Giai phap
nang cap chuoi gia trj cua bien tinh Ca Mau
N G U Y I N HCifO TAW Tom tat
Nghien cffu nay duac thuc hien thong qua cupc khdo sdt cdc chuyen gia vd 407 tdc nhdn tham gia chudi gid tri cua bien tgi 2 huyen Ndm Cdn vd Ngoc Hien cua tlnh Ca Mau. Ket qud nghien cffu cho thdy, chuoi gid Iri hien tgi co 7 kenh phdn phdi sdn phdm cua bien chU yeu la cua bien nguyen con lUai song (chidm 90,46%) vd 1 kenh phdn phdi sdn phdm thil cua (9,54%). Phdn phdi loi ich giffa cdc tdc nhdn trong chudi Men dang theo hudng co lai cho ngudi nuoi, cho ca sd che bien. Tuy nhien, vdn co nhffng diem de cdi thien hien trgng phdn phdi thu nhgp nay giffa cdc ldc nhdn theo hudng gia tdng lai nhudn cho todn chudi. Qua phdn tich chuoi gid tri hien tgi, ma trgn SWOT, nghien cffu da de xudt duac 3 nhdm gidi phdp cdn thffc hiin de gia ldng lai nhuan cua todn chuoi noi chung vd cho ngudi nuoi ndi rieng.
TiJf khoa: chudi gid tri cua bien, sdn xual, phdn phdi. tlnh Cd Mau Suminary
This study is conducted through the survey of experts and 407 actors involved in the mud crab value chain in two districts in Ca Mau province, which are Ngoc Hien and Nam Can. The fruit shows that there are seven marketing channels for mud crab produclion in which the main product is Live Mud Crab (accounting for 90,46%) and the only one channel for crab meat (accounting for 9,54%). Income distribution is in favour of the famers and manufacturers.
However, there is a room for the improvement of this income distribution among actors towards increasing net value added for the whole chain. Through current value chain analysis and SWOT analysis, this study proposes three groups of essential solutions to increase net value added for the whole chain in general, andforfamers in particular.
Keywords: mud crab value chain, production, distribution, Ca Mau province
GICJI THIEU dac bidl la Trung Qud'c, Nhat Ban... Tuy nhien, san lu'dng cua bien iff nhien d linh Ca Mau ngay cang Cua bien la 1 trong 5 nganh hang chu giam sut nghiem trpng do nhieu nguyen nhan, nhff:
Iffc cua tinh Ca Mau (lua chat iffdng cao, quy md nudi cua cdn nho le, thieu ky Ihuat^nudi, Hen ldm smh thai, cua bien, keo lai va chuoi). ket dpc va lien ke't ngang chffa chat che din d6'n chi Md hinh iTdm, nudi cua bien da gdp ph^n phi tang cao, chffa tan dung dffdc ldi the tiem nang quan trong trong sff phat tnen kinh t e - x a hien cd. Dac bi6t, cac lac nhan trong chudi chffa nhan hpi cho ngffdi nudi d tinh Ca Mau, do do thffc dffdc tam quan trpng trong viec cai thien^gia tri da thu hut dffdc sff quan tam cua nhieu gia tang cho san pham, thieu hd trd thdng tin va chinh hp nudi trong thdi gian qua. Dien tich cua sach, thie'u cam^ket dau ra san pham theo hdp dong, bien bao gdm tha nudi xen ghep vdi ldm nen gia khdng dn djnh, quy chuan hjnh Ihffc va chat va nudi vdi cac dd'i Iffdng khac khoang Iffdng khd dap ffng vdi nhu cau xua't khau, cua bien 125.000ha, san Iffdng 10.000 tan/nam; cdn phu thudc chu yeu vao thi trffdng Trung Qudc va tap trung nudi tai cac huyen Nam Can, chffa khai thac he't thi trffdng trong nffdc. Den naj/, Ngpc Hien (Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat chffa cd con sd' thd'ng ke chinh xac ve Iffdng cua bien trien ndng thdn linh Ca Mau, 2017). Ca Mau dffdc tieu thy trong nffdc va xua't khau.
