Kinh nghiem phat trien cong nghiep d khu vUc mien nui va dan tpc thieu sd
d mpt sdqudc gia
HA THI T H U THUY**
T R A N T H I T H U HUYEN ***
DI/C(NG T H I THUY LINH***
Tom tat: Ddi vdi cdc qudc gia co dia hinh doi nui hodc nhieu ddn tpc thiiu sd, viic phdt triin cong nghiep ludn cd nhdng dde thu vd doi hoi sU linh hogt trong cong tdc xdy dUng chinh sdch cung nhU chiin lugc. Mpt sd qudc gia dd thdnh cong trong phdt triin cong nghiip d khu vUc mien nui vd ddn tpc thiiu sd nhU Nhdt Bdn, Trung Qudc, Thuy Si, Thdi Lan, Malaysia,... vdi nhdng hUdng di khde nhau. Do la nhdng bdi hpc quy bdu di Viet Nam nghiin cdu tren con dudng tim ra chiin lugc phdt triin phu hgp nhdm khai thdc tiim ndng phdt triin cdng nghiip d khu vUc miin nui vd vung ddn tpc thiiu sd.
Td khoa: phdt triin cdng nghiip, miin nui, ddn tpc thieu sd, Nhdt Ban, Trung Qudc, Thuy Sy, Thdi Lan, Malaysia, Viet Nam.
1. M O DAU nui noi rieng lubn n h a n dfltfe sU quan tam T7- J- .L^ i.1--^ -- /T^mmc1^ - -= ^ua chiiih phu cung nhu eae n h a nghien Vung dan tpc thieu sb (DTTS) va mien f & e '• u---_ •» 1/ J - J.- u J.., v.- ' cull chinh sach. Nhflng qub'e gia thanh nui ehiem gan 44 then tich tfl nhien eua ^ ^ ^ Vibt Nam, la dia ban sinh sb'ng eua 54 dan ™^g *'°^g P^^* ^^^'^ ^°"g "^S^ep d khu tpc, tiong do cd 53 dan tbe thilu s i vdi ^*^ ^^^"^ "^^^ ^ ^ ^ N h a t Ban, T m n g QuIc, trgn 13 trieu ngfldi, chiim 14,28% dan so ^^^y ^^ - ^^^y kinh nghiem cua nhflng d nude. Chinh vi vay, bai todn phat t r i i n l^oc gia Dbng Nam A nhU Thai Lan, ben vflng eho vung dan toe thieu so vd Malaysia se eung cap nhflng k i l n thflc mien nui ndi chung va phat trien ebng quan trpng d l giup Viet Nam rut r a nhflng nghiep d vung ddn tbe thieu so va m i l n bai hpc trbn con dfltfng phdt t r i i n ebng
* Bdi bdo Id sdn phdm khoa hoc cda di tdi: "Nghien cdu thUc trang vd di xudt gidi phdp di phdt trien cdng nghiep d vUng DTTS va miin nui Viit Nam" - Md so CTDT 38.18/16-20.
**Hd Thi Thu Thuy, Vien Nghien cdu Xa hpi vd Nhdn vdn mien nui - Bai hpc Thdi Nguyin,
*** Trdn Thi Thu Huyen, Duang Thi Thdy Lmh, TrUdng Bai hoc Ky Thuat Cdng nghiep - Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyen
HdJJii Thu Thdy, Trdn Thj Thu Huyen, Ducfng Thi Thuy Linh - Kinh r 69 nghiep d khu vUe mien nui va vung dan
tpc t h i l u so eua minh.
2. KENH N G H I E M 6 M&T SO N l / d C 2.1. N h l i t B a n
Nhat Ban la quoc gia n i m d khu vUe Dbng B l c A, vdi 73% dibn tieh la d i i nui.
Chinh vi vay, ehinh phii Nhat Ban lubn t h i hien vai tro dinh hUdng chien lugc tiong phat t r i i n cong nghiep mien nui.
