Cac nhan to anh hifdng den viec suf dung djch vu
thanh toan di dong
tai cac diem ban hang tren dja ban quan Lone Bien. Ha Noi
• • ^ • v u THl HANG MGA"
NGQYEN THI ANH"
N G U Y I N THi DONG"- Tom tgt
Nghiin cffu nhdm phdn lich cdc nhdn tddnh hudng den viic sddung dich vu ihanh todn dl ddng tgl cdc diem bdn hdng tren dia bdn qudn Long Biin, Hd Ngi. 210 mdu phii'u dieu tra duac phong vdn ngdu nhien cdc dd'i tuang la cdng ddn tff 18 tudi trd len, bao gom ngUdi da sff dung dich vu thanh todn di dgng vd chUa tifng sff dung dich vu thanh todn di dgng tgi mgt so diem bdn hdng tgi dia bdn khdo sdt.
Kel qud nghiin cffu cho thdy, cd hai nhdn to "Y dinh sff dung c&a ngudi tieu dting" vd "Mffc do bdo mat vd sUtin tudng ddi vdi nhd cung cdp" dnh hudng de'n viec sff dung dich vu thanh todn di dgng.
TH khda: tdc dgng, dich vu, thanh todn di dgng, diem bdn hdng, qudn Long Bien. TP. Hd Ndi Summary
This study aimed to analyze faclors affecting the use of mobile payment services at sales points in Long Bien dislrict. Hanoi. The authors conducted random interviews with 210 citizens from 18 years old who used or had never used mobile payment services. The fmding pointed out two factors, which were "Consumers' intention lo use" and "The level of security and trust in suppliers".
Keywords: impact, service, mobile payment, .sales points. Long Bien district, Hanoi city
GIOITHIEU
Trffdc xu the cua Cach mang Cdng nghiep 4,0, cac ffng dung cdng nghd ngay cang dffdc dffa vao cudc sdng con ngffdi nhieu hcfn de gidm thie'u thdi gian, cdng sffc. Vdi mdt chie'e dien thoai thdng minh, con ngffdi cd the' sff dung cac ffng dung, nhff: grab, uber de' tim xe, ban do va dac bidt sff dung cac ffng dung didn tff tren didn thoai thdng minh de' thanh toan lien, nhff: vi momo, samsungpay, mobile banking, hay quet ma Qr code... Thanh toln di ddng dang trd ndn pho bie'n va thinh hanh tai nhieu qudc gia trdn the' gidi. Tai Viet Nam, nam 2018 danh da'u mdt nam thanh cdng trong phat trien thanh loan didn tff khi thanh toan internet, thanh toan di dpng dat td'c dp tang trffdng an tffdng ve gia tri giao dich, tffdng ffng tang 19,5% va 169,5% so vdi nam 2017. Theo Khao satTidu dung Toan cau nam 2018 cua PwC dd'i vdi 27 nffdc/vilng lanh thd, thi Viet Nam lii thi trffdng tang trffdng nhanh nhat ve thanh toan dl dpng nam 2018 (Lan Hffdng, 2019), Tuy vay, Viet
Nam cdn gap nhieu thach thffc dd'i vdi muc tieu thanh toan khdng tien mat. Hdn nffa, nhffng ffng dung cdng nghd chffa dffcfc phat trie'n manh me tai mdt so khu vffe nen kinh td' cdn khd khan. Chinh vi vay, nghien cffu nham phan tich, danh gia ve cac nhan td'anh hffdng dd'n vidc sff dung dich vu thanh toan di ddng tai cac diem ban hang d-dn dia ban quan Long Bien, Ha Npi. Tff dd, de xuat mdt sd' giai phap nham thuc day vide sij dung dich vu thanh toan di ddng,
MO HiNH VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU
Md hinh nghiin cdu
Dffa tren ly thuyel '.i mdt so td'ng quan nghien cffu trffdc day, nhdm tdc gia xay dffng md hinh nglnen cffu gom ', **, •", Hoc vien Nong nghiep Viet Mam
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 14/10/2019; Nguy plum bicn: 17/11/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/11/2019 190
07 nhan to, do la: (1) Hidu qud ky vpng ky hieu la A, gdm 4 bid'n quan sat; (2) Nd Iffc ky vpng ky hidu la B, gdm 5 bie'n quan sat; (3) Anh hffdng xa hdi ky hieu la C, gdm 4 bie'n quan sat; (4) Nh§n thffc danh tie'ng cua nha cung cd'p ky hidu la D, gdm 3 bie'n quan sat; (5) NhSn thffc rui ro bao mat ky hieu Id E, gdm 5 bid'n quan sat; (6) Dieu kien thuSn Ipi ky hidu la F, gdm 3 bie'n quan sal va (7) Y dinh sii dung ky hieu la G, gdm 3 bie'n quan sat. Gid thuye't tS't ca cac nhan td' deu cd anh hffdng (quan he cung chieu dffdng) den viec sff dung dich vu thanh toan di dgng tai cac diem ban hang. Md hinh nghien cffu dffpc de xud't nhff Hinh.
