Le Viet Bao vd i Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 70(8): 89-92
KET QUA KHAO NGHIEM MOT SO GIONG KHOAI MON
TREN DAT RUONG MOT VU LUA TAI HUYEN LUC YEN, TINH YEN BAI
Le Viet Bao, Nguyen Ngoc Nong' Tru&ng Dgi hoc Nong Idm - Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T
Cay khoai mdn la cay trdng dSc san d mien niii. Ket qua khao nghiem 5 gidng khoai mdn tren dat rugng mgt vu tai huyen Luc Yen tinh Yen Bai cho thay: ca 5 gidng khoai mdn (Khoai mdn Yen Bai, B5c Kan, Ha Giang va Lao Cai 1,2) d§u sinh trudng, phat trien tdt. Thdi gian sinh trudng, phat triln ciia cac gidng tir 227 den 235 ngay, phii hgp de bd tri cay trdng vu ddng sau khi thu hoach khoai mdn tren dat 1 vu. Nang suat ciia gidng khoai mdn Ha Giang: 475, 21 ta/ha, giong khoai mdn Bac Kan: 297, 26 ta/ha, gidng khoai mon Yen Bai: 353, 05 ta/ha, gidng khoai mdn Lao Cai 1,2; 349, 22 va 347, 26 ta/ha. Chit lugng cu cua gidng khoai mdn Bac Kan cao nhat, sau dd den gidng Yen Bai, Ha Giang va gidng Lao Cai 1,2.
Tir kh6a: Gidng khoai mdn, rugng I vu, ndng sudt, chdt lugng.
DAT VAN DE
Cay khoai mdn cd ten khoa hge la Colocasia Autiquarum Schott, da dugc trdng tii' lau tai huyen Lue Yen da trd thanh mdt cay dac san eiia dja phuong. Tuy nhien, do ky thuat trdng, chain sdc ehii yeu dua vao kinh nghiem cd truyen, dien tich cdn nhd le, phan tan, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te thap. Vi vay, viec nghien ciiu khao nghiem tuyen chgn cac gidng khoai mdn thich hgp vdi dieu kien khi hau, dat dai tai dja phuong nham dua gidng tdt vao ca eau gidng cay trdng, lam ca sd eho viee md rdng dien tich dac biet tren dat rugng Ivu liia nham ban che hien tugng pha rirng lam riy, nang cao hieu qua kinh te cay khoai mdn va chuyen ddi co cau cay trdng hgp ly tai dja phuong.
Muc tieu: So sanh eac gidng khoai mdn, xac djnh dugc gidng khoai mdn cd nang suat, chat lugng cao, phii hgp vdi dieu kien khi hau dat dai lai dia phuang tren dat rugng I vu liia tai huyen Luc Yen tinh Yen Bai.
N Q I D U N G V A PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU No! dung
Khcio nghiem va theo ddi cac chi tieu sinh trudng, nang suat, chat lugng ciia 5 gidng
• Tel: 0983 641)215, Email: [email protected]
khoai mdn tren dat rugng I vu. Dia diem nghien ciiu: xa Lieu Dd, huyen Luc Yen, tinh Yen Bai. Thdi gian; 2006 - 2007.
Phuong phap nghien ciru
* Vat lieu nghien ciru: 5 gidng khoai mdn duge thu thap tai cac dia phuong khu virc phia bac Viet Nam, gdm; Khoai mdn Luc Yen, Yen Bai; khoai mdn Bac Kan, khoai mdn Ha Giang, khoai mdn Lao Cai 1,2.
* Dieu kien dat thi nghiem: Thi nghiem dugc bd tri tren dat rugng I vu tai thdn Cay Thj, xa Lieu Dd, huyen Luc Yen, linh Yen Bai. Tinh chat dat: pH KCL: 6,13; OC: 1,81%; dam tdng sd; 0,140% N; Ian tdng so: 0,123 %P205; ka li tdng sd: 1,64 % K2Q; dam thiiy phan: 11,2 mg/IOOgr dat; Ian de tieu:23,l mg/IOOgr dat;
ka Ii de tieu: 12,5 mg/l OOgr dat.
