LUAT
GIAI QUYET XUNG DOT PHAP LUAT VE NUOI CON NUOI CO YEU TO NlJCfC NGOAI
* BUI DUY KHLfdNG
TOM TAT:
De gidi quye't xung ddt phap luat ve ITnh vffc nudi con nudi cd ye'u td' nifdc ngoai, hau hd't cac nffdc trdn th^* gidi ip dung hai phffdng phap chinh la ban hanh cac quy pham thffc cha't, quy pham xung dot va tham gia cdc dilu u'dc qud'c te song phu'dng, da phu'Png ve nudi con nudi cd yiu td nffdc ngoai, Trong trffdng hdp cd sff khac biet giffa phap luat qud'c gia va phap luat qud'c td' ma qud^c gia dd tham gia thi cac quy pham phap luat qud'c te thffdng dffdc ifu tidn ap dung.
Trong pham vi b^i vid't, tdc gid trinh bhy giii quye't xung dot phap luat ve ITnh vffc nudi con nudi cd yd'u Id' nffdc ngo^i theo quy dinh phap luat mot sd' nffdc va Vidt Nam.
Ttf khda: Gidi quye't xung dot phap luat, nudi con nudi cd yeu to'nffdc ngoai.
1. D^t v3n ai
Xung dot phap luat trong viec nudi con nudi cd yeu to' nffdc ngoai la hien tffpng hai hay nhieu he thd'ng phap luat cd the dp dung de dieu chinh mot quan he nudi con nudi cd ye'u td'nffdc ngoai.
Nguyen nhan cd ban dan tdi hien tffpng xung dot phap luat neu tren la cd sff khac biet giffa cac he thd'ng phap luat khi quy dinh ve va'n de nudi con nudi cd ye'u td' nffdc ngoai. O mdt sd' nifdc hdi giao thi van de nudi con nudi khdng dffpc dat ra (bi nghiem ca'm). Mot sd' nffdc hdi giao khac thi cho phep nudi con nudi nhu'ng lai ca'm nudi con nudi cd yen to' nffdc ngoai, Cac nffdc cdn lai tren the gidi (dai da sd') cho phep nudi con nudi va nudi con nudi cd ye'u td'nffdc ngoai, Theo dd, ve he qua phap ly cua viec nudi con nudi/nudi con nudi cd ye'u to' nffdc ngoai cd hai ndi dung: nudi con nudi khdng day du/nudi con nudi ddn gian va nudi con nudi day du.Cu the la:
(i) Mot so' he thd'ng phdp luat cha'p nhan che' dinh nudi con nudi khdng day du/nudi con nudi ddn gian. Vdi che' dinh nay thi quan he cha, me - con giffa con nudi va cha me de khdng bi cat dfft.
(ii) Mdt sd' he thd'ng phap luat quy dinh nudi con nudi d^y du vdi he qud la quan he cha, me - con giffa con nudi vd cha me de bi cat dfft.
De giai quye't xung dot phap luat ve iTnh vffc nudi con nudi cd yd'u to' nu'dc ngoai, hau he't cdc nffdc tren the gidi ap dung hai phffdng phap chinh la ban hanh cac quy pham thffc cha't, quy pham xung xung dot va tham gia cac dieu ffdc qud'c te song phifdng, da phifdng ve nudi con nudi co ye'u td' nffdc ngoai. Trong trffdng hdp cd sff khac biet giffa phdp luat qud'c gia va phdp luat qud'c te' ma qud'c gia dd tham gia thi cac quy pham phap luat qud'c te thu'dng difdc ifu tien dp dung.
