TAP Cll CDNG TlirifNE
MOT SO YEU CAU DOI VCfl
DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM T R U 6 C N >|JNG
TAC DONG CUA EVFTA
• IRAN THANH PHUC
T 6 M T A T :
N.-hi Cicn chau .-\u vifa chinh thdc phe chuan Hiep djnh Thifdng mai td do Viet Nam - EU ,FVI-T\ I dif kidn khi cd hieu Idc (thdng 7/2020). hiep dinh se md ra nhO'ng cd hdi Idn cho xusft kha'u hang hda cua nddc ta. Theo eac chuyen gia kinh td, EVFTA difdc ky vpng gdp phan Idm GDP Viet Nam tang them d mdc bmh quan ttf 2.18% - .^.25% (giai doan 2019-2023); tif 4,57%
-5.M)'c (giai doan :'o:4-:o:S) ^•d 7,07% - 7.72r!- (giai doan 2029-2033).
Mac du EVFTA sc mang lai eho cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam nhi^u cd hdi, nhu'ng cung d$t ra khdng il didch thdc. Bai \ idi tap irung phan tich mdt sd yeu cau ddi vdi doanh nghiep Viat Nam irddc nhiing tde ddng ciia Hiep dinh EVFTA.
Tff khda: Lien minh chau Au, hiep dinh thifdng mai td do, EVFTA, kim ngach xua't nh^p kha'u. lhi U-ddng EU.
1. Khai quat vg Hi^p dinh Thffdng mai td do giffa ViC't Nam \a Lien minh chau Au (EVFTA) Ng:i> 30 thang 6 ndm 2019. Hiep dinh ThUdng mai Id do Vici Nam \a Lien minh chau Au - EU Il-NITM da difPc k\ ket chinh tbdc. Viec k\' ket ihanh cdng eiia hiep dinh nay danb da'u mdt mdc mdl iren chdng dffdng gan 30 nam hdp lac va phdt trien giCfa Viei Nam va EU.
Cam ke't md eufa thi trffdng manh me trong Hiep dinh E\FTA chac chdn se thuc day quan he thifPng mai \ i c l Nam -EU. giup md rdng hdn niJa thi tnfdng cho hang .\uat khau eua Viet Nam. Vdi L.im koi \oa bd ihue nhap kh.":u len ldi gan 100%
bicu ihi'e J gia in ihu'dng mai ma bai hen da mm nti.n o hiM gi.i K .ii; A 'al khdu L'H' nhCfng m.L' n.i c! Nam ^.i un UK mif ue n 11, gia\ non'i Ibuy • ^ ^ ifon^ n .,i,-_
rau cu qu.i >. dd I:T-. i J ic Ji n
cung giup lli:ifl1l I I d l
nguon cung cae san pham va dich vu chat Iddng cao Id EU trong cac ITnh vdc nhff: ddde pham, cham sdc sdc khoe, xay dffng ha tang, giao thdng cdng edng...
2. Thffc trang nhffng tac dpng tich cffe cua Hiep dinh EVFTA dd'i vffi nin kinh td Vi$t Nam
r- Kich thich xudt khdu
Cac chuyen gia kinh tddeu dda ra nhan dinh, cam kdt md cila thi trifdng manh me trong Hi?p dinh EVFTA ehac ehan se thuc day quan hS thffdng mai Viet Nam - EU, giup md rdng hdn nffa thi trifdng cho hang xua't khau cua Viet Nam.
Vdi cam ket xda bo ihue i.'->ap khau len tdi gan 100% bieu ihudva gid iri ng mai ma hai ben dd ihd'ng nhd'l, cd hdi gi„ ,r,<; xua't khau cho nhifng mat hang Viet Nam cn \<:\ ihi nhd dSl may. da giay, ndng thu\ san (ke ca gao, dddng.
.udt ong. rau cu quai, dd gO... i^ .-a', Jang ke.