* Bd tri thi nghiem ddng rugng: Thi nghiem gdm 5 cdng thiic, mdi cdng thirc tuong iing vdi mdt gidng, 3 lan nhac lai, bd tri theo kieu khdi ngau nhien hoan chinh (RCB); Cdng thirc (CT) I: Khoai mdn Yen Bai (Ddi chiing), CT 2: Khoai mdn Bac Kan, CT 3:
Khoai mdn Ha Giang, CT 4: Khoai mdn Lao Cai I, CT 5: Khoai mdn Lao Cai 2. Mat do trdng 33.000 cay /ha. Lugng phan bdn /ha: I tSn vdi bdt, 20 tan P /C, 70kgN, 70kg P2O5,
lOOkgKjO.
89
Le Viet Bao va . Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 70(8): 89 - 92
* Theo ddi cac chi lieu vl sinh trudng, phat triln, nang suSt cii. Danh gia pham chat, chat lugng cil qua phan tich mdt sd chi tieu trong phdng thi nghiem tai trudng Dai hge Ndng lam Thai Nguyen.
KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN
Thdi gian sinh trirdng, phat trien ciia cac giong khoai mdn
Cac gidng khoai mdn cd thdi gian sinh trudng dao ddng tii' 227, din 235 ngay, trong do, gidng khoai mdn Bac Kan; 227 ngay, dai nhat la 2 gidng Lao Cai 1, 2: 235 ngay, 2 giong Yen Bai, Ha Giang; 230 ngay.
Dong thai tang tru'dng chieu cao cua cac giong khoai mon
Vao thdi diim thang 07 cac gidng deu cd chilu cao cao nhat, sau dd giam dan vao cac thang 8 va 9 din khi thu hoach. Chieu cao dat cao nhat la gidng Yen Bai dat 129,5cm, thap nhit la gidng Bac Kan chi dat 113,5cm, gidng Ha Giang Dat 117,8cin, Gidng Lao Cai 1 dat
123,6cm, gidng Lao Cai 2 dat: 121,0cm.
Dgng thai ra la va so la tren cay ciia cac giong khoai mon
Sd la ciia cac gidng ra nhieu nhat vao thang 07 sau dd giam dan, tdc do ra la cao nhat la 2 gidng khoai mdn Ha Giang dat 3, 91 1 a/thang, sau dd den khoai mdn Bac Kan; 3, 79 1 a, khoai mdn Yen Bai; 3, 39 la. Tdng sd la tren cay trong sudt thdi gian sinh trudng, phat trien dao ddng tir 18,02 (gidng Bac Kan) den 19, 13 la (gidng Ha Giang), it cd su chenh lech ve tdng sd la ciia ca 5 gidng.
Nang suat, cac yeu to cau thanh nang suat va danh gia chSt lu-ang cii cua cac giong khoai mon trong thi nghiem
* Ndng sudt vd cdc yeu to cdu thdnh ndng sudt cdc giong khoai mon trong thi nghiem.
Qua nghien ciru cac ylu td cau thanh nang suat ciia cac giong khoai mdn trong thi nghiem chimg tdi thu dugc ket qua d Bang I.
Nang suat ly thuylt (NSLT) ciia cac gidng tuong ddi cao, trung binh nang suat ly thuyet dat > 300 ta/ha. Gidng cd nang suat ly thuylt cao nhat la gidng Khoai mdn Ha Giang: 557, 90 ta/ha. Giong cd nang suat thap nhat la giong khoai mdn Bac Kan; 330, 90 ta/ha.
Tuy nhien, niu so sanh rieng nang suat cii cai thi gidng khoai mdn Bac Kan cd nang suat cao hon gidng khoai mdn Lao Cai I, Lao Cai 2.
Nang suat thong ke (NSTK) cua cac gidng dat til- 297,26 ta/ha (giong Bac Kan) din 475, 21 ta/ha (giong Ha Giang), giong Yen Bai dat 353, 05 ta/ha, sau do la cac gidng Lao Cai 1,2.
* Ddnh gid chdt lugng cua cu khoai mdn tren ddt rugng qua phdn tich mot sd chi tieu trgng phdng thi nghiem
Ngay sau khi tiln hanh thu hoach, chiing tdi da tien hanh giii mau phan tich ve mdt sd chi tieu chat lugng khoai mdn tai Phdng thi nghiem Trung tam - Trudng Dai hge Ndng lam Thai Nguyen va thu dugc ket qua d Bang 2.
