VAN DE QUAN TAM
Portland - do thi ben vifng van hanh bang mang intemet.
l/NG PHO BIEN DOI KHI HAU
^HlNH THANH CHu5l LIEN KET DO THI BEN VUfNG 2.0
•
T S H O A N G X U A N P H U ' d N G KERD Tectinoiogies
Nhu ciu hmh thanh chuQi do thj ben vffng vung chau thd.
^ ^ 7 thanh p h i Portland bang Oregon (Hoa Ky) cac ban thao edng J viee cdng ddng duac thuc hien qua mang de mpi eu dan va
^ ^ quan chUe d i l u hanh cd the cung nhau trao doi di d i n k i t luan i hanh ddng chung. Day la mot trong cac thanh p h i b i n vung t h i l t p g i n day nay duac nang d p thanh dd thi b i n vCfng 2.0 (sustain- 3le city 2.0) ma theo dd viec Ung phd vdi lan sdng ngudi do v l thanh
phd, vdi s u c a n kiet tai nguyen va vdi tinh trang khi hau bien doi khdng dan thuan chi la cai tao cd s d ha tang (infrastructure) ma ca doi mdi phong each quan trj tif chfnh quyen tap trung sang cdng ddng xa hdi (community).
Ngudi ta xac dinh mdt dd thj ben vifng dua vao muc dp quan tam den tac ddng mdi trudng gay nen bdi thien nhien va con ngudi, va vao viec sif dung hieu qua cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien nhat la nang luang va nudc nham tranh hoang phi ddng thdi khdng de tao ra nhieu chat thai bao gdm cac loai khi nha kinh lam Trai dat ndng len. Trudc viec bien doi khi hau dien ra nhanh chdng cimg mdi de dpa ciia sdng va nudc bien dang cao, cac chi'nh phii nay ehu y den viec nhanh chdng thiet lap cdng trinh bao ve, cai tao hoac xay mdi nhieu thanh phd lam thanh nhung chudi lien ket cac dd thj ben vifng nam doc theo b d sdng, giifa cac viing chau tho thap va ven cac viing duyen hai.
T U d o thi ben v U n g den t h a n h p h o noi m a n g -
Xu hudng dd thj hda dien ra mdi luc mdt nhanh va chang bao lau nira phan ldn con ngudi se sinh sdng trong cac thanh phd ldn nhd. Do thj trd thanh trung tam ciia ca 3 van de dan sd tang nhanh, tai nguyen can kiet va khi hau bien doi. Nhung dd thi cung la trung tam ciia cac giai phap vi d dd cd dil yeu td cd ban bao gdm tai nang, ddng vdn, cdng nghe va mang ludi de thuc hien cac sang kien kinh te va xa hdi.
Day khdng chi la udc mudn, cung khdng phai chi de xu ly timg v i n de rieng le rai rac nai nay nai khac, ma la s u phdi hap trong mdt chien Iuac chung bao gdm dau t u kinh te, phat trien lao dpng, cam ket cdng ddng, va kha nang thich img ddi sdng vao he mdi trudng mdi.
Trong hdi nghj d p cao EcoDistricts ban ve mdi trudng cap quan vua dien ra ngay 25- 27/10 tai thanh p h i Portland
N G U d i XAY DUNG SO THANG 1 2 - 2 0 1 0
iTNG PHO BIEN DOI KHI HAU»
(Oregon, Hoa Ky) cae nha nghien cifu va nha quan ly deu cdng nhan rang con ngudi trong mdi cpng ddng dan cu la trung tam cua su phat trien ben vimg. Su thay doi ket cau ha tang (infra- structure) de mpt dd trj trd thanh thanh phd ben vimg la dieu tat yeu. Nhung viec doi mdi cung each quan trj tu chinh quyen tap trung sang cdng ddng xa hdi (community) cdn quan trpng hon.
Tu day noi len vai trd ciia cdng nghe thdng tin vdi Web 2.0 cd cac tinh nang tuong tac rat manh giup cho mdi ngudi trong cpng ddng cd the true tiep tham gia vao cac quyet djnh rdi cung phan cdng thuc hien cac quyet dinh dd . Qua trinh nay tao nen sue manh tong hpp cd kha nang ddi phd cao hon, nhanh hon vdi dp thi'ch img nhay ben hon, va nhu the mdt the he cac thanh phd ndi mang gpi la dd thj ben vimg 2.0 (sustainable city 2.0) da thuc su ra ddi.