Sau qud trinh thue hign ebng nghigp hda va md cfla phat trien kinh te' nhiJng nam 1960, Nhat Ban do'i mat vdi sU phat tiiln bat can db'i gifla eac khu vflc ebng nghigp va eae khu vflc nbng thbn cbn lai, dae biet la cde khu vflc mien nui *^'. Chenh lech thu nhap va diiu kien dtfi s i n g ngay eang gia tang gifla hai khu vUe do sfl di efl lao dbng v l cac khu cbng nghiep va sfl suy giam cua eae nganh kinh t l ehinh d khu vflc mien nui nhfl trong dau nubi tam va det sgi, san xua't Konjak (eu nfla), gao va lam san.
Nam 1965, Chinh phu N h a t Ban bat diu mbt loat cdc bien phap bao hb n h a m thue diy va bao ve lgi ieh eua eac ngbi lang nho d vung nbng thbn m i l n nui d Nhat Ban. Mue tieu chinh cua eac luat nay la thuc day va khuyen khich sfl phat t r i i n cua nganh cbng nghiep va ctf sd ha tang kinh te xa hbi t i i p theo d nhflng khu vflc bi suy thoai nay de on dinh dan so va tang ehat Iflgng cuge song.
TU n a m 1979, n h l m thuc day giai quye't van de nay sinh trong qua trinh cbng nghiep hba, db thi hba ma eu t h i la chgnh lech cac khu vflc, vung m i l n ngay cang gay gat, tfllig bude phat t r i i n hai hba khu vue
kem phat trien vdi khu vUc phat trien (nhat la khu vUc nong thbn - thanh thi), Chinh phu Nhat Ban chu trfltfng van dbng thfle hien ehfltfng trinh "phat trien nbi sinh d nbng thbn" hay cbn ggi la "Chfltfng trinh t r a n hflng nbng thbn"- Moi lang mbt san pham (OCOP) la mb hinh phat trien nbng thbn t h a n h cbng tai Nhat Ban dd dugc nhan rbng tai nhiiu qub'e gia. Chfltfng trinh gop p h l n gan k i t san xuat nbng nghiep vdi ebng nghiep ehe bien, phat t r i i n tieu thii cbng nghiep truyin thong dem lai bp mat nbng thbn mdi me hoan toan cho Nhat Ban ^^\
Cae muc tieu eua Luat thfl 4 n h l m thuc day phue ltfi eiia eac khu vflc bi suy thoai da dugc ban hanh vao nam 2000 thUe hien eae mue tieu: 1) Thuc day eac ehinh sach de cho phep ngUtfi dan duge dgc lap n h i t eb the; 2) Tang phue lgi chung eiia ngUdi dan; 3) tang ctf hgi viee lam; va 4) eo gIng va giam khoang d c h thu nhap gifla eae khu vUc db thi / thanh pho va eae khu vflc eb ddn so giam. Chfltfng trinh phat t r i i n khu vUc m i l n niii ben viftig dfltfe xay dung:
Tang cfldng d c nganh ebng nghiep dia phfltfng va tang viec lam d eae vung nui thbng qua eae bien phap nhU thanh lap quan ly rflng hien dai, phat trien cbng nghigp ehe bie'n nbng, lam san, gidi thieu du lieh va khai thae thi trfldng eho eac san pham dia phflcfng dgc dao. Nhat Ban lubn eoi trpng van d l dao tao nguon nhan lflc cho ebng nghigp, dac biet, eb nhiiu chinh sdch n h l m tao viee lam eho ngfldi lao dgng d cae ntfi bi thu hoi da't eho mue tibu phdt t r i i n cbng nghiep. Bbn canh db, d l gidi quyit van de sfl dung, khai thae rflng thieu khoa hge, phdt trien ebng nghigp nbng gay
70 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A, sd 2/2019 hau qua nghibm trgng tdi mbi trUtfng, tfl
nhflng nam 1960 -1970, chinh phu N h a t Ban da dua ra hang loat ehinh sach bao vg mbi trudng nhfl: ap dung ebng eu kinh te trong quan ly moi trUdng, phdt trien ebng nghe than thien vdi mbi trUdng, loai bd d i n ebng nghb gay b nhilm.