Mdc cam kel irong EVFTA cd thd . ni la mi^C
48 So 8 - T h o n g s ^^i^\J
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earn kdt cao nha't ma Viet Nam dat dffdc trong cdc FTA da idcfc ky ket cho tdi nay. Dieu nay cdng cd >* nghia khi hien nay, mdi chi hdn 42%
kim ngach xua't khau ciia Viet Nam sang EU dddc hffdng mdc thud 0% theo Chffdng irinh \iu ddi thud quan phd cap (GSP).
Hiep dinh EVFTA se giup kim ngach xua't khau cua Vidt Nam sang EU tang ihem khoang 42,7%
vao ndm 2025 va 44,37% vao nam 2030 so vdi khdng cd hiep djnh. Ddng thdi, kim ngach nhdp khau id EU cung se tdng nhdng vdi toe dp thd'p hdn xua't khau, cu the la khodng 33,06% vao ndm 2025 va 36,7% vao ndm 2030.
Theo linh todn, td'c dp tdng trifdng xua't khau cua nhdm hang ndng san sang EU: Gao khoang 65% vao ndm 2025; dffdng 8%; thit ldn 4%; lam .san 3%; thjt gia sdc, gia cam 4%. Trong khi dd, vdi nhdm ngdnh chd bidn, chd tao: May mac dff linh ldng 81%, da gidy tdng 99%, det tdng 67%.
Nhdm nganh dich vu cung d6c tinh: Van tai thuy tdng 100%, van tai hang khdng 141%, tai chfnh va bao hiem 21%, cde djch vu phue vu kinh doanh khde la 80%.
> Thu hut FDI tii EU
Dd'i vdi tde dpng cua Hiep djnh tdi dau td tri^c ndp nifdc ngoai, mac dii chffa tinh todn difde eon sd' chinh xac. tuy nhien ky vpng ve doi mdi the chd, cdi thien mdi trffdng dau id do thffc hien hiep dinh se tao ra sffc ha'p dan dd'i vdi cdc nha dau tff nddc ngodi. Cu thd, cdc cam ket ve thuan ldi hda dau tff ciing vdi td'c do tif do hda cdc nganh dich vu cua Viet Nam ddnh eho cdc nhd cung cd'p dich vu cua EU tdng Ien, ddc biet la dieh vu kinh doanh, mdi tnfdng, bdu chinh. ngan hang bao hiem va van tai bien. Dieu nay se thuc day ddng vd'n FDI tCf EU vao Viet Nam tdng trong thdi gian tdi.
Ciing vdi dd.cd ca'u linh vffc dau td cungcd the cd thay ddi khi Viet Nam thu hut dffde edc dd'i tae mdi va ITnh viic dau tff md rdng. Vdi EVFTA. cd ca'u ddng vdn FDI vao nhffng ITnh vffc dau td cdn dddia Idn tai Viet Nam va EU cdng ed thd manh nhif ndng Iddng sach, nang Iddng tdi tao.
3. Nhffng thach thffc do'i vffi doanh nghiep
\ iC'l Nam sau hi?p dinh EVFTA
Vdi EVFTA, cd hdi md ra ra't Idn nhdng eac doanh nghidp Viet Nam cung se gap phai khdng it ihdch thffe trong thiet lap, van hdnh va thffc thi cac cam ket trong tddng Iai. ca tff gde dp bdo dam ede nghia vu theo cam ket dffdc trien khai ddng bd. day
du Ian tff gdc do bao dam tan dung bieu qua ede quyen theo cam kei nay.
f Cdc yeu cdu ve quy tde xud't xd cd the khd ddp ling
Mdt trong nhffng thdch thde Idn nha't dd'i vdi Viet Nam khi gia nhap Hiep djnh EVFTA ehinh la quy trinh san xud't. nguon gd'c, xua't xff va kiem dinh cha't lifdng trong mdt loat cdc nganh de dap ffng difdc nhdng yeu eau nghiem ngat ve nhap kha'u vao thi tnfdng EU. ciing nhdeac dieu kien de dddc hifdng liu dai Ioai bd thud quan eua EVFTA.
