Hoang Van Hiing vd Dtg Tap chl KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 120(06): 117-120
NGHIEN ClTU XlT L Y s A x VA ASEN TRONG NU'dC N G A M BANG BE L Q C SINH H O C BIOPHIN
Hoang Van Hung'', Dvomg Thi Minh Hoa^ Ngan Thi Thanh Hoa^
Truong Cao dang Cong dong Ldo Cai
^Tru&ng Dgi hgc Nong Ldm - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM TAT
Nghien ciru va danh gia kha nang xu ly sat va asen trong nudc ngam bang be Igc sinh hoc biophin vdi cac loai vat lieu Igc khac nhau, gom: Soi cugi, cat thach anh, than hoat tinh la dieu vo cimg can thtet. Mo hinh thi nghiem duge tien hanh ldn lugt vdi tiing cong thiic vat lieu Igc khac nhau, moi lop vat lieu loc lien tuc trong 5 ngay. Ket qua cho thay, be loc sinh hgc biophin co kha nang xii ly nudc ngam co chiia sat va asen. Hieu suat xu ly sat va asen cua he thong thay doi theo timg cong thiic vat lieu loc khac nhau, xep thu tu tir thap den cao nhu sau- Soi cupi + Cat thach anh < Than hoat tinh + Cat thach anh < Soi cugi + Than hoat ti'nh + Cat thach anh Trong do hieu suat xii ly sat va asen trong nudc ngam bang ldp vat lieu Soi cugi + Than hoat tinh + Cat thach anh la cao nhat (xii ly sit dat 98%, xii ly asen dat 93%).
Tir khoa: Hieu sudt, 6 nhiim nudc ngdm, vdt lieu loc, xir ly sdt vd asen MO DAU
d Viet Nam, nudc ngam duge sir dung va Ird thanh ngudn nudc sinh boat ehinh eiia nhieu cong dong dan cu [3]. Tuy nhien, nhiing nam gan day, nhieu nghien eiiu da cho thay trong nudc ngam co chiia ham Iugng cae chat nhu:
asen, sat, mangan, amoni, clo, v.v. cag ban quy chuan cho phep, dac biet la sat va asen [1].
Thai Nguyen la dia phuang cd nguon tai nguyen khoang san phong phii vdi ban 143 mo khoang san duge cSp giay khai thac va di vao hoat dgng [4]. 6 cac khu vuc nay khai thac van sir dung eae cdng nghe lac hau, ehu yeu khai thac Id thien, eac bien phap phuc hdi sau khai khoang chua hieu qua, v.v. nen moi Irudng khu vue van bi d nhiem, dac biet la 6 nhiem kim loai nang, anh hudng true liep den con ngudi va sinh vai [4].
Xa Ha Thugng, huyen Dai Tu la dia phuang CO nhieu lai nguyen khoang san nhu: Ihiec, cao lanh, v.v. Cdng nghiep khai thac khoang san, luyen kim den, luyen kim mau, v.v. phat Irien manh, nhimg cac bien phap xii ly d nhicm bao ve mdi trudng lai chua hieu qua [I], day la mdt trong nhiing nguyen nhan din den d nhiem ngudn nudc ngam tai day. Dieu niy cang nghiem trgng hon khi 70% sd hd
Tel: 0989 372386. Email. hvhungln74@yahoo com
dan tai xa sir dung true tiep ngudn nudc ngam phuc vu cho sinh boat [4].
