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CHUOI GIA TRI CHO SAN PHAM NGANH CONG NGHIEP GIAY DEP INDONESIA
V A N H O N G G O I Y C H O VIET NAM
• TS BUI TIEN DUNG
• TS LE THI HU*OfNG Ban Kmh te Trung uong
• Torn tdt: Bdi viet phdn tich chudi gid tri sdn phdm gidy dep cua Indonesia, xde dinh cdc hoat dpng chinh dgc theo chuoi vd nhUngkhdu cd the dent lai gid tri, cdch thUc md Indonesia viidn tdi chiem thi phdn Idn hdn trong chudi gid tri gidy dep todn cdu. Tren cd sd do diia ra nhiing gdi y chinh sdch phii hdp hdn khi phdt trien cdc chudi gid tri mdi cho sdn phdm ngdnh cong nghiep gidy dep cho Viet Nam khi tham gia cdc hiep dinh thtidng mai tii do the he mdi.
• Tii khda: chudi gid tri sdn phdm, chinh sdch phdt trien.
1. ChuSi gia tri cho san pham nganh cong nghiep gidy dep Indonesia
Indonesia Id quoc gia xuat khau hdng hda vd dich vu Idn thir 30 trln thi gidi vdi tbi tmdng san pham toan cau. Qudc gia nay cd dau an manb ml trong mdt sd bang hda nhat dinh, trong dd san pbam gidy dip la mdt trong nhirng mat hang xuat khau quan trong nhdt.
Den nay sdn pham giay dep Indonesia dang dung d vi tri thii 5 trln thi gidi vdd 700-900 trieu ddi mdi nam, hau bit xuat cho thi tmdng nudc ngoai, tdng cdng chilm 3,4% xuat khau giay dep toan can'". Vdi Indonesia, edng nghiep giay dip la ddng lire chinh thuc day tang trudng kinh te trong thap ky gdn day. Indone- sia dua ehii yiu vao Ipi the ve tiln luong cdng
nhan thap, tay nghl lao ddng cd chdt lupng kha. Til nhung ly do co ban tren da thuc day In- donesia tang cudng hdi nhap, tich cue phat triin cac chudi gid tri mdi cbu ddng tien vdo cdc thi trudng thu nhdp cao nhu Hoa Ky, Canada vd cde nudc thudc Lien minh chdu Au.
Vile xdy dung cac chudi gia tri mdi eho san pbam gidy dep cua qudc gia nay cung dang dat ra trong bdi canh thuong mai todn cau giam sau tiidi ky khung hoang tai chinh.
Cdc nha san xudt gidy dip cua Indonesia tap tmng vdo cac dao Java va Sumatra, dac biet la d Tay Java, Ddng Java vd Bac Sumatta. Cd mdt cum gidy dip d tiidnh phd Bogor, Tay Java, noi san xuat giay dip dupc ttai rdng tten 14 lang d Regency. Mdi lang chuyen vl mdt loai giay dip
LYLUAN CHINH TRf-So 6/2019
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nhat dinh nhu dip, gidy tte em, giay t h i thao.
Ngoai Tdy Java, edc phan khuc sdn xudt giay hau hit ndm d Yogyakarta, Bdc Sumatta va Ddng Java. Trong khi do, cdc nba san xuat sandal ehu yiu tap trung d Banten, Tdy Java va Ddng Java, trong khi d i p thai ttang tbiet ke duoc san xudt chu yiu dBali. Duattin sdlieu nam 2017, nganh edng nghidp may mac, det may va gidy dep In- donesia chiem 4 trieu nu edng nhdn so vdi cdng nhan nam dudi 2 tirilu.
