ThUc trang 6 nhiem am thanh
tai cac irifolng trung hpc phd thong tren dja ban Ha Npi
Hoang Gia Trang
TrUdng Dai htjc Giao dgc - Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Ni 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam Email' hoanggiatrang@vru edu vn
TOM TAT: Nghien cdu d nhiSm am thanh dUdc thUc hien trdn 120 trdOng trung hgc pho thong tai Ha Ngi. Kit qui nghien cdu cho thiy, phin Idn cac trudng trung hoc phd thdng d dia ban ngi thanh deu chiu tic dgng ctJa 6 nhiem im thanh vdl cac mdc dd khic nhau. Hai quan cd mdc do d nhiem im thanh cao la Hoin Kiim vi Ciu Giiy. Qua quan sat, tic nhin gay nen 6 nhiim im thanh la do phdOng tien giao thong dda lai. Ngoii ra, con co tic nhin do sinh boat cua din cu sdng quanh trUdng, do cdng trinh xiy dung giy nen. Nghien cdu cung dua ra mgt sd de xuit nham lam giim tieng on cho trudng hgc.
lii KHOA: Trifolng Irung hgc ptio thong; tilng on; fi nhiem dm thanh.
-> Nhgn bai 13/8/2019 ^ Ntian ket qua phan bi^n va chlnh siia 20/9/2019 -» Duyet dang 25/10/2019.
1 . Dat van de
Cac nghien ctru tren the gicri chi ra rang, neu tieng on vuot qua muc do cho phep se anh hucrng den tu duy va hgc tap cua hoc sinh (HS) cung nhu cac hoat dpng cua truong hpc. Dieu nay anh huong khong nho den hieu qua hoat dpng hpc tap Clia cac em HS. Tren dia ban Ha Noi, khong it tnrang hgc dupc xay dung canh ducmg co nhieu phuong tien giao thong hcac co hang quan, dich vu, co so san xuat xung quanh da anh huong den moi truong hgc tap vit day hpc Clia ca giao vien va HS. Theo tim hieu ciia chiing toi, vang bong cac nghien cuu ve 6 nhiem am thanh doi vcri cac trudng hpc. Tir thuc te do, chiing toi tien hanh phan tich
"Thuc trang 6 nhiem dm thanh tgi cdc truang trung hgc phd thdng thdnh phd Hd Ndi" nham phat hien cac truong hgc dang diing truac nguy co 6 nhiem am thanh anh huong den qua trinh hgc tap ciia HS va cijng nhu cac hoat dong giao due khac cua nha trucmg.Tir do, dua ra mgt so de xuat nham han che tinh trang 6 nhiem am thanh lam anh hucmg hoat dpng day - hpc ciia thay va tro. Nghien cuu ndy dugc tdi trg b&i Tru&ng Dgi hgc Gido due trong di tdi md so QS.18J0.
2. N p i d u n g n g h i § n dJTu 2 . 1 . lUlotso khai niem 2 . 1 , 1 . 0 nhiim am thanh
Co nhiing each hieu khac nhau ve 6 nhiem am thanh, tac gia Pham Tien Sy (2014) cho rang, tieng on la am thanh khong CO gia tri, khong phii hgp vai mong muon, nhu cau Clia nguoi nghe. Nhu vay, am thanh se tra thanh tieng on anh huong tieu cue den nguai khac khi khong dap img nhu cau Clia hg.
6 nhilm am thanh la nhirng nhieu loan khong mong mu6n CO trong day tan nghe duac, la mgt lop cac am khong CO tkn s6 xae djnh nhung nam trong pho tSn s6 nghe dugc.
D6i voi cac hoat dgng hang ngay, tigng 6n dupc xem la nhung nhilu loan khong mong muon cua mot am nao do
hay la su ket hgp ciia nhieu am co cuong do thay doi chen vao thai diem con nguoi suy nghi hay lam viec.Trong bai viet nay, khai niem "O nhiem dm thanh " dugc hieu la su xudt Men edc dm thanh khdng mong mudn v&i cu&ng do lan vd diin ra trong thdi gian ddi, gdy dnh hu&ng ve sue khoe thi chdt vd tdm li cho con nguai vd ldm gidm hieu qud hogt dgng eua cd nhdn. Dan vi tinh miic dg am thanh thucmg dung la dexibell (dB).