Phuangphdp nghien cffu De tie'n hanh nghien cffu, nhdm tdc gia da thu thap so' lieu bang phid'u dieu tra onhne thdng qua cdc trang mang dien tiJ, nhff: facebook, zalo, gmail... va dieu tra trffc tid'p tai ba trung tam thffdng mai Idn trdn dia ban quan Long Bidn, gdm:
Tmng tam thffdng mai Aeon Mall Long Bien, Savico Mega Mall Long Bien va Vincom Plaza. Phffdng phap Id'y mdu phi xac sud't vdi so' mau dieu tra la 210, dd'i tffpng la cdng ddn tff 18 tud'i trd len bao gom ngffdi da suf dung dich vu thanh toan diddng va chffa tffng su'dung dich vu tai motsddi^m bdn hang. Nghien cffu dffdc thffc hien trong thdi gian thdng 7/2019.
Dii hdu nghien cffu dffpc phdn tich bang phin mem SPSS 20.0.
Nghien cffu sff dung cac phffdng phdp phan tich sd lieu, nhff: Phffdng phap thdng ke md ta, phffdng phdp so sdnh, phu'dng phap chuyen gia, phan tich hd sd tin cay Cronbach's Alpha, phan tich nhan td khdm pha (EFA) va phdn tich md hinh hdi quy tuye'n tinh.
KETQUA NGHIEN CLTU _ Do nghien cii^ hoan toan mdi, chffa cd sJn md hinh cac nhan td anh hffdng, ndn nhom tdc gia tid'n hanh phan tich EFA tnfdc nham sdp xd'p va rut gon sd' Iffpng bien quan sat, sau khi xdc dinh dffpc cac nhan td mdi tie'n hanh kid'm dinh dp tin cay bang he sd Cronbach's Alpha.
Phan tich EFA
Bang 1 cho thd'y, ke't qua kiem dinh Bartlett's cd gia tri Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05 cho tha'y, giffa cac bie'n trong tdng the' cd mdi tffdng quan vdi nhau, Hd sd KMO = 0,951 Idn hdn 0,5 va nhd hdn l,dieu nay CO y nghta la phan tich nhdn td thich hpp.
HIWH: MO HiMH WGHIEN CflU 1 H,S.,..k„,..l.> 1^
«„
kyvonB(-) 1 1 Anhhu ™B«ahS,.., ^1 ''''°"j"i1"r"' i"
BAMG 1: EtMO AND BARTLETT'S TEST BIEM DOC LAP KMO aod Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Samplina Adeauacv.
Bartlett's Te.st of Sphericity
Approx Chl-Square df
Sig.
,951 4931,545 351 ,000 BAMG 2: MA TRAM CAC MHAN TO KHI XOAY LAM 3
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Mever-Glkin Measure of Samolins Adeauacv.
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx, Chi-Sauare if
Sie
.940 3046.187 120 ,000
31 32 33 F2 F3 E2 El D2 E3 B3 A4 B5 B2 B4 Dl E5
Component 1
,909 W i 903 89S 897 S63 84S 836 83S 8?:' 817 8M 80'.
79^
2
.31C .357 ,434 .306 .402 .407 .418 .405 .896 .857 Extraction Method: Pnncipal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method. Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged m 3 iterations.
Vdi tieu chuan nhffng nhan to co gia tri Eigenvalue ldn hdn 1, thi mdi dtfdc gitj lai trong mo hinh phan tich ta thay, cd 2 nhan to'di/dc riit ra. Tong phu'ong sai trich (the hien trong cot Cumulative %) bang 65,159% cho biet, 2 nhan to' nay giai thi'ch dtfdc 65,159% bie'n thien cua cac bie'n quan sat. Til liet qua ma tran xoay cac nhan to lan 1, 2. ta loai bd dtfdc cac bie'n quan sat A1, A3, D3, E4, Bl, Fl, A2, Cl, C2, C3 vii C4.
