PHAP LUAT & DOANH NGHIEP
Khde phuc
nHHPSIEU
can thiet
Gia Hiing
Tinh hinh thUc te phdt sinh
Hi^n tai, Vi^t Nam d i thflc bidn cie chflpng trinh cit giim thud theo y6u ciu eua To chflc Thflpng mai thd gidi (WTO), thflc hien tfl do hda thfldng mai v i dau td vio APEC ddn nim 2020. Ngay sau khi chfnh thflc gia nhap WTO, nfldc ta d i chu dpng cit giim cie ddng thud theo dung cam kdt. Tfl 1/1/2008, theo cam kdt vdi WTO, se cd khoing 1.700 ddng thud dupe cit giim, vdi mfle giim phd bidn tfl 1 - 6%, mfle giim niy khdng chenh lech qua Idn so vdi sic thud hien hinh. Tfl nim 2009 se tidp tgc giim khoing 2.000 ddng thud cua hdn 20 nhdm hang vdi mfle tdi da khoing 2%. Trong nhflng nam tdi, thflc hien cic cam kti vdi WTO Viet Nam tidp tgc ell giim thud suit nhidu hdn ddi vdi hing nghin ddng thud, khdng chi cd thd m i thflc hien ell giim thud quan v i hing rio phi thud quan theo nhflhg cam kii song phfldng v i khu vflC.
TalSc nhflng con sd i n tudng tfl viec d l gilm cic ddng thud nhip khau nhilu mil hing theo Iti trinh, d i cd nhilu y kidn eho ring s() ihu ngin s.T( h Nha nudc (NSNN) se giim manh do d l giim thud quan. Thd nhflhg, tren thflt id tdng sd thu NSNN tfl dai nim ddn nay vin tang. Nguyen nhan cua sd ihu NSNN ting manh trong lhdi gian tjua, do h i ^ tupng nhip Mtti gia ling nhanh chdng tfl khi \\ii Nam trd
[ Qua trinh thUc M e n cac hiej:^
dinh thUdng mai song phuong^^
khu v\lc va da phiidng (trong do CO WTO) thi viec giim thue suat ngay cang sau rong doi vdi hang nhap khau la mot tat yeu khach quan. Viec cAt gi^m cac dong thue suat nay trong thdi gian j gan day ciia niidc ta la mot trong nhiing nguyen nhan dan den hien u tiidng nhap khau tang cao, d a B dSn den nhap sieu ldn de doa can doi nen kinh te vi mo, lam tang ty gia ngoai hoi va con tac dong den lam phat cao d trong niidc.
Vi vay, viec trien khai mot s6 mot so gi^i phap qu^n ly nh^p khau mdi phu hdp vdi quy dinh
ciia WTO la het sxlc can t h i e t .
1
Anh minh hoa
thinh thanh vien chinh thflc eua WTO.
Nam 2008 mdi qua 6 thing, nhap khau d i len ddn 45,5 ty USD, ting tdi 64% so vdi eung ky nim tiude, Idn hdn mfle nhap khau trong el nim tfl nam 2005 trd ve trodc. Do nhip khau cao hon xuii khau nen nhip sieu nhflng nim gan diy ting manh: neu nam 2000 mdi cd 1.153,8 trieu USD, bing 8%
tdng kim ngach xuii khau v i liing 3,7",, CDP thi nim 21X)7 d i len den 14.120,8 trieu USD, bing 2'),1"„ tdng kim ngach xuai khau va bang 1'),«"„ CDP. Nim 2008 mdi qua 6
thing, nhip sieu da len 14,7 ty USD, cao gi'p 3,7 lin cung ky nim t r i f t (bing 4 i'", tdng kim ngach xuat khau, cao hdn nhidu so vdi ty le 23,1 % eua edng ky), Idn hdn mdc nhap sieu ky Igc trong ei nim 2007.