Tren thuc te, ngudn nudc ngam tai day hau nhu deu d nhiem sat va asen nhung chua ed bien phap xii ly triet de, chi cd the xii ly dan gian de loai bd sal neu co. Xu ly d nhiem sal va asen trong nudc ngam dang la nhu cau cap thiet nhat hien nay. Theo ly thuyet, asen cd kha nang cdng ket tiia vdi mdt sd dang hgp chat oxit, hydroxit cua sat [2]. Day la dieu kien thuan Igi de cd the xu ly ea sat va asen trong nudc ngam,
Xuat phat tir nhu cau thuc te Iren, viec nghien cim, ling dung be loc Biophin trong xii ly d nhiem sat va asen trong nudc ngam d xa Ha Thugng la di6u vo ciing can ihiel. Nghien ciiu nay tap chung danh gia kha nang xir ly skt va asen trong nudc ngam eiia be loc sinh hgc biophin vdi cac cdng thiie vai lieu Igc khac nhau.
VAT LIEU, PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Phuong phap Ihu thap du lieu, phuang phap bo tri thi nghiem, phuang phap lay mau va phan tich mlu, phuong phap xu ly sd lieu.
Vat lieu vd bo tri thi nghiem
Md hinh Ihi nghiem gdm: 01 may bom nudc (1) tu gieng khoan vao cot Igc sinh hgc; 01 cgi Igc sinh hgc (2) duge che tao tir nhua 117
Hoang Van Hung vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 120(06): 117-120 PVC cd chieu cao 1,5 m, dudng kinh d = 200
cm; ben trong cd ehiia ldp vat lieu loc (3) cao 80 cm, vat lieu loc duge sii dung gdm: than hoat linh, cat thach anh va sdi cugi; 01 thimg ehiia nude sau khi xu ly (5) cd the tich la 20 lit va he thdng dng dan nudc (4).
, in INtfcrc r
Niro'c gieiig khoan
Thung chiia ni daxirly 4>=20D
Hinh 1. Cdu tao M6 hinh thi nghiem Thi nghiem duge bd tri tai xa Ha Thugng, huyen Dai Tii', linh Thai Nguyen va Phdng thi nghiem Khoa Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng, Trudng Dai hgc Ndng lam Thai Nguyen.
Cong thuc thi nghiem
Nghien cim anh hudng eua cac cdng thtic vat lieu Igc khac nhau den hieu suat xir ly sat va asen qua 3 cdng thuc:
Cong thuc 1, gdm: Sdi cugi ( 1 - 2 cm) day 60 cm + Cat Ihach anh (0,5 -1 mm) day 20 cm.
Cong thiic 2, gdm: Than hoat tinh dang vien, hinh tru (3 - 3,36 mm), dai 2 - 4 mm, day 60 cm + Cat thach anh (0,5 - 1 mm) day 20 cm.
Cdng Ihiic 3, gdm: Sdi cugi ( 1 - 2 cm) day 20 cm + Than hoat tinh dang vien, hinh tru (3 - 3,36 mm), dai 2 - 4 mm, day 40 cm + Cat Ihaeh anh (0,5 - 1 mm) day 20 era.
Cat thach anh (0,5 - 1 mm) la ldp dudi ciing Irong ca 3 cdng thiic, dong vai trd la mang Igc CO hge, giii lai kel tiia ciia As (V) va Fe (III) sau khi bj oxy hoa bdi he vi sinh vat cd djnh bam dinh va phat trien tren be mat vat lieu igc lao thanh cac ldp mang sinh hoc (biofilms).
118
Cache:
Fe^^ + 2 H O H ^ F e ( O H ) 2 ;
Trong nudc co 0 2 tao thanh Fe(OH)3 (k6t tiia): Fe^^ + 3H0H ^ Fe(0H)3 + 3H^;
As'^ + Fe^*^As^* + Fe'"
Fe^" lai tiSp bjc phan ling vdi oxy trong nudc tao Fe'^ ket tiia:
Fe^^ + 2H0H ^ Fe(0H)2;
Fe'* + 3H0H -» Fe(0H)3 + 3H", Fe'*+ As'* ^ FeAs04 (Kit tiia) Vdi ngudn nudc dau vao cd ham lugng sat va asen nhu sau:
Bang 1. Cdc thdng s6 trong nudc ddu vdo T T Chi Don
tieu vi Nong
do
QCVN 01:2009/BYT Fe
As
mg/t 1,227 mg/1 0,034
0,3 0,01 Theo doi thi nghiem
Thdi gian nghien ciru: tU' thang 01/2013 den Ihang 04/2013.