Cua bien d Ca Mau dffdc ngffdi tieu Ngoai ra, cua bien Ca Mau bi gia mao dffdc ban dung trong va ngoai nffdc ffa chupng, d nhieu linh, thanh, cung nhff hien Iffdng day trdi cua ' T S , Khoa Kinh te, Tri/dng D^i hoc Can Thcf
Ngdy nhdn hdi: 29/11/2019; Ngdy phdn bien: 10/12/2019: Ngdy duyet ddng: 19/12/2019
HINH 1: SO DO CHUOI GIA TRI COA BIEN TINH CA MAO
T
cd trong lu'dng qua ldn, cua bdm tap cha't ciing da anh hirdng xa'u de'n thu'dng hieu cua bien Ca Mau. Vi vay, nghien cffu va de xua'l giai phap nang cap chuoi gia trj san pham cua bien tinh Ca Mau la he't sffc can Ihie't trong giai doan nay.
PHliONG PHAP NGHIEN CL/U
- Nghien cffu chu y6'u sff dung phffdng phap thd'ng ke md la, phan lich chudi bao gdm phan tich chffc nang chudi, tac nhan tham gia chudi, kenh thi trffdng va hd trd thtic day chudi; phan tich kinh te chudi bao gdm:
phan tich phan phd'i gia tri gia tang (Value Added- VA), gia tri gia tang thuan hay cdn gpi la ldi nhuan (Nel Value Added-NVA); sff dung cac chi sd'tai chinh, phan lich SWOT.
- Dia ban nghien cffu dffdc chpn theo hai lieu chi di6n tich va san Iffdng cua bien. Theo dd, hai huydn dffdc chpn la Nam Can va Ngpc Hien la 2 huyen cd dien tich va san Iffdng nhieu nha'l tinh Ca Mau.
- Nhffng quan sat dffdc chpn Iheo phffdng phap chpn mSu thuan lien tren dia ban nghien cffu va cac lac nhan tham gia chuoi dff(ic chpn cd tinh cha'l Hen ke'l.
- DB lieu sd cap: Dieu tra trffc tiS'p 407 quan sal mlu (6 cd sd cung cap gid'ng, 6 cd sd cung ca'p vat tff ndng nghiep, 6 ngffdi lao ddng, 180 ngu'di nudi cua, 180 ngffdi lieu diing, 4 chuyen gia, 6 ngffdi thu goni/lhffdng lai dja phffdng, I cd sd che bie'n, 1 cdng ty xua't khau, 6 ngffdi ban si, 6 ngffdi ban le, 5 td chffc hd trd) la cac tac nhan cua nganh hang bang bang cau hdi soan trffdc.
Thdi gian khao sat dffdc thffc hien trong nam 2018.
KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU
Ve chudi gia tri cua bien Ca Mau
Hinh I cho thay, chudi giii tri cua bien dnh Ca Mau cd 7 kenh thi trffdng:
- Kenh I: Nong hp nuoi cua — Thu gom —* Casd che bien -» Thffang ldi ngodi tinh -^ Tieu thu trong nudc:
Day la kenh tifiu thu trong nffdc, chu ye'u lieu thu thit cua dffdc Ia'y iff cua khdng dat tieu chuan de ban cua
tffdi, chie'm 9,54^f san Iffdng cua bien toan chudi.
- Kenh 2: Nong ho nuoi cua -^ Thu gom -> Bdn le -* Tieu thu trong nUdc: Day cung la kenh thi trffdng ndi dia va_Ia kenh thi trffdng lieu thu ndi dia nhieu nhat, chiem 13,55% san Iffdng cua toan chudi.
- Kenh 3: Nong ho nuoi cua -* Thu gom -^ Vua -^ Tieu thu trong nUdc: Day la kenh ti6u thu npi dia chidm 12,38%
san Iffdng cua cua toan chuoi.