Suhien dien cua cac hang giay the thao qudc t l d Indonesia dd cd tdc ddng ddng ke d i n su phdt trien cua nganb. Indonesia la noi san xudt 25% gidy Nike nam 2015, chi sau Viet Nam (43%) va Tmng Qudc (28%), ciing vdd Adidas, Puma vd cdc thuang hilu khu vuc khde'^'. Cac doanh nghiep ndi tieng nhu Sepatu Mas Idaman, Mangul Java vd Teguh Murni eung tham gia. Ngodi cac cdng ty dupc qudc t l cdng nhdn, Aggiomultimex Id mdt trong nhiing edng ty Idn vdi 2.000 nhdn vien, thiet ke, pbat triin va san xudt gidy dip bdn cho cdc edng ty khae nbu Oakley va Lacoste.
Chudi san xuat cua Indonesia. Chudi san xuat sdn pham giay d i p Indonesia khdng cd gi dac biet, coban cd 3 cau phan chu yiu: i) Nguyen vat lieu dau vao bao gdm da vdi thude nhudm boa hpc, det may biiu co va tdng hpp, nhua, nudc.
dien, va bat ky hang hda va dich vu nao khde can thiet d l lam gidy dip; ii) Gia cdng che tao bao gdm mdy mdc thiet bi vd nhdn luc; iii) Tieu thu san pham bao gdm xuat khdu, tiiu diing trong nudc vd nguyen hlu ebo cdc nganh cdng nghiep khac. Tuy nbien, cd 2 luu y ve chuoi san xuat giay dep eua Indonesia gdm mot la phu thupc vao be thdng cac nhd cung cdp nguyin lieu dau vao nhap khdu la chinh, mdt phan nhd d ttong nudc;
hai la, tiiu chuan sdn pbam gidy d i p cua thi trudng tieu thu nudc ngoai.
Chudi gia tri toan cau cua Indonesia. Theo Td chuc Hpp tdc va Phdt triin Kinh te (OECD), neu Indonesia xudt khau 100 USD giay d i p ra nude ngodi thi 80 do la trong sd nay bao gdm cac nguyen lieu dau vdo dupe mua tii mdt qudc gia kbdc, gia tri gia tdng eua thuang mai Indonesia ehi la 20 USD. Cung theo tinh todn cua OECD, khi cdc san pham gidy d i p dupe xuat khdu ttr Indonesia, ebi cd 47% tdng gia tri xuat khau thuc su dupc tao ra ttong qua trinh san xuat giay dep.
Nbu vay, mdt lupng gia tri dang ke chia cho edc nganh cdng nghiep khde nbu dien, nudc, dieh vu kinb doanh va eac nganh sdn xudt khac nhu hda chat vd may mdc'^'.
Nhuvay, cdc hoat ddng cu till dpc theo chudi gid tri, nhiing khdu tao ra gid trj hen quan den xuat khau giay dep la can tbilt d l xde dinh cac khu vyc ma Indonesia cd the bd Id ca hdi de tdng ty trpng gia tri md hp ndm bdt dupc tir xudt khau. Cu the nbu khi cac cdng ty Indonesia xudt khau cae san pham gidy dip, quy trinh san xuat dupc dat tai qudc gia nay va do do chiem ty ttpng Idn trong gid tri gia tang. Nhung thuc chat nhieu ddu vao quan ttpng vdo gidy dip, nhu hda chat vd nhua, khdng dupc san xuat bdi eac cdng ty trong nudc vdd so lupng du de dap ung nbu cau eua cdc nha xudt khau gidy d i p Indonesia.
Do do, pbdn Idn gia tri gia tang liin quan din cac ddu vdo nay dupe tinh eho cac qudc gia khde. Nhuvay, Indonesia tim kiem cahdi md rdng sang su dung edc nguyen lieu ttong nude san xuat. Day la budng di ttong xdy dimg chudi gid tri mdi eiia Indonesia.
Mat khde, hau nhu tdt ed (khoang 97 %) gid tri gia tdng dupe tao ra trong boat dpng san xuat ddnh cho edc doanh nghiep va luong nhan edng. Ben eanh dd, boat ddng dich vu kinb doanh, Indonesia Idm khdng tdt. Cdc dich vu can thiet de xuat khau gidy dep tir Indonesia
LYLUAN CHiNH TRI-So 6/2019
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chilm 25% tdng gid tti dpc theo chudi, nhung gan 1 /3 trong sd dd din tir cdc qudc gia khac™.
