NGHIEN c u u Ll LUAN
Vai tro cua ngi/di thay trong viec nang cao chat lUdng giang day mon Triet hpc IVIac - Lenin
d cac trUGing dai hpc hien nay
L& Tlij HUdng Tracing D91 hpc NguySn Hu^
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TOM TAT: Cdng cudc dSi mdi d nudc ta hign nay da vi dang d^t dugc nhdng thanh tuu het sde to idn. Kinh td, chinh trj - xa hdi eua dat ndoc phit tn§n,dn dinh, uy tin cua dit nudc trdn trudng qude ti khdng ngdng dUdc nang Idn.
r^ang cao chat lUang giao due dao tgo bic dai hgc ndi chung va chit^ lugng giing day Triet hoc Mac - Lenin ndi rieng la yeu cau khach quan nham xSy dgng ngudn nhan lue dap Ung si/phat trien cua dit nUdc trong giai doan mdi.
Giing dgy Triet hoc Mac - Lenin d cac trddng dgi hgc 6 nUdc ta hi$n nay c6 y nghia quan trong trong viec truyen thg, giio dgc quan diem cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu lUdng Ho Chi Minh, dudng Idi, chO truong cua Ding, chinh sich va phip lu$t cua Nha nUdc den vdi ngUdi hgc. Ddng thdi, hinh thinh ndn d ngudi hoc nhOng phim chat nhdn cich tot dgp vd chinh tri, dao ddc, Idi s6ng, hUdng din nhdng gia tri chdn, thi$n, ml tgo ndn nhdng can bd vda "hdng' vita
"chuyen" cho dit nUdc. De Triit hgc Mic - Ldnin thgc sg trd thinh mdn hgc cd sde hip din, Idi cudn, dat ddoc mgc dich yeu cau de ra, ngUdi thiy phii li ngUdi ddng hanh tich cge hudng din, giup dd ngddi hgc trong sudt tiin trinh mdn hgc.
TO KHOA: Vai tro cua ngddi thdy; c h i t Iddng gidng day; T r i i t hgc M d c - L£nin.
-> Nhan bai 11/5/2020 -> Nhan b^ fla chinti siia 02/6/2020 •» Ouygt dang 15/7/2020.
1. Dat van de
Triit hpc Mac - Lenin la mon hpc trang bi nln tang li luan OCT ban cho ngiroi hpc, qua do giiip ngucri hpc hinh thanh the giai quan, nhan sinh quan diing dan, khoa hoc.
Trong giai doan hien nay, viec nang cao chat lupng giang day Triet hpc Mac - Lenin 6 cac trutmg dai hpc (DH) c6 y nghTa dac biet quan trpng boi ngoai viec tac dpng true tiep den chii the la nguai hpc, Triit hpc Mac - Lenin con gop phan xay dung nen tang tu tucmg ciia xa hpi, nang cao nhan thiic cua nguai hpc ve dudng loi, chii tnrcmg, chinh sach ciia Dang, xay dimg niem tin, li tuong each mang cho the he sau. Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh timg khang dinh: "Khong c6 thay giao thi khong co giao due (GD)"
[ 1 ]. Trong nliung nam qua. Dang va Nha nuoc ta thucmg xuyen quan tam den vi?c xay dung dpi ngQ nha giao, coi do la nhiem vu trpng tam trong chien lupc phat trien, yeu to quyet dinh chat lupTig GD, dao tao. Nghi quyet Trung uonng 2 (khoa Vlll) da khSng dinh: "Giao vien la nhan to quyet dinh chat lupng GD va duac xa hpi ton vinh" [2].
Dieu 15, Luat GD dupe Quoc hpi thong qua va ban hanh nam 2005 da xac dinh: "Nha giao giO vai tro quyet dmh trong vi?c bao dam chat luong GD" [3].
Th^rc te cho thay, ngucri thay dong vai tro dSc bi?t quan trpng trong qua trinh GD dao t^o noi chung va trong giang d^y 6 bac DH noi rieng, trong do co vi?c giang day Triit hpc Mac - Lenin. Day la mon hpc thucmg dupe
giang day a nSm thii nhdt DH bcri chiic nSng trang bi the gioi quan, phucmg phap luan cho ngucri hpc. Nhimg a n5m hpc thu nhat, ngucri hpc con nhieu ba ng5, nhat la doi vai cac mon li luan co tinh trim tugng cao nhu Triet hpc Mac - Lenin. De nang cao chat lupmg giang d^y Triet hpc Mac - Lenin, nguoi thiy dong vai tro rat quan trpng.
Nguai thay can co phuang phap giang day phu hpp va s\f minh hpa thuylt phuc bSng cac vi dy sinh dpng, cy the.
Lam dupe nhu vay se giiip cho ngucri hpc chSng nhihig de hieu, nSm dupe kiln thiic mon hpc ma con cam nh$n dupe su gan gui ciia mon hpc voi cupe song. Ngu6i thay can giiip ngucri hpc lam quen, thich nghi voi kieu tu duy truu tucmg, tu duy khai quat, khong dung lai nhan thuc cac hien tupng qua be ngoai su vat, ma phii nhSn thiic li tinh, tim ra ban chat, quy luat ben trong sy v^t.