- Kenh 4: Ndng hp nuoi cua —* Thu gom —* Vua —> Tieu thu ngodi nudc: Ddy la kenh phan phd'i chinh chie'm l^ trong cao nha'l_ 39,67% lurdng cua bidn cua loan chudi va diing cho xua't khau chu y6'u sang thi trffdng Trung Quoc.
- Kenh 5: Nong ho nuoi cua —* Thu gom -^ Bdn si -^ Vffa -* Tieu thu ngodi nUdc:
Kenh 5 chie'm 10,77% Iffdng cua bidn trong loan chuoi. Trong kenh nay, cac diem ban si thu mua cua Iff cac thu gom chie'm 26,92%
Iffdng cua bien loan chudi, sau dd ban cho vffa (10,77%) de vifa dem di xuat khau.
- Kenh 6: Nong hp nuoi cua —* Thu gom —* Bdn st —> Tiiu thu ngodi nUdc;
Kenh nay chie'm 16,15% Iffdng cua bien toan chudi. Dau tien ndng hd nudi cua ban 100% Iffdng cua da thu hoach dffdc cho thu gom, sau dd thu gom ban cho cac diem ban si 26,92% Iffdng cua trong toan chudi; ban si ban 10,77% Iffdng cua cho vifa; cdn Iai 16,15% tff dem di xua'l khS'u sang Trung Qud'c.
- Kenh 7: Nong ho nuoi cua —» Thu gom
—> Cong ty xudl khdu -^ Tieu thu ngodi nUdc: Kenh nay cung la kenh xuat kh£u chidm 8,71% san Iffdng cua bien cua loan chudi. Trong kenh nay, sau khi ndng hd nudi cua thu hoach se ban 100% cho thu gom. Sau dd, thu gom se phan loai va trdi cua theo day do cdng ty xua't khau tai trd, ddng thanh thung va dem ban cho cdng ty xua'l khau de xua'l khau sang nffdc ngoai.
Hmh 1 cdn cho tha'y, hdi lien hiep phu nff, hdp tac xa da td chffc cac Idp lap huan day nudi cua, thu mua cua khi cua Idn va tim d^u ra cho ndng ho nudi cua. Cac sd, ban nganh chinh quydn dia phffdng tridn khai md hinh nuoi cua hieu qua, hd trd 100% con gio'ng, tff ngudn vdn khoa hoc, cdng nghd tinh Ca Mau.
Ngoai ra, ngan hang thffdng mai cung hd trd tai chinh cho ta't ca cac tac nhan tham gia chudi khi cd nhu cau.
Phan tfch kinh te chudi Bang I cho tha'y, viec phan bd "ia tri gia lang (GTGT) va gia tri gia iJUig
20
thuan (GTGTT) cua nganh hang cua bidn tinh Ca Mau.
Kenh I: Nong hp nudi cua bien -^
Thu gom —>• Ca sd chebiS'n —* ThUffng ldi ngodi tinh -» Thi trffdng npi dia
Phdn phdi GTGT: Tdng GTGT cua kdnh dli trffdng 1 dai 102.000 dong/kg, trong do thu gom lao ra 10.000 ddng/kg cua (chie'm 9,8% GTGT cua chudi). Cd sd che bie'n tao ra 72.000 ddng/kg cua (chiem 70,59% GTGT ciia chudi). Thffdng lai ngoai tinh lao ra 20.000 ddng/kg cua (chidm 19,61% GTGT cua chudi). Ridng ndng hd tao ra GTGT 1.800 dong/kg.
Phdn phdi GTGTT; Tdng GTGTT cua chudi d kdnh nay la 77.294 ddng/
kg cua. Trong do thu gom nhan dffdc 4.191 ddng/kg GTGTT (chie'm 5,41%).
Cd sd che bie'n nhan dffdc 59.012 ddng/
kg GTGTT (chie'm 76,25%). Thffdng lai ngoai linh nhan dffdc 14.191 ddng/kg GTGTT (chie'm 18,34%). Rieng ndng hd khdng nhan difdc ddng nao GTGTT, ma cdn Id 154.560 dong/kg do ban cua xd, cua dat, cua gay cang, trong khi chi phi nuoi. Cling nhif cac kenh khac...