TU muc tieu ben vung den dau t u ha tang-
Khi con ngudl la trung tam ciia eae dd thj ben vung thi viee dau tu ca sd ha tang bao gdm ndi mang phai duac cdng ddng dat ra nham dat cac muc tieu cap bach, than thiet hay hieu qua nhat.
Trong khi thanh phd Le Havre (Phap) coi viec phat then du lich
HafenCity dUdc cai tao nang cap tff cang song (mau dam).
den timg khu dan cu la cdt Idi ciia chien Iuac ben vung thi Melbourne (Uc) vdi 3,8 trieu dan coi bien phap ddi phd vdi bien doi khi hau nudc bien dang cao va vdi nhu cau gia cu thich Ung lam can ban thuc hien. Khi cac thanh phd Abu Dubai (Cac Tieu vuong qudc A Rap) va Dongtan (Trung Qudc) dUdc xay mdi hien dai thi Ulaan Baator (Mdng Cd') va Porto Alegre (Brazil) dau tu vao phat then dd thj mau muc va cai tao cac khu 6 chudt. May nam gan day ngudi ta nhan ra mdi lien
JIA.
Tau thuyen chi neo dau nOi bfin poonton len xufing theo thuy trigu.
quan chat che giua tinh trang khf hau bien doi qua nguy hiem vdi viee khai thac sif dung qua mirc hoang phf cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien tu dat dai, ngudn nudc va nang luang hda thach.
Trong khi dd phan Idn cac thanh phd va trung tam dan cu nam dpc theo bd sdng hay gida cac vung thap chau tho va duyen hai. Cac dd thi ben vifng nay dat nang tieu chi dau tu eho viec sir dung cd hieu qua cac ngudn nang lugng mdi va vao cac cdng trinh bao ve chdng xam thuc bdi thiiy trieu, sdng va nudc bien.
HafenCity ciia thanh p h i Hamburg (Due) tren bdsdng Elbe la mpt m l u hinh dd thj b i n vijng tren bd sdng anh hudng thiiy trilu. TU cac phd cua mdt cang co ngudi ta thilt k l nen thanh p h i mdi lam 5 bac: Phfa ngoai la elu tau gdm cac poonton len xudng tdi 3 met theo eon nudc, tilp theo la b i n cang va ldi di bd, tren nua la cac cdng vien nim giifa muc cao trinh bin cang vdi mat dudng cung nen kiln triic. Nhung cay cau va dudng din bp hanh lien kit phd CO dudi thip vao thanh phd mdi tren cao.
Van hanh do thi ben viPng bang Web 2.0-
Thiet lap mang internet tfch NGUdl XAY Dl/NG SO THANG 1 2 - 2 0 1 0
LTNG PHO BIEN DOI KHJ HAU...
Cao trinh thanh ph6 nang din tff bd ke bg hanh len den xa lo.
hpp cdng cu tUdng tac tUc thdi nhu blog, wiki, video the he Web 2.0 phii khap thanh phd tU cdng sd din tu gia dUdc coi la dIu tu cho ha tang cd sd thiet yeu (essential infrastructure) nham van hanh cac dd thi ben vifng. Su tham gia true tuyen (online) eiia cdng ddng vao viec dilu hanh rit quan trpng tU khau ban bac, quyet djnh den thuc hien. Ngudi ta cd the thay doi thdi quen phan loai va tap ket rac thai chi trong vai ngay chu khdng mit nhieu nam. Cac djch vu cdng ed the duac thuc hien chi trong vai phut.
Nan trdm cudp ed the chan dUng ngay tai chd. Mpi cudan nay nhan ra ring minh ed nhieu quyen ldi thiet than va nghia vu gan ket vdi thanh phi dang d han hp da tudng, va thue su hp dang lam chii.