2.1.2.0 nhilm am thanh hoc diidng
Tieng on gay ra nhu-ng anh huong tieu cue ve tam sinh li cho nguai nghe. Neu chiing ta phai chju tieng on trong thoi gian dai lien tuc se lam giam kha nang nghe, gay phien phirc, lam tang stress, tang huyet ap... Doi vai HS, se tao nen su cang thang, giam tap trung chu y va anh huang tieu cyc den hoat dpng tu duy. Vi vay, 6 nhiem am thanh doi voi truang hpc dugc hieu la nhiJng am thanh xuat phat tfr ben ngoai va ben trong truong hpc tac dgng tieu cyc len siic khoe the chat va tam li ciia giao vien va HS, anh huong den hoat dgng day va hgc cr nha truong.
2.1.3. Tieu chuan xae dmh mifc do 6 nhiim am thanh
Viec danh gia miic dp 6 nhiSm am thanh o cac truang hgc dya tren quy dinh ciia Bg Tai Nguyen va Moi trudng. Bo Y te da dugc quy dinh trong cac thong tu. Gioi han t6i da cho phep ve uang on moi truang (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT) nhu sau (xem Bang 1):
Bang 1 : Gidi han cho phep ve tieng on moi tri/dng
Khu vi/c dac biet 55 Khu vuc thong UiUilng 70
94 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUG VIET NAM
Hodng Gia Trang
Khu v(fc Ogc bi$t: La nhUng khu vyc trong hang rao cila cac CO so y tS, thu vien, nha tre, truang hoc, nha tha, dinh, chiia va cac khu 'vyc co quy dmh dac biet khac.
Khu vuc thong thu&ng: Gom: Khu chung cu, cac nha 0 rieng le nSm each biet hoae liln ke, khach san, co quan hanh chinh.
Theo Thong tu s6 39/2010/TT-BTNMT ngay 16 thang 12 nam 2010 ctia Bo Tai nguyen va Moi truang ve "Quy dinh chudn kT thugt qudc gia vi mdi trudng", doi vai khu vyc dac biet (la nhiing khu vuc trong hang rao ciia cac ca sa y tk, thu vien, nha tre, truang hgc...) quy dinh gioi ban tieng on khong dugc vugt qua 55dB trong khoang thai gian tir 6 gio - 21gid moi ngay. Day chinh la khoang thai gian dien ra hoat dpng day va hgc a cac nha truang. Tir 21 gia den 6 gia sang hom sau, tieng on khong dugc 'vugt qua 45dB.
Tuang ty. Thong tu s6 24/20i6/TT-BYT ngay 30 thang 6 nam 2016 ciia Bg Y te "Quy dinh quy ehuan kT thudt qudc gia ve tieng dn - mirc tiip xiic cho phep tieng dn tgi noi ldm viec" da chi r6 gi6i han cho phep miic ap suat am tai cac phong lao dgng tri 6c, nghien ciiu thiet ke, thong ke, lip chirong trinh may tinh, phong thi nghiem li thuyet va xii li so lieu thyc nghiem khong vugt qua 55dB de dam bao hieu qua hoat dgng.
Nhu vay, hoat dgng day va hgc thugc lao dpng tri 6c va CO mirc quy dinh khong vugt qua 55dB theo quy dinh ciia Bg Y te, Bg Tai nguyen va Moi truong trong khoang thai gian tir 6 gia den 21 gia moi ngay. Day la can cii de phan tich, danh gia anh huang ciia thuc trang miic dp am thanh doi vai cac truong trung hgc pho thong (THPT) tren dia ban thanh pho Ha Ngi.