Nhu vdy Ipd nhuan ma Indonesia thuc su dupc hudng rat thdp. Day ciing la diem md Indone- sia can tinh todn can nhde khi phdt trien chudi gid tri mdd. Song dieu quan trong ban ed Id nang eao nang lue sdn xuat va sir dung ngudn nguyen lieu trong nudc san xudt, ddng thdd chuyen ddi cdc khau dieh vu dl hudng Ipd nhilu ban tu xudt khdu nganh bang cbu luc qudc gia.
Dl sii dung cac nguyen vat heu cd till san xuat trong nudc vd day manh boat ddng dicb vu, Indonesia edn tim kilm eae thi trudng xuat khau mdd phu bpp vdi nang luc san xuat bien nay cua dat nudc. Nhimg thi tmdng "hang ttung" hodc
"binh dan" cd tbi giup Indonesia kich thich san xuat trong nude va thu ve nhilu lpi nhuan ebo qudc gia.
2. Nhirng chinh sach can giai quy^t khi xay dung chuoi gia tri sdn pham giay dep Indonesia
Chinh sach phat trien dich vu gia tri cao cho chuoi gia tri san pham giay dep. Mpt Iy do kbiln
Indonesia chiem ty ttpng tuong ddi cao trong gia tri xuat khdu giay dep, dd la Indonesia cd rat it dich vu dupc thuc bien bdi cdc doanh nghiep ttong nudc tinh dpc tiieo chudi gid tri. Day la mdt van dl can dang dat ra cho cac doanh nghiep trong nudc eua Indonesia. Khdng chi qudc gia ndy thdy phdn lon Ipd nhuan tir cdc hoat ddng dich vu cung ung va tieu thu san pham di ra khdi bien gidd md cdn cd ty le dieh vu thdp nbat trong xuat khau giay dep, ehi chilm 24%, dieu dd cho tiiay cdc doanh ngbiep khdng tdi da hda tdng gia tti tii xuat khau eua bp nhu Hinh 1 dudi ddy.
De dam bao thu lpi nhieu hon tii xudt khau giay dip, Indonesia edn cd nhiing cbinh sdch ma dudng, tim cdch dua edc dich vu vdo chudi gid tri sdn pbam gidy dip cua minh. Ddng thdi tiep till vd phdt triin thuang hilu riing ciia minb, eung cdp dich vu mua sdm vd hau can ndi bd la cac each de tang tdng gia tri vd dem lai lpi nhuan cao hon ebo qudc gia nay. Ngodi ra, cdc hoat ddng ma Indonesia edn yiu cbinh la vile ndm bdt cac gia tri tir nhimg boat ddng cd gia tri gia Hinh 1: Ph^n tram (%) gia tri dich vu tir xuat khau giay dep mpt so quoc gia Malaysia E S B B B H ^ H H ^ ^
Cambodia E i ^ H H n B H H M ^ ^ P I
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China Thailand Indonesia Philippines
(Nguon: Ca sa dir lieu ciia OECD Ti VA)
LYLUAN CHINHTRI-So 6/2019
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tdng eao hon ttong chudi gia tri. Chang ban nhu edc doanh nghiip tbudng yiu cdu trinb dd boc vdn cao bon va ttd luang cao hon ttong khi hieu qua Iam vile khdng khde biet.
Chinh sach cai thien lien kit chudi gia tri lac h$u. Ngoai viec nang cao nang luc cung cap cdc dich vu gia tri gia tang eao ban trong xudt khau giay dip cua minh, mdt each kbac dl In- donesia dam bao gid tri gia tang cao han cho llnh vuc xudt khau cua minh la cd nhiing chinh sdch cu thi cai thiin eae mdi Iiin ket xudi theo chudi va ea Uln ket ngupc trong chuoi gia tri.