Sau khi ma tran cac nhan to' da xoay xong, loai bd he so tai nho hdn 0,5, va bien quan sat A4 idiong cd dai dien cho nhan to' (Bang 2). ta dtfdc jce't qua va dat ten cho 04 nhdm nhan to' nhtf Biing 3.
Kiem dinh dQ tin cay Cronbach's Alpha Sau khi cd cac nhan to, nhdm tiic gia tien hinh kiem dinh do tin cay cua cac nhan to'bang he sd'Cronbach's Alpha. Ket qua phan tich cho tirng nhan to nhtf Bang 4:
191
BAMG 3: DAT TEM CAC MHAM TO TROMG MO HIMH MGHIEM CdO Nhom
SDI
SD2
SD3
SD4 NhSn 16'
Ydinh sif dung Clia ngxiiu lieu diing
Mu'c do bao mat v'd SLf tin lirdng doi v6i nhil cung cap
Thuan tien trong viec siJ dung dich vu Ihanh loan di dong Nhan thufc danh Ueng cua nhil cung cap vii danh Ky
Gl G2 r,3 F2 F3 El E2 E3 B3 D2 B2 B4 B5 Dl E5
C3u hoi danh gia
Gia su" toi CO quyen truy cap vao ihanh toan di dong tai cac diem ban hane tfli se .su' dune no
TOI nghT rang, M3I ban than t6i thanh toan di dong lai cac diem banhancthUc hien du'dc tatca cac nhu cau thanh toan Clia toi Toi se siJr dune dich vu thanh lodn di done tai cac di^m ban h^na TOI CO hieu bic'l can thiet ve viec su'dung dich vu thanh toan T6] se sur dung dich vu thanh toan di dong neu cuTa hang co trane hi cac thiet bi h5 trtJ thanh toan di done T 6 I dn tu'dng ring cac thong hn ca nhan ciia loi se du'dc bao ve khi thifc hifen cac giao dich qua dich vu (hanh toan di dong Cac thong Un tai chinh ciia i6i dUdc bao mat khi toi siJ dung T6i tm tu'dng viio cong ngh6 ma nha cung cap dich vu thanli Toi se d l dang thanh thuc cac ky nang siJ dung dich vu thanh TOI tin Ufdng nha cung ca'p dich vu thanh toan di dong cti uy Toi tha'y dich vu thanh loan di d6ng tai cac diem ban hang la Toi se dl dang dang nhap va thu'c hien cac giao dich qua viec sCf dung dich vu thanh lodn di dong tai cac diem ban hang Toi cam thS'y cac djch vu thanh toan di dong lai cac diem ban hane la de sif dune
Toi tin lu'dng nha cung cap dich vu thanh toan qua di dong c6 danh Heng tot
Toi tin rilng rui ro cua cac dich vu thanh loan di dong lii tha'p
BAMG 4: KET QGA KIEM DIMH CROMBACH'S ALPHA DOI Vdl CAC MHAM TO Bi^'n 1 Trung binh thang do 1 Phtftftig sai thang 1 Tifcfng quan 1 Cronbach's Alpha auan siti nS'u loai bi@'n 1 do nS'u loai bi@'n I bi^'n • t^ng I n@'u loai bi^'n 1. Nhan to'y dinh si'f dung cua ntiifdi tieu dung, Cronbach's Alpha = 0.942
F2 F3 Gl C G3
10,46 10,45 10,54 10,42 10,40
9.624 9.599 9,648 9.567 9,465
,827 ,878 ,874 .868 ,871
,935 .919 .920 ,92^
,921 2, Mu'c do bao mat va sUlin tu'dng doi vdi nha cung cap, Cronbach's Alpha = 0.957
El E2 E3 B3 D2
17,61 17,58 17,58 17,51 17,5C
26,229 25,914 25.383 25.174 25.418
,786 ,814 ,866 ,879 ,877
,952 .946 .940 ,939 .939 3. Thuan tien (rone viec su" dung dich vu thanh toan di done, Cronbach' Alpha = 0.966
B2 B4 B5
7,21 7,26 7,25 4, Nhan thi'fc danh Ii0'n2 nha cun
Dl E5
3,60 3,70
3,921 3.856 3,82
.899 ,936 .944
,969 ,942 ,937 e ca'p va danh aia rui ro, Cronbach'Aloha = 0.883
1,082 1,339
,667 ,667
Bang 4 cho tha'y, cac nhan to (3eu phu hdp v6i mo hinh va khong co h6 so' tifdng quan bie'n tong nao < 0,3, nen thang do du do tin cay trong phan tich nghien clJu.