La mon hpc cd tinh trim tupng, tinh khai qudt cao, Triet hpc Mac - Lenin doi hoi nguoi thSy phai giang giai ro cac van de, gan nhiing van d l Ii l u ^ voi thyc tien cuOc s6ng dl 11 luan tro nen gSn giii va de hilu, de nhd. Tuy nhien, cung chn nh|tn thSy ring, khong phai mpi van dl Triit hpc diu CO thi cy the hoa mpt each r6 rang, bdi neu nhu vay, Triit hpc se m^t di tinh khai quat - mpt yiu to khong thi thilu khi xay dung cac hpc thuylt li lu^n khoa hpc, se lam cho li luan Triet hpc tro nen vyn vat, khong dung vai ban chdt ciia Triit hpc. Do \ay. ngucri thay cAn CO cai nhin bao quat, tong thi, nh|n rd vj tri, vai tro ciia
12 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DIJC VlfT NAM
timg vdn d l trong tdng thi mon hpc noi chung de co the li giai ro rang, gan npi dung vdi cdc liiih vyc trong ddi sdng xa hpi d l nhiing kiln thiic li luan khdng kho khan ma trd nen gSn gui.
Cdc mdn Ii luan ndi chung, Triit hpc Mac - Lenin noi rieng la mdn hpc duoc khdi qudt tir thyc tien, co nguon glc tii thuc tiln. Dd la he thdng cac khai ni^m, pham tni, quy lu^t, nguyen li dupe khai qudt tir thuc tien, phan dnh ban chat, tinh quy lu§t, sy van dpng va phat triin ciia cac su v^t hien tupng trong the gidi. Tuy nhien, thuc tiln ludn van ddng, hien ddi, do vay de li luan phan anh kip thdi thuc tiln, khdng xa rdi thuc tien, trong qua trinh gidng day, ngudi thSy phai gan li ludn vdi thuc tien, dung thyc tien de chiing minh, li giai mpt each khoa hpc, tranh gido dieu, dap khudn, may mdc. Mdi bai giang phai mang hcri thd cua cupe song, gan vdi nhiing quan diem, dudng ldi ciia Dang, nhiing van dl kinh te, chinh tri - x3 hOi cua dat nudc va tren thi gidi. Dieu nay se lam cho bdi giang ciia giang vien trd nen sinh dpng va cd siic loi cuon chii khdng chi la nhung con chii khd khan, kho hieu. Li luan dupe trang bi cho ngudi hpc phai trd thanh OCT sd khoa hpc cua the gidi quan duy vat bien chiing, giiip ngudi hpc cd the dung vung tren lap tnrdng duy vat bi^n chung de danh gid, xem xet cdc vdn dl thuc tiln dat ra, nghia la li luan phai trd thanh cdi soi dudng cho hoat dpng thuc tiln ciia con ngudi, ddng thdi li luan dy cin thudng xuyen dupe bd sung thuc tiln sinh ddng. Mudn v|iy, giang vien phai frd thanh cdu ndi giiip ngudi hoc hieu tir li lu^n din thyc tiln, tir hpc din hanh. Viec day vd hpc Triet hpc Mac - Lenin neu chi dung lai d li luan chung chung thi ngudi hpc rdt khd hilu bdi tinh trim hrpng vdn cd ciia nd. Do dd, hp khdng thdy dupe vai trd, gid tri, su cdn thiet ciia li luan, lai cang khdng bilt van dyng li ludn vao thyc tiln, ciing bdi vay ma ich lai cua vi?c hpc Triit hpc Mac - Lenin rdt han chi, khdng dat dupe myc dich dat ra.
Ben canh dd, Triet hpc Mac - Lenin la mon hpc mang djnh hudng chinh tri, nd khdng chi trang bi thi gidi quan, phucmg phap ludn ma cdn tde dpng den nhan sinh quan, tinh cam, nilm tin, li tudng, y thiic chinh tri ciia ngudi hpc. Nudc ta Idy chii nghia Mdc - Lenin, tu tudng Ho Chi Minh lam nen tdng tu tudng, kim chi nam cho hdnh dpng. Do vay, Triit hpc Mac - Lenm cang cd vai tr6 quan trpng trong dinh hudng nhan thiic cho ngudi hpc. Theo dd, ngudi thdy phai la ngudi nam vihig mpi dudng ldi, chii fruong, chinh sdch ciia Ddng, bilt vdn dyng li ludn vdo de Ii giai nhfing van de kinh te, chinh trj - xa hpi ciia dat nudc. Dong thdi, xay dung cho ngudi hpc tinh edm, nilm tin, Ii tudng v l nhimg vdn dl md hpc thuyet, Triit hpc Mdc - Lenin da chi ra nhu vl dau tranh giai cap, each mang xa hpi, ve con dudng di l^n Chii nghia xa hOi...