Viec Iffa chpn he thd'ng phap luat hdp ly de dieu chinh cdc quan he nudi con nudi cd ye'u to' nffdc ngoai la mdt trong cac bien phap de bao dam mot cdch td't nha't quyen va Idi ich hdp phap cho cac ben chu the tham gia vao quan he nudi con nudi cd yeu to' nifdc ngoai, dac biet la Idi ich cua tre em dffpc nhan lam con nudi. Ngoai ra, vide lffa chpn he thd'ng phap luat phu hdp cdn lam cho cdc vd'n de ve ndi dung, trinh tff giai quye't, he qua phdp ly va cdc vd'n de khac phdt sinh tff viec nudi
So 2 - T h a n g 2/2019 41
TAP GHi CONG IHIfONG
con nudi, Theo cdc hiep dinh nay: (a) Viec nhan va hiiy bo nudi con nudi dffdc giai quye't theo phap luat cua nffdc ky ke't ma ngifdi nudi mang qud'c tich (neu cha me nudi khdng cung mot qud'c tich thi viec nudi con nudi va huy bd viec nudi con nudi deu phdi dp dung phdp luat hien hanh cua hai nffdc ky ke't); (b) Ne'u phap luat ciia nffdc ky ke't ma tre em la cdng dan quy dinh viec nhan nudi hoac xin htiy bd viec nudi con nudi phai dffpc ngffdi dai dien hdp phap cua tre em, ciia cd quan nha nffdc cd tham quyen cung nhu'ban than tre ddng y thi phai tuan theo cdc yeu can dd; (c) Cd quan cd tham quyen giai quye't viec nhan hoac hiiy bd viec nudi con nudi la cd quan ciia nffdc ky ke't ma ngffdi nhan nudi con nudi hoac xin huy bd viec nudi con nudi la cdng dan (trong trffdng hdp cha me nudi khac qud'c tich, thi tham quyen thudc cd quan cua nu'dc ky ke't ndi vd chdng hien cd hoac da cd thffdng tru hoac tam tru chung). Vi du: theo quy dinh tai Dieu 30 Hiep dinh tffdng trp tff phap giffa Viet Nam va Lien bang Nga 1998 quy dinh "Cdc van de ve cdng nhan viec nudi con nudi difdc xdc dinh theo phdp luat ciia Ben ky ket ma ngffdi nudi la cdng dan vao thdi diem xin nhan con nudi". Tifdng iff nhff vay, Dieu 31 Hiep dinh tffdng trd tif phdp giffa Viet Nam va Lao quy dinh "Cdng ddn ciia nffdc ky ke't nay cd the nhan tre em la cdng dan cua nifdc ky ke't kia lam con nudi. Viec nhan con nudi phai tuan theo phdp luat cua nifdc ky ke't ma tre em dd la cdng dan". Theo nguyen tac chung nhff da neu d tren, trong tru'dng hdp cd sff khdc biet giffa dieu ffdc qud'c le va phdp luat qud'c gia thi dieu Ifdc qud'c le' se du'dc \Xu lien ap dung. Tuy nhien, van de nay chffa dffdc quy dinh cu Che trong Luat Nudi con nudi nam 2010,
Trong thdi ky Viet Nam hdi nhap vdi cdng dong qud'c te va dac biet khi da trd thanh thanh vien ciia Cdng ffdc La Hay nam 1993, cdc quan he dan sff md rpng ndi chung va quan he nudi con nudi cd ye'u td' nffdc ngoai ngay cang phdt trien da dang. Do vay, nhffng bat cap neu tren cua Lual Nudi con nudi nam 2010 ve giai quyet xung dot phap lual ve nudi con nudi can dffdc nghien cffu sffa ddi, bd sung nham tao ra cd sd phap ly day dii, rd rang de nang cao hieu qua dieu chinh cdc quan he nudi con nudi cd ye'u id'nffdc ngoai phat sinh tai Viet Nam,
3.2. Gidi quyet xung dot phdp luat ve vd'n de nudi con nudi co yeu to ntidc ngoai theo cdc dieu u&c quo'c temd Viit Nam Id thanh vien
Xung dpi phdp luat ve nudi con nudi cd yeu lo nu'dc ngoai la mdt va'n de quan trpng trong tUphdp qud'c te. Nd cung la cd sd de hinh thanh nhffng phffdng phap giai quye't xung dot phdp luat. Cd the hieu phffdng phap giai quye't xung dot phap Mi ve nudi con nudi cd ye'u to' nu'dc ngoai la viec cac qud'c gia lffa chpn mdt he thd'ng phap luat de dp dung giai quyet quan he nudi con nudi giffa cdc nifdc khi hp ky cdc dieu ffdc qud'c te.
Hien nay, hau he't cdc nffdc tren the' gidi deu ap dung hai phffdng phap dieu chinh quan he nudi con nudi qud'c le la phffdng phap xung dot va phffdng phap thffc cha't.
Nhin chung, mdi phu'dng phdp deu cd nhffng ffu the va han che nha't dinh, cd lac ddng qua lai, hd trd va bd sung cho nhau. Do dd, viec phd'i hdp ca hai phffdng phap nay mot each linh boat, mem dec khi cdc nu'dc ky ke't dieu ifdc qud'c te ve nudi con nudi se cd nhffng tdc ddng lich cffc dd'i vdi cdc qud'c gia thanh vien dieu ffdc qud'c te.
