KINH TE
BAO HQ THlTaNG MAI VA GIAI PHAP CHO XUAT KHAU CUA VIET NAM
LE HOANG QUYNH
TOIM TAT:
Bai viet nay nham muc dich phdn tich ban chat eua bao hd thffdng mai, nguyen nbdn va tac ddng cua chinh sach nay ddi vdi xua't khau cua cac nu'dc dang phdt tridn nhff Viet Nam. Tdc gia ap dung phffdng phap nghien cffu tdng hdp eae cdng trinh nghien effu trffdc day, phan tich thffc trang xuat khau Viet Nam trong giai doan 2010 - 2019 va ket hdp vdi phdng van cdc chuyen gia trong linh vffc thffdng mai qud'c te va xua't khau. Ket qua nghien cffu ddnh gid xu thd quay lai va tang cao cua cac chinh sach bao bd thu'dng mai tren thd gidi tff sau eac cudc khung hoang kinh te nam 1997 va 2008. Trong thdi gian qua, cac chinh sach bad hd tai cac thi trffdng xud't khau nhff Hoa KJf, Nhat Bdn, EU da tao ra sffe ep va cd nhffng tac ddng dang kd de'n xua't kh^u Vi6t Nam.
Tren ed s6 ke't qua phan tieh, tac gid de xua't mot sd giai phap ddi vdi cae doanh nghiep xua't khau va Chinh phff nham thuc day xua't khau ben vffng, vffdt qua cae chinh sach bao ho thifdng mai ciia cdc thi trffdng trpng diem trong thdi gian tdi.
Tuf khda: Tff do thffdng mai, bdo hd thffdng mai, rao can, xua't khau, chinh sach, Viet Nam.
1. Dat vdn dg
Bdo hd thu'dng mai dffdc cdc qud'c gia sff dung nham muc dich kich thich hoat ddng san xua't kinh doanh ndi dia, kich thich kinh te^ trong nu'dc, ddng thdi tranh tham hut thffdng mai qud'c te'.
Hien nay, tff sau cdc cudc khung hoang va suy thodi kinh te nam 1997 va 2008, bao hd thffdng mai dang cd xu hu'dng quay lai va dien ra manh me hdn (Fajgelbaum va cdng sff, 2020), ed the can trd he thd'ng thffdng mai toan cau cung nhff dedpa da phuc hdi tang trffdng cua kinh te' the' gidi va tham chi cd the lam dao ngffdc tien trinh toan c^u hda (Roye, 2018).
Trong boi canh dd, xuat khau cua Viet Nam van khang dinh dffde vi thd va nhffng gia tri rieng.
Theo Tong cue Hai Quan, nam 2019, long gia tri xua't khau eua nu'dc ta dat 264,19 ty USD (tang 8,4%) so vdi ciing ky nam 2018 va mang lai 9,94 ty USD thang dff cho qud'c gia. Tinh ea giai doan 2015-2019, xua't khau eua Viet Nam cd sff tang trffdng td't ve gia tri, nhifng td'c do tang trffdng thieu dn dinh. Tuy nhien, theo bao cdo eua Bd Cdng
Thu'dng (2018), hang loat mat hang Viet Nam xuS't khau bi ddnh thue' eao bao gdm nhdm, gd, lam sdn, tiii del LWS, thep, pin nang Iffdng, may giat,... de dpa trife tiep den xua't khau ben vffng cua nffdc ta.
Vi nhffng ly do tren, tac gia thffc hien nghien effu nay nham mue dich tim hieu ly luan, ban cha't va tac ddng eua bao hd thu'dng mai den xua't khau cua cdc nffdc dangphdt trien nhff Viet Nam, tff dd de xua't cae giai phap giup doanh nghiep phdng tranh nhffng rui ro va vffdt qua cac rao can bdo hd thffdng mai, thuc day xua't khau Viet Nam phdt trien mot each ben vffng.
2. Cd sd ly luan
2.J. Tong quan ve bdo ho thUifng mai
"Bad hd thffdng mai bao gdm cdc chinh sdch bad hd giao thffdng hang hda cua chinh phu nhSm hd trd eac nha sdn xud't trdng nffdc trffdc nhffng nha sdn xua't nffdc ngoai trong mot nganh cdng nghiep rieng le bang each lam tang gia san pham hang hda ngoai nhap, ddng thdi lam giam gia eua eac san pham trong nffdc va nhdm ban ehe sff fiep can eiia hang hda ngoai nhap bang cdch ti6'p thi san
S o 4 - T h d n g 3/2020 45
TAP CHi CONG THtfifNG
pham qud'c ndi" (Abboushi, 2010, trang 387). Ban eha'l cua bao ho thffdng mai la viec bao ve hang hda qud'c noi (khdng bao gdm dich vu, san pham dau tff hay sdn pham sd hffu tri tue) bang edch ban che nhap khau khi nhap khau cae mat hang nay gia tang nhanh gay de dpa thiet hai nghiem trpng cho cac mat hang qud'c ndi.
