Nang cao chat liTofng
nguon von tin dung chmh sach xa hoi of t?nh Dien Bien
• • v d TH! THUY DCfdNG TH] HOA PHiTdNG"
Tdm t^t
Bdi Viet khdi qudt ke't qud dgt duac, edng nhu mgt so hgn che trong qud trinh tnen khai^nguojt vdn tin dung chinh sdch xa hdi d tinh Dien Bien. Nghien cdu edng de xudt mot so gidi phap hdu hiiu nham gdp phdn thiie day nguon vdn ndy ldi cdc do'i tugng thu hudng mdt each hieu qua nhdt tren dia bdn Tinh.
Tuf khda: tin dung chinh sdch xd hgi, Dien Bien. nong ddn, hg ngheo, hg can ngheo, nguai ddn tgc
Summary
The paper outlines the achievements as well as some limitations in the implementation of social policy credit in Dien Bien province. It also proposes a number of effective measures to promote this source of capital to the beneficiaries in the province.
Keywords: social policy credu, Dien Bien, farmers, poor households, near-poor households, ethnic people
GlOl THIEU
Didn Bien Id dnh mien nui, ddn tdc thieu sd chie'm phan ddng, ty le bp ngheo, hd can ngheo cdn cao ndn ngudn vd'n dffdc xem nhff "ddn ba'y" giup ngffdi ngheo tren dia ban Tinh cd cd bdi thodt ngheo. Nhffng nam qua, nguon vd'n chinh sdch xd hpi da tap tmng trie'n khai nhiiu giai phdp tich cffc de cung cd', nang cao chd't Iffdng boat dOng tin dung, nham cung cd'p hieu qua nguon vd'n cbinh sdch cua Nha nffdc de'n tan tay ngffdi ngheo va cdc dd'i tffdng cbinh sdch khdc. Tuy nhien, qud trinh trid'n khai vdn cdn nhffng ban chd' cdn cd nhieu giai phdp ddng bd d l khac phuc, nham giup nguon vd'n nay tdi cdc ddi tffdng thu hffdng mdt each hieu qua nha't.
KET QUA DAT DUOC
De' thffc hien muc ddu giam ngheo mdt cdch cd ban va ben vffng, tin dung chinh sdch xa hpi la mdt trong nhffng giai phdp trong tam dffdc Dang vd Nhd nffdc hffdng tdi. Theo dd, ngay 22/11/2014, Ban Bi thff Trung ffdng Dang da ban hdnh Chi thi so 40-CT/TW ve tdng cffdng sff lanh dao cua Dang dd'i vdi tin dung chinh sdch xa hdi.
Trong thdi gian qua, tinh Dien Bien da kip thdi ban bdnh cdc quye't djnh, vdn ban chi dao thffc hien Chi thi sd' 40-CT/TW, dien hinh la: Quyd't dinh sd771/QD-UBND,
ngay 14/06/2016 cua UBND Tinh v l vide ban hanh kd' hoach thffc hidn Chi thi sd 40-CT/TW, ngdy 22/11/2014 cua Ban Bi thff Trung ffdng Dang ve tdng cffdng sff lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi tin dung chinh sdch xd hdi; Vdn ban so 1989/UBND-TM, ngay 30/06/2016 ve vide tang cffdng cdng tac thffc hidn chinh sdch tin dung xa bdi ldm cdn cff de cdc cd'p, cdc nganh trien khai thffc hidn.
Tff nhffng cdn cff quan trpng neu tren va tff sff quan tam chi dao cua Tinh uy, HDND, UBND Tinh, Ngdn bang Chinh sdch xa hdi chi nhanh tinh Didn Bien da thffdng xuydn bam sdt cac nghi quyd't, chi thi, hffdng ddn cua cd'p drdn va cdc chffdng trinh, ke' hoach phat tiiin kinh te' - xd hdi dia phffdng de tham mffu trong cdng tac rd sodt, xdc nhdn ddi tffdng vay vd'n theo quy dinh lam cdn cff giai ngan nhanh chdng ngudn vd'n vay ffu dai dffdc giao.