Cd the tha'y, phffdng phap xung dot va viec ap dung cac quy pham xung dot la phffdng phap chu ye'u diTpc sff dung trong cdc dieu ffdc qud'c te, bdi nd xua't phat tff thifc liln dp dung trong tff phap qudc le cua cac nffdc, kha nang di xSy dffng, chi phi it vi chi can thdng qua thda thuan cua cac ben.
Neu di sau nghien cffu phu'dng phap thffc cha't va phifdng phap xung dot thi ta tha'y phifdng phdp thifc cha't cd nhffng diem ffu viet hdn han so vdi phffdng phap xung dot bdi tinh nhanh chdng. cu the trong viec dp dung quy pham phap luat dieu chinh quan he nudi con nudi cd yen td nffdc ngoai. Tuy nhien, phu'dng phdp thffc cha't khd cd the dffdc xay dffng va dffdc thd'ng nha'l giffa cac ben bdi giffa cdc qudc gia khdng cd sff tffpng ddng ve hoan canh lich sff, thanh phan dan tdc. trinh dp phat trien va che do chinh tri... Do dd, viec xdy dffng mdt quy pham thffc chat la ra't khd khan.
Xet d gdc dp khac, cd the tha'y viec thd'ng nhat hda cac quy pham xung dot cung gdp ph^n cung cd'cho viec nha't ihe hda cdc quy pham thffc cha't. Khi quy pham xung dot cua mot dieu ffdc qud'c te dan chie'u tdi mpl he thd'ng phdp luatcu the ma cac quy pham ihffc cha't difdc dp dung de giai quye't quan he nudi con nuoi cd yeu id' nffdc
4 4 So 2 - T h a n g 2/2019
LUAT
'Kiingoai mdt each dfft diem thi ta lai tha'y linh chd't la nen tang can thie't de giai quyel quan he nudi ifliiisong hdnh giffa quy pham xung ddt va quy pham con nudi giffa cac qud'c gia thanh vi6n ciia dieu
•.' thffc cha't. ffdc. Qua dd, thie't lap mpl quy tac xff sff chung, t Nhff vay, sif thd'ng nha't giffa quy pham xung dot bao dam quy^n va nghia vu cua cdc bdn khi tham r,:'. va quy pham thffc cha't trong mdt didu ffdc qud'c te gia vao quan he nudi con nudi qud'c le •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
'Lien hpp quoc (1993). Cong udc La Hay ve bao ve tre em vd hop tdc trong ITnh vUc nudi con nudi quoc te.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Le Thi Ngoc Hoa (2009). "Nhdng tdn tai trong ca che gidi quyet vdn di con nudi qud'c te va gidi phdp khdc phuc", Ddn chu vd phdp luat, (So chuyen de phdp luat ve nudi con nudi).
2. Ddo Thi Thu Hudng (2004), Hoan thien phdp luqt Viet Nam ve nudi con nudi cd ye'u to nUdc ngoai hudng tdi gia nhap Cdng Udc La Hay 1993, Luan vdn thac si Luat hoc. Trudng Dai hpc Luat Hd Ngi.
3. Nguyin Phuong Lan (2009), "Nudi con nudi thUc te: Thuc trang vd gidi phdp", Ddn chu vd phdp luat, (So chuyen de phdp ludt vi nudi con nudi).
4. Lien hpp quoc (1993), Cdng Udc La Hay ve bao ve tre em vd hap tdc trong linh vUc nudi con nudi qudc te.
5. Lien hop qud'c (1993). Cdng Udc La Hay ve bao v? tre em vd hap tdc trong linh vUc nudi con nudi qud'c te.
Ngay nhan bai: 12/1/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chiJa: 22/1/2019 Ngay cha'p nh$n dang bai: 2/2/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
BUI DUY KHlTONG
Ldp CH16LDS_TV5_2, Tru'dng Dai hpc Tra Vinh
RESOLVING LEGAL CONFLICTS RELATED TO THE CHILD ADOPTION WITH FOREIGN ELEMENTS
• BUI DUY KHUONG Class CH16LDS_TV5_2, Tra Vinh University
ABSTRACT:
In order lo resolve legal conflicts in the field of child adoption with foreign elements, most countries in the worid apply two main methods, namely issuing rules about conflict of laws and the doctrine of renvoi, and participating in bilateral and multilateral international treaties on child adoption with foreign elements. In case there is a difference between national law and international law that the country participates in, the international regulations are often prioritized.
This article presents methods of resolving legal conflicts related to the child adoption with foreign elements according to the law of some countries and Vietnam.
Keywords: Resolving legal conflicts, child adoption with foreign elements.
So 2 - T h a n g 2/2019 4 5