2. N o ! d u n g n g h i e n cijfu
2.1. Dac diem cua viec giang day mon Triet lioc Mac - Lenin d cac trudng dai hpc hien nay
Dpi ngii giang vien giang day Triit hpc Mac - Lenin d cac trudng DH hien nay hdu hit la nhihig ngudi thdy tam huylt vdi nghi, duoc dao tao diing chuyen nganh, cd trmh dp chuyen mon cao va ki nang su pham tdt. Nhilu giang vien cd kmh nghiem giang day Idu nam, dupe dao tao chuyen nganh d mpt sd hirdng DH danh tiing d nudc ngoai nen cd nang luc chuyen mdn va trinh dp ngoai ngii tdt. Day la dieu kien thudn lai de cac gidng vien tiep can vdi nhieu ngudn tdi lieu khdc nhau trong do cd nhihig tai lieu gdc. La nhung ngudi cd ban ITnh chinh tri viing vdng, cd pham chdt dao diic tdt, tin tudng vao dudng ldi ciia Dang, vao chi dp xa hdi chii nghia (XHCN). Phin da trong sd ho la nhiing giang vien khoa hpc xa hdi va nhdn van yeu nghe, yeu trd. Ban than mdi giang vien diu tich cue hpc tap ndng cao trinh dp, ddi mdi phuang phdp giang day, tich cue nghien cihi khoa hpc.
Tuy nhien, Triet hpc Mac - Lenin la mdn hpc cd tinh khai quat hoa, truu tugng hda cao va dupe bieu dat bing he thdng cdc khai niem, pham trii, nguyen li, quy luat.
Them vao dd, day la he thdng hpc thuyet khoa hpc cd tinh han lira cao, viec giang day thudng khdng cd md hinh thyc nghiem hay iing dyng, true quan. Do do, vi?c md hinh hda bai giang ciing rat khd khan. Viec tmyen thy kien thuc chu yiu la theo phuong phap thuylt trinh. Do vay, cac khai mem, pham trii vdn da trihi tugng se cang trd nen khd hilu, lam cho ngudi hpc dl chan nan, thieu tich cue va hpc theo kieu ddi phd. Mpt sd giang vien chua dinh hudng va khuyin khich vi?c hpc tap ciia SV, chua dua nhimg van dl thuc tien dat ra, nhat la nhung vdn de mdi cua ddt nudc, the gidi de giai thich, chiing minh tinh dung dan cua li ludn trong qua trinh gidng day. Do dd, bdi gidng thieu siic hap din. Vi?c gidng day thudng chi chii trpng den npi dung ma it chii y den tinh dinh hudng chinh tri, trang bi lap trudng giai cdp cho ngudi hpc. Vi viy, dimg trudc nhihig vin de chinh tri - xa hpi ciia dat nudc, nhieu SV thudng danh gid xem xet mpt cdch edm tinh hoac hua theo sd ddng.
Trudc sy phat hien manh me ciia cupe Cdch mang cdng nghipp 4.0 hien nay, viec giang day Triet hpc Mac -Lenin d cdc trudng DH cd nhieu dieu kipn thuan Ipi nhu: Sy phong phii, da dang ve thdng tin, ngudn tai lieu phuc vu cho qua trinh day vd hpc; Giang vien cd dieu kien ap dyng cdc phuong tien day hpc hipn dai; Ket ndi mtemet van vat lam tu duy con ngudi trd nen nang dpng, nhay ben, siic sang tao va cdc kT ndng cua con ngudi cd dilu kien dupe phat huy. Tuy nhien, sy phdt trien manh me ciia kinh tl, cong nghe thdng tin cung tao ra nhieu
"Id hdng", nhdt Id vl mat chinh tri, tu mdng. Ngudi hpc thudng coi nh? cdc mdn li ludn vi cho rang, chiing khdng giup ich gi cho nganh hpc hoac cdng vi?c ciia hp sau nay.
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NGHIEN c a u Li L U A N
Hp mac dinh day la mdn hgc kho khan, nhdm chdn, tir dd c6 thai dp tieu eye ddi vdi mdn hpc. Do dd, trd thanh lyc can khdng nhd doi vdi ngudi thay bdi nd tac ddng tdi tim li, tinh cam, nhi?t huyet ciia ngudi thay trong qua trinh giang day Vi quan nipm Triet hpc la mdn hpc chung nen cac tnrdng thudng td chiic Idp hpc ddng, sT sd SV trong giang dudng cd thi len den tir 100 - 200 SV. Dilu nay gay khd khan cho viec dp dung phucmg phap day hpc tich eye cua giang vien.
Hien nay, gidng vien giing day Triet hpc d cdc trudng DH hau het deu cd trinh dp tir thac sT den tien sT. Tuy nhien, cac nganh dao tao giang vien Triet hpc cGng it thu hiit dupe SV gidi, diy cung la nhdn td dnh hudng den chat lugng dpi ngii gidng vien gidng day mdn Triet hgc.
Them vao do la sy chdng pha ciia cac the lyc thii dich vdi chiln luge "diln biin hda binh" ddi vdi each mang nudc ta bang each Ihiic day "ty dien bien", "ty chuyen hda" ngay cang tinh vi, phiic tap. Chiing xuyen tac chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, phu nhan vai trd Idnh dao ciia Ddng, giy chia re, mdt doan ket trong Dang. Dilu nay tic dgng tieu eye tdi tam li, niem tin ciia SV - nhiJng ngudi chua cd nen tdng tu tudng vCrag vang.