Qua phan lich ta tha'y dffdc viec phan bd GTGT, GTGTT khi sd che' vk lieu thu mpt kg cua bien thudc ve cd sd che' bie'n.
Kenh 2: Nong hp nuoi cua bien —*
Thu gom —* Bdn le —* Thi trffdng npi dia Phan phdi GTGT. Tong GTGT ciia kenh thi trffdng 2 dat 316.671 ddng/kg, trong do nong hp nudi cua bien tao ra 86,74% GTGT cho chudi (274.680 ddng/kg). Thifdng lai tao ra 19.678 dong/kg cua (chie'm 6,31%
GTGT cua chudi). Ban le lao ra 7,05%
GTGT cho chudi (22.313 ddng/kg).
Phdn phdi GTGTT: Tong GTGTT cua chudi d kdnh nay la 149.398 ddng/
kg cua. Trong dd, ndng hd nudi cua bien nhan dffdc nhieu nha't 118.320 ddng/kg GTGTT cua chudi (chiem 79,2%), xep thff 2 la ban Ie nhan dffdc 17.200 ddng/
kg GTGTT (chie'm 11,51%) va xe'p sau Cling la thu gom nhan dffdc 13.878 ddng/
kg GTGTT (chiem 9,29%), Qua phan tfch cd the thsfy, viec phan bo GTGT hay GTGTT khi san xua'l va tieu thy mpt kg cua bien phan ldn thudc ve nong ho nuoi cua bidn, Cdn thu gom va ban le, mdi chu the chi chie'm 8% ve GTGT va khoang 14% GTGTT so vdi ndng hd nudi cua bidn.
Kenh 3: Nong hp nuoi cua Men —' Thu gom —>• Vila —» Thi tridng npi dia Phdn phdi GTGT; t d n g GTGT cua kenh thj trffdng 3 dat 311.791 ddng/kg.
BANG ! • PHAN BO GIA TRI GIA T A N G , GIA TRI GIA T A N G T H G A N caAcAc TAC NHAN
Chi tigu None ho Thu com C(J siJ che bien ThiTOnp lai neoai linh
! mu 10 nnn lo nnn
''O (11)0 K 6 n h 2 : N 6 n p h $ - T h i i c o m - R a n 1.' Nong ho
Thu gom Ban le
OIA riso 19 (••,7K 7 1 i n 316 671 Nong hii
Thu ^om ViYa
21A hm
^^ hiy.
17411 311.791
8K.I0 5.59
82.19
Kenh 4: Nfinp; hft - Thii pom - Vifa (viiii't khaUt Nong ho
Thu eom Vij-a
Kgnh 5: Nonp ho - T Nong ho Ban ,si Viia
Kgnh 6: NSng h o - T
Ran si K g n h 7 : N 6 n g h 6 - T
274 hm 20 oon 314.35H
87.38 fi. 36
118 320 13 681
81.11 9.38
•'74 6R(
9.67f I9.n{
H.n' 311.627
88.1-^
3.l(
fi.U 2.fi2 100.01
118.320 3 878 13791
l.82(
137.80':
8.5.86 2.81 10.01 1.32 100.00 9.67t
35 1)01 319.358 274.fiS(
15 672 2 1 ..175 311.727
3.03 10.96 100,01
1 I8.32t 3.878 28.93^
151.132 7K.29
2.56 19.15 100.00 88.1]
5.03 6.86 100.01
I18.32(
9.86:
15.616 14.1.799
82.28 6.86 10.86 100.00
trong do ndng hg nuoi cua bien tao ra 88,10% GTGT cho chuBi (274.680 dong*g). ThitOng lai tao ra 19.678 dong/
kg cua (chig'm 6,31% GTGT cua chuSi). Vila chi chiem 17.433 dong/kg cua (chie'm 5,59% GTGT cua chuBi).
Phdn phoi GTGTT: Tong GTGTT cua chuoi d kenh nay la 149.953 dong/kg cua. Trong do, nong hp nu6i cua bien nhan duoc 118.320 dong/kg GTGTT ciia chuSi (chie'm'82,19%). Thirong lai nhan dUOc 13.878 dong/kg GTGTT (chie'm 9,64%). VUa nhan dUOc 11.755 dong/kg GTGTT (chie'm 8,17%).