2.2. Trung Quoc
Dien tich Trung Qub'e keo dai khoang 5.026 km ngang qua theo khbi lue dia Dbng A gidp vdi b i l n Dbng Trung Hoa, vinh Trilu Tibn, Hoang Hai va Bien Dbng, gifla Bae Trilu Tien va Viet Nam trong sfl big'n doi gifla cae dong bang rbng Itfn, cac sa mac menh mbng va cdc day nui cao chot vbt. Trong dd 60%
dign tieh la nui eao tren 1000m.
D l thu hep khoang cdch phat t r i i n gifla eac viing, Trung Qub'e da t r i i n khai mpt s i ehfltfng trinh phat t r i i n viing d l h i trg cdc vung ngheo hcfti, nha't la vung m i l n Tay va m i l n Trung va gan day la vung Dbng Ble'^l Cac ehfltfng trinh h i trtf d d e vung ngheo, dan tgc thieu s i va m i l n nui t^p t m n g vao viee nang cap eac linh vUc, nganh t m y i n thbng, phat trien d e nganh c h i b i l n thUe pham, va da dang hoa eo d u nhflng nganh phdt trien dfla vao tai nguygn. Trung Qub'e eung dac biet ehu trgng dao tao nhdn sfl va phat t r i i n he t h i n g phu trg cho phat t r i i n cbng nghiep.
Ngoai ra, de giai quye't nhiing he qua cua sfl tang trfldng ndng gay ra nhfl: tinh hieu qua khbng dflgc dam bao; san xuat cbng nghiep phu thube Idn vao thi trfltfng ngoM nUde va vap p h i i nhOftig rao can thUtfng mai kho Ifltfng; ehgnh lech giau ngheo gifla d c vimg ngay eang gia tang; b nhiem mbi
trudng trd nen bao dbng; t h a t nghiep, thilu viec lam khu vflc nbng thbn, m i l n nui vung DTTS. D l cb 1 ehien Iflgc phat trien dat nfldc theo hUdng ben vQtig, Trung Qub'e da xay dUng ChUtfng trinh Nghi sU 21 ve phat trien b i n vflng. N6i dung ehucftig trinh Nghi sfl 21 bao gom:
Chiin Iflge t i n g the ve phat trien b i n vflng; phat trien xa hgi ben vCftig; phat t r i i n kinh te b i n viftig; bao ve d c nguIn tai nguygn thien nhibn va mbi trfldng *^'.
Trong eae ky k l hoach hang nam hay dai b a n cua qub'e gia eung nhU eua cae dia phucfng, ehinh phu diu danh mdt phan hoae mbt ehUtfng mue ribng v i i t v l phfltfng hudng, nhigm vu va bien phap phat trien cbng nghiep, bao ve mbi trUtfng, sfl dung t i l t kiem va htfp ly cac nguIn tai nguygn thien nhien. Cac giai phap ctf ban; Tang d i u t u phat trien cbng nghiep mbi trfltfng, b a n e h i d i u tfl vao nhflng nganh sfl dung nhieu nguygn nhibn Hgu, hb trg sfl dung nguygn lieu tfl nflde ngoai.
2.3. Thai L a n
Khu vue m i l n nui eua Thai Lan chu ylu tap trung d m i l n Bac Thai Lan. Day la vung duy n h i t cua d nude eb dia hinh nui non hiem trd, tap trung nhieu nui cao.
Trong db, dinh nui cao nha't la Doi Inthanon eao 2.575 m.