Vipe xiy dung ngudn nhdn luc chit lugng cao dap iing dugc y8u cau ciia su nghiep cdng nghifp hda, hien dai hda ddt nudc hien nay khdng chi ddi hdi ve Ui thirc, kl ning, kinh nghiem mi cdn phai cd y thiic chinh tri tot, bin Imh chinh tri vihig vang. Triet hpc Mac - Lenin la mpt trong nhung mdn hpc sS trang hi cho ngudi hpc di6u nay. Ben canh nhiing yiu td cin thiet khac cua mpt quy trmh ddo tao thi vai trd ciia ngudi thiy cin dugc phit huy dl mdi gid giang trd thanh gid hpc thii vi, bd ich ciia ca ngudi day va ngudi hpc.
2.2. Mpt so gidi phdp phat huy vai trd cua ngudi thay nh^m nang cao chat lUdng giang day mon Triet hoc Mac - Lenin d cdc tnrdng dai hpc hien nay
2.2.1. NgUdi thay can cd bdn linh chinti tri vOng vang, cd y thilc chinh tri vd pham chai dan ddc tdt
D I nang cao chit lugng giang d^y mdn Triit hgc Mac - Lenin d cac trudng DH hipn nay, ngudi thay khdng chi edn cd trinh dp chuyen mdn, nSng lyc, phuang phap giang day phii hpp ma cin phdi cd ban linh chinh tri, phdm chat dao diic va nilm tin vao che dp, dudng ldi, quan dilm ciia Ddng. Ddy la phim chat can phai cd d moi giang vien cac mdn li ludn ndi chung va Triet hgc Mac -Lenin ndi rieng bdi tinh dac thii rieng ciia mdn hpc nay. Giang vien Triet hgc Mac - Lenin la ngudi tryc tiep truyln thy kiln thiic Ii lugn trong dd cd nhimg npi dung cua chii nghia duy vat lich sir. Ddy la nhung npi dung cd lien quan din dudng ldi quan diem cua Ddng ta, su phat triin ciia dit nudc theo con dudng XHCN. Do vay, ngudi thiy phai la ngudi thyc sy thdm nhuan hi tudng ciia chii nghia Mdc - Lenin, diing vihig tren lip trudng cua giai
cdp cdng nhan mdi cd thi tmyIn dat din ngudi hpc tn thiic, niem tin ddi vdi mdn hpc.
Triit hpc Mdc - Lenin thyc chdt la vu khi li luan cua giai cdp vd sdn dugc hmh thdnh va phat trien trong cugc diu tranh giua giai cdp vd sdn vdi giai cap tu san. Do la hoc thuylt khoa hpc va cdch mang, trang bi cho nhurig ngudi cin lao, tdng idp bi dp biic bdc lot trong xa hpi tu bdn. Nd chi ra cho giai cdp vd san con duong dau tranh lat dd giai cip thdng tri va tien tdi xay d^mg xi hpi mdi khdng cdn dp birc, bdc lot, khdng cdn giai cdp, nha nudc. Hien nay, chu nghia tu bdn (CNTB) da thay ddi d l thich nghi, cd nhimg dilu chiiih de phii hgp vdi sy phit triin cua xa hpi vd cung la dl duy hi su ton t?i va phat hiin cua chiing. Tuy nhien, nhimg mau thuan frong Idng xa hpi hi ban chii nghia m i C. Mac, Ph. Angghen, V.l. Lenin da chi ra vin chua biin mit ma vdn tdn t^i dai ding trong long xa hpi tu ban. Trong Cuong linh xay dyng dit nudc (Bd sung, phat triin nam 2011), Dang ta khing dinh: "Nhiing mau thudn co bdn vdn cd ciia CNTB, nhdt la mdu thuin giua tinh chdt xS hpi hda ngay cang cao ciia lyc lupng sdn xudt vdi che dp ehiem hiiu nr nhan TBCN ching nhiing khdng gidi quylt dupe md ngiy cang trd nen sau sic. Khung hoang kinh te, chmh hi, xa hpi vin tilp tiic xay ra. Chmh sy v^n dpng cua nhiJng miu thuin ngi tai dd va cupe dau tranh ciia nhdn dan lao dgng se quylt dmh van mpnh cua CNTB " [4].
Tren thuc tl, vin cdn tdn tai mpt sd dilm nhu: mOt so ngudi day khi phan tich cdc hifn tupng chinh tri - xd hpi cua dat nudc ta trong thdi ki qua dp hipn nay chi nhm thdy cdi xdu, len an, phe phan cai tieu eye trong xa hdi nhu tinh trang tham 6, tham nhiing, xudng cdp ve m$t dao diic cua mpt sd cdn bg, dang vien, tir dd quy ket nhilu vdn de ma khdng thay dupe tac hgi ciia nd. SV, nhdt la nhimg ngudi tre cd vdn sdng it, phan Idn trong so hp trinh dp li luan chinh tri cdn thdp, chua du kha ndng de phan bac trudc nhung ludng thdng tin xdu dpc. Do vgy, nlu ngudi thdy khdng dinh hudng cho hg, khdng cd su giang gidi, phin tich mpt each khach quan, chi thay cai tieu eye, han che ma khdng d l cap din m$t tich eye, uu dilm thi vd hmh chung ngudi day da hudng nhdn quan ngudi hpc di theo each nhin mdt chieu tieu eye.
Dieu nay cd tac hgi rat Idn trong vipe hinh thdnh the gidi quan, nhdn sinh quan cua ngudi hgc.