Qua phan tich co the tha'y, viec phan bo GTGT hay GTGTT khi siin xua't va tieu thu trong nUdc mot kg cua bien nong hg nuoi cua bien la tac nhan dugc nhieu nha't; ke dg'n la thu gom vii sau do la vUa.
Kenh 4: Nong hii nuoi cua bien -^ Thu gom —* Viia
—y Xuat khdu
Phan pilot GTGT- Tong GTGT cua kenh thi trUSng 4 dat 314.358 dong/kg, trong do nong hg nuoi cua bien tao ra 87,38% GTGT cho chuoi (274.680 dong/
kg). Thu gom tag ra 19.678 dong/kg cua (chie'm 6,26%
GTGT cua chu6i). Vtfa ch! chie'm 20 000 dong/kg cua (chie'm 6.36% GTGT cua chuoi).
Phdn phoi GTGTT: To'ng GTGTT cua chuoi d kenh nay la 145.879 dong/kg cua. Trong do, nong hg nugi cua bien nhan ditoc 118.320 dong/kg GTGTT ciia chuSi (chiem 81,li%). Thu gom nhan dtfOc 13.878
ddng/kg GTGTT (chiem 9,51%). Vi/a nhan du'dc 13.681 dong/kg GTGTT (chidm 9,38%),
Qua phan tich la tha'y du'dc viec phan bd GTGT hay GTGTT khi san xuat xua't khau mdt kg cua bien, ndng ho nudi cua bien la tac nhan diTdc nhieu nhS't.
Kenh 5: Nong hp nuoi cua bi^n —* Thu gom —*
Bdn Sl -^ Vifa -^ Xud't khdu
Phdn phdi GTGT: Tdng GTGT cua kenh thi tru'dng 5 dat 311.627 ddng/kg, trong dd ndng hd nudi cua bien tao ra 88,14% GTGT cho chudi (2741680 dong/kg).
Thu gom tao ra 9.678 ddng/kg cua (chiem 3,1 % GTGT cua chudi). Ban si l a o j a 19.130 ddng/kg cua (chidm 6,14% GTGT cua chudi). Vtfa tao ra 8.139 ddng/kg cua (chiem 2,62% GTGT cua chudi).
Phdn phdi GTGTT; Tong GTGTT cua chudi d kenh nay la 137.809 ddng/kg cua. Trong do, ndng ho nudi cua bien nhan du'dc 118.320ddng/kg GTGTT cua chudi (chiem 85,86%). Thu gom nhan difdc 3.878 ddng/kg GTGTT cua chudi (chie'm 2,81%). Ban si nhan du'dc 13.791 ddng/kg (chiem 10,01% GTGTT cua chudi).
ViJa nhSn dUdc 1.820 ddng/kg (chiem 1,32% GTGTT cua chudi).
Qua phSn tich cd the tha'y du'dc viec phan bd GTGT khi san xuat va xua'l khau mdt kg cua bien, thi ndng hd nudi cua bien vin chie'm nhieu nha't 88,14%; xe'p ihiJ 2 la ban si 6,14%; xep thiJ 3 la thu gom 3,1%; va nho nha't la vffa chie'm 2,62% GTGT cua chudi. Cdn vide phSn bd GTGTT khi san xua't va xua't khau ndng hd nudi cua van chiem nhieu nha't 85,86%.
Kenh 6: Nong hp nuoi cua Men —* Thu gom —^
Bdn si —* Xud't khdu
Phdn phdi GTGT: Tong GTGT cua kenh thi iru'dng 6 dat 319.358 ddng/kg, trong dd ndng hd nudi cua bien tao ra 86,01 % GTGT cho chudi (274.680 ddng/kg). Thu gom tao ra 9.678 ddng/kg (chidm 3,03% GTGT cua chudi). Ban si tao ra 35.000 ddng/kg (chie'm 10,96%
GTGTT cua chudi).