Trong nhijftig nam 1990, Chinh phu Thai Lan da thUc hibn ehflcftig trinh phat t r i i n eac ctf sd ebng nghiep tai vflng kem phat trien, nham gian sfl tap trung eiia cac ctf sd d n g nghiep tai thu db Bangkok ra ngodi vimg. Dae bibt tfl n a m 2002, bat dau giai doan thfl 4, Thdi Lan thue d i y phat trien d c nganh cong nghiep sfl dung nhieu
Hd Thi Thu Thdy, Trdn Thi Thu Huyen, Duong Thi Thuy Linh - Kinh nghiem... 71 lao dbng san xuat hang xuat khIu. Chinh
phu Thai Lan da kg't hgp cac van d l kinh te va v l n de mbi trfltfng ngay tfl khau lap ke hoach, t a p trung chu y l u vao cae v l n de mbi trudng quan trgng nhU bao t i n tai nguyen da dang sinh hge, b a n che b nhiem cbng nghiep, h i trg doanh nghigp thUe hign eae yeu cau v l mbi trUdng, khuyg'n khich tibu dung theo hUdng than thien vdi mbi trfltfng, sfl dung d c cbng eu kinh te trong quan ly mbi trfldng.
ChUtfng trinh OVOP tai Nhat Ban eung dfltfe Thai Lan dUa vdo ap dung vdi tbn ggi OTOP (One Tambon Gne Product) - Mli dia phfltfng mgt san pham. Vdi ehinh sdch khuyin khich va ho trg eua cflu Thu tfldng Thaksin Shinawatra, hien nay d Thai Lan cb khoang 36.000 mb hinh OTOP, m l i mb hinh tap htfp tfl 30 den 3.000 t h a n h vien tham gia. Sfl phat trien OTOP da da giup cho ngUtfi dan Thai giai quye't duge ebng an viec lam, lam ra nhiiu san pham dae s l e eua tiftig dia phUtfng, gdp p h l n tang thu nhap eho ngUdi dan t h a m gia.
2.4. Malaysia
Maylaysia la mgt qub'e gia eb dia hinh viing nui chiim dien tieh khd Idn. Phia tay ciia Malaysia la cae vung nui Trengganu, Cameron va eac day nui tU b l c xub'ng n a m tig'p giap vtfi cac vung dat thap ven bien, ddn cU dbng due.
Malaysia eung eb dinh hUdng phdt trien cbng nghiep hb trtf tfl r a t sdm. Theo dd, Chinh phu Malaysia da thUe hien nhieu ehfltfng trinh, ehinh sdch k h u y i n khieh phat trien nganh ebng nghiep hb trg, nhfl: Lfu dai thu hut doanh nghiep FDI vao cae nganh ebng nghigp hb tro
thbng qua chinh saeh Uu dai thue eho ede doanh nghigp FDI d i u tU vdo san xuit may mde va linh kibn; san xuat eae t h i l t bi giao thbng va linh kibn phu tung; san xuat cac thig't bi va linh kien dien, dibn tfl;
san xua't cac san p h i m nhfla '•^\
x a y dung eae chUtfng trinh phdt t r i i n eae nganh ebng nghiep quy mb nho va vfla d l phat t r i i n eae nha cung cap linh phu kien. Muc tigu ehinh cua chinh saeh nay la nham tao r a mbt thi trfltfng ebng nghiep ma cac cbng ty ebng nghigp quy mb nh6 va vfla ciia Malaysia cd t h i trd thanh nhiftig n h a san xuat va cung cap dang tin cay ve d e san pham dau vao ebng nghigp nhfl:
may mbe, thig't hi eho nganh cbng nghiep Idn... Tfl nhflng nam 1989,1990, ehinh phii Malaysia cung xay dflng dinh hfldng ehu trgng phdt trien nguIn nhan lflc va chuoi doEuih nghiep trong ehubi eung flng nganh eong nghigp thbng qua thdnh lap d e trung tam phat t r i i n qub'e gia ve nhan sU va nha cung ca'p.
2.5. T h u y Si
Thuy Si trai ddi qua sutfn phia b l e va phia nam eua Day Alpes tai Tay-Tmng Au, ed sU da dang Idn v l d n h quan va khi hau.