Tom lai, thong qua phan tich EFA va he s6 lm cSy Cronbach'Alpha tactLi'clc4nhan to SDI, SD2, SD3 va
SD4, cho nen v§n difdc tiep tuc siJf dung trong mo hmh nghien cu'u.
Phdn tich hdi quy
Qua Bang 5, ta co phUdng trinh cua 4 nhan to dnh hifdng tdi viec sif dung dkh vu thanh loan di dong tren dia ban quSn Long Bien, nhu' sau:
SDI = 0.055*F1 + 0,060^F2 + 0,060*F3 + 0,062*G1 + 0,06P'G2 + 0.061''G3
SD2 = 0.063 ^El + 0.063 *E2 + 0,060''E3 + 0,062*83 + 0,064*D2
SD3 = 0,062* B2 + 0,061 *B4 + 0,063 *B 5
SD4 = 0,030*D1 + 0.031*E5 He so' cac bie'n quan sat du'dng chiJng to cac bi€'n quan sii co quan he tich cifc ciang chieu difdng de'n tCfng nhan to'SDI, SD2, SD3 va SD4. Vi vay, bat cu" mot su" tac dpng tich cifc nao de'n ba't ky mot bie'n quan sat nao deu lam tang gia tri cua tu'ng nhan to' anh hudng tdi viec su' dung dich vu thanh toan di dgng tai cac diem ban hang.
De xac dinh, danh gia va do lu'dng mifc do anh hifdng cua cac nhan to' tdi viec quyet dinh su' dung dich vu thanh toan di dong tai cac diem ban hang, nhom tac gia siJf dung mo htnh hoi quy tuye'n tinh nhif sau:
Y= flO+ al*SDl+a2*SD2-^ a3*-SD3 + a4''SD4
Ke't qua phan tich hoi quy Bang 6 cho tha'y, R- = 0,943 cd y nghia rang 4 bien dpc lap trong m6 hinh nghien cu'u anh hifdng de'n 94,3% de'n sif quye't djnh su' dung dich vu thanh toan di d6ng tai cac diem ban hang, con 3,3% con lai do anh hifdng cua nhu'ng bi6'n ngoai mo hinh va anh hifdng cua sai so' ngau nhidn. Hdn niJa Sig. = 0,000, mo hinh hoi quy phiJ hdp vdi diJ lieu. He so Durbin-Waston
= 1,844 < 2 chd'ng td khdng co sif tifdng quan giii'a cac phan dif. Mat khac, he so phdng dai phu'dng sai VIF cua tu'ng nhan to nhd hdn lOchUng td md hinh hoi quy khong vi pham hien tu'dng da cdng tuye'n, cac bien doc lap cd tifdng quan chat che vdi nhau.
Do'i vdi nhan id "Y dinh sii dung cua ngifdi tieu dung" {B, = 0,921; p, = 0,000 <0,05) cho tha'y. khi ngifdi sit dung cd hieu biet, cd y dinh sd dung dich vu thanh loan di dong, thi sc gm tang them so' ngu'di sii dung.
Dd'i vdl nhan to "Mi'rc dd bao mat va sif tin tu'dng do'i vdi nha (.LUI" cap" (B = 0.065 va p = 0,037 < 0.0? i [ h, ngifdi's^
dung tin tu'dng cang nhicu .j.-, nha cung 192
cap, thl so' ngifdi su' dung dich vu thanh toan di dpng se tang len. Mat khac, khi mu'c dp bao mat ngay cang difdc tang cao, tao them niem tin cho ngifdi tieu diing, thl hp cung se tin tifdng lifa chon suf dung dich vu.
Rieng do'i vdi nhan to' "Sif thuan tien trong viec su' dung dich vu thanh toan di dong" va "Nhan thu'c danh tie'ng nha cung ca'p va danh gia rui ro" khong difdc cam nhan do p > 0,05 khdng co y nghia thong ke (cu the: p, = 0,265 > 0,05 va p^
= 0,682 > 0,05).