Thdng thifdng, bang hda mudn ddde hifdng ffu dai thue'quan theo FTA tbi nguyen lieu phdi ddp dng dffde mpt ty Ie \ e ham Iifpng ndi khd'i nha't dinh (nguyen lieu ed xuat xd tai EU va/hodc Viel Nam).
Day la mdt thdeh thde Idn dd'i vdi cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam bdi ngudn nguyen Heu eho san xud't hang xud't khau hien nay ehu ydu dddc nhap khau ti^ Trung Qudc hode ASEAN vd cdc nffdc khdng thupc khd'i. khdng thupc cdc dd'i tde cd FTA vdi Viet Nam.
y' Cdc rdo cdn TBT, SPS vd yeu cdu ciia khdch hdng
EU la mpl thi tru'dng khd tinh. Khaeh hang cd yeu cau cao ve cha't lu'dng san pham. Cde yeu cau bdt budc ve ve sinh an loan thdc pham, ddn nhan, mdi trddng... eua EUra'tkhdt khe va khdng de ddp dng. Vl vay. du cd dffdc hffdng Idi ve thud quan thi hang hda cua Viet Nam cung phai hoan thien rat nhieu ve cha't Iddng de cd the vu'dt qua difdc eac rao can nay. EVFTA cd cdc quy dinh chi tie't, dac bi6t Id thanb kiem tra. cdng nhan tddng difdng, tddng thich vdi dieu kien khu vifc. Viee giai quydt ede vd'n de SPS phai dd'i mat vdi mdt pham vi Idn eae quy dinh phap 1; eua qud'e gia trong kiem soat nhap khau lien quan den nhieu cd quan chuyen mdn, sff kbdc biet ve trinh dp phat trien, quy djnh khac biet ve SPS \ a tbifc tien dp dung tai mdi qudc gia, edc bien phdp phi thud quan ddng vai ird quan trong trong dam phan thifdng mai md cda thi trifdng va ehu nghTa bao hd vdn con tdn tai.
> Nguy cd ve cdc bien phdp phong v$ thUffng mgi
Khi tham gia vao qud trinh hdi nhdp kinh id qud'e td. cae qude gia cam kdt cat giam nhffng rao can thffdng mai de hang hda cd the Idu thdng mdt cdch td'i da qua bien gidi cdc nddc. Tuy nhien. To chffc Thffdng mai The gidi (WTO) cho phdp. dp dung mdt sd bien phap phdng ve thddng mai
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I P\ TM I trong nhflng irffdng hdp hang hda nhap khd'u canh tranh khdng edng bdng, gay diiei hai ddng ke de bao \e nganh san xua't cua nddc nhap khau. Thdng diifdng. khi rao can thud quan khdng cdn ta cdng cu hffu hieu de bao \ e nfla. doanh nghiep d thi tnfdng nhap kha'u cd xu hi/dng sff dung nhidu hdn cac bien phdp chdng ban pha gia. chd'ng trd ca'p hay id ve de bao ve nganh san xud't ndi dja.
Vd EU cung la mpl trong nhflng thi trffdng cd
"tmyen thd'ng" sd dung cdc edng cu nay. cho nen doanh nghiep Viet Nam cd the bj lung tung ve mat phap ly.
f Stic ep cgnh tranh tif hdng hda vd djch vu cua El'
M(( cda thi trddng Viet Nam cho hang hda, dich vu ILf EU \ao. dong nghTa vdi viee doanh nghiep Viel Nam sc phai canh tranh khd khdn hdn nga) lai thj trddng npi dia. Tren thffc te. da\
la mpl thdeh thde ra'l ldn. bdi cac doanh nghiep EU cd Idi the' hdn han cdc doanh nghiep trong nudc \ e ndng life eanh tranh, kinh nghiem thi Irifdng, cung nhff kha ndng tan dung eae FTA.