Qub'e gia nay g I m eb ba khu vUc dia hinh ctf ban: Day Alpes Thuy Si v l phia nam, cao nguygn Thuy Si hay cao nguyen trung tam, va day Jura ve phia tay. Day Alpes la mbt day nui cao chay dge trung-nam cua quoe gia, ehilm khoang 60% dien tich toan qub'e. Da s i dan chung Thuy Si cU tru tai cao nguygn Thuy Si.
Hien tai cdc khu vflc m i l n nui d Thuy Si phai db'i mat vdi nhflng thach thflc quan trpng trong phat t r i i n cbng nghibp. Chang
72 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A. sd 2/2019
b a n nhu dich ehuyen etf elu trong linh vtfe nbng nghiep, d n g nghigp va du lich, canh tranh toan elu, kha nang eanh tranh thap, xung dot trong tuyen b l sfl dung dlt, tai nguyen khbng ben vung, d e hau qua cua b i l n dii khi hau va mat sU gan k i t va doan k i t d trong khu vUc nbng thbn va mien nui va gifla chung vdi d c khu vflc khde ^^'.
Trong nam 2014 va 2015, nhflng n l luc de thue day sU phat tiiln cua eae khu vUe mien nui d Thuy Si da dat dflgc dbng lflc, duge khdi xUdng bdi d c sdng k i l n chinh tri va hanh chinh khae nhau tfl chinh phu h e n bang cung nhU Lign minh ehau Au (EU). K i t qua la, mbt s i ehiln Iflgc ehinh da dfltfe cbng bb vdi mue dieh thuc d i y sfl bao gIm eac khu vflc m i l n nui trong muc tieu phat t r i i n t i n g t h i cua Thuy Si. Mac dii cdc ehien lUtfc nay dUge phat trien d cae cap quan tri khac nhau, nhung chung ed muc tieu quan trgng ehung: sfl dung t i t htfn d e nguon tai nguygn nbi sinh, phdt t r i i n htfn nfla etf sd ha t i n g giao thbng va tmyen thbng va eac trung tam db thi hien cd trong day Alpes va thuc day sU g i n k i t va hgp tac gifla db thi/nbng thbn va nbng tbbn/mien nui'"".
3. BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM CHO V I E T N A M
Tfl kinh nghiem phdt t r i i n eong nghiep d khu vflc mien nui va vung dan tgc thieu so eiia eae qub'e gia, ed the nit ra mbt so bai hge quan trpng cho Viet Nam v l chinh saeh phat t r i i n ebng nghiep, quan ly phat t r i i n ebng nghigp, thu hut diu tfl eho phdt t r i i n cbng nghiep va giai quye't cac v l n d l phat sinh do phdt trien cbng nghibp d vung ddn tpc thilu so va m i l n nui.
3.1. C h i n h s a c h p h a t t r i e n c o n g n g h i e p cl v i i n g DTTS v a m i ^ n n u i
Chinh saeh phat t r i i n ebng nghiep d vung DTTS va mien nui ve lau dai phai dUa tren nhflng t h e m a n h ctf ban cua vung. Trong diiu kibn khoa hgc ebng ngh§
eua Viet Nam cbn nhieu b a n e h i thi day la bai hgc n i t r a tU sU phat t r i i n eua Trung Qub'e eung nhU d e nflde trong khu vflc Dbng Nam A. Cac ehiln lugc phdt t r i i n phai dUtfe xay dflng dong bb trbn tat ea cdc khia eanh: etf sd ha t i n g , ehinh saeh ho trg, dao tao nguon n h a n lflc tai c b l , thu hut dau tu.. va d n dfltfe cbia t h a n h tCftig giai doan vdi nhflng muc tieu cu the. Ben eanh dd, tfl kinh nghiem cua N h a t Ban, Thuy Si eho thay, ben eanh cae chig'n Ifltfe phat t r i i n kinh te xa hbi t i n g the eho khu vUe DTTS va mien nui, d n kg't hgp vdi nhflng chinh saeh, bien phap n h a m giai quyet van d l phat t r i i n thig'u ben viftig, b nhiem mbi trfltfng, giam khoang each phdt t r i i n nbng thbn - db thi, phat trien can bang gifla eae vung mien, phat t r i i n can db'i gifla cdc nganh, nghi.