2.2. ThiTc trang o nhiem am thanh oi cac trudng trung hqc pho thong tren dia ban thanh pho Ha Noi
2.2.1. Kliai quat ve ^ a ban khao sat
Ha Ngi co 29 quan/huyen/thj xa, trong do, co 12 quan, 1 thi xa va 16 huyen vol khoang 295 trucmg THPT va Trung tam Giao due thuang xuyen tren toan thanh pho. Ngliien ciiu nay dugc tien hanh tren dia ban ca ngi va ngoai thanh ciia thanh pho Ha Ngi. Trong d6, cac quan ngi thanh dugc tien hanh do muc do 6 nhiem am thanh ca trong lop va ngoai lop gom: 1/ Ba Dinh (BD), 2/ Hoan Kigm (HK), 3/
c k Giiy (CG), 4/ Dong Da (DD), 5/ Thanh Xuan (TX), 6/ Hai Ba Trung (HBT), 7/ Tay H6 (TH), 8/ Bkc Tii Liem (B^c TL); 9/ Hoang Mai (HM); 10/ Nam Tir Liem (Nam TL). Ngoai ra, de tai con tien hanh do miic dg 6 nhiem am thanh tai cong truang hgc ctia cac quan/huyen khac va thi xa thugc Ha Ngi.
Trong nghien cim ban dau nay, t6ng so truong THPT dugc do xae dinh tinh trang 6 nhilm am thanh la 120 tniong THPT thugc cac quan/huyen/thi xa tren dia ban thanh ph6 Ha Ngi, trong do, co 90 truong THPT ngi thanh va 30 truang THPT ngoai thanh. Tho'i gian do dugc ti6n hanh vao liic diln ra gia hgc de tir d6 xae dinh tac dgng Clia 6 nhilm am thanh den hoat dgng day va hgc. Dilm do dugc tien hanh a trong lop, ngoai hanh lang va ngoai cong tnrcmg hoc. Tir do, ket qua nghien ciiu cho phep chung ta
CO the xem anh huomg cua am thanh dkn truang hgc nhu the nao?
2.2.2. Ket qua do li/dng 6 nhiem am thanh tai cac tri/tfng Irung hgc pho thong
a. Mirc dd d nhiem dm thanh tgi cdng tru&ng - Ddi vai cde trudng thudc ndi thdnh Hd Ndi: Bk danh gia thyc trang anh huong ciia van de 6 nhilm am thanh d6i voi cac trudng THPT thugc cac quan a Ha Ngi, dk tai da tiln hanh khao sat tai clng truomg hgc. Kit qua dugc thi hien trong Bieu dl 1.
Bliu do J: Mue do d nhiem dm thanh tgi cdng truang THPT
& ndi thdnh
Ket qua do dac am thanh cho thay, phan lan cac truong deu CO miic am thanh vugt tieu chuan cho phep 55dB. Mot so it truong THPT co am thanh do dugc a cong truong duod quy djnh. Day la truong nam trong ngo hoae trong cac con pho nho, each duong giao thong chinh nen sy tac dgng cua phuang tien di iai han che han. Con iai hau bet cac truong deu lien ke vol true duang giao thong nen chiu anh huong bai tieng on do cac phuang tien, cua hang quan, sieu thi, tieng n6i ciia mgi nguai xung quanh. Nhieu truang co miic do am thanh do dugc tren 80dB, tiic vugt khoang 1,3 lan quy dinh.
O nhilm am thanh vai miic do cao dien ra a cac truong THPT thugc quan Hoan Kiem va Ciu Gidy vai miic do dugc trung binh tuang iing ta 84.2dB va 84.81dB. Day la hai quan CO mat do dan cu, phuang tien di lai nhieu va thuong xuyen.
