eiOTAOVAMUnOIIKTIUO sl'DAG BIET/2018
DANH GlA THirC TRANG CAC YEU TO ANH HITANG V A TRiNH flO THE LVlC CHUYEN MON CUA N B VAN flONG VIEN
THE DUG DUNG CU DOI TUYEN THE QUOC GIA
Do Thuy Giang*
Tom tat:
Su" dMng cac phu-o-ng phap nghi§n CCHU khoa hpc thifong quy danh giS thi^c trang c^c yeu t6 3nh hicong va trinh 3^ the lyc chuyen mon cua nO VDV The dye dung cy D6i tuyin Tre Qu6c gia.
Ket qua cho thay: Cac yeu t6 bao dam cho vi^c huan luy$n nu- VDV TDDC €)6i tuyin Tre Qu6c gia nhu- chu-ong trinh huan luy^n. dOi ngu HLV v§ co s& v§t chit tgp luyen bao d^m t6t cho vi$c huin luySn VDV; Cac bai t§p SLF dyng trong phat trien TLCM cho nu" VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Quoc gia c6n it v l s l lu'p'ng, chu'a du'pc ph§n nhom b^i tap, chu'a du-oc xac djnh cy the khoi lu'png v^ cu'd'ng dO v|in dpng, chu-a du'p'c nghiSn ci>u cht>ng minh tmh hipu quS tren VDV... chinh vi vay, lya chpn c^c bSi tap phu hp'p, hieu qua d l ph^t triln TLCM cho d6i tup-ng nghien ciJu Id van de can thiit.
Qud trinh nghien CLPU lya chpn du-oc 6 test du ti§u chuin trong dSnh gid trinh dp TLCM cho nu' VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Quoc gia, dong th&i x§y dyng ti§u chuin phan loai TLCM cho doi tu'p'ng nghien CLPU. Tien hanh danh gia trinh dp TLCM cOa VDV bing ti§u chuin da x§y dyng. Kit qua cho thiy trinh dO TLCM cua nO VDV Dpi tuyen Trd Quic gia da s l o mine trung binh. Ty 1$ dgt tot va khd Id 50%, cdn 8.33% VDV 6 trinh dp yeu
TCP khda: Thyc trgng, y l u to bio ddm, the lyc chuyen mdn, van dpng vien. The dye dyng cy.
Dpi tuyin Tre Quic gia... ^
BAT VAN BE
Thi due dung cu (TDDC) la mdn the thao hon hgp CO dac diem rieng ve ky nang, ky xao, tinh chiln thuat, tinh sang tao, tam ly, tinh nhip dieu va kha nang lien tuc tiep thu ky thuat dpng tac moi....Nhiing yeu cau chuyen mon doi voi van dpng vien (VDV) vk tinh dieu luyen, chinh xac, nghe thuat... viec phat triln the luc chuyen mon (TLCM) cho VDV la vkn dk vo cung can thiet.
De CO can cii tac dpng cac giai phap nang cao hifu qua huin luyen TLCiVI cho VDV, viec danh gia chinh xac thyc trang cac ylu td anh hudng va thuc trang trinh dp the luc cua VDV la van dk CO y nghia tien quyet. Van de nghien ctru ciia chiing tdi duoc xuat phat tir yeu cau thuc tien dao tao nu VDV The due dung cu Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia.
P H M G PHAP NBHIEN ClirU
Qua trinh nghien cuu su dung cac phuang phap nghien cuu: Phuang phap phan tich va tdng hpp tai lieu tham khao, Phuang phap phdng vdn, Phuang phap quan sat su pham.
Phuong phap kiem tra su pham, Phuang phap toan hpc thdng ke.
Nghien cuu duoc tien hanh tren 12 VDV TDDC Ddi tuyen Tre Qudc gia Viet Nam.
KET QUA NGHIEN CUfUVABAN LUAN 1. ThLFC trang cac yeu to anh hu'dng t d i viec phat trien the lire chuyen mon cua nu' van dong vien The due dung cu Dpi tuyen Tre Quoc gia
1.1. Thuc trqng chuong trinh hudn luy^n thi luc chuyen mdn cho nir van ddng vien The due dung cu Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia
Thdng ke thuc trang chuang trinh huan luyen TLCM cho nil VDV Dpi tuyin TDTT Tre Qudc gia duae trinh bay tai bang 1.