Phdn phdi GTGTT: Tong GTGTT cua chudi d kenh nay la 151.132 ddng/kg, trong dd ndng hd nudi cua bien nhan diTdc 118.320 ddng/kg GTGTT cua chudi (chiem 78,29%). Thu'dng lai nhan du'pc 3.878 ddng/kg (chiem 2,56% GTGTT cua chudi). Ban si nhan diTdc 28.934 ddng/kg (chiem 19,15% GTGTT cua chudi).
Qua phan tich cd the thay, trong phan bd GTGT hay GTGTT khi san xuat va xua't khau mdt kg cua bien, thi ndng hd nudi cua bien vin chiem nhieu nha'l.
Kenh 7: Nong hp nuoi cua Men —• Thu gom —• Cong ty xud't khau -^ Xudt khdu
Phdn phdi GTGT: Tong GTGT cua kenh thi tru'dng 71a 311.727 ddng/kg. Trongdd,_ndnghp nudi cua bien chiem 88,11% GTGT ciia chudi (274.680 ddng/kg);
thu'dng lai lao ra 15.672 ddng/kg (chie'm 5,03% GTGT cua chudi); cdng ty xua't kha'u lao ra 21.375 ddng/kg (chiem 6,86% GTGT cua chudi).
Phan phdi GTGTT: Tdng GTGTT cua chudi d kenh nay la 143.799 ddng/kg. Trong dd, ndng hd nudi cua bien nhan dUdc 118.320 dong/kg GTGTT cua chuoi (chie'm 82,28%); thu'dng lai nhan du'dc 9.863 ddng/kg
GTGTT (chiem 6.86%); va cdng ty xuat khau nhSn du'dc 15.616 ddng/kg GTGTT (chiem 10,86%).
Qua phan tich cd the tha'y, trong phan bd GTGT hay GTGTT khi san xuat va xuat khau mot kg cua bidn thi ndng hd nudi cua bien vin chie'm nhieu nhat, Ifin li/dt chiem 88,11% GTGT va 82,28%
GTGTT cua chudi.
Ket ludn: Qua viec phan tich phan phdi GTGT va GTGTT cua cac tac nhfin trong 7 kenh thi iru'dng cua chudi gia tri nganh hang cua bien tinh Ca Mau cd the tha'y, kfinh xua't khau va k6nh ndi dia lao ra GTGT va GTGTT tu'dng diTdng nhau.
Nhu'ng, trong ca 7 kenh thi tru'dng ddu cd SLf ma't cSn dd'i trong sif phan phd'i GTGT va GTGTT gii?a cac tac nhan.
Kg't qua ph3n tich SWTO Tac gia da thiTc hien phan tich SWOT Clia chudi gia tri cua bien. Ke't qud nhif Bang 2.
DE XUAT MQT SO GIAI PHAP Tren cd sd ket qua nghien cu'u, lac gia de xua't cac giai phap nang cap chudi gia tri cua bien Ca Mau sau:
Nhom giai phap cat giam chi phi (i) Md rong, tdng cudng kiem sodt vd ndng cao chdt luang con gidng. Hien nay, tren dia ban tinh Ca Mau, cd khoang 70 cd sd sdn xua't cua gid'ng, cha't lu'dng cua gidng lot va du cung ca'p cho ngu'di nudi.
Mdt sd'nu'dc trong khu vifc thieu cua gidng can nhap thdm, hp dang tim each lien ke't vdi ta. "Tuy nhien, van con tinh trang cua gid'ng k6m cha't lu'dng, khdng rd ngudn gd'c nhap vao dia phu'dng gay anh hirdng den viec mua cua gid'ng cua ngifdi nuoi trong Tinh cung nhif vigc xua'l ban cua gid'ng ra ngoai Tinh. Vi vay, can thifc hien viec md rdng, lang cu'dng kidm soat con gid'ng va nang cao cha't lifdng con gid'ng.