Ngoai ra, quan CSu Gi&y con co nhilu cong trinh dang xay dyng, he th6ng sieu thi, ctia hang... Cac truong thugc khu vyc nay ciing thuang hen ke voi duong giao thong nen chiu tac dgng ciia 6 nhilm am thanh Ion hon. Cac quan khac co miic am thanh vugt qua 70dB tai thai diem do gom: Thanh Xuan, Long Bien, Ha Dong. Nghien ciiu nay cua chiing toi cung cho kit qua tuang dong vai mgt nghien cim khac cua tac gia Pham Tiln Sy (2014) vl '"Xdy dung bdn do d nhiim tieng in do hogt dgng giao thong du&ng bg tgi mdt sd true giao thdng trgng yiu cua thdnh phd Hd Ngi" da dua ra ket luan: "Hien nay, miic on tren cac tuyen giao thong trgng ylu Clia Ha Ngi dlu vugt mirc cho phep 70dB". O nhilm am thanh tir cac phuang tien giao thong dugc coi la nguyen nhan chinh din den tilng 6n 6 Ha Npi. Nhimg am thanh do tac dgng din moi truong hgc duang a cac miic do khac
So 22 thang 10/2019 95
nhau. Neu tinh trang 6 nhiem am thanh dien ra vai cucmg do Ion va keo dai se tac dgng tieu cue den boat dgng hgc tap ciia HS.
Mgt so quan xa trung tam hoae cac truong hgc nam tren cac pho nho hoae trong ngo nen mirc do am thanh do dugc a cac cong trudng duai mirc VOdB gom Bac Tir Liera, Nam Tir Liem, Tay Ho, Dong Ba, Hoang Mai, Hai Ba Trung.
Ngoai ra, mat do giao thong d cac diem truong thugc cac quan tren se han che hon nen tac dpng den tnidng hgc d miie dp thap bon so vdi cac quan trung tam hoae nai dang diln ra qua trinh do thi boa manh me, co nhieu cdng trinh xay dyng nhu Cau Giay.
- Ddi vai cdc tnrang thugc ngogi thdnh Hd Ngi: Doi vai cac trudng THPT thuoc ngoai thanh thanh phd Ha Ngi, muc dg 6 nhilm am thanh thap ban so vdi cac trudng ngi tha- nh. Qua s6 lieu thu dugc ve miic do am thanh cho thay, sl trudng c6 mirc am thanh vugt qua tieu chuan cho phep khong nhieu. Tham chi, co trudng cdn co miic do am thanh tai thdi dilm do la dudi 55dB nhu mgt sd trudng THPT ciia huyen Thaeh Thdt va Dong Anh. Mgt dac diem chung nhan thiy d cac huyen ngoai thanh la mat do cac phuang tien giao thong di lai khong nhieu nhu d cac quan ngi thanh.
Han nua, khoang each khong gian giua trudng hgc va cac khu din cu, cac ca quan, cong sd, hang quan la kha ldn nen cung chiu su tac dpng ciia 6 nhiem am thanh it hon.
C6 nhiing trudng d sau trong ngo nhu THPT thi tran DA, THPT ADV, THPT NQ (huyen Dong Anh) nen miic dp am thanh do dugc tai thdi diem khao sat cdn d dudi miic 55dB;
mgt so trudng khac eo khong gian rgng, nhieu cay xanh cung c6 miic do am thanh duai tieu chuan quy dinh (xem Bilu d l 2).
dl xem xet anh hudng din hoat dgng hgc tap ra sao. e q cho thay nhu sau;
Qua danh gia ban dku cho thiy, d ben ngoai ph6ng_ hgc hku hit eae trudng THPT n6i thanh dugc khao sat deu c6 mtic am thanh vugt qua tieu ehuin cho phep tir khoang 1 OdB din 25dB tai thdi dilm do. Nhu vay, muc do am thanh vugt qua quy dinh khong chi dien ra ngoai clng tmdng ma con xudt hien d ca phia trong trudng hgc. Vai miic do am thanh the hien trong bilu dl neu tren, chdc chin se anh hudng den hgc tap cua HS va viec giang day cua giao vien. Cac q u ^ CO mirc dg am thanh tren 70dB gIm Thanh Xuan, Cau Giay, Ddng Da, Hoan Kilm, Ba Dinh (xem Bilu do 3). Dieu do cho thdy ring, vdn dl 6 nhilm am thanh cln dugc quan tam diing miic ddi vdi cac trudng thugc cac quan ngi thanh, nai CO mat do dan cu ddng diic va phuang tien giao thdng ach tdc ngay cang phd bien.
