I KHOA HOC ^ E S H I B i l ^ B
NGHIEN CUtJ Dir BAO DONG CHAY LU VA XAY DITNG DU^OfNG QUA TRINH XA LU VE HA DU CHO CAC HO CHITA THUOC LlTU VlTC
SONG BA TINH DAK LAK iTNG V6l CAC CAP DO MU'A, AP DUNG DIEN HINH CHO HO CHITA N U ' 6 C EA KNOP HUYEN EA KAR
Hoang Ngpc Tuan Viin Khoa hpc Thdy 10 mien Trung vd Tdy Nguyen Tom tdt: Biin doi khi hdu tao ra nhiing hinh thdi thdi tiit cyic doan ddn din luu lu0tg lU, dudng qud trinh lU cung nhu luu luang xd lH vi hg du trong th^c ti van hdnh khdc nhieu so vdi thiet ki ban ddu theo hudng bdt Ipi lam cho cdng trinh cd nguy ca mdt an todn. Vdi mong muon cd the die bdo duac luu lupng, muc nude hd cUng nhu xdy dung qud trinh xd lU vi hg du tuang img sat vdi thuc te giiip cdc ca quan qudn ly, van hdnh hd dap cUng nhu cdc cdp chinh quyen dia phuang cd thi chu ddng img phd khi xdy ra mua lH . Trong bdi bdo nay gidi thieu img dung phdn mem HEC-HMS de tinh todn cho 1 hd chua diin hinh thudc luu vuc Song Ba tinh Dak Ldk lam ca sd di dp dung cho cdc hd chiia khdc ciia khu vuc
Summary: Climate change causes the extreme weather patterns that lead to flood flows, flood process curve as well as flood discharge into downstream areas in operation are more different from the initial design in a negative direction that can pose serious risks for the safety of the construction. With a view to forecasting the flow, water level of reservoirs as well as establishing the process curve of flood release into discharge downstream closely to the observed curve that help regulatory agencies responsible for managing dam reservoir as well as local authorities actively respond to the situations when floods occur, this article introduces the application of HEC-HMS software to make forecast for a typical reservoir in the Ba River basin of Dak Lak province as a basis for application to other reservoirs in the region.
1. DAT VAN DIE khdng ddm bdo an toan nlu xdy ra lii Idn do Luu vuc sdng Ba ndm d phia Ddng va Ddng ^^^ ^^ "^^ t ^ sudt lu nhd khdng cdn phii hpp Bdc ciia tmh Dak Ldk, thudc dja ban cdc huyen ^'^ * ^ ^ ^^- ^*^" ^^i khi h^u dd 1dm cho mua Ea Hleo, Krdng HNang, Ea Kar va M'Drak. ^^ }" ' ° " ^ ^ 8 ^^P '^^ ^^ *="°^g "^O vd t ^ sudt, Theo thdng U cim Chi eye Thuy lgi hipn trong ^^^ ^^"^ ^^'^ ^ so vdi trudc ddy. Trong khi viing cd khoang 121 hd chiia vd 11 dap ddng ^^ *=®^8 t""*^ * ^ o ^^ ^"^c xdy dyng rdt thd vdi tdng dipn tich tudi thilt k l la 9.951 ha, tuy ^^\ ^ ^ 5 " ^ ^ y?» hdnh dd bj hu hdng, nhi^n trSn thyc t l di^n tich tudi khodng xudng cap... dan din gidm kha ndng thdo lu, 8.756ha, dat 88% di$n tich tudi thilt kl. "*Vrc nude ho thudng xuySn vugt qua myc Nguyen nhdn chu ylu Id do cac cdng trinh ^'"^^ ' ^ S &^ * ^ " ^ 8 ' *h?m chi nhilu hd cdn thiiy lgi xdy dyng each ddy da lau, bi xuong ™ ^ ^*^ ^^^ ^ P . ^^ dpa din sy an toan ciia cdp trdm trpng Mdt so cdng trinh hd chua ^°^^ ^ ^ ^ P ^^* ^ ^ 8 ^^ ^^ '^^a din tinh mang va tdi sdn cua ngudi ddn phia ha du. Du bdo lu trudc day chd ylu theo cdc phuong Ngay n h ^ bai: 02/8/2017 i,- *„ i *i.- L- -• .- i. * - X *i Ngay thdng qua phan bi§n: 26/9/2017 P^'fP ^ y ^ " , ^ ^ S ' <=^ "^^ *"* * « ^ * ' ? ^ Ngay duy?t dang: 28/9/2017 ^^^ *^^t ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ '^^* ^^^ ^^
34 T^P CHl KHOA HQC VA C O N G N G H C T H O Y LOI S6 40 - 2017
KHOA HOC i ^ E S H S B B ^ B
ddc bi^t Idn (PMF) ciing nhu mua tren luu vye theo thdi gian thyc. DJie biet do ban ehl v l trinh dd khoa hpc cdng nghp eiing nhu phuong phdp tinh toan nen chiing ta khdng the dy bdo lii tir mua mdt each nhanh chdng dugc.