Tuy nhien, cam kdt md ciia cua Vici Nam la cd Id irinh. dac biei la ddi vdi nhffng nhdm san pham nhay cam. Do do. EVFT-\ Id ed hdi. nhifng eung iao sdc ep hdp ly de c^c doanh nghiep Viet Nam dieu ehinh, thay ddi phddng ihffc kinh doanh va ndng cao nang Idc eanh iranh.
> Thiftmg bi^u sdn phdm vdn edn ye'u Hang hda Viel Nam \ an chifa ddde thi trddng Iif biel den, hieu qua ciia cdng tde quang bd va thuc da\ cac san pham chda eao. Viel Nam cung chifa phai la qudc gia ed nguon hang hda chat lu'dng cao.
Kinh nghiem thffe thi cdc cam kel WTO \ a ede 'f\.\ irffdc day cua Viet Nam eho ilia'>. eac Idi ich suy doan tfl mdt hiep dinh se khdng dddng nhien ird thanh hien thi/c. Cung nhff \ a \ . cdc quyen va nghia \ u theo cae cam ket khdng tfl nhien phdt huy idc dung. Vl \ a \ . can nhflng nd Iflc Idnde thdc thi cdc cam kei. hien thflc hda cac ldi ich va xd lv Ihath thifc lien quan.
\ dl unh .ii.u la mui FTA lhe he mdi. EVFTA d:il la Ml C ii, I'l , J I iliL/. Kun cho \ icl Nam khdng chiiion-I'a.'i i". , , , , , • • ,.^^,,,,, ;nnhihir>.-!h, Vice chuan i->i ^ I ,,,. ^.,1, , ,,,,_ . .,, ,^,., ddiig cac in 1 , • , ' ,.
qua cac duub :''-... ,..
hang dau. Bdi thffc thi tdt EVFl \ i- du -i kien ti6n quydt de Viet Nam ed the dat dui' 'dng Idi ich ki vpng tff FTA quan trpng na\ -
4. Mpt sdyeu c^u ddi vffi doanh nghidp Vi^t Nam trffdc nhffng tac d^ng cua IN FTA
Muc lieu vd danh muc dam phan EVFTA khdng dflng lai d cac ITnh vde iruyen thdng nhfl;
thffdng mai hang hda, dich vu,... ma cdn md r^ng them nhieu ITnh vffc khde. gom: sd hflu tri tu$, mua sam edng, phdt trien ben vffng,... Do vay, cdng dong doanh nghiep Viet Nam can ehu ddng edp nhat thdng lin ve cac cd hdi thi trffdng md EVFTA mang lai. ddc biet la thdng tin ve ffu dai thud lien quan ddn ham Ifldnggia tri gia tang ndi dia ciia cdc hdng hda, dich vu vd cac hang rdo ky thudt khde.
- EU la lhi trddng cd mffc thu nhap cao song Iai cd chinh sdch bao ve ngddi lieu diing chdt che. Cd the ndi, day la mdt thi trddng khd tinh nen doanh nghiep Vidt Nam mud'n xua't khau bang hda vdo thj trddng nay phai vffdt qua hang loat hdng rdo ky thudt. Ben eanh dd, san pham xua't kha'u eua Vi$t Nam eiing can phai cd cha't Iddng vd baoddmySu cau khai khe ve tieu ehud'n ve sinh an todn thifc pham, truy xua't nguon gd'c,... Vi vay, chien Id^c dai ban eua eac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Id can bao dam eha'l Iddng hang hda, ddp ffng nhffng tieu chuan ddt ra; xdy dffng vd phdt trien thu'dng hieu,.., mdi cd the tao nen sffc canh tranh cho hang Viet.
Ngoai ra, cdc nhd xua't khau eung can tan dung nhffng cam kdt, du dai tfl cdc hiep dinh da ki ket d^
tie'p tuc khai thdc thi tru'dng nay.