Bieu do 2: Mirc do d nhiem dm thanh tai cdng tru&ng THPT
& cdc huyen
Qua quan sat, ngoai khong gian xung quanh trudng rgng r5i, mat do cac nha dan hoae hang quan quanh trudng han chl, chimg toi cdn nhan thay cac trudng co he thong cay xanh ciing la ylu td gdp phdn vao viec han che tac dgng tilng In tir ben ngoai dua lai. Ngoai ra, he thing tudng bao quanh trudng hgc cting gdp phdn lam giam tieng dn tir ben ngoai tac dgng vao trudng hgc.
- Mirc do am thanh ben ngodi phdng hgc: Ngoai viec tim hilu miie do 6 nhilm am thanh tai cong trudng hgc, chiing tdi cdn tim hilu miic do am thanh ben ngoai cac phdng hgc.
ieu do 3: Miee do d nhiim dm thanh ben ngodi phdng hoc - Mirc dd d nhiim dm thanh ben trong cdc l&p hoe: Van de 6 nhiem am thanli trudng hgc, cu the la d ldp hgc dugc dac biet quan tam. Bdi le, trong ldp hgc dien ra hoat dpng nhan thiic ciia HS va truyen dat kien thiic cua giao vien, Neu tieng dn qua Ion se anh hudng den qua trinh tu duy Clia cac em, lam met moi, dau dau va cang thang than kinh.
Trudc khi tien hanh do miic do am thanh, chiing tdi d6ng Clia so, Clia di cac ldp hgc d8 giam am thanh tac dgng tir ben ngoai vao. Mgi hoat dgng trong ldp duac yeu cau dien ra binh thudng de dam bao tinh khach quan. KSt qua do ludng mirc do am thanh d lap hgc tai cac trudng cho thdy, da so cd mirc do am thanh trong ldp Idn han quy chudn cho phep (xem Bieu do 4) tOr tren 60dB din gdn 80dB. Tire la vugt ngudng cho phep khoang 25dB, Chi c6 mgt s6 it tdp hgc d cae trudng c6 mirc dp am thanh xoay quanh ngudng quy dmh thugc qu|n Tay Hd, Bdc Tir Liem. Trong khi dd, quan Hoan KiSm van dat nguong d nhilm am thanh cao nhdt tai thdi diem do. 6 nhiem am thanh d cac ldp hgc do tii ben ngoai tac dgng vao va tir ngay chinh trong ldp hpc khi giao vien giang bai va HS trao dli, ndi chuyen, lam viec rieng...
cung lam tang miic do am thanh trong ldp. Nlu am thanh qua to thi cd the tao su met mdi cho HS hoae lam giam sy nhay cam ciia co quan thinh giac,_^giam sy tap trung chu y d cac em ddi vdi bai hgc, Tii do dan din kit qua hoc ta h'
anh huong tieu eye. '
M^P CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Hoing Gia Trang
Biiu dd 4: Miee do d nhiem dm thanh tgi ldp hgc cdc truang noi thdnh
b. Ngudn gdy d nhiim dm thanh
Cic ngudn gay tieng dn cho trudng hpc gdm: Ben trong nha tru&ng vd ben ngodi Iru&ng hgc.
* Cdc yiu td bin ngodi tru&ng hgc nhu cae phuong tien giao thong 6 to, xe may di lai, tieng cdi xe, am thanh tir cac hg gia dmh, hang quan, sieu thi, cong trudng xay dimg ... quanh trudng hpc. Vi du: 0 khu vuc Cau Giay, Trudng THPT NTT tuy ndm d vj tri each dudng giao thong Xuan Thiiy khoang 50-70m, nhung mat do xe phuang tien di lai dong, la true dudng chinh va cd nhieu ciia hang, sieu thi, dilm dl xe bus, khu thucmg mai... Theo cd giao hieu trudng Th.A, nha trudng da phai mot vai ldn sang dl nghi mgt sieu thi han ehe am thanh vi cac loa cdng suat ldn trong hoat dgng quang cao, khuyen mai da anh hudng den nha trudng.