Hon ai hit, ngudi thay can hilu dugc ban chdt tot dpp ciia che dp XHCN ma dat nudc ta dang xay dyng, dong thdi cd tinh edm, nilm tin sdu sic vao dudng ldi, chu truang, chinh sdch ciia Dang. Ddnh gid nhihig m?it hgn che, nhiing van de cdn tdn tgi cua dat nudc trong thdi ki qud dp phdi dya tren quan dilm khach quan, toan dipn, lich sii cy thi. Cd nhu vdy, ngudi thdy mdi cd thi fruyen dgt kiln thiic cho ngudi hgc, nilm tin vao hpc thuylt khoa hpc Mac - Lenin, ddng thdi xay dyng cho ngudi hpc niem tin ddi voi Dang, voi dit nudc va chi
TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
dp XHCN ma chiing ta dang xiy dyng. Ngudi thdy phii [a ngudi ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec hinh thdnh a ngudi hpc nhdn sinh quan trong sang va the gidi quan diing din, nhdt Id Uong viec xem xet, dinh gii nhimg vin dl chinh hi - xd hOi cua dit nudc, hi do xiy dyng niem tin vdi Ding, vdi nhan dan vd cd nhimg ddng gdp tich cue vdo su nghiep xay dyng chu nghTa xa hgi d nudc ta.
Ngudi thdy can khdng ngiing hpc tap ning cao trinh dp, h"ong dd cd trinh dp li ludn chinh tri. Tich cue trau dii, ren luyen dgo ditc, xay dyng ldi sdng lanh manh, qua do tao dyng mem tin, uy tin doi vdi ngudi hgc. Diy la yiu td rat quan trpng bdi ngudi gidng day li luin khdng thi khdng cd hieu biet ve Ii luin chinh tri hay phim chat dgo diic kem. Day dupe xem la "giiy chimg nhin" de tir do ngudi thiy xay dyng niem tin ddi vdi ngudi hpc.
2.2.2. Thddng xuyen nang cao chat lUdng bai giang, cap nhat kjp thdi nhdng thdng tin mdi
Ndng cao chit lugng bai giang la yeu ciu bit bupc ddi vdi mli giing vien ndi chung va giang vi6n day Triet hpc ndi rieng. Mdi bai gidng khdng chi giang mgt Idn la xong dii dd la bdi giing tdt. Li ludn se trd nen khd ciing neu khdng duoc thudng xuyen cgp nhgt nhirng vdn de thyc tiln ndng hdi, mang tinh thdi sy. La mgt mdn li lu$n, Tri8t hpc Mdc - Lenin cin dugc gan lien vdi thyc tiln ddi sdng xa hpi, ddt nude, bdi qua dd, li ludn se thudng xuyen dugc cap nhdt, bd sung nhirng tri thirc mdi va phan anh kip thdi su van dpng bien ddi ciia thuc tiln.
CMic, Ph. Angghen, V.l. Lenin ludn nhin mgnh den su can thiet phai bd simg, phat trien dii Ii luan ciia cic dng dupe xem ii each mang, khoa hpc nhit. Gan Ii luan vdi thyc tien cimg la cdch lam cho 11 luin Triet hpc Mic - Lenin trudng tdn bdi nd dap img dugc sy van dpng va bien doi ciia thyc tiSn. Do dd, ning eao chit lupng bai gidng khdng chi la dp dung nhihig phucmg tien dgy hgc hi?n dgi ma nd cdn phdi la sy dao siu, md rpng nhimg kien thiic chuyen nganh cd lien quan, gan Ii lugn nhiing vdn d8 thyc tiln ddt ra, qua dd lam sang td hon nhiing lu^n di^m ciia Triet hpc Mac - Lenin, lam cho mdn hpc hd nen thii vi va Idi cudn ddi vdi ngudi hpc.
Mdi giing vien can phdi xem viec ndng cao chat lugng bdi giang Id yeu cdu cd tinh thudng xuyen va cdn thiit, tut dd chii dpng, sang tao trong vipe truyen thy kiln thirc cho ngudi hpc tren co sd nen tang chung ciia mdn hpc.
Giang vien can tich eye hpc, dpc tdi lieu, thu thgp nhung thdng tin Ii6n quan den bdi gidng de kip thdi bd sung vdo bdi giang. Kho tang tri thiic Triet hpc ciia nhan logi Id vo t ^ , h-ong dd nhilu vin d l vdn chua dupe khai thic het vd Triit hpc Mac - Lenin Id mgt bg phan h-ong ddng chay Triet hpc dy. Do vgy, de hieu diing ve Triet hpc Mac - Lenin, giang vien cdn cd cdc kiln thiic toan dien ve Triet hgc va kiln thiic ciia mpt so chuyen nganh cd lien quan nhu: Todn hpc. Vat Ii, Ldgic, Xa hpi hpc,...
Them vao do, diy Ii mdn hpc cd tinh li lugn chinh tri cao nen giing vien phdi la ngudi hilu ro vl dudng Idi, chil truang, chinh sich ciia Ding, thudng xuyen cap nhit nhimg thdng tm chinh tri - xa hgi ciia dat nudc va tren the gidi de van dung vao bai gidng, lam cho bii giing ciia minh trd nen sinh dpng, hap dan.