D I khdc phyc nhung ban ehl neu trdn, chiing tdi da thii nghiSm ling dyng md hinh thuy vdn HEC-HMS de tinh todn cho I cdng trinh cy the la hd Ea Knop thudc tieu luu vyc sdng Ba cua tinh Ddk Ldk lam ca sd de dp dung eho cdc cdng trinh khdc .
Theo sd lieu thdng ke eua Dai Khi tupng Thuy vdn tinh Dak Ldk, l u g i ^ mua thdng trung binh mua lu tai cac tram khi tugi^, thuy vdn trong khu vyc tinh dao ddng tir 180 mm din 485mm.
Cac hd chUa vimg nghien cuu chu ylu la cdng trinh cdp III nen theo QCVN 04- 05/20I2/BNNPTNT dugc tinh toan vdi tdn suat: lii thiet ke vdi P ^ 1,5%; lu kiem tra P = 0,5% va cd the xem xet kiem tra vdi lu eye ban PMF. TTieo sd lieu thu thdp dugc tai eac tram KTTV trong khu vuc thi cdc tr|in mua sinh lii tuang ling vdi cac tdn sudt dao d$ng trong khodng gia tri nhu sau:
+ Ddi vdi mua I ngay Idn nhdt: Lugng mira thilt k l X^*^ dao ddng tu 210mm - 300nun;
lugng mua kilm tra X*^^ dao ddng tir 250nun - 350mm;
+ Ddi vdi mua 5 ngay Idn nhdt: Lupng mua thilt k l X™ dao ddng tir 350mm - 500mm;
lugng mua kilm tra x'^^ dao ddng tir 500mm - 700mm.
Tren ca sd tinh toan du bao Iii, xay dyng qud trinh lu den, qua trinh xa lii xudng h^ du vd myc nude hd tuang ling vdi eac cdp dO mua la 100mm, 200mm, 300nun, 400mm, 500mm; mua thiet ke, mua kiem tra, mua eye han PMP.
2.. PHAM VI NGHIEN CUtJ
Cac hd chia nude cd dung tich tr6n I trieu ni3, cd dudng dac tinh Idng hd thupc luu vyc sdng Ba cua tinh Ddk Ldk
3. NOI DUNG NGHlfeN CtTU
Tinh todn thiiy van dy bao lu din cdc ho chiia ling vdi eac trdn mua thyc t l tir 100 mm, 200 mm, 300mm, 400mm,500 mm din mua thilt kl, kilm tra vd eye h?tti PMP (trdn mua Idn nhdt khd ndng cd the xdy ra tren luu vyc) bdng md hmh HEC-HMS;
- Xay dung dudng quan he giiia lugng mua vd luu lugng !u v l hd tuong irng;
- Tinh todn dieu tiet lii qua hd ehfta;
- Xdy dyng dudng quan M gifia lugng mua, luu lugng xd vd muc nude hd tuang img vdi lugng mua khac nhau.
4. PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU Cae phuang phdp nghien eiiu duge dp dyng:
+ Phuang phdp phdn tich, thdng ki, ki thica cd chpn Ipc cdc tdi lieu da cd.
+ Phuang phdp md hinh: Sit dung md hinh HEC-HMS md phdng qua trinh mua-ddng chdy den hd chiia;
+ Phuang phdp dieu tra, phdng vdn, khdo sat thuc dia: dt hiSu chinh va kiem dinh ket qua tinh todn;
5. Dtr LIEU VA TRINH TV* TINH TOAN 5.1. DLT li^u tinh toan
- Sd lieu dia hinh, dia mao, thdm phii,..: dya tten Ban dd dia hmh ty I^ 1/10.000; ban dd DEM;
- Sd lieu khi tugng, thuy vdn: Sir dyng tram thuy vdn An Khe va tram khi tugng M'Drak dai dipn cho ciia luu vyc d l tinh todn; ddy Id 2 trgm cd ddy dii sd lieu du ddi vd tin c|iy. Tr|in mua hi^u chmh 1: tir ngay 01/11/2007 06/11/2007; tran mua hieu chinh 2 tu ngay 21/11/2008 - 28/11/2008; tran mua kilm djnh tir ngay 15 - 21/10/2009. Sd lipu mua vd ddng chay dugc lay tii sd lieu tram An Khe.
Mugn dudng qua trinh cua trdn mua tir ngay Ol/I I/20I5 din ngdy 05/11/2015 tram M'Drak de md phdng qua trinh mua tuong ling vdi cdc
TAP CHf KHOA HQC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y Lpl 5(3 40 - 2017 35
KHOA HOC ^ E S B I B i l H
cap dp mua den cdc hd chiia.
Dudng dac trung Idng hd : do Chi eye Thuy lai tinh Ddk Ldk exmg dp;
5.2. Trinh tutinh todn
(I). Phdn chia tilu luu vyc dya vdo ban do dia hmh ty le 1/10.000 vd ban dd DEM cua khu vye bang GIS.
(2). Lya chpn tram khi tugng thuy vdn d^
bi6u.
(3). Hipu chinh, kilm dinh va xdc dinh bd thdng so tdi uu cho md hinh.
(4). Tinh todn luu lugng d i n hd tuong irng vdi cac cap dp mua.
(5). Tinh toan dieu tiet dS xdc djnh luu lupng xa xudng hg du va muc nude hd tuong ling vdi cae cap dp mua.
(6). Xay dyng cae duang quan he giua:
+ Lugng mua luu vyc ~ luu lupng din;
+ Luu lugng d i n ~ lim lugng xd va + Lugng mua luu vye - Iim lugng xa ~ muc nude ho tuang ung vdri cac cdp dp mua.
Sa do cdc budc thyc hien dugc t h i hi$n nhu hinhl
Thu thap tai li$u vl h i chiia trong khu vyc tinh Bdk LSk
Phan lo?i nhiing h6 chiia viia va nho, c6 ho sa thilt kl, Z~F~V
Thu thap so li?u mua, dong chay trgm thiiy van tr6n luu vuc
Dya vao quan h? Z~F~V mdi hd chiia;
xay dyng dirdng quan h? myc nude va luu lupng xa Z ^ x a
Kiem dinh va Hi^u chinh de tim ra bp thong so mo hinh toi uu cho mh\
lim vyc h^ chiia
Md phdng ddng chay lii den ho va xay dyng duong quan h$ luu lugng lu den lu xa vdi cudng dp mua cho timg h6 chura.
Hinh l.Sado tinh todn 6. KET QUA TINH TOAN
6.1. Ttnh toan Du bao dong chay Iii den ho chiia 6.1.2. Hi^u chinh vd kiim dinh mo hinh Trong luu vye sdng Ba ed nhieu trgm Khi tugng thuy vdn cd the su dyng d l tinh toan nhu: h:am Krdng Buk, M ' Drdk, An Khe...