Bang 1. Cac yeu td ciu thanh nang suSt va nang suat ciia cac gidng khoai mdn tren dat rugng 1 vu
T T 1 2 3 4 5
Ten giong
Khoai mon Yen Bai (dc) Khoai mon Bac Kan Khoai mon Ha Giang Khoai mon Lao Cai I Khoai mon Lao Cai 2
CV (%) LSD 05 (ta/ha)
Mat do cay lm"
3,3 3,3 3,3 3.3 3.3
Cii So cQ 1 1 1 I 1
cai /cay P.cii (kg) 0.76 0.51 0.79 0.47 0.39
Cii cor So cii
16,16 15,9 23,1 30,1 32,2
1 /cay P.cii (kg) 0,029 0,031 0,039 0,028 0,027
NSLT (ta/ha) 413,00 330,90 557.90 433.20 415.60
NSTK (ta/ha) 353.05 297,26 475.21 349.22 347.26 0,5 3.46
NSTK so vol doi
chiing (ta/ha) 0 -55,79 + 122,16
-3,83 -5.79
90
Le Viet Bao vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 70(8): 89-92
TT
1 2 3 4 5
Bang
^ ^ ^ ^ Chi
Ten giong
Khoai mon Yen Bai Khoai mon Bac Kan Khoai mon Ha Giang Khoai mon Lao Cai 1 Khoai mon Lao Cai 2
2. Mdt i tieu
so chi tieu chat 1 Ham lu'ong Protein (%)
1.64 2.06 1,46 3,09 1,03
uong cil ciia cac gidng khoai mdn Ham lu'ong
Lipit (%)
0.38 0.31 0,19 0,10 0,14
Vat chat kho (%) 28,39 33,33 25,40 29,77 19.47
Ham lu'ong tinh bot
(%) 19.87 19.68 15,15 16,56 12,15
Chat xo' tong so (%)
1,13 0.60 1.70 1,28 0,82 (Nguon: Phdng thi nghiem Trung ldm. Truang Dgi hpc Nong Idm - Dgi hpc Thdi Nguyen)
Bang 3. Hieu qua kinh te cua cac gidng khoai mon trong thi nghiem tren dat rugng 1 vu
TT
I 2 3 4 5
Ten giong
Khoai mon Yen Bai Khoai mon Bac Kan Khoai mon Ha Giang Khoai mon Lao Cai 1 Khoai mon Lao Cai 2
Thu Cii cai 45.176 31.236 45.006 25.404 21.920
(lOOOd/ha) Cii con 6.358,5 7.054 12.514 11.110 8.602
- Ch ii(I000d/ha)
16.671.4 16.671.4 16.671.4 16.671,4 16.671,4
Lai(1000d/ha)
34.863,1 23.618,6 40.848,6 19.842,6 13.850,6
Chat lugng cac gidng khoai mdn cd sir khac nhau rd ret. Gidng cd chi tieu chat lugng cao nhat la gidng Bac Kan va Yen Bai, sau dd den cac gidng khac. Tdng hgp cac chi lieu phan lich chat lugng va qua y kien ciia ngud'i dan thi 3 gidng: Khoai mdn Yen Bai, khoai mdn Bac Kan, khoai mdn Ha Giang duge danh gia cao hon 2 gidng khoai mdn Lao Cai 1,2.
Danh gia hieu qua kinh te cac gidng khoai mon trong thi nghiem
Danh gia hieu qua kinh te cac gidng khoai mdn trong thi nghiem, chimg tdi da tien hanh tinh toan dua tren sd lieu ve nang suat thdng ke ciia cac gidng. Ket qua dugc trinh bay d Bang 3.
Gidng khoai mdn Ha Giang cd hieu qua kinh le cao nhat, lgi nhuan dat duge la:
40.848.600d/ha; gidng Yen Bai:
34.863.1 OOd/ha, Giong Bac Kan:
23.6l8.600d/ha. thc4p nhat la gidng khoai mdn LcioCai2: 13.850.600 d/ha.
KET LUAN, DE NGH!
Ket luan
- 5 gidng khoai mdn duge khao nghiem tren dat rugng I vu tai xa Lieu Dd, huyen Liie Yen, tinh Yen Bai deu sinh trudng, phat trien tdt.
- Thdi gian sinh trudng, phat trien ciia cac gidng dcio ddng til' 227 den 235 ngay dam bao cho viec bd tri cay vu ddng sau khi thu hoach khoai mdn nham tang hieu qua kinh te. Ve chieu cao cay va sd la khdng ed sir chenh lech dang ke.