Doi vdi nhihig gidng vien tre, cin cd tmh thin ciu thi, hpc hdi nhimg giing vien di trudc, tich cue chuin bj bai gidng, tien hanh thuc luyen, thdng qua. Ddng thdi, cin tich cue tham gia viet bai hdi thao khoa hpc, tgp chi, vilt de tai, tai heu, bdi khi nghien cuu mot vin de ndo dd budc cac giang vien phii tim tdi tdi lieu, thu thip thdng tin va giai quyet nhung vin de dat ra. Tir dd, hinh thanh nen phuong phap, tic phong lam viec khoa hoc, hipu qui. Do vgy, nghien ciiu khoa hpc la vdn dl khdng thi thilu ciia mdi giang vien, qua qua trinh nghien cCru khoa hpc giing vien da ty trang bi cho minh nhung kien thiic chuyen sdu, tir do gdp phin ning cao chat lupng gidng day.
2.2.3. Can dp dung cac phUdng phdp day hgc tich ciic phu hdp vdi mon hoc va sif dung cd hieu qud cdc phUdng tien day hpc hien dai
Triet hpc Mdc - Lenin Id mpt mdn H luin, do vgy de gid giang dgt dupe hieu qud, ngudi day thudng sii dyng tdng hgp nhilu phucmg phap nhu: thuylt trinh, neu vin de, ggi md, tao tinh hudng, ... Trong cac phuong phip do, thuyet trinh vin la phuong phap chii dao. Tuy nliien, thuyet trinh phii cd ddi mdi, each tan theo hudng kich thich tinh tich cue cua ngudi hpc. NghTa la, trong thuyet trinh ed neu vdn de, phat vdn, tao tinh hudng, ngudi hgc eiing tham gia de trdnh sy budn te trong mdi budi hpc.
Ngudi thiy phdi can cii vao timg ndi dung bdi giing, ddi tugng, phuang tien vd dilu kien vdt chit de sii dung cac phuang phap sao cho dem lai hipu qud cao nhat.
Ddi vdi Triit hgc Mac - Lenin, de iam sang td cdc khai niem, pham trii, quy luat, nguyen li trong Triet hgc vdn cd tinh trim tugng vi tinh khai quit cao, gidng vien thudng gidng gidi, phin tich dudi hinh thiic diln dich hogc quy nap, hie Ii sir dung phuong phdp thuyet trinh.
Ddng thdi, dk dl hilu khi thuylt uinh, giang vien hay diing thu phap din ngudi hpc hi cdi hp da biet den cdi hp cdn phai biet thdng qua cdc vi dy sinh dgng, nghTa la di tiir cu thi din trim tupng, tir don le den khii quit. Nhung khi giing phan y nghTa phuong phdp lugn dugc nit ra tir cac nguyen li, quy ludt, thi gidng vien cd the sir dung cac phuong phdp neu vdn de, ggi md, tgo tmh hudng de ngudi hpc suy nghT, ty li giii, t^ lien he, van dyng vao hogt dpng nhin thiic va thyc tiln nhim phat huy tinh tich cue, sang tgo ciia hg. Mat khac, cdn nhgn thiic ring, dii dp dung phuong phdp gidng dgy ndo thi cimg phai nhSm dat dupe muc tieu Id giiip cho ngudi hpe de hieu bdi. nSm dugc bin chdt ciia vdn de; Kich thich dugc tu duy sang tao, tinh tich eye ciia ngudi hgc; Biet van dyng li luin
NGHl£NCl]rULILUAN
vao thuc tien; Gid giang hip din, thu hut ngudi hpc vd nhat la Iam cho hp hieu dugc y nghTa, gia trj, ich loi cua mdn hpc, tu dd hp yeu min radn hpc. Day ciing chinh la eai dich ma ngudi day phdi hudng den, ddng thdi ciing la cin cii de danh gia tinh hi8u qua ciia viec su dung phuong phap giang day.
Cdn thay rang, ddi vdi cdc mdn Ii luin Mac - LSnin ndi chung, Triet hgc ndi rieng, du dp dung phucmg tien day hgc hien dgi din ddu cung khong thi thay thi dugc vai trd cua ngudi thdy, khdng dugc ddng nhit viec su dung phuang tien giing dgy hien dai vdi phuong phip giing day hien dgi. Trong dieu kien hien nay, vdi sy phat trien eua intemet vi edng nghe thdng tin, ngudi hpc cd the tiep nhin tri thiic qua nhilu kenh khae nhau nhimg ngudi thay vdn ddng vai trd chu dao va quan trpng nhdt. Bdi le, ngudi thdy khdng chi don thuan cung cap Ui thirc mi cdn hudng dan, chi ra eho ngudi hpc hudng khai thac vd xii Ii thdng tin, giup hp khdng phai di dudng vdng trong qua tiinh nhin thiic chin li.
Chung ta phe phin kieu dgy: thay dpc, tid ghi may mdc va "hpc vpt", chii khdng phai phe phdn cich dgy: thdy gidng, trd ghi. Vi khi giing bai, thdng qua npi dung bdi gidng, each thiic vd phong thai gidng dgy, ngudi thdy tde ddng khdng chi den li tri ma cdn den tam li, tinh cam cua ngudi hpc, qua dd tao hirng thii cho ngudi hpc, giiip hp dl hieu bai, ddng thdi gdp phan hinh thanh d hp tinh cim, nilm tin, y chi, khdt vpng hudng tdi nhiing gia tri chan, thi^n, mi.