Qua bang 1 cho thay: Chuang trinh huan luyen nir VDV Dpi tuyen TDTT Tre Qudc gia Viet Nam duae chia thanh timg giai doan huan luyen cu the, trong do tdng ty le thod gian huin luyen thi luc tii 30 tdi 60% tuy timg thai ky huan Iuyen. Ty le thdi gian huan luyen the lire chuyen mdn tu 20-40% tuy theo timg thdi ky
*ThS, Trung tam Huan luyen the thao Quoc gia I; Gmail: dtgianghn@gmail com
BAI BAO KHOA HOG
Bang 1. Khung chu'O'ng trinh huan luy?n nu'VSV Boi tuyen TDTT Tre Quoc gia nam 2017 GD
Ngay
ThMky So tuan So buoi Skgiif The lu-c
ehung Th§ luc chuyen Mon
KI thuSt Tam iy
G B I Tir 0 1 / 1 - 3 0 / 4 Chuan bi
c a b a n (1/1-28/2)
9 90 570 30%
30%
40%
%
Tien TD - Thi Bkn (1/3 - 30/4)
9 90 570 10%
20%
50%
20%
G D I ! Tir 01/5 - 30/6 Tien TD -
Thi DJu (1/5-31/5)
4 40 250 20%
20%
50%
10%
Chuan bi - Thi DSu (1/6 - 30/6)
4 40 250 20%
30%
40%
10%
GDIII T i r l / 7 - 3 0 / U Chuan bi -
Tien TD (1/7- 10/8)
6 60 380 10%
20%
50%
20%
Thi Dau (11/8- 30/11) 15 150 880 10%
20%
50%
20%
Tir 1/U -31/12 Chuan bi (1/12- • 31/12)
5 50 300 30%
40%
30%
%
Ghi chu: T6ng so 52 tuan/520 bu6i/3200 gifr (1 tu^n tgp 10 bu6i t$p; Ih&i gian t|p moi ngSy = 6
huan luyen. Theo danh gia ciia cac ehuyen gia, phan bd thdi gian huan luyen nhu tren cd the bao dam chuan bi tot ca the luc ehung va TLCM cho VDV.
1.2. Thue trang dpi ngu hudn luyen vien hudn luyen nu van ddng vien The due dung cq Dpi tuyen Tre Qude gia
Bang 2. Thirc trang do! ngu HLV huan luyen nCp VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Quoc
gia Viet Nam (n=6) TT
1 2 3 4
5
6
7
Noi dung So luong HLV Giofi tinh Tham nien cong tac
Trinh do chuyen mon TDDC Trinh do hpc van
Trinh do tin hoc Trinh do ngoai ngii
Nam Nil Duai 5 nam Tren 5 nam Kien tuong Cap I Trinh dp khae
Sau dai hpc Dai hpc Ducfi dai hoc
A B C A B C
Nam 2017 6 0 6 0 6 6 0 0 1 5 0 0 4 2 0 4 2
Thdng ke thuc trang dpi ngCi HLV huan luy?n nu VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia Vi?t Nam thdng qua khao sat true tiep cac HLV dpi tuyen. Ket qua cu the duoc trinh bay tai bang 2,
Qua bang 2 cho thay:
Tdng sd cd 6 HLV lam cdng tac huan luy?n nu VDV TDDC Dpi tuySn Tre Qudc gia. So vcri tdng so VDV nii la 12 ngudi thi tmng binh, moi HLV huan luyen 2 VDV. Didu nay bao d ^ cdc HVL cd the dat hieu qua huan luydn cao nhat.
Ve trinh dp chuyen mdn: Cac HLV deu da truang thanh tu VDV, ed trinh dp kien tucmg nen cd kinh nghiem thi diu rkt phong phu, hinh dp chuyen mdn tdt, yeu nghd va nhiet huyet voi cong viec.
Ve trinh dp hpc vkn: Cac HLV deu c6 trinh dp hpc van tir dai hpc trd Ien. Dieu nay bao dam cd the ap dung cac kien thuc ly luan ket hpp voi thuc tien chuyen mdn de dat duoc hieu qua huan luyen cao nhat.
vk tham nien cdng tac: Cac HLV dkn c6 Idnh nghiem cdng tac tir 5 nam trd len. Dp tuoi ciia cac HLV tir 28-40 tudi, day la dp tudi nhiet huyet, cd the tidp citn khoa hpc ky thuat, co the hpc tap nang cao trinh dp de trd thanh nhiing HLV cd trinh dp cao.