Mgt sd trudng hgc khac nhu Tnidng THPT NBK tren dudng Tran Quoc Hoan, miic dp am thanh do dugc d cdng tnrdng la tren 80dB, con d trong ldp hgc va hanh lang deu vugt miic 64dB. Vdi cudng dp am thanh ldn nhu vay se cd tac dgng khong nho dSn su tap trung chii y ciia HS trong hoat dgng hgc tap va cac hoat dgng khac ciia nha trudng, Trao doi vdi nhom nghien ciiu, mot giao vien cho biet, HS va giao vien phai thich img vi xe di lai suot ngay gay tieng on. Cac ldp hgc deu ddng ciia khi dien ra hoat dpng day va hgc. Tuy nhien, ehung toi thay khd chiu khi cac am thanh tir phuang tien giao thdng di lai lien tuc tac dgng den cac lap ngay sat dudng,
Co trudng hge bi anh hudng bdi cong trinh xay dyng do Ha Noi dang dugc xem la "dai cdng trudng" vai hang loat khu chung cu, cong sd, tuySn dudng mdi md, nha dan xay dirag, Nhiing am thanh tir viec khoan, pha be tong, cac thiet bl xay dyng... ciing co anh hudng khdng nho den viec day, hgc cua giao vien va HS tai cac trudng hgc nhu Trudng THPT XB, THPT BM. Khi chiing toi tiln hanh do am thanh Cling cam thay khd chiu vi tieng In tit cac thilt bi xay dung taora.
Mgt dac diem niia ctia cac trudng THPT d Ha Ngi la dugc xay dyng gdn cac true dudng giao thdng nen bi anh hudng nhieu do cac phuang tien di lai. Rdt nhilu trudng trong s6 cac trudng dugc dl tai khao sat dugc xay dung sat ngay
dudng CO nhieu phuang tien xe may, 6 to qua lai thudng xuyen. Day la mgt trong nhfing nguyen nhan chinh gay ra tieng dn am thanh doi vdl tnidng hgc.
* Cdc yiu Id bin trong trudng hgc, dd la tieng In do HS va cac chil the d trudng hpc gay ra. Vi du nhu su vui diia cua HS, am thanh phat ra tir eae hoat dpng cua nha trudng, tieng ndi chuyen cua HS, tieng di lai ciia mpi ngudi, nghe dien thoai, cac nhan vien nha trudng trao ddi, noi chuyen...
Thuc te, mdt so trudng khong c6 nha da nang hoae khu the thao rieng nen khi den gid the due, the thao, boat dpng ngoai gid ciia cac ldp da lam anh hudng den hgc tap cua HS trong cac ldp khac. Hoae cac boat dgng van hda, van nghe cua mdt so ldp cung lam phan tan su tap trung chu y cua HS bdi am thanh phat ra qua ldn hoae bat ngd thu hiit sy chii y ciia HS.
Ngoai nhirng yeu to neu tren, am thanh trong ldp hgc con xuat phat tir viec giao vien sii dyng micro ciing lam anh hudng den ldp ben canh. Khi do am thanh cho thay, mue do am thanh trong mot so phdng hgc Ion han so vdi ngoai hanh lang. Do dieu kien ca sd vat chat eiia hau hSt cac trudng cdng lap cdn ban chS va do thdi tiet ndng nen chiing toi nhan thay, cac ldp hgc deu md cua so, ciia di nen khd han che dugc am thanh tir ben ngoai tac ddng vao,
c. Hgu qud cua d nhiim dm thanh
Trong nghien ciru nay, nhom de tai ehua co dieu kien di sau vao phan tich cac anh hudng ciia 6 nhiem am thanh den hoat dgng day va hgc d trudng hoc. Tuy nhien, qua danh gia ban dau va phan tich cac nghien ciiu quoc te, 6 nhiem am thanh vdi cudng dp ldn se gay ra sy mdt tap trung d HS va anh hudng din hoat ddng giang day cua giao vien. Neu am thanh gay ra dot ngpt va cudng do ldn thi se tao ra phan xa chu y d HS va lam sao nhang trong hgc tap,Thea Hgi phdng chdng tilng dn va diic thi gidi, trong dieu kien doi vdi cac trudng hgc, nguong tieng In cd anh hudng nhu sau:
- Tilng In dudi muc 50 dB dam bao cho hpc tap, tilp thu tit.