Song song vdi db Id xay dung, phat t r i i n kg't d u h a t a n g nhU dibn, thiiy lgi, dudng giao thbng cho khu vUe nay.
3.2. Q u a n ly p h a t t r i e n c o n g n g h i e p of v u n g DTTS v a m i e n niii
Trong quan ly phat trien ebng nghiep &
vung DTTS va m i l n nui, dang chu y n h i t trong cdc bai hgc kinh nghiem cua eae quoe gia la sU phan cap v l q u I n ly rat ro rang, minh bach, da tao dieu kien eho d c nha lanh dao dia phuong cb etf hbi d l di sau vao phat t r i i n t h i manh eua vung minh. ThUc te tfl kinh nghiem cua Thuy Si, N h a t Ban,
Hd Thi Thu Thdy, Trdn Thi Thu Huyen, Duong Thi Thdy Linh - Kinh nghiem... 73
hay Trung Qub'e deu cho thay, mub'n phdt t r i i n cbng nghigp khu vflc DTTS va m i l n nui can phat trien theo hfldng ben vijtng.
Tuy nhign, bgn canh cac ehiln Iflge, k l hoaeh phat t r i i n thi viec hoan thien, ban hanh d e ctf ehe', ehinh saeh n h l m tao hanh lang phap ly, h i trtf ebng nghiep khu vflc nay phat t r i i n la diiu khbng t h i khbng quan tdm. NgoM ra, vdi he t h i n g ctf che, chinh sach day du, rb rang cbn la diiu kien thu hut dau tU von, cbng nghe cho phat t r i i n kinh t l xa hbi nbi chung, cbng nghiep ndi rieng d a khu vUc nay. Di dbi vdi phan cap, trao quyen phai la sU giam sat chat che trong mpt k l hoach tong t h i ehung d l dam bao hibu qua d i u tfl eho phdt trien eong nghigp.
3.4. T h u h i i t d a u tii c h o p h a t tri^n cong n g h i e p 6t v u n g DTTS v a m i l n niii
Thanh cbng trong thu hut d i u tU eho phat t r i i n ebng nghiep cf vung DTTS eua Thai Lan va Malaysia eho thay khbng chi dUa vao d e nguon vay hb trg hay dau tu FDI ma thu hut dau t u phat t r i i n ebng nghiep d quy mb vfla va nho tU d e doanh nghiep trong nfldc cung mang lai hieu qua rat tb't. D l thu hut dUtfc FDI can xdc dinh linh vUc, nganh ebng nghigp mui nhpn c l n phat t r i i n ct m l i khu vflc, tao ra eac flu dai thul, d e ehinh saeh Uen quan d i n hoat dbng cho n h a dau tu, tao mbi trUtfng dau tU thbng thoang, gan quyin lgi vdi trach nhiem cua nha diu tfl, k i t hgp nang d p cai tao he t h i n g ctf sd ha tang d l eae nhd diu tfl eb dugc nhieu thulin lgi htfn trong boat dgng san xuat kinh doanh. Bgn canh do, v l h d l lao dgng trong thu hut d i u tU
ciing la diiu d n quan tam... eb nhU vay mtfi thue day cbng nghiep khu vflc DTTS va m i l n nui phat t r i i n
Mbt bai hgc khac v l thu hut d i u tU tU thdnh cbng eua Thuy Si dd la viee k i t noi gifla cac eac vung db thi va khu vflc m i l n nui. Nb lUc t h a n h lap nhiftig db thi nho d khu vflc m i l n nui da lam mang lUdi k i t noi gifla cdc db thi trd ngn day dae htfn va diiu nay da tao n i i m tin ve etf hgi d i u tfl cung nhu thi trUtfng phat t r i i n eho cac doanh nghigp.