Chang ban nhu trong nbieu tmdng hop, cde ngudn eung cdp nguyen vdt liiu tir ndi dia ddng tin cay khdng cd san edn thiet de san xudt giay dip. Ngay ca trong trudng hop ngudn cung trong nudc ed sdn, cae doanh ngbiep van Idy ngudn dau vao tu Trung Qude hoae nudc ngodi vi chat lupng trong nudc dupc coi Id qud thap.
Chinh sach cai tbien cac linh vuckhdngcanh tranh. Indonesia Id mdt qudc gia cd muc luang thdp va tiiuc te nay da mang lai cho qudc gia ndy mdt lpi thi eanh ttanh trln thi trudng todn eau ddi vdi cac mat bang san xuat tham dung lao dpngnhu giay dip. Qudc gia ndy da thdnh cdng ttong vile xuat khau cdc san pbam cua minh ra thi gidi, tir dd dan tdi su phdt triln kinh te nhanh chdng va tien luong lao dpng eao hon ddng kl. Thu nhdp tmng binh eua edng nhdn Indonesia trong ngdnh may mac, det may va giay dip khoang 200 dd la My radi thang va khoang each tiln luong gidi tinb Id 10%'^'. Mac du tiln luang van edn thap so vdd cac cudng qudc sdn xuat kbac trong khu vuc, tuy nhien In- donesia khdng the duy tri Idu ddi vdo chiln lupc san xuat luong lao ddng thap, chi phi thap vd tiidi ban. Chinh phu vd cdc doanh nghiep pbai tap tnmg dua ra cdc chinb sacb nang cao ky ndng lao ddng nhdm tang them gid tri cho cde
ddng sdn pham va tang hilu qua dau tu vao san xuat kmh doanh.
Chinh sach gdbd cac rao can vethechiNeu cac doanh nghiep giay dip cua Indonesia phat triln tdt ban ttong tuong lai thi eae quy dinh lao ddng phai dupe quy dmh hpp ly. Cbdng han nhu cdc chinb sdch luong tdi tiiieu, chinh sach sa thai edng nhdn doanh nghiep phai tta chi phi sa thai cao nhdt so vdi cdc nudc ttong khu vuc, dung thir 3 todn cau vl mirc luong thdi vile nhu Hinh 3 dudi day. VI Iy thuyit, dilu ndy cd nghia la bao vl quyen ciia ngudi lao ddng va eung cap mang ludi an toan xa hdi trong trudng hpp mat viec.
Tuy nhiin, ttong thuc tl, nd tao ra mdt sd vdn de radu tiiuan vdi muc tiiu nay. Chi phi sa thai cao cd the Id mdt yiu td gdp phan giup Indonesia xep thu 72 ttIn DiSn dan kinh tl the gidi, chi sd von nhan luc, do ludng mue dp mdt qudc gia phdt triln kiln thuc va ky ndng cua luc lupng lao ddng.
Dilu nay ciing dung sau Tnmg Qudc (thu 34) vd Thdi Lan (tbii 40), va cbi sau Viet Nam (thu 64).
Chinh sach phat triin cosdhsi tang. La mdt qudc dao, Indonesia duang nhien phdi ddi mat vdi nhung thdch thuc vl co sd ha tang, tdc ddng din eae ngdnh cdng nghiep vdd chudi cung ung rdng khdp biln gidd qudc t l nbu giay dip. Khi nen kinb te toan cau ngay cang hdi nhdp va thuong mai giiia cac qudc gia tang len, ca sd ha tang trd nen quan trpng ban ddi vdd mdt qudc gia tham gia thanh cdng vao chudi gia tri toan cau. Co sd ha tdng nhu mdt thdi nam cham manh vl vdn vi nd mang lai hilu qua boat ddng Iiin quan den van chuyen hang boa trong va ngoai nude. Do dd, cude dua nang cap ea sd ba tdng, ddc biet lien quan den giao thdng van tai khdng bao gid kit thuc.