Nhtfvay, ham hoi quy bdi difdc xac dinh:
Y= 0,008-\-0,921*SD1 + 6,065 ''SDI Ke't qua phifdng tnnh tren cho tha'y, CO 2 nhan td'anh hifdng den viec s&dung dich vu thanh toan di ddng, dd la: "Y dinh sil dung cua ngifdi tieu dimg" va "Mdc dp bao mat va sif tin tu'dng do'i vdi nha cung cap". Trong do, nhan to' "Y dinh sijf dung cua ngifdi ti6u diing" anh hifdng manh hdn nhan to' "Mu'c dp bao mat va sU tin tifdng do'i vdi nha cung cap",
KET LUAN VA M O T S 6 DE XUAT Ke't luan
Difa tren ke't qua phan tich dii' lieu difdc thu thap tai mdt so' die'm ban hang tren dja ban quan Long Bien nghien ciJu cho tha'y, tinh hinh su' dung dich vu thanh toan di dong tren dia ban Quan phat trien kha la td't. Ke't qua n§hien cdu cung cho tha'y, cd 2 nhan to' "Y dinh sd dung Clia ngu'di tieu dung" va "Mdc dd bao mat va sif tin tu'dng dd'i vdi nha cung cap" anh hifdng de'n viec .sd dung dich vu thanh toan di dpng. Cdn cac nhan to' khac khdng du'dc cam nhan.
Mgt sdde xud't
Nham thiic day viec sii diing dich vu thanh toan di dpng tai mpt so' diem ban hang tren dia ban quan Long Bien, trong thdi gian tdi, nhdm tac gia de xua't mpt so giai phap sau: Thff nhd't, can nang cao stf hieu biet cua ngudi tieu diing do'i vdi
BAPiG 5: MA TRAM COMPONENT SCORE COEFFICIENT MATRIX Comnonent Score CnelTiripnt Mafriv F2
F3 Gl G2 G3 D2 El E2 B2 B3 85 E3 B4 Dl E5
Component 1
.060 .060 .06^
.061 .061 .064 .063 .063 .06^
.06"' .063 .060 .061 .030 .031
2 -.155 -.123 -.137 -.135 .050 .003 -.025 ,044 ,033 ,044 -031 .031 .317 .4''4 Extraction Method' Principal Component Analysis
Component Scores,
BANG 6 : KET QUA PHAN TICH MO HINH HOl QOY TGYEN TINH Model
1 R ,957"
R auare
.943 Adjusted R Sauare .943
VIode) Summarv'' Sid. Error of the Estimate .15534
Durbin-Watson 1,844 a Predictors- (Constant!. SD4. SDL SD3. SD2
b, Dencndent Variable: X5 (Tinh hinh su duns) ANOVAa
Model 1
Total Sum of Squares 139,480 5.999 171.228
df 4 193 197
Mean Sauare 34.005
.022 F 1343.877
Sig.
.OOO*-
b Predictors: (Constantl. SD4. SDI. SD3, SD2 Model
1 SDI Unstan
Coef B
.008 .921 .065 -.03^
-.007 dardi zed Std. Error
,05^
,02^
,05:
,03 f .011
Standardized Coefficients Beta
.943 .082 -.030 -.003
.
.143 32.763 2,442 -1.155 -.271 Sig ,77.1 ,000 ,03/
,265 .682
Collinearity Statistics Tolerance
.226 .121 .243 .711
VIF 3,367 8.334 4.754 1.241 a DeDcndeni Variable X5 (Tinh hinh su dimpl
dich vu thanh toan di dong; Thii: hai. can nang cao stf bao mat va sif tin ttfdng ve dich vii thanh toan di dong;
Tltii ba, nang cao stf thuan tien trong vtec sti' dung dich vu thanh toan di dong; Thif lif, nang cao danh tieng nha cung cap va giam toi da riii ro doi vdi ngu'di tieu dung Ichi siV dling dich vu thanh loan di dong.Q
TAILIEU THAM KHAO
1. Hoang Trpng, Chu NguySn Mong Ngpc (2008). Phan lich da lieu nghien ciiu vdi SPS.S. tap 2, Nxb Hong DiJc , ,
2. Vu Van Diep (2017). ThUc Irang thanh toan dien tJ tai Viet Nam va mpt so kien nghi. Tap ciii Cong Thuang. so 1 1
3. Lan Hirdng (2019). Thanh todn di dong li Viel Nam gay cliodng vdi mitc ldng trudng 170%, tmy cap tfr https://laodong.vn/kinh-le/thanh-loan-di-dong-o-viet-nam-gay-chpang-voi-muc-tang- traong-170-736389.ldo
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