Tuy nhi8n, trgm Krdng Buk ndm d phia Tdy thupc hodn todn d vung khi hdu Tay Trudng Son nen neu sir dyng se khdng hgp ly. Tram
M'Drdk ndm d hg luu cua luu vuc sdng Ba va tram nay chi quan trdc mua, khdng cd tdi hfiu ddng chay d l hipu chinh kilm dinh cho md hinh. Trong khi do, tram An Khe cd v\ tri ndm phia thugng ngu6n hp thdng sdng Ba, cd so lipu quan trdc mua, dong chay ddy du va cung chiu su chi phdi cua khi hdu Ddng va Tdy Trudng Son, chinh vi vdy, sii dyng tram An KhS lam tram dai d i | n eho tilu luu vye de hi|u chinh va kiem dinh bO thdng sd eho md hinh.
36 TAP CHf KHOA HQC VA C O N G NGHf T H O Y Lpl S(5 40 - 2017
I KHOA HOC ^ A I ? I J 5 M i l : ^ K6t qua bd thdng so hieu chinh, kiem djnh tai /. Sd lipu mua va ddng chay thyc do d tram tram An Khe vd cdc chi ti8u ddnh gia tgi bdng nay ed budc thdi gian la At= 6 (h)
Bang 1: Bp thong so hifu chinh va kiem djnh t^i Iiru vuc An Khe Thong so
1. B9 thong so Tdn That (Loss)
Ton that ban 4au (initial Abstraction)(nmi) Chi so CN ( Cuver Number)
% Dien tich khong thSm (Impervious) Chuyen ddi ddng chdy (Transform) Thai gian tri (Standart lag) ( h ) He so dinh (Peaking coefficient) Ddng chdy ngdm (Baseflow)
Dong chay ngam ban dau (Initial discharge) (mVs) Hang so nuac nit (Recession constant) He so lech dinh (Ratio)
2. Chi tieu Nash
Hi$u chinh Tr|n 1
Ki^m dinh T r j n l Triin3
30 50 0,00
30 50 0,00
30 50 0,00 9
0,47 9 0,47
9 0,47 180
0,70 0,25 0,94
420 0,70 0,25 0,84
80 0,70 0,25 0,95
Hinh 2: Kit qud hieu chinh trdn 1 (1-6/11/2007) vd trdn 2 (21-28/11/2008)
Hinh 3: Kit qud Hem dinh trdn 3 (15-21/10/2009)
Sau khi tim dupe bd thdng sd cho mdi tieu luu vyc, sir dung bp thdng sd do tinh toan ddng chay lu d i n cac hd tuang ung vdi cac cap dp mua. Ket qud du bao luu lugng lu den cho cdc hd khac.
6.1.3. Ung dung tmh todn d^ bdo lu vd xdy dung dudng qud trinh IS den cho Ho Ea Knop Hd chiia nude Ea Knop dugc xay dyng vd dua vao sii dyng ndm 1980, thudc xa Ea Knop, huyen Ea Kar, do Cdng ty 333 qudn ly van
TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y L O I S(5 4 0 - 2 0 1 7 37
KHOA HOC ^ E B H i B i l ^ B
hanh. Tlieo ddnh gid, hd nay khdng dam bao an todn: dap da hi Iiin syt, cdy cd mpc nhilu, ca phS trdng Idn chilm hanh lang an toan dgp, khi
lu Idn nude trdn qua mSit 6$.p gdy mat an toan;
trdn xa lii ndm d vai trai ddp, trdn ddt, cd gia co bdng rp da tuy nhiSn ndng lyc thdo lu kem.