Chdt luong dudng xd vd cang kem la mdi quan tdm cbinh ddi vdi phia hdu cdn ciia chudi cung ung giay dep.
LYLUAN CHINH TRI-So 6/2019
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QU6CTEViet Nam hien la trung tdm sdn xudt gidy dep xudt khdu lan nhdt tren the gioi __ Anh: baodautu.vn Chinh sach day manh hap tac va dao tao
qudc ti. Doanh ngbiep viia va nhd cua Indone- sia sdn sdng ticb circ tham gia vdo boat ddng xudt khau, nhung khdng biit ldm till nao dl tiln hanh. Hp kbdng cd nhilu mdi liin be qudc tl vd khdng cd nhan vien cd ky nang can tiiiet de Hln lae vdd khdch hdng nudc ngoai. Hon nua, trong nbilu trudng bpp, quy ttinh san xuat cua hp khdng cho phep bp ddp ung eae boat ddng tdi thiiu bdt budc cua nhieu khach hang qudc tl.
Cung vdi nhirng chinh sdch trln, Indonesia can giai quyet nhiing vdn dl d bin ttong cu the nhu sau:
Can suhd trotich cue tie phia nha nudc. Suhd trp ciia nha nudc se tbuc ddy ndng luc thuong mai va kit ndi cdc ddi tac ttong va ngodi nudc.
Can su tham gia manh me hon cua cac td chdc va hiep hdi nganh nghe. Chinh phu va cac hiep hdi nganh cdng nghiep can tap tmng vdo
viec tilp cdn cac nha san xudt gidy dip dl tiido go khd khan, rao can vdn dang pbai ddi mat ttong hoat ddng xudt khau.
Tangcudngdao tao, bdi dudng ngudn nhan luc cho nganh. Dao tao ky nang eung se rat quan ttpng dl dam bao rdng cdc doanh nghiep trong nudc cd dupc kbd nang tuong tdc true tiep vdi cde doanh ngbiep qudc tl cao hon. Hp can hpc each tilp tbi thuong hilu eua rieng minh, tim ngudn nguyen lieu eua riing hp va eung cap cho ngudi mua san xuat dich vu ddy dii, boan thdnh vdi viec giao hang den dich cudi cung. Cung cdp cho ngudd lao ddng Indonesia nhinig ky nang ndy ed thi dat dupc tbong qua cde chuang trinh dao tao do chinh phii hodc ngdnh dan dau.
Nhanh chdng cai thien cac quy dinh phap ly Hpp ly hda cac quy dinb lao ddng trong nudc va ddi vdi cdc ddi tiiu Idn tten toan cdu si giup lam
LYLUAN CHI'NH TRI-So6/2019
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rd cbi phi boat ddng va biln Indonesia thdnh mdt dilm din hap ddn hon ddi vdi vdn nudc ngodi. Tdt cd cac cdp chinh quyen pbai lam viec dl dambao rdng eac quy dinb dupc hen kit giiia cdc khu vuc phap ly va cdc rao can thuong mai ndi bd dupc giam bdt.
Cai thien thu nhap cho ngudi lao ddng. Cdc quy dinh yeu can cae doanh ngbiep pbai ttd miie dp tbdi vile eao. Chinh sdch ciia chinh phii nin tdp trung vao viec loai bd cde rao can ddi vdi viec tuyen dung vd cho phep cac doanh nghiep In- donesia tu do ma hp cdn trong hoat ddng sdn xuat kinh doanh.