Cu the: Ngdn hang Cbinh sdch xa hdi chi nhdnh rinh Didn Bien da trie'n khai cho vay 19 chffdng trinh tin dung, nhff:
Cho vay hd mdi thodt ngheo; vay vd'n hd trd lam nha; vay trdng rffng san xud't; vay im dat mua, thud nhd d xa hpi.. De''thyc
*ThS., "ThS , Khoa Kinh te - Tai chinh, Trirang Cao ding Kinh te - Ky thuat Dien Bign Ngav nhdn bdi. 27/02/2020; Ngdy phdn bien 18/03/2020; Ngdy duyel ddng: 19/03/2020
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hien td't cac chinh sach uu ddi, dffa nguon vd'n vay de'n dung dd'i tffdng, nhffng nam qua, Ngdn hdng Chinh sdch xa bdi cbi nhanh tinh Didn Bien vd phdng giao dich tai cdc huyen, thi xa, thdnh phd' da phd'i hdp chat che, hieu qua vdi cdc td chffc chinh tri - xd hdi nhdn uy thdc cho vay vd'n, nhff: Hdi Ndng ddn, Hdi Lien hiep Phu nff, Hpi Cffu chie'n binb, Doan Thanh nien. Ngdn hang Chinh sdch xa hdi chi nhanh tinh Didn Bien dd chi dao cac phdng giao dich thffc hidn nghidm vide nSng mffc cho vay td'i da chffdng tnnh tin dung dd'i vdi bp san xud't, kmh doanh tai viing khd khan; thffdng nhdn boat ddng thffdng mai tai vung khd khan; hoc smh, sinh vien cd hoan canh khd khdn vd nffdc sach vd smh mdi b-ffdng; ddng thdi giam Iai sud't cho vay dd'i vdi mdt sd' chffdng trinh tin dung ffu dai khac.
Theo UBND tinh Didn Bien (2019), sau 5 ndm triln khai thffc hidn Chi thi sd' 40-CT/TW cho thd'y, tong ngudn vd'n tin dung chinh sach trong toan Tinh tinh de'n cud'i nam 2018 dat 2.686.579 tridu ddng, tang 1 060.379 tridu ddng so vdi ndm 2014. Trong dd, ngudn vd'n trung ffdng Id 2.574.449 tridu ddng, chie'm 95,8%; nd'u nhff ndm 2014, ty Id giai ngan 17 chffdng trinh tin dung chinb sdch cho 16.416 hd vdi tdng sdtien la 406.355 tneu ddng, thi dd'n ndm 2018 la 110.906 hO, 3.353.340 trieu ddng. Td'ng dff nd dd'n ngay 31/12/2018 Id 2.682.334 tridu ddng, tdng 1.065,187 tridu ddng so vdi ndm 2014, trong dd, dff nd dd'i vdi dong bao ddn tdc thie'u so' theo cac chffdng trinh tin dung, nhff: cho vay hd ngheo, can nghdo, bd mdi thodt ngheo... Id 87.862 hd vdi td'ng so'tien 2.366 189 trieu ddng.
Dang chu y, trong giai doan 2014- 2018, chinh quyen cac ca'p tinh Didn Bidn da chuye'n bo sung ngudn vdn tff ngan sdch dia phffdng de' cho vay hd ngheo va cac dd'i tffdng chinh sach khdc la 18.608 tridu ddng, trong do cd'p Tinh la 12.500 trieu ddng, cdn lai Id cdc dia phffdng trong Tinh, diin hinh nhff: huyen Mffdng Ang 1.180 tridu ddng, huydn Dien Bidn 500 trieu ddng..., qua dd dd nang td'ng so' vd'n Idn 26.330 tridu ddng vao cud'i nam 2018.