TT 1
3
Bang 2: Thong s6 cu ban ho E a K n o p Thong so 1 Dcmvi | Gid tri
Hochira Dien tich luu vuc Cao trinh MNDBT Cao trinh myc nude chet Cao trinh myc nude ddng gia cudng
Dung tich chit Dung tich hihi ich Dung tich toan bO hd Trdn xa lii Hinh thiic tran Cao trinh ngudng tran
km^
m m m 10'm' 10«m^
10'm' 65 438 428,5 440,9 1,12 7,16 8,28
I T 2
Tran dinh r^ng, chay tu do m 1 438
Thong s5 SSp dat Cao trinh dinh dap dSt Chi6u rong dinh dap Chieu dai dap Chi§u cao dap 16n nhat Hg s6 mai thuong luu He so mai ha luu
ChiSu rpng tran Hinh thuc tran
Donvi m m m m
m Gia trj 442,5 5 549
23 m = 3,5
m = 3
15 Thuc dung
Hinh 4: Dudng qud trinh luu lupng lU den hd Ea Knop img vdi cdc luang mua
Hinh 5: Dudng qud trinh xd lu ve hg du hd Ea Knop icng vdi cdc luang mua
Nhan xet: Hau het luu lugng Iii den cac hd d ddy deu cd dgng kha bat lgi: Iii len nhanh va nit cham. Nguyen nhdn chu ylu la do dia hmh ddc, rung thupng ngudn cdc hd chu ylu la rung trdng cay ca phe, khdng phai rirag nguyen sinh nen kha ndng giii nude k^m.
Chinh vi vdy khi xdy ra mua lu, rdt de lam cho cdng trmh tran, dap dat mdt an todn.
6.2. Xdy dirng dudug qua trinh xa lu v l ha du Md hmh HEC-HMS khdng chi Id md hinh md phdng tdt qua trmh mua ddng chay, ma nd cdn duac su dyng tinh toan dilu tilt Iii cua hd chira, tinh toan vd dap... Md hinh eho phep dua cdu tnic eiia dap nhu hinh dang cac eita xa mat, cua xd day chieu cao dap va cdc thanh phan hoc hoi, tdn thdt vao dk tinh toan . Sd lieu ddu vao de tinh todn dieu tiet trong md hmh nhu sau: Muc nude cua hd d dau thdi doan tmh toan, lay bang myc nude dang bhih thudng. Dieu kien bi6n Id luu lugng lii din hd ling vdi cac cdp dp mua.
Luu lugng xd qua tran tmh theo cdng thiic:
38 TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y LOI S(5 40 - 2017
KHOA HOC MiMl'lll'llflM
Trong dd:
b: chieu rdng trdn ( M ) ; H: cdt nude tren trdn (m); g: gia tdc trpng trudng ;
#: He sd CO hep ben ; m: He sd luu lugng.
Tu luu lugng ddng chdy den hd da dupe tinh todn, su dyng md dun Outflow Structures trong md hinh HEC-HMS tinh todn dilu tiet lii cho cac hd chiia.
cdng tac phdng, tranh Hi.
Kgt qua dudng quan he lugng mua ~ luu lugng xa ~ muc nude ho: X~Zh~Qxa
Hinh 9: Quan he mua ~ muc nude - luu luang xd icng vdi lupng mua 300mm
Hinh 6: Md dun Outflow Structures su dmg tinh todn dieu tiet lU
6.3. Xay dung quan he lugng mua ~ luu Itrgrng x a ' - mi^c mr&c ho t m m g ung Kit qua du bao lii din hd ung vdi eac lugng mua khac nhau da dugc trinh bay d tren, tuy nhien, ddi vdi cdc chii hd va ca quan qudn ly hd can phai ra quylt dinh nhanh chdng de ling phd khi lu xdy ra. Vi vay, cdn phai xay dyng bieu dd quan he giiia lugng mua X ~ luu lugng xa Qxa ~ myc nude hd Zh, dl khi Dai Khi tugng Thuy van phat tin du bdo lugng mua cd the xay ra trong nhiing ngay tdi, chii hd cd the xac dinh so bp dugc ngay muc nude hd tuong ling de cd quylt dinh xa nude ha thdp muc nude ddn lii dam bao an toan cdng trinh va chu dgng trong
Hinh 10: Quan he mua - mice nude - lieu lupng xd ling vdi luang mua 400mm
1
. ^ '^.