- Nang suat thdng ke ciia cac gidng khoai mdn dat tir 297, 26 ta/ha din 475, 21 ta/ha, cao nhat la gidng khoai mdn Ha Giang: 475, 21 ta/ha, thap nhat la giong khoai mdn Bac Kan: 297, 26 t a/ha, gidng khoai mdn Yen Bai dat 353, 05 ta/ha, gidng khoai mdn Lao Cai I, 2 lan lugt la; 349, 22 va 347, 26 ta/ha.
- Qua phan tich mgt sd chi tieu ve chat lugng, gidng khgai mdn Bac Kan dat chat lugng cao 91
Le Viet Bao vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 70(8); 89 - 92 nhat, sau dd den cac gidng Yen Bai, Ha Giang
va 2 gidng Lao Cai. Cac gidng khoai mdn Ha Giang, Yen Bai va Bac Kan cho hieu qua kinh te cao hon gidng Lao Cai.
De nghj
- Tiep tuc khao nghiem va danh gia hai gidng khoai mdn Bac Kan va Ha Giang trong thdi gian tdi tai huyen Lue Yen, tinh Yen Bai.
- Khuyen khich md rdng dien tich san xuat gidng khoai mdn Yen Bai tren quy md ldn hon tren dia ban, coi trgng trdng khoai mdn tren dat rugng mdt vu, de ban chi tinh trang pha rirng lam ray.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[I]. Nguyin Hun Binh, Biii Cdng Triing, TrSn Van Doan (1963). Cdy khoai nudc, Nxb Khoa hoc, HaNgi.
[2]. Nguyen Thi Nggc Hue, Nguyen Xuan Viet (2001), "5/e« di izozim vd moi quan he giira cdc dgng bgi, nhiem sdc the & lodi khoai mdn, C.esculeuta (L)Schott", Tgp chi khoa hoc, Dai hpc Supham, HaNgi.
[3]. Nguyin Thj Nggc Hue, Nguyin Van Vilt (2004). "Tdi nguyen di truyen khoai mon - sg a Viet Nam ", Nxb Ndng nghiep, Ha Ndi.
[4]. Nguyin Thj Nggc Hue, Dinh Thi Lgc (2005).
Ctiy CO cil vd ky thudt thdm canh, quyen 3, khoai mdn - sg. Nxb Lao ddng xa hdi.
[5]. Nguyen Nggc Ndng, Nguyin Dinh Thi, Hoang Hai, "Chuyen giao tien bd ky thuat xay dung md hinh tham canh cay khoai mdn tai linh Bac Kan", Tgp chi Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe - Dai hoc Thdi Nguyen, 2006. Trang 40 -50.
[6]. Td nghien cuu cay cd cu Vien KHNN (1965).
Cdy khoai nu&c. Ket qua nghien ciru khoa hoc ndng nghiep 1965, HaNgi, lr 243-258, 259-266.
SUMMARY
R E S U T S O F T H E R E S E A R C H O F S O M E TARO VARIETIES ON LAND OF ONE RICE CROP FIELD IN LUC YEN DISTRICT, YEN BAI PROVINCE
Le Viet Bao, Nguyen Ngoc Nong' College of Agricuhrure and Forestiy - Thai Nguyen University Varieties of taro: Yen Bai, Bac Kan, Ha Giang, Lao Cai 1,2 which were surveyed on soil of one crop field in Luc Yen district. Yen Bai province were all growing and developing well. Time for growth, development of the varieties ranges from 227 to 235 days to ensure the arrangement of winter crops after harvest taro in order to increase economic efficiency. Statistics productivity of taro varieties ranges from 297.26 quintals/hectare to 475, 21 quintals/hectare, the highest one is Ha Giang taro varieties: 475.21 quintals/hectare, the lowest one is Bac Kan taro varieties: 297.26 quintals/hectare. Yen Bai taro varieties reach 353.05 quintals/hectare, taro Lao Cai varieties I 2 respectively reach: 349.22, 347, 26 quintals/hectare. The varieties of Ha Giang, Yen Bai and Bac Kan has high economic efficiency. Bac Kan taro varieties have the best quality, followed by Yen Bai, Ha Giang varieties and 2 varieties of Lao Cai.
Key words: Variety, taro, land of one rice crop, product, quality.
Tel: 0983 640215, Email: ngocnongtn(d)yahoo.com.- 92