2.2.4. NgUdi thay can phdt huy tinh tich cUc cua sinh vien trong hpc tap va hUdng dan sinh vien lam quen vdi viec nghien ciSu khoa hpc
Hogt ddng day va hgc chi cd the dgt ket qua cao khi cd su tac ddng tich cue tir ca hai phia la ngudi day va ngudi hpc. Tuy vgy, de ngudi hgc thuc sy yeu thich mdn hpe nhit la mdn hpc U luin nhu Triet hgc Mdc - Lenin thi ngudi thdy ddng vai trd rat quan trpng. Do dd, de xda bd nhihig dinh kien khdng tdt ve mdn hgc, ngay tit nhiing budi dau, ngudi thdy phdi neu len nhimg Ipi ich, nhihig diem thii vi cua mdn hpc de khai day tiong ngudi hpc niem yeu thich ddi vdi Triet hpc. Qud trinh gidng day cdn thudng xuyen tuong tac, tiao ddi vdi ngudi hpc, qua dd timg budc phat huy tinh tich cue, chii dgng cua ngudi hpc trong vipe tim tdi, kham phi tri thiie ciia mdn hgc.
Trong Nghi quylt sd 29-NQ/TLI' Hdi nghi Trung uong 8 khda XI ngay 04 thang 11 nim 2013 "Vl ddi mdi can bdn, toan dien GD va ddo tgo, dap ung yeu cau cdng nghiep hda, hipn dai hda trong dieu kipn kinh tl thj tnrdng djnh hudng xa hgi chii nghTa va hpi nhgp qudc te". Dang ta da xac dyih quan diem chi dao: "Chuyen mgnh qua tiinh GD hi chii yiu uang hi kien thiic sang phdt trien toin dipn ndng lyc va phdm chat ngudi hpc". Theo dd, phdi triin khai thyc hipn cac nhiem vu, giai phap- "Nang
cao nhan tiuie vl vai trd quylt dinh chit lugng GD vd dao tao ciia dgi ngu nha giao va can bp quan Ii GD ...
Tilp tiJC ddi mdi mgnh me phuang phdp dgy va hgc theo hudng hidn dgi; Phdt huy tinh tieh cue, chii dgng, sarig tgo vd van dung kiln tiiirc, ki ning ciia ngudi hgc; Khdc phuc ldi tmyIn tiiu ip ddt mdt chilu, ghi nhd may mdc.
Tap tiung dgy each hpc, each nghT, khuyen khich ty hgc.
tao CO sd dl ngudi hpc tu cap nhgt va ddi mdi tri tiiiic, kl nang, phat tiiln nang lyc". Theo dd, ngudi tiiiy phii Id ngudi khoi ngudn sang tgo, kich thich tinh chu dgng, h'ch eye ciia ngudi hpc trong qua trinh hpc tap chii khdng chi truyln thu kiln thiic mpt chilu theo kieu "thdy giang - tid nghe", "tiidy dpc - tid chep" ma tiidy phdi la ngudi neu ra nhfing vin dl budc ngudi hpc phai chii dgng trong vipe nghien cim tai lieu, rich eye hi duy, tun kilm cau tii Idi cho mdi van de dat ra.
Thdo lugn la mdt hinh thiic dgy hpc quan ti-gng bdi n6 phat huy tmh chu dgng tich cue ciia ngudi hgc. Can ddm bdo thdi lugng thao luan dl dgt dugc muc dich, yeu cau dl ra. Ngudi thiy nen ggi md cho ngudi hgc nhOng chii dl thdo luin sat vdi ndi dung (neu chii de thao lugn do SV ty chpn), hudng din ngudi hpc thu thdp tii Ii$u, chudn bi thdo luin chu ddo. Cd till td chuc thanh cac nhdm de phdt huy tinh thin lam viec nhdm. Trong dilu hanh thao luin, ngudi day cdn khuyen khich chat van, tranh lugn, Idi cudn sy tham gia ddng dao ciia ngudi hpc, kich thich tinh tich cue, tu duy sang tao cua hg. Ddng thdi, ngudi thiy phai nhdn xet, danh gia tinh thin Iam vipe, sy hgp tac, chit lupng bai thao lugn,... ciia cac cd nhan vd nhdm SV (neu la thao luan nhdm), khich Ip, dpng vien diing miic, tao dgng luc de gia ting tinh tich cue cua ngudi hpc ttong hinh thiic dgy hpc nay.
