NGHIEN CLfu - TRAO OOI
Giai phap thuc day thifc hien
Chien iiTtfc Tang triTofng xanh of Viet Nam
O TS. MAI VAN TIEN Dai hoc Tai nguyen va Mdi trUdng Ha Ndi
La nudc chiu anh hudng n0ng ne cua bien doi khi hau (BDKH), Viet Nam xac dinh phUdng thtfc Tang trudng xanh (TTX) la muc tieu cho phat trien ben vUng dat nudc va thuc hien cam ket vdi cong dong qudc te cung chung tay Ung phd vdi BDKH. Dong thdi, do cung la cd hgi nang cao ddi sdng cho ngudi dan thong qua viec tang sUc canh tranh cua nen kinh te va gdp phan thuc day qua trinh tai cd cau nen kinh te va tiep tuc theo duoi thanh cong muc tieu xoa ddi giam ngheo.
Viet Nam tiep can Tang trUdng xanh theo hudng ben vuhg
Tang trudng xanh dapc hieu la
"chien lapc thuc day qua trinh tai cau true va hoan thien the che kinh te'theo hudng si^dyng hieu qua tai nguyen thien nhien, nang cao sUc canh tranh eOa nen kinh te, thong qua tang cUdng dau ta vao ddi mdi cdng nghe, vdn tU nhien, cdng cu kinh te, ta dd gdp phan bao ve mdi tradng (BVMT), Ung phd vdi BDKH, giam ngheo va b&o dam phat trien kinh te' ben vQng".
Nhan thUc dapc vai trd cua TTX, ngay ta nam 2012, Thu tadng Chfnh phu da ban hanh Quyet dinh sd 1393/QD-TTg phe duyet Chien lupc Qudc gia ve TTX. Trong dd,
xac djnh, TTX la each thUc phat trien phu hpp vdi yeu cau ddi mdi md hinh tang trudng va tai cau true nen kinh te giai doan 2011-2020, bao dam muc tieu quan trong la'
"TTX, tien tdi nen kinh te cac-bon thap, lam giau vdn ty nhien trd thanh xu hadng chu dao trong phat trien kinh te ben vOfng; giam phat thai va tang kha nang hap thy khi nha kinh dan trd thanh chl tieu bat budc va quan trpng trong phat trien kinh te - xa hpi".
Ta chien lapc, ndi ham TTX tUng bade da dUdc the che qua cac nghi quyet cua Dang, Qudc hdi cho tdi cac nghj djnh, thdng ta trong nhieu ITnh vUc cu the. Ndi bat trong he thdng cac van ban quy pham
Tai nguyen va Moi Irtfftnn •I'l Kyi -Thdng 3/2020 ' '
phap luat ve TTX la Nghi quyet sd 24-NQ/TW cua Ban chap hanh Trung Udng Dang ve chu dpng Cfng phd vdi BDKH, tang cUdng quan ly tai nguyen va BVMT, vdi nhiem vu trpng tam la thuc day chuyen ddi md hinh tang trudng gan vdi cd cau lai nen kinh te theo hadng TTX va PTBV. Day la Nghj quyet tao tien de eho hang loat nhSng dieu chinh, sisa ddi, bd s_ng mot so luat lien quan tdi TTX, nhU: Luat SCf dung nang lupng tiet kiem va hieu qua; Luat Phdng chdng thien tai;
Luat BVMT; Luat Khi tapng thuy van va nhCfng dieu chinh trong nhieu chien lapc qudc gia, ehUPng trinh qudc gia nham thuc day thuc hien Chien lupc TTX mot each hieu qua.
Thuc tiln then khai thuc hien Chien lupc TTX ddn nay da dat dupe nhieu ket qua tich eye tU xay dyng cd che, chfnh sach den nhan thUc cua cdng dong ve TTX:
Mot la, bade dau hinh thanh he thdng van ban quy pham phap luat eho viec trien khai thyc hien TTX, cu the:
Trong ITnh vye cdng nghiep:
Quy hoach tong the Nganh Dien, eac nha may dien; quy hoach tdng the cac nganh, phSn nganh cdng nghiep, dac biet la nhQng phan nganh va eP sd tae ddng manh tdi mdi trudng nham giam thieu d nhi§m va phat trien nganh ben vOng, sd dung tiet kiem tai nguyen thien nhien, kiem soat d nhilm va quan ly chat thai mot each hieu qua. Dac biet, da xay dung Chien lupc Phat trien Nang lUdng tai tao d Viet Nam den nam 2030 va tam nhin den 2050; xay dang khung phap ly ve sCf dyng nang lUdng tiet kiem va hieu qua trong san xuat va ddi sdng; tieu
Aj Tai nnuyen va Moi trtfcTng ' ^ Ky 1 -Thang 3/2020
chuan hieu suat nang lapng tdi thieu va dan nhan nang lUdng cho cac san pham tU lieu san xuat va thiet bi tieu dung.