Ben canh dd, Tinh da giao va chi dao Ngdn hang Chinh sdch xa hdi chi nhanh tinh Dien Bien trie'n khai ke' hoach boat ddng, cac chi tidu kd'hoach tin dung dam bao theo quy dmh, ndn hang nam tdng trffdng dff nd tren 10% doanh sd' cho vay
5 ndm (2014-2018) dat tren 3.353 ty ddng, cd 110.906 Iffdt khach hang dffdc vay vdn, gan 6 nghin lao ddng dffdc tao them viec Iam tff vd'n vay Quy Qudc gia giai quyd't vide Idm; gan 13 nghin cdng trinh nffdc sach va vd sinh mdi trffdng ndng thdn dffdc xay dffng mdi hoac sffa chffa, ndng cd'p; 1.892 can nhd d cho hp ngheo dffdc xdy dffng . Mat khdc, cdc chffdng trinh tin dung cbinh sach phan Idn dffdc giai ngdn tdi 90% ddng bdo ddn tdc thie'u sd' da gdp phan tich eye Iam chuyen bien nhan thffc, cai tie'n phffdng phap lao ddng, ddc bidt cac chffdng trinh tin dung ddnh ridng cho hp dong bao ddn tdc thie'u sd ddc biet khd khan da giup ngffdi dan tff tin, vffdt qua chinh minh, manh dan vay vd'n dau tff san xuat, kinb doanh, Idm nhd d va cff tru on dmh . Qua dd ban ch^ dffdc nan di cff tff do, ndng cao chd't Iffdng cupc sd'ng cua ngffdi ddn vung sdu, vung xa, vung khd khdn.
Ke't qua ndi trdn dd gdp phan quan trpng trong cdng cudc xdy dffng, phat trid'n kmh td' - xa hdi, dam bao qud'c phdng - an ninh cua tinh Didn Bidn, Noi bdt Id td'c dd tang trffdng GDP hang nam (2014-2018) deu dat tren 6,5%/ndm; cd cd'u kinb te' cd bffdc chuyen dich tich eye theo hffdng xdc dinh, nhieu md hinh san xudl, chdn nudi cd hidu qua; ty Id hd ngheo hang ndm giam tff 3%-4% so vdi nam trffdc; ddi sd'ng vdt cha't vd tinh than cua nhdn ddn dffdc cai thidn ro rdt; long bn cua ddng bdo cde ddn tdc dd'i vdi Dang, Nhd nffdc dffdc tang cffdng, cung cd'.
Theo Ngan hang Chinh sdch xa hdi chi nhdnh tinh Didn Bidn, dd'n bd't thdng 11/2019, 22 chffdng binh tin dung cua Ngdn hdng Cbinh sdch xd hdi chi nhdnh dnh Didn Bien da tie'p can cho vay bdn 18.300 Iffpt bp ngheo, hd can ngheo, bp mdi thoat ngheo vd cdc dd'i tffdng chinh sdch tai 100% xa, phffdng trong toan tinh vdi tdng doanh sd' cho vay dat tren 754 ty ddng. Trong dd, cho vay rfu dai hd ngheo gan 316 ty ddng; hd cdn nghdo tren 122,3 ty ddng; hd mdi thodt ngheo gdn 51 ty dong; cho vay hd gia dinh san xud't, kinh doanh tai vung khd khdn khoang 168 ty ddng;^cho vay giai quyd't vide lam hdn 33,7 ty dong.. gdp phan ndng td'ng dff nd cua Ngdn hang Chinh sdch xa hdi cbi nhanh tinh Dien Bidn dat bdn 2.900 ty ddng, vdi 94.540 khdch hang dff nd. Ngudn vd'n Ngdn hang Cbinh sach xa bdi ehi nhdnh tinh Dien Bidn dd gdp ph^n tao vide Iam cho gan 800 lao ddng; hd trd cho vay xdy dffng gan 540 nhd d cho hp ngheo.. (Thu Hang, 2020).