Thi nghiem lam viec theo che do loc lien tuc trong 05 ngay vdi tu'ng cong thiic vat lieu Igc khae nhau. Mau nudc dau ra sau 05 ngay xir ly duge lay tir van he thdng dng dan nudc ra, phan tich mau nudc ta cd cac ket qua xu ly cua md hinh thi nghiem.
Tit ket qua cua cac Ihi nghiem, ta danh gia duac kha nang xu ly nudc ngam nhiem sal va asen eua cac cdng thiic vat lieu loc khac nhau.
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Nghien cuv hieu sudt xir ly sdt vd asen trong nuo'c ngdm bdng be loc sinh hpc Biophin sir dung cong thirc I.
Tu ket qua phan tich mau nudc xir ly bang cdng thiic vat lieu loc 1, ta duoc ket qua nhu bang 2.
Qua bang 2 ta thay, sau 5 ngay luu nudc trong cot loc, cdng thiie I chi xii ly duge mgt lugng luong ddi nhd sat va asen. Hieu qua xii ly sat la 54%, giam miic d nhilm xudng con 1,8 Ian. Ddi vdi asen, hieu qua xir ly la 51%. Tuy nhien, ndng do s5t va asen vln vugt qua QCVN.
Hoang Van Hiing vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 120(06): 1 1 7 - 1 2 0
Ban^ 2. Hi^u sudt xir ly sdt vd asen Irong nudc ngdm bang be Igc sinh hgc Biophin su dung
cdng ihuc I
Chi Ket q u a ' ^ " OCVN TT . suat ^
heu xirly 01:2009/BYT Fe 0,565 54
As 0,016 51 0,3 0,01 Nghien ciru hiiu suatxu ly sdt vd asen trong ttirdc ngam bdng be loc sinh hgc Biophin sir dung cong thirc 2.
Kel qua phan lich n u d c sau x u ly d u g e the hien trong b a n g sau:
Bang 3. Hiiu sudt xu ly sat vd asen trong nudc ngdm bang be loc sinh hoc Biophin sir dung
cong thuc 2 Ket qua
Hieu suat xii' ly (%)
QCVN 01:2009/BYT Fe 0.098
As 0,004
92 0,3
0,01 Qua bang 3 la Ihay, hieu qua xii ly sal va asen Irong nudc n g a m ciia c d n g thiic 2 cao h o n cong thiic I.
Hieu qua xii ly sat dat 9 2 % , hieu q u a xii ly asen dat 8 8 % . N d n g d o sat va asen giam xuong dudi Q C V N .
Nghiin cu-u hieu sudt xu ly sdt vd asen trong nudc ngdm bdng be loc sinh hoc Biophin sir duftg cong thuc 3.
Bang 4. Hieu suatxu ly sdt vd asen trong nudc ngdm bang bi lpc sinh hpc Biophin sir dung
cdng thuc 3
' C,> "'' " ' ! " QCVN 11 qua suat
lieu ^ 01:2009/BYT xu ly (%)
I Fe 0,024 98 2 As 0,002 93
0,3 0,01 Qua bang 4 la cd the thay ro hieu q u a xir ly s5t va asen trong n u d c n g a m b a n g cdng thiic 3 la rat cao. Ham l u g n g sat va asen giam d a n g ke, hi?u qua xii ly s5t dai 9 8 % , hieu qua xii ly asen dat 9 3 % .