Trong ITnh vUe nong nghiep:
Da ban hanh Luat Thuy Ipi, Luat Thuy san, Luat Lam nghiep va eac van ban chl dao, hadng dan va quy djnh tieu chuan
"xanh" eho san xuat nong nghiep, lam nghiep, thuy san da dapc ban hanh, Lfng dyng va mang lai hieu qua thue te cho san xuat, kinh doanh.
Trong ITnh vUc xay dung:
Nganh Xay dyng da ban hanh Ke hoach hanh ddng giam nhe phat thai khf nha kinh trong san xuat xi mang den nam 2020 va djnh hydng den 2030; ChUdng trinh nang cap dd thj qudc gia giai doan 2009 - 2020; Chien lade qudc gia ve quan ly tdng hpp chat thai ran den nam 2025 tam nhin den nam 2050; Ke hoach phat trien dd thi TTX Viet Nam den nam 2030; Quy djnh ve chi tieu xay dang dd thi TTX.
Trong ITnh vye giao thdng van tai: Hadng Ung Chien lupc TTX, cung vdi cae bp, nganh, Bd Giao thdng Van tai da ban hanh Ke hoach hanh dpng giam phat thai khf CO2 trong hoat ddng hang khdng dan dyng Viet Nam giai doan 2016-2020.
Hai la, xay dang ke hoach hanh dpng TTX. Cac hoat ddng hoan thien the che va trien khai thac hien Chien lapc TTX dapc thUe hien thdng qua viec xay dung va ban hanh ke hoach hanh dpng TTX d eac bp va dja phupng. Thdng ke cho thay, den het nam 2019, cd 7 bp da ban hanh Ke hoach hanh ddng TTX. Den nay, ca nude cd 34 tinh, thanh phd tryc thupc Trung Udng xay dung va thuc hien Ke
hoach hanh ddng TTX cap tTnh, thanh phd.
Ba la, thuc hien giam cUdng dd phat thai khi nha kinh va tang t^ le sd dung nang lUdng tai tao.
Cho den nay, viec trien khai cac giai phap giam phat thai khi nha kinh da dUdc trien khai rpng rai trong tat ca eac ITnh vac. Theo Vien Nang lupng (Bd Cdng ThUdng), glai doan 2011 - 2015, ty le nang lapng tiet kiem cua nudc ta dat 5,65%, tUdng dUPng vdi tong nang lupng tiet kiem dape gan 11,3 trieu tan dau quy ddi (TOE). Trong dd, cUdng dd nang lUdng cua cac nganh san xuat cdng nghiep tieu thu nhieu nang lUdng deu giam dan, nha: Nganh Thep giam 8,09%; xi mang giam 6,33%; det spi giam 7,32%.
Bd'n ia, tang cUdng ho^t dpng xanh hda san xua't. Ndi dung cua xanh hda san xuat la thyc hien mot chien lupc "cong nghiep hda sach" thdng qua viec ra seat, dieu chinh nhOng quy hoach nganh hien cd, sCf dyng tiet kiem va hi§u qua tai nguyen, khuyen khfch phat trien cdng nghiep xanh, nong nghiep xanh vdi cd cau nganh nghe, cdng nghe, trang thiet bi dam bao nguyen tac than thien vdi mdi tradng, dau ta phat trien vdn ty nhien, tich eye ngan ngUa va xd ly d nhilm.
Nhieu khd l<han, thach thUc dat ra
Thyc te trien khai TTX v l n cdn bdc Id nhSng han che, bat cap nhu: Tang trudng kinh te cdn daa nhieu vao viec khai thac TNTN, cham chuyen sang phat trien theo chieu sau, tieu hao nguyen lieu, nang lupng cdn Idn;
d nhidm mdi tradng (ONMT) ngay cang trd nen nghiem trpng; dac biet la nhtfng tac dpng tieu euc cua
BDKH. Theo ket qua nghien cUu cho thay; Tdng thiet hai kinh te cua nude ta trong thdi gian qua do ONMT gay ra tdi thieu tU 1,5% - 3%
GDP. Ngoai ra, mdi nam Viet Nam cdn phai chiu thiet hai hdn 780 trieu USD trong cac ITnh vac cham sdc sUc khoe cdng dong vi ONMT. NhOng thach thUc nay do nhieu nguyen nhan:
ThU nhSt, nhan thUc cua mot sd bd, nganh va chfnh quyen dia phadng ve Chien lUdc TTX chUa rd rang. Theo ke't qua khao soat, den dau nam 2019, mdi cd 7 bp, nganh va 34/63 tinh, thanh ban hanh ke hoach thyc hien Chien tape TTX. Dieu dd cho thay, viec cu the hda chien lUdc TTX qudc gia chua phai la mot nhiem vy bat budc can Uu tien thuc hien d bp, nganh va dja phUdng.
ThU hai, cac dy an ma cac bd, nganh, dia phadng da, dang thyc hien lien quan den Chien lupc qud'c gia vd TTX deu dya tren su hd trd ve tai chinh va ky thuat cua cac td chUc qudc te, cac td ChUc phi Chfnh phu, chua xuat phat ta nang lye ndi sinh cua bp, nganh, dia phUdng.