Hien nay, mot so bien phdp bao hd chifdng mai phd bien dffdc dp dung d cdc qud'c gia, gdm (Nguyen Hoang Quy va cong sif, 2016):
- ThU nhat, tie'p tue dp dung thud dd'i vdi eac mat hang ngoai nhap.
- ThU hai, ap dung han ngaeh Iran tren so Iffdng hang hda ngoai nhap dffdc bdn d thi trffdng trong nu'dc bang cae trd ngai ve phap ly trong viec ca'p phep cho sdn pham ngoai nhap.
- ThUba, de ra ede trd ngai phap ly cho cac san pham ngoai nhap bang cdch de ra nhffng phan loai va tieu chuan khat khe cho eae mat hang ngoai nhap.
- ThU tu, hd trd cho eac mat hang qud'c ndi bang each trd gia va giam thue.
- ThU ndm, kiem soat ty le thay ddi ngoai te nhdm ban che viec truy cap hoac thao tung sff trao ddi hang hda noi - ngoai nhap nhdm ha gia san pham trong nifde.
Tuy nhien, trong bd'i cdnh phffc tap eua nen kinh te hien nay, khi canh tranh thifdng mai qud'c te dang tang cao, cung vdi sff khung hoang kinh te loan cau dang xay ra, cac nffdc nhap khau, dac biSt la cdc nffdc phdt trien nhff My, Nbdt, EU, cd xu hu'dng gia tang bao hd thifdng mai. khdng chi bang cdc bien phdp truyen thd'ng, ma xua't hien ca nhffng hinh thffc bdo bo kieu mdt (Fajgelbaum va cdng sff, 2020). Cdc hinh thffc nay, pho bien gdm (Ab- boushi, 2010):
- ThUnlid'l, gidi ban hoat dong thifdng mai qud'e te trong cdc ITnh vffc lien quan den qud'e phdng, vd'n ddng vai trd quan trqng trong sif phat trien kinh te'ben vffng cua moi qud'c gia.
- Thl^ liai, can bang can can thffdng mai giffa qud'e gia nhap va xua't khau nhff la didu kien rang budc cho trao ddi thffdng mai qud'c te' (Kaempfer va Willett, 1987).
- Thd ba, ban che lao ddng trong eae linh vffc nhap khd'u de phdt tridn ngudn nhan Iffc thay the trong nffdc (Autor va cdng sff, 2013).
- Thd tu, chinh phu cd vai trd quan trong trong viec ngan chan doc quyen nhdm va ddc quyen
chinh tri khi mdt nganh cdng nghiep mdi hinh thanh, ndi cdch kbde la hd trd va bad hd cho cdc nganh cdng nghiep mdi trong nffdc. (Autor va cdng sif, 2013).
- Thd nam, ban hanh va thffc thi chinh sach thffdng mai cdng bang nham gay sffc ep len edc nffdc kbde yeu cau cac qud'c gia xud't khau phai ha tha'p di nhffng dieu luat khat khe len bd de hp dffdc md rdng thi phan vao qud'e gia dd.
2.2. Lui ich vd thift hai tU bdo hQ thUUng mqi Ldi ich cd ban nha't tff bao hd thffdng mai la cac nganh cdng nghiep trong nffdc dffdc duy tri va gia tang thi phan, trong khi cac doanh nghiep nffdc ngoai gap nhieu ban che vd thi phan va nhieu rui ro khdc trong doanh so' bdn hang. Tuy nhi6n, mdt sd' bang chffng da chi ra rSng, cdc doanh nghiep nffdc ngoai cung cd thd hifdng ldi tff bao ho thffdng mai, khi thue va gid ea san pham ngoai nhap tang cao mang lai doanh thu cao cho cac doanh nghiep nay; doanh thu cao gdp phan bii dap di nhffng tdn tha't do thi phan gidi ban vi canh tranh (Armti va eong sff, 2019). Hickdk (1985) chi ra rang, bdo bd thffdng mai hau nhff chi anh hifdng dang ke de'n cac doanh nghiep cd san pham cd phdn khuc tha'p, trong khi cdc san pham cd phan khiic cao lai khdng tdc dgng nhieu. Do do, du ban ehe ve thi phan, nhifng nhffng doanh nghiep nffdc ngoai cd san pham d phan khuc eao hau nhu' khdng bi anh hu'dng nhieu ve doanh thu tff nhffng chinh sdch bdo bd thffdng mai mang lai.