Nhd vay, ve nguyen irit, gifla viet ell giim thud v i ting tg do hda kinh doanh vdi viec nhap sieu cd sfl lien he trfle tidp. 1\v,k. h- cho thay, viec cat giam thue khidn sdt t anh tranh cTJa hang ndi va hang ngtiai cang t o sg t cinh tranh gay gal. sift canh tranli vd gi.i i .i cua hang ngoai nhip ting. Cung vdi \ itt 'nK)
S 6 1 2 / 2 0 0 b
pHapig Q
PHAP LUAT QU6C TE
dia" rpng hpn va tim ly sung bii hang ngpai san cd lrong mpt bp phan ngfldi tieu dung cau thinh tnfc tiep lam tang liiJng hang nhap khau vao nfldc ta trong thdi gian gan day.
Gidi phdp l(hdc phuc nhdp sieu
Giii phip hang dau la nang cao sdt canh tranh cua san pham, doanh nghiep va toin bp ndn kinh td. Tren cP sd sin xui't, kinh doanh, quy md thflPng mai trong niJdc va xuii khau dki phat trien manh thi ngudn thu NSNN se ting trfling nhanh va bdn vflng.
Trong nam 2008 va nhflng nam tdi, tinh trang nhap sieu cdn tram trong hdn do hiu qui cua chfnh sach bao hd thdi ky lien gia nhap WTO. Trong dieu kien thdc hien chidn Iflpe edng nghiep hda hddng vd xuat khau, hdi nhap ndn kinh td khu vflc va the gidi, can tidp tgc hoin thien khung phap ly phu hpp vdi bdi cinh hpi nhap kinh tdqudc td, die biet l i chdc ning bio hp cua thud nhap khau can dflpc dieu chinh lai cho phu hpp.
TnJSc m i l chung ta can xay dflng Bieu thud nhap khi'u cho phu hpp vdi dinh hddng bio ve cd ehpn Ipc ddi vdi nganh hing kinh td trong tidn trinh hdi nhip kinh td qudc td. Cie ddng thud nhap khau cin dilu chinh theo hflcmg bio ve, hd trp nhflhg nganh sin xuii cd khi ning canh tranh trong mdt dilu kien vdi mpt thdi han va xuai khau tren thj tnijng khu vflc va thd gidi, gdp phan tich cfle vio chuydn djch CO cau kinh td, dinh hUdng phit trien cic nginh kinh te phu hpp vdi mgc tieu dat ra. Bio hd ding cin cd Id trinh gilm dan, cd nhfl vay chinh sach bio hd mdi cd tic dgng nang cao sflc c^nh tranh m l vin khdng phii triet lieu sflc canh tranh eua hing hda trong nudc. vd liu dii, viec didu hinh chinh sach thud nh|p khau nen dfla tren quan diem coi dd l i mdt cdng cu bio hp sin xuii trong nUdc ehfl khdng phii l i mpt ngudn thu quan trgng. Cd nhfl viy, thud suit thud nhap khau mdi dip
^phaplu
dhg tilde l i mdt hang rao hflu hieu dd ban ehe nhap sieu v i bao hp san xuai trong nudc. Day la xu hudng t i i nhien khi thut hien nhiJng cam kdt qudc td vd hpi nhap khu vflc va qudc td, dae biet la quy dinh eua WTO.
Ve liu d i i , d n ed phuOng an eg the 6e thud hda cic hing rao phi thud quan nhim dap dng mpt nguyen tie hang dau eua WTO la ehi bao hd bang thud quan, moi hang rio phi thud quan phii dflpc loai bd. Viec thud hda can djpc tien hanh theo tidn 60 v i phfldng i n can nhlc eg the, se tranh eho ndn kinh td gap phai nhflng bidn dpng dot ngpt khi phai loai bd ngay hang rao phi thud quan v i thay bang hang rio thud quan, nhai la trong tnimg hpp chfla cd giai phip hdu hieu khic de bio ve hpp ly ndn san xuii npi dia va ngan chin gian lin thuCing mai.
Ben canh dd, phii day manh cai cich thu tgc hanh chinh, thflc hien thuan Ipi hda thfldng mai, die biet vd thu tuc hii quan can nhanh ehdng i p dgng rdng thu tuc hii quan dien td, kdt h(?p cic lieu ehi quin ly nji ro va boat ddng quin ly tuin thu vi lui?ng hang hda thdng quan ngay mdt ting manh.