- Tieng In 70 dB anh hudng din tu duy, hpc tap.
- Tilng In tren 80 dB (nghe tilng noi thudng each xa Im khdng ro) se gay nghe kem, diic neu tiep xiic hang ngay.
Tilng dn qua miic lam cho con ngudi cam thay khdng thoai mai, luon bye tiic, kho chiu. Nlu miic on tren 80dB lam cho con ngudi dl bi kich thich, suy nhugc, mat ngii.
Doi vdi hoat dgng tri 6c se lam con ngudi kho tap trung.
Trao ddi vl tac ddng ciia tilng dn am thanh, mgt nu giao vien d Trudng THPT NTMK cho bill, nhilu khi giang bai Cling bi anh hudng bdi tilng am thanh tir ben ngoai dua vao. Chung tdi cung hoi HS tai trudng nay tbi dugc bilt am thanh cung cd nhirag tac dgng din su tap trung chii y ciia em trong hgc tap.
Tuong ty, khi trao ddi vl anh hudng cua 6 nhiem am thanh, co Phan Thi L (Tnrdng THPT TN, quan Ba Dinh) da cho bilt, do la trudng lien cdp nen gid ra choi va cac hoat dgng tap thi ciia cac cdp hgc khac nhau nen tao nen su on ao va kho tap trung cho HS. Dac biet la cdp Tieu hgc, thdi gian vao Idp muon han va tilt hgc ngan hon nen khi HS ra
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chai thudng nd diia hoae cac hoat ddng tap the ciia cdp T i l u hgc da gay tieng dn cho cac lap ctia cap THPT.
2.3. Mpt so 6e xuat han che 6 n h i i m am thanh d trifdng hpc Tinh trang d nhiem am thanh ddi vdi cac trudng hgc se ngay cang nhieu hem, nhat la cac trudng hgc d npi thanh Ha Ndi. De han che anh hudng ciia am thanh doi vdi boat dpng day va hpc d eae nha trudng, chiing tdi dua ra mpt sd de xuat nhu sau:
- Nang cao nhan thiic ve tac hai cua am thanh qua ldn den tam sinh li ciia HS va giao vien cung nhu qua trinh tu duy Clia H S . Tir do xay dyng van hda "di nhe, noi k h e " d trudng hpc nham han ehe ngudn gay am thanh d nha trudng.
- Ddng cira di va cira sd cac phong hpc de han che cac am thanh tir ben ngoai tac dgng tao sy phan tan chii y d HS, Ngoai ra, cd the trang bi he thdng rem cira cung co tac dgng den viec giam am thanh, vira trang tri, tranh sy phan tan cua HS,
- Sir dung vat heu co tinh each am doi vdi cua sd, cua di khi tien hanh thay the hoae xay dung mdi d cac trudng hgc.
- Trdng cdy xanh d trudng hgc nhieu hon vira giiip dieu hda khdng khi, vira giiip han che d nhiem am thanh. Cac tudng xung quanh trudng hgc ean xay dung cao de phan tan sy tac dgng ciia am thanh.
- Cac nha de xe ciia HS va giao vien nen dat gan cdng ra vao Clia trudng. C a m khdng dugc di xe trong san trudng.
- T l chirc cac hoat ddng giao due, van hoa. van nghg a mpt khu each xa phong hgc nlu khong cd phong da nang trong cac truong hpc. ^ ,
- Ldp dat biln bao giao thdng han che t i c do va cam sit dung cdi khi di qua khu vyc trudng hgc. Tai cac diem xung quanh trudng hgc, qua quan sat thdy it bien bao han che toe do va edm su dung cdi xe nen cae phucmg tien se thieu chd y trong viec giam t i c do va han c h l hoae khong su dung cdi xe khi luu thdng qua khu vuc nay. Phm hgp vdi chinh quyen dja phuong dk han c h l n g u i n 6 nhiem am thanh tir cac nha hang, sieu thi, hoae cac hoat dgng sinh boat ciia ngudi dan xung quanh trudng hgc.