MOT sd HAN CHE
Mac dii dat dffde nhffng kd't qua kha quan trong, song vide trie'n khai thffc hidn cdc chffdng trinh tin dung chinh sdch xd hdi tren dia bdn tinh Didn Bien gap khdng it nhffng khd khan, thach ^thffc. Theo dd^^
vide tid'p nhdn, phd bie'n, qudn tnet, trid'n khai d mot sd' ca'p uy Dang cd sd cdn chffa dffdc quan tdm dung mffc.
Vide bd tri ngudn vd'n uy thac cua mdt sd dia phffdng cho Ngan hang Chinh sdch xd hdi chi nhdnh tinh Dien Bidn cdn thd'p. Bdn canh do, dpi ngu can bd tai mdt sd' td chffc hdi, doan the' d cd sd Iam cdng tdc uy thdc thffdng xuydn thay dot nen chffa ndm chac nghidp vu...
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Hdn nffa. theo UBND tinh Dien Bien (2019), nd xd'u vdn tin dung chinh sdch xa hdi tren dia bdn Tinh cdn kha cao, nd khdng ed kha nang thu hdi Idn, theo dd, np xd'u dd chid'm ty Id 0,45% tren tdng dff np. Tinh de'n cud'i nam 2018, td'ng sd'nd khdng cd kha nang thu hdi Id 24.010 trieu ddng, chie'm ty Id 0,89% trdn td'ng dff nd. Ngoai ra, mdt sd' chffdng trinh tin dung trid'n khai cdn cham, chffa phdt huy dffdc hidu qua ciia chffdng trinh, did'n hinh nhff chffdng trinh tin dung cho vay phdt trien kinh te'- xa hdi vung dan tdc thie'u sd'va miln nui theo Quye't dinh sd 2085/QD-tTg, ngdy 31/10/2016 cua Thu tffdng Chinh phu giai doan 2017-2020 de'n nay van chffa giai ngan dffdc
Nhffng khd khdn neu tren xud't phdt tff dieu kien kinh td' - xa hdi cua Didn Bien vd'n la mdt tinh mien nui, bien gidi da phan la ddng bao cdc dan tdc thie'u sd, dia ban rdng, ke't cd'u ha tang cdn nhieu khd khan, nha't Id dffdng giao thdng; phin Idn tap qudn san xua't cua ddng bao dan tdc thie'u so cdn lac hau, tff duy san xud't hang hda cdn ban che; mdt sd' hd gia dinh trong qud trinh sff dung vd'n vay gap rui ro do nhieu nguyen nhan khdch quan, nhff: gia dinh d'm dau, benh tdt, hda hoan, dich benh... Mat khac, cdng tac phoi - ke't hdp trong hoat dpng uy thdc thffc hidn cdc chffdng trinh tin dung chinh sdch giffa can bd ngdn hang va cdn bd hdi, doan the nhdn uy thdc d ca'p cd sd chffa thffdng xuydn. Phffdng phdp Idm vide chffa phd hdp vdi thffc td'dan de'n ngffdi ddn chffa nhan thffc ddy du ve quyen Ipi vd trdch nhidm trong quan he vay vd'n va sff dung vd'n chinh sdch. Cdng tdc long ghep cdc chffdng trinh khuye'n ndng, khuye'n Idm vdi viec sff dung vd'n vay cdn ban che', hieu qua sff dung vd'n chffa cao... da anh hffdng khdng nhd dd'n hidu qua cac ngudn vd'n chinh sach cho vay dd'i vdi dong bao ddn tdc thie'u so'.
GIAI PHAP TRONG THdl GIAN TCfl Muc rieu de'n ndm 2020 va cdc nam rie'p theo, Ngdn hang Chinh sdch xd hdi chi nhdnh tinh Dien Bidn phd'n dd'u 100% hd ngheo, hp can ngheo trong danh sdch va cdc ddi tffdng chinh sdch khdc thudc dd'i tffdng thu hffdng chinh sdch du dieu kien va cd nhu cau vay vd'n deu dffdc rie'p can ngudn vdn ffu ddi; long ghep vdi boat ddng hd bd ky thudt, chuye'n giao cdng nghe nham muc tidu giam ngheo nhanh va ben vffng, dam bao an sinh xa hdi .