Ngoai cac ydu td tren, cac HLV dku co trinh dp tin hpc, ngoai ngir tii trinh dp B trd len, thuan
BAo'TlioVAHUiWUIYBiJTIETHM S f DAC B I E T / 2 0 1 8
Assessment of factors affecting and qualifying Fitness of female gymnasts from Youth National Team
Summary:
Using the usual scientific research methods to assess the status of influential factors and the level of professional fitness of female gymnasts from Youth National Team. The results show that:
Guaranteed elements for the training of female gymnasts from Youth National Team such as training programs, coaching staff and training facilities to ensure quality training for athletes. The exercises used in developing Professional Physical Strength (PPS) for female gymnasts from Youth National Team are small in number and unclassified. They have not been specifically deterfined in terms of capacity and intensity of exercise, and have not been scientifically proved regarding the effectiveness of athletes... Therefore, selecting appropriate and effective exercises to develop PPS for the subject is essential. Through the research procedure, 6 qualified tests are selected in the PPS qualification for female gymnasts from Youth National Team. Also, these tests set up the standard for PPS classification for the research subjects. Carrying out the PPS of athletes based on the developed standards. The results show that the level of PPS of female gymnasts from Youth National Team is average. The achieved rate of good and nomial is 50%, and 8.33% of athletes remains at low level
Keywords: Current status, assurance factor, professional fitness, athlete, Gymnastics, National
Id trong viec khai thac tai lieu huan luyen, ung d\mg cdng nghe thdng tin trong giang day.
Tdm lai, ket qua khao sat cho thdy, luc luptig HLV da bao dam eac dieu kien de cd the huin luy$n VDV dat hieu qua cao nhit.
1.3. ThLPC trang co> sd" vat chat phijc vu huan luy^n nir van dong vien The due dung cu Ddi tuyen Tre Quoc gia
Bang 3. ThiPC trang c c s d v | t chat phuc vu h u i n luyen nLP VDV TDDC Doi tuyen Tre Quoc gia
Thdng ke thuc trang ca sd vat chat phuc vu hudn luyen nfi VDV TDDC Ddi tuydn Tre Qudc gia thdng qua quan sat su pham va phdng van true tiep cac HLV lam cdng tac hudn luyen VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia. Kdt qua duae trinh bay tai bang 3.
Loai hinh san bai - dung cu Tham tu do
Xa lech Ngira Cau thang bang Bye nhay chong Day kep bao hiem Duong nhao Ipn Ludi bat bo tra
Dem chong tay truoc buc nhay ch6ng Dem bao hiSm buc nhay chSng Cau thjp bo trp
Xa lech thap bo trp Homut Gia chuoi
Gha bao hiem va buc bao hiem
Nam 2017 So lirong
2 1 1 3 5 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 10 1
Tot 2 1 1 2 3 1 1
-
1 2 2 1 1 7 1
Trung binh
- - -
1 2
- -
1 1
- - - -
3
-
Kem
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mu-c do dap ung Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot Tot
BAI BAO KHOA HOC
Qua bang 3 eho thay: Cae dung c\i tap luy|n phuc vu hudn luyen nir VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia Viet Nam hien nay dang dua sii dung nhung bp dung cu thi ddu dat tieu chudn qudc te, dap ung tdt nhu cau sir dung trong qua trinh huan Iuy?n.
vk cac diing cu bd trp' tap luyen: Tuang tu nhu nhu cae dyng cu tap luyen, cac diing cu bo txa cho qua trinh tap luyen ciing dupe trang hi tuang doi ddy du, mure dp dap ung tot.... Day 1^
uu the trong viec trong viec sir dyng cac bai tap sir dung dung cy bd tra trong qua trinh huan luyen cho VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia Yi^i Nam.