Ngoii ra, viec thay ddi thdi quen xuai khau hang hda gii FOB v i nhap khau hang hda gii CIF bing xuat khau gii CIF v i nhip khi'u gii FOB tao dieu kien cho cie doanh nghiep Viet Nam thu dfl3c tidn bio hiem v i aJiX: tiu, xuii khau theo gii CIF eung khuyen khich doanh nghiep bao hiem v i van tii Viet Nam phit trien manh hpn.
Viec xuat kha'u theo didu kien CIF v i nhip kha'u theo didu kien FOB khdng cdn qui mdi m l vdi eic doanh nghiep Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, cki thdi quen va do thidu thdng tin nen cie doanh nghiep chfla luu y dung mut vd vi'n dd nay. Vi'n (3e thay ddi thdi quen l i khd nhflhg khdng phii khdng thflt hien dude ma d n ed sfl quydt tim cua cdng ddng doanh nghiep eung nhfl cdng tic tuyen truyen, van dpng, i p dgng nhflhg bien phip khuyen khich cua Chinh phu.B
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lot cdu chuyen co
Theo Tap chi Ho Nhuan, Hoing Du dflOc coi l i hien than cua phep m l u td dai luc khi Tiung Qudc chuyen minh troi sudt ba thap nien qua
Sinh ra trong mpt gia dinh ngh^o t^i Sli D I U , QuIng Ddng, c l u b6 HoIng da cd gIng phu them khoin thu nhap ft di cua me mini bang nhflng ddng tidn kiem dflpc tfl b i n sl^
cu, chai Ip nhfla nhat dflpc mdi luc tan hi Trong mdt cau chuyen tren Thdi bio L Angeles hai nam tafdc day, Hoing da kd tflng sdng ddi ngheo thd nio, bj trd con hli xdm treu dua ra sao, cho du nhflng dfla trd chi k h i hon HoIng chut dinh.
Ong tnjm npi that nhd ring, me ludn kl cho minh chuyen dng b l td tien tdi Thii Lai budn ban dfldng v i hat dau, b l cung ke chi HoIng nhflng cau chuyen ngu ngdn, nhflni chuy§n tfl Kinh thinh, v l tfl nho, vj ti phu Iron]
tfldng lai d i I n tfldng vdi c i c t i i ning, biet dli tfl va hfldng Ipi tfl sd tien bd ra...
Va mac du c l ngdi ling cua HoIng h i hdt la ngfldi theo d^io, sdng dam bac, nhflh;
ngdi ling I'y gin Sin D i u - thinh phd d n j cda ngd thd ky 19 - ndi giao thflpng gifla Tiun;
Qudc v l Phflpng T i y v i n I I "chide ndi kini doanh". "6 dd cd ba con dfldng cho tdi", Holni ndi. "Tdi tafdng, l i m linh hoic tfl tim dfldni tdn tai". Bdi viy, du khdng cd chut kinI nghiem thfldng tnrdng nio, HoIng v i n bd hgi dtudi 16.
Ong trum ndi thit bay gid l l thanh ni&i nghte, rdi ling vdi chiec tui dflng radio, pin vi mpt sd v i t dgng mua tfl c i c n h i m i y gin ni d. Hoing dflng mpt sap hang nhd b6 d Bli Kinh v i b i n hing hda dem theo, de rdi nhan!
chdng hpc dgpc cich the nio vfldt qua ddi thi tfl Ipi thd g i i .
"Tdi Bic Kinh I I mdt bfldc ngoit cua ddi tdi", HoIng kd. Khi i'y, HoIng d i nghi each chit day nhflng thung tivi rdng tr^n s^p hing de tao d m giac ngdn ngpn hing hda.
Luc kinh doanh b i t d i u phat d^t, HoIng nhanh chdng md rOng mang lfldi khip thin phd.
Tfl sg khdi d i u ddn giin, HoIng d i t?i dflng nen mpt trong nhflng cdng ty Idn nhit Tmng Qudc, Tap doin npi thit gia dinh Come, vdi sfl "binh tnidng" rgng Idn khip d?i Igc gdm hdn 800 cfla hing. Theo cich ay, Hoing d l cop nhit t i i sin c i nhin, trd thinh ngfldi giiu c6 nhat Trung Qudc, ba l i n dflng d i u bing xdp h^ng cfl phu cua T?p chf Hd Nhu|n trong vdng 5 n i m qua