De dat dffdc muc tidu ndi tren, theo chung tdi, can thffc hien cd hieu qua mdt so va'n de' sau:
Mgt Id, tang cffdng cdng tac kidm U-a cua ca'p liy dia phffdng dd'i vdi vi?c hidn cdc chinh sach tin dung; °^""f hieu qua cua ban dai didn ngan nan^
chinh sdch xd hoi cap huydn, tffng D ndng cao ndng lffc, sff chuydn nghiep uiu cac ban dai dien ca'p huydn; Ph^" 'i^"
ky hdn cac chinh sdch xa hpi. tff do long ghep tin dung chinh sach vdi cac chmn sdch xa hdi, nhff: dao tao nghe, viec lam, md rdng ddi tffdng, tang vdn uy ttiac ngdn sach dia phffdng. ,
Hai la, Ngdn hdng Chinh sach xa hoi chi nhdnh dnh Dien Bien tiep tuc phoi hdp chat che vdi cap uy, chinh quyen dia phffdng, cdc td chffc chinh tn - xa hdi nhdn uy thdc nang cao chat Iffdng tin dung, hoat ddng giao dich tai xa, hoat ddng cua cdc td rid't kiem vd^vay vdn. Thffdng xuydn rd sodt, thdng ke hd ngheo, hd cdn ngheo vd cdc ddi tffdng chinb sdch khde de tao dieu kien cho vay vd'n kip thdi.
Ba Id, thffdng xuyen Idm td't cdng tdc tuyen truyen, phd bie'n cac chu trffdng, chinb sach cua Dang va Nha nffdc ve tin dung chinh sach xd hdi de'n cdc tang Idp nhdn ddn, nhd't la ngffdi ngheo, hd ddng bdo ddn tdc thieu sd'cff tni tai vung sau, vung xa, vdng khd khan vdi nhieu hinh thffc phu hdp vdi ngdn ngff, tap quan cua nhan dan. Tang cffdng md'i quan he phd'i hpp giffa Ngdn hang Chinh sach xd hdi chi nhdnh tinh Dien Bien vdi cac to' chffc chinh tri - xd hdi nhdn uy thdc nham nang cao cha't Iffdng thffc hidn quy trinh, thu tuc cho vay; Iam td't cdng tac kid'm tra, thanh tra nham cung cd va ndng cao chd't Iffdng tin dyng chinh sach xa bdi.
Bdn Id, ddi mdi va nang cao chat tffdng cdng tdc dao tao, bdi dffdng ndng cao pham chd't chinh tn, dao dffc vd ky ndng nghe nghiep eua cdn bd ngdn hang chinh sdch, cua cdn bd nhdn uy thac va cdc thanh vien tham gia cdng tdc quan K vd'n tin dung chinh sdch xa bdi.Q
TAILIEUTHAMKHAO
1. Thu tffdng Chinb phti (2016). Quyet dinh sd2085/QD-TTg. ngdy 31/10/2016 phi duyet chinh sdch ddc thit hd trg phdt tnen kinh te - xd hgi vdng ddn tgc thieu sd'va mien nui giai doan 2017-2020 2. UBND tinh Didn Bien (2019) Bdo cdo sa ket 5 ndm thUc hiin CM thi sd 40-CT/TW, ngdy 22/11/2014 cua Ban Bi thu Trung uong Ddng vi viec tdng cudng sU ldnh dgo eua Ddng ctdi vdi tin dung ehlnh sdch xd hgi, ngdy 14/08/2019
3. Thu Hdng (2020) Tin dung chinh sdch tiep sdc hg ngheo vuan len, truy cap tff http://v^wy^
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