Giam cbi phi cac hoat ddng trung gian. Dieu quan trpng la Indonesia giam chi phi cho nhiing tbu tuc hanh cbinh va thu nop cdc loai phi nhu cbi phi dang ky tai san bao gdm phi, thue chuyin nhupng, thue tem va bat ky khoan tiianh todn nao khac eho co quan ddng ky tdi sdn, edng chung viln, co quan nha nude vd ludt su. Mac du cbi cd thue va thue tem lien quan tmc tilp din su can thiep ciia chinb phu, eae nha hoach dinh chinh sacb phdi tim cdch hop ly hda vile ddng ky tai san cho eae doanh nghiip mdi de khuyen khieh dau tu. Mdt khi dieu ndy dupc thue hien, dau tu eao hon cho phep cac doanh nghiep ehuan bi tdt ban dl xuat khau.
Dam bao an toan va an nmh nang luong cho nganh. Ndng luong ludn la mdt thanh phdn quan trpng trong bat ky cdu true ebi phi nao cua nha san xudt va rdt can thiet eho vile san xuat hdng loat gidy dip. Dam bdo tmy cap dien hieu qua va dang tin cay vdo cac boat ddng diln se giup giam bdt mdt sd van de ea sd ba tdng chinh dupe xde dinh bdi cae nhd san xuat.
Chinh phu dang Iln ke hoach loai bd ddn cac khoan trp cap nang luong trong tuong lai, vd dieu quan trpng la phai hilu dilu nay se anb
hudng din kha ndng canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiip Indonesia nbu the nao. Chang ban nhu Chien lupe eua chinh phii se nhdn manh din da dang hda vd bin vung cae ngudn nang lupng nhdm mue tiiu 23% nang lupng tir cac ngudn tdi tao vdo nam 2025'^'.
Cai thien nang luc tai cac cang biin Indone- sia. Tang cudng nang luc van tai bien se giup gidm bdt tdc nghen chudi cung ung, cdt giam chi phi cho eac cdng ty va biln Indonesia tiianh mdt noi bap dan hon dl kinh doanh. Cdc qudc gia cd cang the gidi cung thudng ndi Iln nhu cdc dilm tnmg chuyin quan ttpng ttong chudi gid tri todn edu vd mdt sd cang ban rdn nhdt thi gidi ndm trong khu vuc, bao gdm Thupng Hai, Thdra Quyen, Smgapore va Hdng Kdng.
Nang cap cas&ha tang. Chat lupng ciia ca sd ha tang Indonesia, nhat la ha tang giao thdng van tai phai theo kip cac ddi thu neu hp hy vpng duy tri vd eai thien gia tri tdng hpp ma hp ndm bdt dupe tu edc chuoi cung ung toan cau khdng ehi cd gidy dip md edn nhilu san pham cdng ngbiep khac.
3. Mot vai gffi y cho viec xay dirng chuoi gia tri cua san pham giay dep Viet Nam khi tham gia cac hiep djnh thircmg mai tir do the he mdi
Thunhat, gdbd cac rao can vethichiva cac quy dinh phap ly pbii hpp vdi thdng le qudc te theo cde hudng sau: i) Tiep tuc cai thien cac chinh sach cabin vHao ddng, viec lam. Cde cbinh sdch tdng luong tdi thieu, bao hilra thdt nghiep, giai quyit viee Idm eho thanh niln, dam bao cdc dilu kiln lam viec. Chinh sdcb ddo tao ky ndng lao ddng theo chung chi ngbl nghiep. u) Cai each thu tuc hanh chinh. Triln khai chinh phu dien tu manh me, dac biet la cac boat ddng xudt nhap khau, tiiul quan hen quan den san xudt edng nghiep trong nude, iii) Cai
LYLUAN CHINHTRI-So 6/2019
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thidn mdi tnrdng san xuat Tao dilu kiln eho cac td chuc cung ung dieh vu hau can san xuat trong nude. Tan dung ca hdi, thdi co tich hpp cdng nghe, thu phap ky tbudt ma edc doanh ngbiep nudc ngoai mang lai. Tao ca che thdng thoang cho eae hoat ddng nghien ciiu phdt trien (R&D) cua nganh vd theo tiing khdu eua chuoi gia tri. iv) Tap trung dau tuphat triin ca so ha ting. Ndng cap ca sd ba tang, dae biet Uln quan den giao thdng van tai, dudng xa va cang bien md dudng cho cdc chudi cung irng ngdnh gidy d i p phat trien.