ThU ba, hien nay, cd sy xung dot, trung lap ve muc tieu giOa cac chien lupc: Chien lupc PTBV;
Chien lupc qudc gia ve Ung phd BDKH; Chien lapc TTX.
ThU tu, nguon luc thac hien Chie'n lUdc TTX chUa r5 rang, dac biet trong bdi canh suy giam kinh te va cat giam dau ta cdng.
ThU nam, du viec ap dyng, long ghep Chie'n lupc TTX vao cac ke hoach, chydng trinh phat tnen KT-XH tai dia phUdng da dat dupe mot sd thanh tuu nhat dinh, song nhieu dja phUdng dang ddi mat vdi khdng it thach thUc, do thieu cac nhdm glai phap cu the va chUa that sy
kha thi ddi vdi hoan canh cu the cua dia phUdng.
Giai phap thuc day thUc hien Chien lUdc Tang trudng xanh
De day manh thyc hien Chie'n lUdc TTX, thdi gian tdi can tap trung cac ndi dung sau:
Mot la, hoan thien khung chinh sach, trong dd Uu tien hoan thien va ban hanh bd chi tieu do lUdng TTX cap quoc gia cua Viet Nam. Can bd sung mot so chl tieu TTX vao he thdng chi tieu phat then KT-XH. Chuan bj san sang de hoan thien va ap dyng bd chl tieu TTX vao xay dung ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi 5 nam (2021-2025).
Hai la, hoan thien khung chfnh sach tai chfnh TTX. Xay dyng khung chfnh sach phan bo va quan ly ngan sach qudc gia phyc vu thyc hien Chien lupc TTX. Ben canh dd, hoan thien khung chfnh sach tai chfnh (thue, phf, trp gia, cac quy, che tai, cac tieu chl xanh, PTBV vdi doanh nghiep niem yet tren san chUng khoan) lien quan tdi thuc day thUc hien Chie'n lupc TTX; xay dyng cd che hd trd tu nhan chuan bj va thuc hien du an TTX.
Ba ia, nghien cUu ban hanh cac djnh mUc, tieu chuan, hadng d i n ky thuat xanh. Cung vdi dd, cac nganh va dja phUdng tie'p tuc xay dyng Id trinh cu the cac hoat dpng TTX va trien khai thuc hien, nham hoan thanh nhQng muc tieu de ra vao nam 2020; nang cao nhan thUc ve TTX cho cac ca'p lanh dao d cac cd quan quan ly Nha nudc, cac nganh, dja phUdng va khu vye doanh nghiep.
ThU tu thu hut sy tham gia cua khu vye tu nhan, ngudn dau ta nha nUde va ODA se la chat xuc tac de thu hut, hinh thanh mdi trUdng thuan Idi cho khu vUc tU
nhan tham gia dau tu vao ITnh vye BDKH, TTX. (dydi hinh thUc chuyen ddi cdng nghe, dy an thf diem, nghien cUu dien hinh); gidi thieu cac md hinh hpp tac cdng ta (PPP) trong ITnh vUc xay dung ket eau ha tang, san xua't dien.
ThU nam, nhQng hoat ddng thupc Ke hoach Hanh ddng ve TTX can dUpe trien khai dong bp va phu hpp vdi cac noi dung ve:
Nang cao nhan thUc; hoan thien the ehe; thay doi cd cau kinh te nganh, dja phUdng va doanh nghiep va ddi mdi cdng nghe.
ThU sau, day manh tuyen truydn, nang cao hieu suat sCf dyng nang lypng; giam tieu hao nang lUpng trong san xua't, van tai, thUdng mai; tUng bade thay ddi cd cau nhien lieu trong san xuat cdng nghiep va giao thdng, nha: SCf dung ngudn nang lUdng mdi, sach, tai tao, ft phat thai khf nha kfnh; giam phat thai khf nha kinh thdng qua phat trien ndng nghiep hUu cd ben vUng bang each chuyen djch cd cau vat nudi, cay trdng; tai sCf dung phy pham ndng nghiep.
Vdi nd lye, quyet tam cua ca he thdng chi'nh tri, vdi dinh hudng trien khai thyc hien cd chu dfeh rd rang, TTX cua Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi chac ehSn se tiep tuc ddng gdp tfch eye vao cdng cupc tai cau true nen kinh te va chuyen ddi md hinh tang trUdng. Trong bdi canh cua cupc Cach mang Cdng nghiep 4.0 vdi tam anh hudng tdi mpi mat cua ddi sdng, TTX tiep tuc vUa la myc tieu, vUa la phUdng phap tiep can de tan dung triet de cac hieu Ung tfch cue, gdp phan tao nen nhC^ng dot pha trong viec trien khai thue hien thanh cdng myc tieu phat trien nhanh va ben vUng dat nUdc.B Tai npuyen va Moi litfiTng iio
Ky 1 - Thang 3/2020