Viec lim tieu luin ciing la mgt trong nhihig ngi dung quan ttpng ttong viec phat huy tich tich eye, ty gide, sang tao cua ngudi hpc. Diy dugc xem nhu mpt bdi tgp Idn d l qua dd ngudi hgc ren Iuy6n va hinh thanh khd nang ty hgc, ty nghien cihi chuyen sau, lam tien de cho vipe lim khda luan tdt nghipp vdo nam cudi. Trong khi hudng dan ngudi hpc lam tieu lugn, giang vien phai cdn cii vdo npi dung giang day, ndng luc ngudi hpc d l chgn chii de tieu ludn. Nhihig bai tieu luan se giiip ngudi hpc budc diu Iam quen vdi vipe nghien cuu khoa hgc, tii d6 hinh thanh phuong phdp va ren luypn ki ning nghien cuu khoa hpc cho ngudi hgc. Tuy nhien, giang vien can hudng din cy thi, ti mi, khuyin khich ngudi hgc ra^
dgn hudng din nhimg vin dl khoa hgc cdn bd ngd. Qua nhihig bai tgp tdn nay, ngudi day se din bdi dudng ki ning nghien cim khoa hgc dgc lap. tu giic, nghiem tuc cho SV, hi dd nang cao chdt lugng day vi hgc. Ngudi tiiiy ciing nen khuyin khich ngudi hgc vilt bdi bdo khoa hgc. hoSc Iam de tai khoa hgc vira siic bdi nd giup ngudi hgc phdt hipn vin de, thu th|p, tim t6j tdi lipu c6 lien quan, giai quyet van dl, tir dd, hinh thiiui khd ning 16 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
tu duy khoa hpc, kT ndng lam viec ddc lap va lira viec nhom d ngudi hgc. Thyc tl cho thiy, nhiing SV trong qua tiinh hgc tap tai trudng tich cue nghien cuu khoa hpc thi sau khi tdt nghipp ra tiirdng kha nang lam viec dpc lap, lam viec nhdm va nang lyc nghien cuu hogc Idm vipe chuyen sau tdt htm so vdi nhimg SV it tham gia nghien cim khoa hgc.
3. Ket lu#n
Ndng cao chat lupng gidng dgy ndi chung va mdn Triit hpc Mac - Lenin ndi rieng d cac trudng DH hien nay ludn la vdn dk dugc cac tmdng DH quan tam va diu tu. Ben cgnh nhiing yiu td nhu hp thdng co sd vat chit, CO che dao tgo, tinh than, ttdch nhiem ciia ngudi
hpc thi khdng the thieu vai trd ciia ngudi thay. Do vgy, viec phat huy hon nira vai trd ciia ngudi thay tai cdc tmdng DH la viec lam can thiet diu bilt ring vdi cdp hpc nay, ngudi hpc khdng cdn phdi dua vio thiy "cam tay chi viec". Tuy viy, Triet hgc Mic - Lenin la mdt radn khoa hpc mang tinh trim tupng cao, de mdn hpc thuc sy dat dugc muc dich yeu ciu de ra thi van rdt cin su sat canh cua ngudi thay de ngudi hpc cd the nam dugc ndi dung radn hpc va vCrng tin khi tiep can cac mdn khoa hpc khic, ddng thdi ciing giiip trang bi cho ngudi hpc the gidi quan khoa hpc, cich mgng, lam co sd cho viec xiy dung nen tang li luin xa hdi d nudc ta trong giai doan hien nay.
Tii lifu tham khio
[1] H6 Chi Minh: Todn tgp, (2011), tip 10, NXB Chinh tri Quic gia, H^ N^i, tr.345.
[2] Ding Cpng san Vi?t Nam, (1997), Van kiin Hpi nghi Idn thir 2 Ban Chdp hdnh Trung ucmg Ddng (khod Vlll), NXB Chinh trj Quic gia, H i N^i.
[3] Lugt Gido due, (2005), NXB Chinh tri Quic gia, Ha Npi.
[4] Dang Cgng san Vi^t Nam, (2011), Van kiin Dgi hoi dgi bieu todn quoc Idn thu XII, Van ph6ng Trung ucmg Dang, Hi NOi,
[5] Nguyin Thi Kim Oanh, Gidi phdp ndng cao chdt lupng gidng dgy cdc mon khoa hpc Mdc - Lenin vd tu tu&ng Ho Chi Minh & Tru&ng Dgi hpc Nguyen Hue hiin nay. Tap chi Khoa hpc-Tnrcrag Dai hpc Dong Nai, so 16-4/2020 [6] Vu Van Gau, (2020), Gidng dgy Triet hgc Mdc - Lenin trong truang dgi hgc khoa hpc xa hoi vd nhdn van - thifC trgng vd gidi phap, Hpi thao khoa hpc Doi moi phucmg phip giang day theo tin chi, Thinh pho Ho Chi Minh.
THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MARXIST - LENINIST PHILOSOPHY TEACHING AT UNIVERSITIES TODAY
Le Ttii Huong Nguyen Hue University HT3CB 37. Bien Hoa city, Dong Nai Province, Vietiam Email' huonglelq2@gmail com
ABSTRACT: In the context of renovation, Vietnam has currently made great achievements. The country's economic, social - political development is stable, and the prestige of the country in the international arena is constantly being raised, improving the quality of higher education in general and the quality of Marxist - Leninist philosophy teaching in particular is an objective requirement to build human resources to meet the country's development in Ihe new period. Teaching Marxist - Leninist philosophy in universities in our country today has an important meaning in propagating and educating learners about the views of Marxism • Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought, guidelines and policies of The Party, policies and laws of the State. At the same time, developing good qualities of politics, morality, and beautiful values for learners, thereby creating workers who have both ethical quality and working ability. In order for Marxist - Leninist philosophy to truly become an attractive subject, teachers should be an active companion to guide and assist their learners throughout the course.
KEYWORDS: The role of teachers; the quality of teacfiing; Marxist - Leninist philosophy.