Thiihai, tang cua^g nang luc cac chu thiva cac khau trong chudi gia tri cac san pham giay d i p nbu sau; i) Khau nghien ctru phat trien.
khuyen khich dau tu hop tdc nghiin ciiu, ddi mdi sdng tao pbdt trien san pbam mdi cua ngdnh gidy d i p mang dam chat Viet Nam; ii) Tham gia khau thiit ki mau ma. Phdt triln dpi ngii chuyen gia trong vd ngudi nudc tbiet k l kilu ddng pbii hpp vdi nhu edu, thi hieu theo dp tudi, ddng vde va dieu kiln sir dung; m) Giam thieu khau quanly, day manh dau vao san xuat Ddu tu cdng nghl, tbiet bi thdng minh vdo san xuat ddp ung cao ban nhu edu sdn xuat va qudn Iy; iv) Phat triin luc luang lao ddng kynang cao.
San xuat su dung lao ddng cd ky nang, cd tay ngbl da qua dao tao nhdra ndng cao bilu qua, hieu suat lao ddng va chat lupng san pbam; v) Nang cap cac boat ddng dich vu va hau can. Kit ndi cde khdu hau can, dicb vu va logistic dam bao khoa bpe, giam chi phi; vi) Ddimdiphuong thuc tieu thi san pham va phat trien thi trudng xuit khau. khuyen khich ddi radi phuong thiic thuang mai hda sdn pham, tiep tbi, ban hanh va tim kiem cac kenh tieu thu san pham nhanh chdng, hilu qua. vii) Thay ddi mdi quan he nha san xuat vol khach hang. Phat trien cde kenh tuang tdc giiia khdch hang vd nhd san xudt.
Giam bdt su 11 thude vao nudc ngoai tir khdu nguyin vat Ueu d i n tan tay ngudi tiiu dung d l tdi da hda lpi nhuan tir san xuat ttong nudc va xuat khau.
Thuba, khuyin khich cac doanh nghiep trong nudc tham gia vao cac khau trong chuoi gia tri san pham giiy da toan cau. Cdc doanh nghiip ttong nude can day manh iing dung khoa hpc cdng ngbl vdo san xuat cde phu kiln, edc nguyin vat Ueu dau vao san xuat vdi chat lupng cao, dn dinh, dap iing san xuat quy md Idn. Khuyen khich cdc doanh ngbiep ttong nudc ddu tu tham gia vao cdc khdu thiit kl, dieh vu sdn xuat, c h l tao san pbam vd tidu thu san pham nhdm tdi da boa lpi icb mang lai cho qudc gia. Cdc doanh nghiep san xudt ttong nudc cd budng tim kilm nhung tbi trudng tiiu thi san pham gidy dep
"hang trung" pbii bpp vdi nang luc san xudt ttong nudc, keo cdc doanh nghiep san xuat phu ttp cd ca hdi tbam gia vd gidm nhdp khdu nguyin vdt Ueu nudc ngodi •
(1), (2) Lien Hpp qudc: Cusaddlieu thuangmai, 2017, hltp://comttade.un.org.
(3), (4) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Trade Organization:
"Indicators of Employment Protection", 2017, http://www.oecd.org.
(5) ILO (Intemational Labour Organization): "De- veloping Asia's Garment and Footwear Industry:
Recent Employment and Wage Trends", Asia-Pa- cific Garment and Footwear Sector Research Note, Issue 8,2017, http://www.ilo.org.
(6) Indonesia Investtnents: "Indonesia's Footwear Industty Hurt by Minimum Wage Growth Uncer- tainty", 2017, hitps://www.indonesia-invest- ments.com.
LYLUAN CHINH TRj-So 6/2019
