pham cua minh lai co phuang n\\^r, A V, hinVi thirr tn i^tiirf Hav hnr Ichnc nhan /-K„ ^i . .. ' " • ' hinh thiic td chicc day hpc khac nhau cho cac

"pi dung bai

^ ^ " _ i i M j ; r i - a Ha Van QuJ'nh, VUdng Thj PhUdng Hanh

hoc, ddi tugng khac nhau, thdng qua viec sii dung/khai thae thiet hi d l td chiic hoat dgng nhan thiic cho HS k h a m pha thi gidi xung quanh, giiip HS hilu dugc t i m quan trgng Clia vide cd kiln thiic d l ren luyen kT nang va co y thicc van dung cac dilu hpc dupc vao thuc te. Ben canh do, cac yen td vg chinh sach, d i u tu, quan li, cdng nghe, xa h p i . . . cung se tac dpng d i n chit luong, hieu qua cua viec trang bi va sic dung TBTH ciing nhu tigp tuc dat ra nhirng yeu cau khi thuc Men CT GDPT mdi.

3. Ket luan

Mac du CT GDPT mdi dgn nay vg c o ban da hoan thanh, bao dam tinh khoa hgc va kha thi nhung dg trien

khai C T G D P T mdi, nganh GD van con rat nhieu viec phai tign hanh n h u tigp tuc nang cao nhan thirc cua toan xa hpi ve y nghia cua viec ddi mdi GD nham tao sir thong nhat va ddng thuan khi thuc hien C T GDPT; Quy hoach lai mang ludi cac CO sd dao tao GV; Sap xep tai dpi ngu nha giao, can bg quan ti; Xa hpi hda G D . . . Mdt trong nhiing d i l u kien dam bao cho C T nay van hanh thanh cdng chinh la yeu td " C S V C , T B T H " , trong dd, viec xae djnh cac ygu cau ve CSVC, T B T H cua C T mon hpe la dieu kien can, litm can cic b u d c dau dg xae djnh mice dp dap ung cung n h u cd dieu chinh, bd sung de dam bao su phu hpp ddi vdi hoat ddng G D cua timg mdn hpc trong CT GD noi chung va cac mdn K H X H ndi rigng.

Tai liSu tham khao

0 due [1] Bp Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chuong uinh Gid

pho thong - Mon Gido due cong ddn. Ha Noi.

[2] Bo Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chuang Irinh Gido due pho thong - Chuang Uinh long thi. Ha Noi.

[3] Bp Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chucmg trinh Gido due pho thong - Mon Lich sir vd Dia li (cdp Trung hgc co s&).

HaNoi.

[4] Hoc vien Quan Ii Giao due, (2018), Kiyiu Hgi thdo Qudn li ca s& vgt chdt, thiit bi day hoc Iru&c yeu cdu doi m&i gido difcpho thong. Ha Npi

[5] Nguyen Trpng Diic - Nguyen Thi Viet Ha - Le Thi Song Huong (dong chu bien), (2018), Day hoc cde mon Khoa hgc xa hgi cdp Trung hge ca s& iheo hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc hoc sinh, NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia. Ha Noi.

[6] Tnmg tam Nghien ciru Tam li lipc va Giao due hpc, (2014), Ki yeu Hpi thao Gido due theo hu&ng tiep cdn phdt triin ndng luc ngu&i hgc, Vign Khoa hgc Giao due VietNam, Ha Npi.

[7] Dang Thu Thiiy (chu bien), (2011), Phucmg tiin dgy hgc - Mgt so vdn de ti ludn vd thuc lien, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, Ha Noi.

SOME REQUIREMENTS ON FACILITIES AND SCHOOL EQUIPMENT FOR SOCLVL SCIENCE SUBJECTS WHEN IMPLEMENTING

THE NEW GENERAL EDUCATION PROGRAM

Ha Van Quynh^ Vuong Thi Phuong Hanti^

' Email' havanquyrh@gmail.com

^ Email' vuDnghanh0503@gmail.com The Vietnam National Institute ot Educational Sciences 52 Lieu 6ial, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam

ABSTRACT: Vietnamiscurrentlyundertakingfundamentalandcomprehensive reforms in education and training, while educational facilities and school equipment are still facing many difficulties. Requirements for school facilities and equipment, as a basis for determining the level of responsiveness or adjustment and assurance, should be given to the implementation of the new general education program.

KEYWORDS: General education; facilities; school equipment.

So 22 ttiang 10/2019 93