(2) Tdng cudng quy hogch viing nuoi vd md rpng diin tich nuoi. Ca Mau cd dieu ki6n tu" nhidn va thdi tiet phii hdp de phat U-ien viec nudi cua bidn. Hdn nffa, cua dd nudi, dd cham sdc, ngu'di nudi cua lai cd kinh nghi$ni lau nam. Song, cac hp nudi cua chu yeu nudi theo quy md nhd, le du-a^ tren kinh nghiem truyen thd'ng' nen cln phai co gidi phap cu the cai thien tinh trang nay. Ben canh dd, nhu cau ve cua d trong nifdc va ngoai nu'dc Iai lien luc tang cao, dac bidt la cac dip Id tet^ Chinh vi the, kha nang dap iJng nhu cau thi iru'dng hien nay vin chda that
22
su* td't, do dd can phai cd giai phap tang cifdng quy hoach viing nudi va md rdng dien tich nudi dam bao viec cung u'ng theo nhu cau cua thi tnfdng hien nay.
(3) Tdng cudng cdc hogt dpng tap hudn ky thudt, cdc hpi thdo dixdy dffng cdc phuang dn nhdm ndng cao ndng sudt nuoi. Trong khi ngifdi nudi cua cd kinh nghidm nudi lau nam, thi ky thuat chpn gid'ng, ky thuat nudi cua va each u'ng bien vdi cac dieu ki$n thdi tiet ba't ldi anh hifdng den qua trinh nudi cua van cdn han che, ddi hdi phai cd giai phap khac phuc cu the. Chinh vi vay, giai phdp tang cifdng cac boat dpng tap hua'n ky thuat, cac hpi thao de xay dUng cac phu'dng an nham nang cao nang sua't nudi can du'dc thyc hidn, qua dd cat giam chi phi san xua't trong qua trinh nudi cua.
f-^j Day mgnh va md rpng cdc hogt dpng hen ket theo chieu sdu. Trong dieu kidn ngu'di nudi cua san xua't vdi quy md nhd khdng cd sif lien ke't rd rang vdi cac nha cung u'ng, trong khi gia ca vat tif, con gio'ng bie'n ddng, thi viec can lam la da'y manh, cung nhu'md rdng cac hoat ddng hen ket theo chieu sau.
Nhom giai phap nSng cao san lifgrng va chat liftfng cua bien
Khi nhu cau thi tru'dng cua trong va ngoai nifdc deu tang cao, thi viec cung ting cua ra thi trifdng ddi hdi sd' lu'dng Idn va cha't lifdng cao la dieu can thie't.
Cac gidi phap bao gdm:
(5) Hgn che thdt thodt ve sdn luang cua trong qud trinh nuoi. Trong qua trinh nudi cua ngu'di nudi cua gap phai nhffng van de hao hut sdn Iffdng cua chu ye'u do- ty Ie cua gid'ng hao hut cao, ye'u to thdi net ba't ldi va tinh trang pha hoai ao nudi, danh b^t len lut... da lam cho san Iffdng cua cua ngffdi nudi cua bi sut giam. Vl vay, giai phap han che' tha't thoat ve sdn lu'dng cua trong qua trinh nudi can dffdc thffc hien,
(6) Ndng cao ndng sud't nuoi. Mac dii dUdc sff lfu ai cua thien nhien va kinh nghiem nudi cua, nhffng nang sua't nudi
BANG 2: PHAN TJCH MA TRAM SWOT COA CHUOl GlA TRI COA BIEN 6 CA MAU DIEM MANH (S)
S l : Dieu kien nr nhien thich hop nuoi quanh nam.
S2: Ngif&i nuoi CO kinh nghiem.
S3: He thong nguon cung u'ng
"au vao va thu mua co ,san d dia phu'ong.
S4: Ngir6i nuoi cua va ngifdi thu gom cd mo'i quan he lau
c a HQI (O) 0 1 : Sif h5 trO ve iSp hua'n ky thuat, 0 2 : Chinh sach h5 trO quy hoach 0 3 : Nhu cSu ve thi mriJng tieu thu ngay cang cao.
04: Thu'Ong hieu noi tieng, 0 5 : Viet Nam la thanh vien WTO.