r/ ^
/
/ •
J-' /;
,;f;:j^v]-iv^4iSt:ti::'fefe^t:fei:'
-
Hinh 11: Quan he mua - muc nude ~ lieu lupng xd ungvdi luprng mua 500mm
Hinh 12: Quan he mua ~ muc nude - luu lupng xd ling vdi kieh bdn mua thiet ke
TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H C I Y L O I SI5 40 - 2017 39
KHOA HOC ^ ^ ^ 5 3 ! B ! 1 ^ B
Hinh 13: Quan he mua ~ muc nude ~ luu luang xd ung vdi mua kiem tra Vdi bilu dd quan he nhu tren, khi thdng tin dy bao lupng mua den ndm trong khoang tir lOOmm den 500mm, chu hd cd the ndi suy cac gia tri luu lupng v l ho, muc nude ho, luu lupng xd tuong ling de tu dd sa bd xac dinh dupe nguy ea ng|ip lut ha du
7. KJ&TLUAJV
- Tren eo sd cdc s6 lieu khi tupng, thiiy van, dia hbih, m|t dem.. .cua cdc tram do trong luu vyc, da ling dyng thdnh cdng md hinh HEC-HMS de xay dyng dugc 1 bd thdng sd chung md lunh cho tilu luu vuc Sdng Ba tinh Ddk Ldk cd dp tin cgy (he sd Nash = 0,84- 0,95) dl tmh todn dilu tilt lu cho cac hd chiia nude, kit qud dat dupe tuong T A I L I E U T H A M KHAO
ddi tdt, ddm bao phyc vu cho cdng tac dy bao vdi yeu cdu chat lugng d mire dp so bp. Tuy nhien de cd ket qud tdt hon edn cd sy nghien cuu, thu thap them sd lieu (dia hinh, tham phu, KTTV, dac trung Idng hd,...) vd do dac bd sung ddi vdi timg hd chiia cu the.
- iTng dyng thdnh cdng thih toan cu the cho 1 cdng trmh dai dien la ho chiia Ea Knop huyen MaDrak tinh Ddk Lak vdi cae k8t qud : + Dy bao ddng chdy lu den hd ling vdi ede tran mua pho biln tu 100mm d£n 500mm va mua eye hgn PMP;
+ Xdy dung dudng qud trinh luu lugng xd qua tran v l hg luu vdi cae trgn mua tuong ling;
+ Xdy dyng dudng quan he giiia Luu lugng din " myc nude ~ Iim lugng xd tuang ung vdi cdc trdn mua tren luu vuc
- Ket qud dat dugc la eo sd phyc vu cdng tac vdn hanh hd chiia trong miia mua lii; dy bdo nhanh lii din va ed bien phdp chu ddng img phd phdng chdng lii, lyt cho cdc hd trong miia mua bdo, giiip gidm thieu thiet hgi ve ngudi vd tai san eho ngudi dan khu vyc hg du hd chiia nude.
[I] Ha Van Khdi va nnk, Md hinh todn thuy vdn, NXB Ndng nghiep, 2005.
[2] Hodng Thanh Tung (2004), "Dy bdo lu va canh bao ngdp lut cho hp thdng sdng Huong tinh Thira Thien Hul". Tap chi khoa hpc ky thudt thiiy lgi vd mdi trudng - DH Thuy lgi.
[3] Nguyen Dinh, Nguyen Hoang San, Le Dinh Thdnh, "IJ^ng dyng md hinh HEC-HMS nghien eiiu md phdng ddng chay lu luu vye sdng Huang".
[4] Hoang Ngpc Tuan, Vien KHTL mien Trung vd Tdy Nguyen, "De tai. tTng dyng Bp cdng cy du bdo lii va eanh bao ngdp lyt sau ha du do xd lu gdy ra eho eac ho chiia thiiy lgi vira va nhd d khu vye tuih Ddk Ldk".
40 TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA CONG N G H £ T H O Y Lpl S(5 40 - 2017