2. Thirc trang SLP d^ng cac dang bai tap phat trien the l^c chuyen mon cua nir van dong vien T h i duo dgng c^ Doi tuyen Tre Qu6c gia
Danh gia thuc trang su dung cac bai tap phat friin TLCM cua nir VDV TDDC Dpi tuyin Tre Qudc gia thdng qua phan tich chuang trinh hudn luyen, giao an huan luyen cung nhu phdng van cae HLV hnre ti^p hudn luyen VDV TDDC Doi tuyen Tre Qudc gia. Ket qua cho thdy, trong hudn luyen TLCM eho ddi tupng nghien cuu, cac HLV thudfng sir dung cac bai tap sau:
1. Bai tap vdng trdn nhdm ca byng, lung, tay, ehan
2. Chudi tay 3. Bai tap khdng ehd 4. Bai tap da lang
5. Bai tap xojic cac hudng - khdng ehd 10s 6. Gap dudi lang chudi 10 idn lien tuc 7. Chpc chudi 5 idn
8. Treo bung d thang ddng 900 30s g ^ byng ddng 9. Bai tap tren ludi bat
10. Bai tap chuyen biet quy dinh 11. Bai tap ydi 10 npi dung quy djnh 12. Rut chudi
13. Leo day
14. Khdng che lung - bung - ludn 15. Nhay ngua
Nh^n xet: Qua phan tich thyc trang eac bai tap duae sir dung trong hudn luyen TLCM cho ddi tuang nghien cuu, ehung tdi cd nhan xet sau:
- Da so cac bai ta,p duae su dung thudng xuyen de phat trikn thd luc cua nir VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia thudc nhdm bai tap tay
khdng (hon 80%). Cac bai tap voi dung cu, cac bai tap vdi dyng cu bd tro va nhdm b ^ tap tr6 choi va thi dau thi it duae su dyng. Theo cac nha chuyen mdn, nhdm bai tap vdi dung cu, vai dyng cu bd tra va nhdm trd choi, thi ddu cd tac dyng gay hung phdn cho ngudi tap rdt cd hi?u qua trong phat tiikn TLCM cho \ ^ V .
- Cac bai tap dupe su dung trong hudn luyen TLCM cho ddi tupng nghien cim cdn qua n^eo nan, khdng phong phu ca vg s6 lupng va lo^ bai tap. Didu nay dl dan din su nham chan hong hudn luyen thi luc cho ddi tupng nghien cuu.
- Cac bai tap chua duae dinh lucmg van dpng cy thi cho ddi tuong nij VDV TDDC Dpi tuyin Tre Qudc gia bao gdm: Khdi luang, cudng d$, quang nghi... nen mdi HLV khae nhau sii dyng vai LVD khae nhau, vi vay ma hieu qua dat duae cua mdi bai tap cung rdt khae nhau.
- Cac bai tap chua dupe phan loai cy the dg phat tridn tung td chat thi luc rieng biet ma su dung ehung nen chua ed dinh hudmg tac dpng eu the vao moi to chat thi luc.
- Cac bai tap mdi chi duoc sir dung theo kinh nghiem cua cac hudn luy^n vien chu chua c6 nghien cuu khoa hpc nao kilm dinh hieu qua ciia eac bai tSp tren ddi tuong nghien ciru.
Chinh vi vay, lira chpn bai tap phat triln the lyc chuyen mdn cho nii VDV TDDC Dpi tuyin Tre Qude gia la van de can thiet va cap thiet.
3. Danh gia thyc tr^ng the lice chuy§n mon (TLCM) cho nu" van dong vidn The due dung cu Doi tuyen Tre Quoc gia
De lua chpn duae cac test phu hop, co hi?u qua trong danh gia TLCM cho nir VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia, ehung tdi tien hanh theo cac buoc:
- Lira chpn qua tham khao tai lieu, quan sk su pham va phdng van trye tilp cac chuyen gia TDDC.
- Lua chpn qua phdng van tren dien rpng bang phieu hdi
- Xac dinh dp tin cay va tmh thdng bao cua test Ket qua lua chpn duoc 6 test du tieu chuSn danh gia TLCM cho ddi tuang nghien cuu. Tir cac test da lua chpn, chiing tdi tiln hanh xay dung tieu chuan phan loai danh gia trinh dO TLCM ciia nii \ ^ V TDDC Dpi hiyln Tre Qudc gia tren ca so quy tdc 25.