3.3. Giai quye't c a c vS'n d l phat s i n h d o p h a t t r i e n c o n g n g h i e p cf v u n g DTTS va m i l n n u i
N l u nhu Nhat Ban lam r i t tb't cbng tae Idem soat va giai quye't eae v l n d l phdt sinh do phat tiiln cbng nghiep d vung DTTS va m i l n nui, dae biet la d c van de ve mbi trUtfng; thi Trung Qub'e lai la mbt bai hgc d n h tinh eho eae qub'e gia dd va dang mong mub'n phat t r i i n cbng nghiep ve hau qua cua viee thilu k i i m soat va khbng giai quyg't eac van de phat sinh do phat trien cbng nghigp. Va diiu nay khbng phai la v l h de mtfi d Viet Nam. Hau h i t cae khu ebng nghiep, nha may ebng nghiep tai Viet Nam hign nay ebn nhieu ban e h i trong xfl ly chat thai gay hai eho mbi trfltfi^ sb'ng.
Thai Lan la mbt vi du ve sU n l lflc trong viec day m a n h phat t r i i n ebng nghigp song song vdi bao vg mbi trUtfng mbt each cb trgng dilm. Do dinh hfldng phat t r i i n du lieh n e n ehinh phu Thai Lan lubn quan t a m dg'n viec bao ve mbi trfldng va van hda truyen t h i n g . Do dd cde ehinh saeh phat t r i i n eua hg diu can nhac d i n viec bao ve cac ye'u to nay. Diiu nay tUdng
Nghien cdu Dong Nam A, sd 2/2019
chiftig nhu dcfn gian nhUng d l t h a n h ebng trong giai quye't eac van d l phdt sinh do phat trien ebng nghiep thi chung t a can cb su t h i n g nhat va k i i m soat chat che tfl t a t d ctf quan quan ly eac d p eung nhU eae che tai thich hgp de khuyen khich cdc doanh nghiep thUc hien trach nhiem xa hbi eiia minh.
Ngoai d e v l n d l ke tren, thi Viet Nam eung can ehu y phdt t r i i n nguon nhdn lUe, dae biet la nhan lUc quan ly de t r i i n ebng nghiep khu vUc DTTS va mien nui d tflng khu vflc. Trong ehfltfng trinh phat t r i i n ben viftig eua Trung QuIe, ehinh sach phat t r i i n khu vuc cua Nhat Ban, thu hut dau tfl eua Malaysia, eung nhfl phat trien cbng nghigp gan vdi xuat khau tai khu vflc DTTS, m i l n nui d Thai Lan thi v l n d l dinh hfldng chu trgng phat t r i i n nhan lflc lubn la mb'i quan tdm eua d e qub'e gia. Vdi mb hinh trung tam phat t r i i n quoc gia ve nhdn lUe, hay ehinh sach tap trung phat t r i i n eon ngfltfi khu vUc nay cd the dUtfc nghign cflu, van dung phu htfp vdi diiu kien tai Viet Nam.
KET LUAN
Cac bai hgc kinh nghiem cua Nh|it Ban, Trung QuIe, Thai Lan, Malaysia hay Thuy Si deu eb gia tri tham khao nhat dinh vdi diiu kibn cua Viet Nam, dac biet la hai nude Dbng Nam A eb hoan d n h va diiu kien phdt trien kha tUtfng ding.
Tuy nhibn de Ung dung cdc kinh nghibm nay d Viet Nam, d n c6 sU linh boat trong viec ap dung bdi moi quoc gia van eb nhiing dae thu rieng va thtfi ctf khae nhau. Chung ta cb t h i hge tap nhfliig nguyen t i e dung dan ma nUdc ban da thUc
hien nhUhg sang tao trong t r i i n khai ap dung d l phu hgp vdi tinh hinh thUc tien cua Vigt Nam./.
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