K E T L U A N V A D E N G H I Ket luan
Qua kel qua p h a n lich ta Ihay, k h a nang x u ly n u d c n g a m n h i l m sat va asen bang be Igc sinh hge Biophin dat hieu qua cao, n u d c n g a m sau x u ly dat quy chuan cho p h e p Q C V N 0 1 : 2 0 0 9 / B Y T , dat hieu qua cao nhat khi sii d u n g c d n g thiic vat lieu loc gdm 3 ldp:
Sdi cudi ( 1 - 2 em) d a y 2 0 cm + Than hoat linh d a n g vien, hinh tru (3 - 3,36 m m ) , dai 2 - 4 m m , day 4 0 c m + Cat thach anb (0,5 - 1 m m ) day 20 cm.
Kien nghi
1. De nghi cho nhan rdng md hinh ling dung be loc sinh hge Biophin de xii ly sat va asen Irong nudc ngam d nhiing khu vuc bi d nhiem.
2. T a n g c u d n g c d n g tac kiem soat, lien hanh nghien ciiu hien Irang d nhiem sal va asen d nhiing vimg cd nguy c a cao.
3 . Ngoai p h u o n g an xay b e Biophin b a n g b e - idng hoac n h u a P V C , cd the sii dung cac vat dung san ed de x a y d u n g be Biophin cho hd gia dinh n h a m liel kiem chi phi nhu: tan dung Ihiing phuy, xd nhua dung lich Idn, v.v. d e lam col Ige.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O 1. Do Van Ai, Mai Trpng Nhuan, Nguyen Khac Vinh (2000). Mpt sd dgc diem phdn bd asen trong tu nhien vd vdn de 6 nhiem asen trong tu nhiin vd vdn di 6 nhiim asen trong mdi trudng Viet Nam Hgi thao quoc te ve 6 nhiem asen: Hien trang, tac dgng den cong dong va cac giai phap phong ngira, Ha Noi.
2 Le Huy Ba (2009). Doc hpc m6i trudng ca bdn.
Dai hgc Quoc gia TP. Ho Chi Minh.
3 Tran Huu Hoan (2000). Asen trong nudc u6n^
vd gidi phdp phdng chong Bao cao tai Hgi thao ve hien trang chat lugng nudc ngam tren dia ban Ha ngi B6 KH&DT.
4. Tr^n Thi Pha, Dang Van Mmh, Hoang Van Hiing, Dam Xuan Van (2013). Nghien cuv khd ndng xu ly kim loai ndng ciia cdy Say (Phra^mites australia) tren ddt sau khai thdc tai md sat Trai Cau, huyen Bdng Hy vd md thiec Hd Thu(mg, huyen Dgi Tic, tinh Thdi Nguyin. Tap chi Nong nghi?p va PTNT. 9: 66-74.
Hoang Van Himg va fl/g Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 120(06): 1 1 7 - 1 2 0
S U M M A R Y
A R S E N I C A N D I R O N T R E A T M E N T R E S E A R C H IN G R O U N D W A T E R B Y B I O P H I N F I L T E R
Hoang Van Hung'', Duong Thi Minh H o a ^ Ngan Thi Thanh Hoa^
'Lao Cai Community College.
'College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU Research on adsorption capacity of iron and arsemc in the groundwater by biophin filter with other filter materials, include: gravel, quartz sand, activated carbon is really essential. System working in test mode filter for 5 days then replaces layers vnth different filter materials. Results showed that, biophin filters capable of handling groundwater containing iron and arsenic. Processing performance iron and arsenic varies follow formula different filter materials, sott them from low to high as follows: Quartz sand + gravel < AcUvated Carbon + Quartz sand < Gravel + Activated carbon + Quartz sand. In particular processor performance iron and arsenic m groundwater by gravel + Activated Caibon + Quartz sand is highest (98% processing iron, arsenic removal of 93%).
Keywords: Contamination of ground-water, handling iron and arsenic, filter materials, performance
Ngdy nhdn bdi:JO/1/2014, Ngdyphdn biin.24/1/2014; Ngdy duyit ddng. 09/6/2014 Phdn bien khoa hoc: TS Du Ngpc Thdnh - Truong Dgi hpc N6ng Ldm - DHTN
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