DAOTMVAHUAHUIYilDillttO SO DAC BIET 72018 Bang 4. Tieu chuan phan loai cac chi tieu danh gia trinh do TLCIVI
cho nii' VOV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Quoc gia (n=12) 11
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cac test Luc bop tay thuan (kG) Rut chupi (lan)
Leo day 3m khong ty chan (s) Treo nang chan vuong gpc voi than 30s (lin)
Gap du6i lang chuoi a xa lech (lin) Bat cau santp tnroc khong ch6ng tay
"thang bang" (lan)
Gioi
>30.56
>7.37
<5.41
>19.05
£7.65
>3.68 Kha 28.45-30.56
6.86-7.37 5.41-5.82 17.68-19.05
7.14-7.65 3.40-3.68
Trung binh 24.23-28.45 5.84-6.86 6.64-5.82 17.68-14.94
6.12-7.14 2.84-3.40
Yeu 22.12-24.23
5.33-5.84 6.64-7.05 13.57-14.94
5.61-6.12 2.56-2.84
Kem
<22.12
<5.33
>7.05
<13.57
<5.61
<2.56 Ket qua cu the dupe tnnh bay tai bang 4.
Qua bang 4 cho thay, chiing tdi sir dung bang tieu chudn phan loai tren dl danh gia trinh dp TLCM cho nir VDV TDDC Dpi tuyin Tre Qudc gia.
Tren co sd tieu chuan phan loai trinh dp TLCM da xay dung, ehiing tdi tien hanh danh gia thuc trang trinh dp TLCM ciia nii VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qude gia. Ket qua duoc trinh bay tai bang 5.
Bdng 5. Thi^c tr^ng trinh dp TLCM cua nir VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Quoc gia (n=12) TT
1 2 3 4 5
FhSn loai Tot Kha Trung binh
Yeu Kem
mi
3 3 5 1 0
Tyl?%
25.00 25.00 41.67 8.33 0.00 Qua bang 5 cho thay: Theo tieu chuan phan loai da xay dung, trinh dp TLCM cua nii VDV Dpi tuyin Tre Qudc gia da sd d muc trung bmh.
Ty le dat tdt va kha la 50%, cdn 8.33% VDV d hinh dp ylu. Kit qua nay tucmg ung vdi nhan xet cua cae HLV vl trinh dp TLCM ciia VDV.
Nhu vay, nang cao trinh dp TLCM cua nii VDV TDDC Dpi tuyin Tre Qudc gia la vdn dl cdn thilt.
KETLUAN
i. Cac ylu td bao dam cho viec huan luyen nil VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia nhu chuang trinh hudn luyen, dpi ngu HLV va ca sd vat chdt tap luyen bao dam cdng tac huan luyen VDV dat hieu qua.
2. Cac bai tap su dung trong phat trien TLCM cho nii VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia cdn
it ve sd lupmg, chua dupe phan nhdm bai tap, chua duoc xac dinh cu the khdi lucmg va cuang dp van dpng, chua dupe nghien ciiu chiing minh tmh hieu qua tren VDV... chinh vi vay, lira chpn cac bai tap phu hop, hieu qua de phat trien TLCM cho ddi tupng nghien cihi la van de can thilt.
3. Qua trinh nghien cuu lira chpn dupe 6 test du tieu chuan trong danh gia trinh dp TLCM eho nu VDV TDDC Dpi tuyen Tre Qudc gia, ddng thdi xay dung tieu chuan phan loai TLCM cho ddi tupng nghien ciiu. Tien hanh danh gia trinh dp TLCM eua VDV bang tieu chuan da xay dung. Ket qua cho thay, trinh dp TLCM eiia nii VDV Dpi tuyen Tre Quoc gia da sd d miie trung bmh. Ty le dat tdt va kha la 50%, cdn 8.33%
VDV d trinh dp yeu. Chinh vi vay, nang cao trinh dp TLCM ciia nu VDV TDDC Dpi tuyin Tre Qudc gia la van de can thiet.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Auhc I. V (1982), Ddnh gid trinh dp tap luyen the thao, Nxb TDTT, Ha Ndi.
2. Dam Qudc Chinh (2011), Trinh dp tap luyen trong tuyin chpn vd hudn luyen thi thao, Tdi lieu hpc tap lop bdi duong kien thuc hudn luyen vien cdc mon the thao, Bp VHTT&DL, Truang bdi duang can bp quan ly van hoa, the thao va du lich, Tp.HCM 9/2011.
3. Harre D (1996), Hpc thuyet hudn luyen, (Dich: Trucmg Anh Tudn - Bui The Hien), Nxb TDTT, Ha Npi.
4. Nguyin Xuan Sinh va cpng su (1999), Gido trinh The due dung cu diing cho sinh vien dqi hpc the dqc the thao, Nxb TDTT, Ha Ndi.
(BSinpp ngay 30/10/2018, Phan bien ngay 10/11/2018, duyet in ngay 28/11/2018