Vai trd van hanh eiia Web 2.0 ndi cac thanh phd dien tif dUde bieu thi bang ehu 3C, bao gdm Cdng ddng dieu hanh (Community), Cdng hudng thdng tin (Communication) va Cdng tac thuc hien (Collaboration) d ea lanh vuc chi'nh quyen, viec cdng va viec tu. Ngudi ta nhan ra rang dau tu cho he thdng mang ludn tiet kiem va hieu qua nhat. Mdt cu dan thanh phd hay lien hiep cac dd thj ndi mang (nerworked urbans) de dang tim duac viec
lam, nha d, tham chf ca chd dau xe hay ndi cung img djch vu gia dinh. Viec ifng phd vdi cac bien doi xa hpi, thdi tilt, cac biln ddng kinh te hay thien tai tham hpa ddi hdi nhifng thdng tin tUe thdi va chinh xac, Oieu nay trd thanh hien thuc khi ehung ta biln Web 2.0 tif phUdng tien giao tilp xa hpi thanh cdng cu dieu hanh.
Dac trung ben viFng do thj dong b i n g song Cd'u Long
Ddng bang sdng Cifu Long dUde xep vao hang thU 3 trong cac chau tho chju anh hudng nghiem trpng eiia nude bien dang cao trong cac thap nien tdi. Su xam thuc ciia sdng va nudc mdi nam mdt manh them trong ca hai khu vuc ven sdng va ven bien.
Hien tUdng lao hda he thdng sdng ngdi lam tang he sd udn khiic ddng chay va md rdng mat cat ngang ciia tat ca cac sdng ldn nhd. Cau ngan ngd ben Id ben bdi gan nhu khdng cdn dung nua va tat ca cac cdng trinh rieng le eung nhu cac lang mac, thj tU, thj tran d hai ben bd deu bi uy hiip dudi ap luc nudc phfa bien dang len va phfa ngudn do xudng. Vi vay nhu cau can ban cho su ben vifng dd thi ddng bang sdng Cifu Long la thiet lap he thdng bao ve theo timg ddn vj te bao va lien ket chiing lai thanh chudi cae thanh phd bin vifng.
Trong cac nam tdi ndng nghiep se chju anh hudng bat ldi nhit eiia biln doi khi hau khi ma nen kinh te ddng bang sdng Cifu Long v i n chua thoat khdi tinh trang thuan ndng. Chieu hudng thu hep dit, thilu hut nudc, gia tang dan va cu dan di chuyen vao eae dd thj trong viing nay da la dieu hien nhien. Vi vay viec trien khai eae sang kien phat then edng nghiep phii hop vdi vimg chau tho trd thanh van d l d p bach, khdng chi de cung cap viec lam cho lao ddng mdi ma edn bao dam phat then kinh te bin vifng va an sinh cdng ddng. Tren thuc t l mUc dp ben vifng ciia mdt dd thi lien quan den su ben vifng ciia ea mdt vimg.
TU day chiing ta nhan ra ring dac trung (cac nhu elu) ben vifng d ddng bing sdng Cifu Long phai bao gdm: (1) Bien phap bao ve de cac mdi dd thj van hoat ddng t i t trong mpi dieu kien khi tUdng thiiy van, (2) Lien kit thanh chudi thanh phd ben vifng bang cae ha tang giao thdng va lien lac, (3) Phat then eae nganh edng nghiep theo hudng kinh t l tri thdc nghia la it sir dung tai nguyen va nhu eau van chuyen, va (4) Dau fundi mang edng ddng d eae elp dp nham ho tra cdng tae van hanh dd thi ddng thdi thuc day dao tao, nang cao dan tri, tim kiem viee lam va md rdng thi trudng.•
Tai lieu tham khao:
Cac thanh ph6 bgn vffng (136 trang):
Portland- Thanh ph6 b^n vffng n6i mang:
Mo hinh thanh phd b6n vffng HafenCity giffa vLing chau tho:
Lien kSt cac thanh ph6 b§n vffng vung chau thd:
Web 2.0- Cong cu van hanh thanh ph6 bgn vffng:
fljA CHi LIEN LAC TAG GIA:
Hoang Xuan PhffOng
2/5° Ha Hoang Ho, TP Long Xuyen, tinh An Giang.
fiien thoai: 095 5297050 E-mail: [email protected]
NGUdl XAY Dl/NG SO THANG 1 2 - 2 0 1 0