3. Ket luan
Cac trudng THPT d ngi thanh Ha Ndi d l u chiu anh hudng Clia d nhiem am thanh vdi cac miic dp khac nhau. Trong do, nhin chung am thanh do dupe d cdng trudng ldn hon so vdi d san trudng, hanh lang va trong ldp hgc, Cac ttitdng THPT ngoai thanh Ha Ndi chiu anh hudng ctia d nhiem am thanh thap hon so vdi eae trudng npi thanh. Can tien hanh cac nghien ciiu chuyen sau hem ve thyc trang d nhiem am thanh d cac cap hgc Tieu hgc va Trung hgc c a sd. Ddng thdi, nghien ciiu nhimg tae hai eua d nhiem am thanh doi vdi siic khoe eon ngudi den qua trinh tap trung, chii y, tu duy ciia HS trong hoat dgng hgc tap cua HS va day hgc ciia giao vien.
Tai li?u tham Ithao
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[2] Bg Tai nguyen va Moi trudng, (2010), Quy chudn kT thugt guoc gia ve tieng on.
[3] Buchari - Nazaruddin Matondang, (2017), Tdc dgng ciia tieng on doi v&i hoai dgng hgc lap cila hgc sinh Iru&ng tiiu hoc & Medan, AIP Conference Proceedings 1855, 040002 (2017), doi; 10 1063/1.4985498.
[4] Sayadi MH - Movafagh A - Kargar R - Movafagh Kh, (2018), Ddnh gid 6 nhiim dm thanh & cdc tru&ng hoc & thdnh pho Birjand vd cdc gidi phdp hdnh chinh.
Downloaded from j che.rums, ac.ir at 10.44 +0330 on Friday October 5th 2018, DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.
johe 1.3.132
[5] Trinh Thi Giao Chi - Nguyen Thi Ngoc Ha, (2012), Ddnh gid tdc dgng eua tiing on tir hogt dgng giao thong duang bg den ngu&i ddn song ven mot so tuyin du&ng & phia Nam, Thdnh pho Hui, Tap chi Khoa hgc, Dai hgc Hue, tap 73, s l 4.
[6] Nguyen Xuan Cudng, (2012), Bdi gidng: O nhiem tieng on vd Kiem sodt, Dai hoc Hue,
[7] Pham Tien Sy, (2014), Xdy dung bdn do 6 nhiim tiing on do hogt dgng giao thong du&ng bg Igi mgt so true giao thong trgng yiu cua Thdnh pho Hd Ngi, Luan van Thae sT Khoa hgc Moi tnidng.
[8] Nguygn Thj Phuang Thao, (2007), Khdo sdt vd ddnh gid 6 nhiem tiing on tgi cdc luyen du&ng bg chinh ciia qudn 7, Bao cao De tai Dai hoc Khoa hoc Ty nhien - Dai hpc QuIc gia Thanh p h i Hd Chi Minh.
CURRENT STATUS OF NOISE POLLUTION IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN HANOI
Hoang Gia Trang VNU University ot Education, Vietnam Nationai University, Hanoi 144 Xuan Thjy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Email, hoanggiatrangiffivnj.edu vn
ABSTRACT: The study was conducted on 120 high schools in Hanoi The research results show that the majority of high schools in urban areas are affected by noise pollution at different levels. Hoan Kiem and Cau Giay are two districts which are seriously affected by noise pollution. The main reason caused the noise is transportation. In addition, there are some other f caused by construction works or the activities of people living aro ^d 'th schools. Finally, the authors give some recommendations to reduce th" ' ^ Infliianfac n n cr^hnnlr- " nOISy influences on schools.
KEYWORDS: High school; noise; noise pollution.
98 TAP CHi KHOA HQC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