- Doanh nghiep phai nd life ddi mdi thie't bi cdng nghe, ndng eao cha't Iffdng san pham... de khang dinh vi tri trdn san nhd va tan dung cdc cd hpi viTdn ra thi trddng EU. Nen tap trung phdt triin cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep phu trd mui nhpn ma minh cd kha ndng, nhd: del may, giay dep... vd iaprSp (nhdd td, xe may, thidt bj dien va dien tff).
Ndi tdm lai, EVFTA cung gid'ng nhd cde FTA khde, se dem Iai ea idi ich, ed hdi va khd khdn, Ihdch thdc. Viet Nam cdn can nhdc Idi ich tdngthi Clia EVFTA va khdng nen qua lo lang den nhu'ng lae ddng ifl gia tang eanh tranli Canh tranh se gia tant? vdi mdc dp khde nhau gm • T^ nhdm nganh, nhifng bii vaodd la ldi ich tflO.'', .i.^mh xuat khau, Idl ich ngifdi lieu dung gia Ung. p|,jc j^jj ^a hoi gia lang va nhflng ldi ieh khac u, [ - ^ '^^^ bSo phdi tnen kmh id ben vflng irong j ^ .' _
50 So 8 - Thang -
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T.\I Ll|:U THAM KHAO:
L Lc Hu\ Khoi (2019). Tde dong cua cdc FTA the he mdi tdi tang tnfdng kinhle - xa hgi N'let Nam. Tap ehi Tai ehinh. k\ 1 Uidng 9/2019.
2. Phifdng Thanh (2020), Ldi the va khd khan tCf EVFTA difdi gdc nhm doanh nghiep. hitp://iapeliiieiiehinh.vn/
icii-ehinh-kinh-doanli/hi-ihe-va-kho-klum'iu-evfia-ditoi-gcic-idiin-doanli-nglu^
.1, Nguyen Thanh Cdng. Pham Hong Nhung (2019). Tde dgng ciia hiep dmh E\'FTA do'i vdi nen kmh leViei Nam.
Vi?n nghien cu'u phdt trien kinh td- xa hdi Hii Npi;
(4!. Bo Cdng Thifdng, ve hiep dmh thifdng mai iif do gifla Viet Nam- Lien minh Chau Au: https://evfta.moii gen-.vn
|5]. Phdng thifdng mui va cdng nghiep Viet Nam. Trung lam WHO va hdi nhdp. hitps://w\v\\:irungtamwlw.vn/
Ngay nhSn bai: 25/3/2020
Ngay pha n bi^n danh gia va sffa chffa: 6/4/2020 Ngay chS'p nh^n dang bai: 15/4/2020
Thdng tin ide gid ThS. TRAN THANH PHUC
Khoa Tai chinh NgSn hang, Trffffng Dai hpc Kinh te - Ky thu3t cdng nghiep
SOME REQUIREMENTS FOR VIETNAM ENTERPRISES TO OVERCOME CHALLENGES POSING BY THE EVFTA
• Moster. TRAN THANH PHUC Facuity of FInonce a n d Bonking University of Economics - Technology for Industries
ABSTRACT:
The European Pariiament has officially passed the EU - Viemam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA). This free trade agreement is expected to bring great opportunities to Vietnam's exporiers when it comes into force in July. 2020. According to economists, the EVFTA is forecasted to contribute to Vietnam's GDP growth by an average of 2.18- 3.259^ (from 2019 to 2023); 4.51''A - 5.30% (from 2024 lo 2028) and 7.07% - 7.72% (from 2029 to 2033). Besides opporiunides that the EVFTA bring, it also poses challenges to Vietnamese enterprises. This article analyses the impacts of the EVFTA on Vietnamese businesses.
Keywords: European Union, free trade agreements. EVFTA. import and export turnover, EU market.
So 8 - T h o n g 4/2020 51