DIEM YEU (W) Wl: con con giong kem chS^t lu'ong W2: Chtfa co sir Hen ket giffa ngifOi nuoi va nha cung u'ng W3: Nuoi nho le, x\l phat, di&n tich nuoi chifa dap u'ng nhu cau.
W4: Ky thuat nuoi v3n con hgn chC
W5: Nhan thiJc xay difng cac mo hinh lien ket va hop lac con han che
THACH T H C C ( T ) T l : An ninh nuoi trong bi de doa.
T2: Dieu kien thSi net ba't lOi.
T3: Gia ca ihi tru'Sng bien dgng manh theo miia vu.
T4: Thong lin thj tnrdng chu'a ro rang,
T5: Nha nu'dc chu'a cd cO che quan 1^ dau vao va dau ra.
(1) W,_j^j0,: Md rdng, tang cu'dng kiem sodl con giong va nSng cao chS^i lu'ong con gid'ng, (2) WjOj: Tang ctfdng quy hoach viing nu6 md rong dien tich nui
(6) S,_j0,.j: Nang cao nang suat nuoi cua cua nguOi nudi (8) Sj^jOj,^,^: Ph^t trien manh he tiiong cung iJng dau ra, cung ca'p cho thi tru'dng trong nu'dc, cflng nhif xua't khau.
(3) W,jj_,T,j:Tang cifdng cac hoat dong tap huS'n ky thuat, Ciic hdi thao de xSy difng cac phifOng an nham nang cao nang sua't nuoi.
(4) WjTj^^j: Day manh va '" rong cac hoat dong liSn ke't theo chieu s3u.
(5) S,.,T,.,: Han chg thai tho^l vc san lu'dng cua trong qua Irinh nudi.
(7) Sj.j3_^_^: Xay dtfng he thong quan ly chat lu'dng dau vao, dau ra ket hop vdi cdng tdc pho bien Ihdng tm cho ngu'di nudi.
c g i a tl t ihL'i 1 2018
cua ciia ngu'di nudi van chffa cao. Vi vay, giai phap nang cao nang sua't nudi cua cua ngffdi nudi difdc de xuat.
(7) Xdy dung he thdng qudn ly chdt luang ddu vao, ddu ra ki't hap vdi cong ldc pho bie'n thong tin cho ngudi nuoi. Hidn nay, cha't Iffdng cua thanh pham chu yd'u du'dc kiem tra thdng qua qua trinh mua ban giffa ngffdi nudi va ngffdi thu gom khdng cd cd sd hay doanh nghiep cu the nao kidm chiJng cu the. Vi vay, can xay dffng he thd'ng chS't Iffdng d^u vao, dau ra kdl hdp vdi cdng tac pho bien thdng tin cho ngffdi nudi.
Nhom giai phap nSng cao l^ha nang tie'p can thdng tin thi trffdng
Ngffdi nudi cua da phan tidp can thdng tin ve gia cd chi qua Iruyen mieng tff ho nudi nay sang ho nudi khac va qua thu gom, thffdng lai thu mua trong qua trinh mua ban, nen dd dan tdi tinh trang bi ep gia. Do dd sff lffa chon ve thdi diem thich hdp, gid ban thuan ldi trd nen khd khan. Vi vay, viec cung cap thdng tin thi trffdng day du, kip thdi va chinh xac se khac phuc dffdc nhffdc diem tren.Q
_ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn linh Ca Mau (2017). Bdo cdo lmh hinh hogt dong nam 2017, dinh hudng phdt trien ndm 2018
2. Cue Thd'ng ke Ca Mau (2018-2019). Nien gidm Thdng ke tlnh Cd Mau ndm 2017,2018. Nxb Thddng ke 3. Vd Thi Thanh Ldc, Nguydn Phu Son (2013). Gido trinh phdn tich chudi gid tri sdn phdm ffng dung trong Unh vuc nong nghiep. Nxb Dai hoc Can Thd
4. Eschborn (2007). Lien ke't chudi gid tri - ValueLinks, GTZ