Bao hd thffdng mai mang lai nhieu ldi ich chd cdc doanh nghiep qud'c ndi va an ninh chinh tri cua qud'c gia. Tuy nhien, bao ho diffdng mai cung gay ra nhffng tac dpng cho doanh nghi6p trong va ngoai nffdc (OECD, 1985; Amiti va cdng sff, 2019). Cu the:
ThU nhd'i, bao hd thffdng mai lam tang gia san pham, gay ap life cho cdc doanh nghiep nffdc ngoai vl bi han che ve thi phin, chiu thue va nhffng chinh sdch khae do bao ho thffdng mai mang Iai.
ThU hai, bdo ho thffdng mai lam gidm hoat dpng xua't nhap khau.
Thd ba. bad hd thffdng mai gan hdn vdi cae chinh sdch^ffu dai ddi vdi doanh nghiep ban dia, tff do, thuc day san xua't cua cdc doanh nghiep nay.
Thiiiu, eac chinh sdch bao ho thffdng mai d cdc qudc gia phat tnen mang lai nhffng tac dong tieu cffc cho eac qudc gia dang phdt trien.
ThU ndni. chi phi cho viec bao hp thffdng mai ddi khi nhieu hdn nhffng ldi ich mang lai.
KINHTE
3. Phtftfng phap nghien crfu
Bai vie't dp dung trien khai phifdng phap nghien cihi dinh tinh, Cu the, trifdc tien, tac gia nghien cffu vd phan tich ttnh hinh thifdng mai the gidi va Viet Nam hien nay bang nhffng sd' lieu cu the, khach quan thu dffde tff nhffng td chffc uy tin tren the gidi.
Tidp theo, de thu thap dff Ii6u sd ca'p, tac gia tien hanh phdng va'n mot so' chuyen gia, nha nghien effu ve xua't nhap khau va thffdng mai qud'c te ve thffc trang xua't khau va van de bdo hp thffdng mai ma xua't khau nffdc ta phai dd'i dien trong thdi gian qua.
Tff nhffng dff lieu thu thap dffdc kdt hdp vdi thffc trang xud't khau hi6n nay eua Viet Nam de phan tich, danh gid va tim ra nguyen nhan tdn tai nhffng ban che trdng xua't khau hien nay cua nffdc ta. Tff do, dffa tren kinh nghiem cua nhffng doanh nghiep, qud'c gia da khac phuc dffdc nhffng han che dd, de de xua't gidi phdp khae phuc cho doanh nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam.
4. Kd't qua nghien ciJu
4.1. ThyCc trang xuat khau Vift Nam thifi gian qua Dffng trffdc nhffng thach thffc trong bd'i canh khung hodng kinh te loan cau, Viet Nam vdn duy tri dffdc nhffng ket qua tdng trffdng khd quan trong nhffng nam gan day tff sau khung hodng. Tff Bieu do 1, chung ta cd the tha'y trong giai doan 2012- 2019, kim ngaeh xud^t khau ciia Viet Nam qua mdi
nam deu tang, ddc biet xua't khau tang vffdt bdc tff ndm 2017, 2018, 2019. Chi trong vdng 8 nam, gid tri xua't khau ciia Viet Nam tang 149,69 ty USD, dat ga'p 2 lan so vdi xua't phat diem la 114,5 ty USD nam 2012.
Nam 2019, Viet Nam dd xud't khau hang hda chu yeu vao 3 khu vffc chinh la chau A, chau My va chau Au. Trong dd, tdng gia tri xua't khau vad thi trffdng chau A chiem 135,45 ty USD (tang 2,9%
so vdi eung ky nam ngodi), chie'm 51,27% tong gia tri xua't khau cua Viet Nam. Tai chau My, tdng gia tri xua't khau cua Viet Nam la 73,89 ty USD (tang 27,3% so vdi cung ky nam 2018), chiem 27,97%
tdng gid tri xua't khau ciia Viet Nam. Tai chau Au, Viet Nam hau nhff chi tap trung xud't khau vao cdc qud'c gia thudc khd'i Lien minh chau Au EU vdi tdng gid tri xuat khau Id 47,27 ty USD (tang 2,0%
so vdi Cling ky nam ngddi), chiem 17,90% tdng gia tri xua't khau cua Viet Nam, Ben canh dd, xua't khau eua Viet Nam eung tham gia vao thi trffdng d Chdu Dai Dffdng (4,46 ty USD, chiem 1,69% tdng gid tri xuat khau Viet Nam), Chdu Phi (3,12 ty USD, chiem 1,18% tdng gia tri xua't khau Viet Nam). (Bang 1)
Nam 2019, cac mat hang cd gid tri xud't khau cao bao gdm mdy vi tinh, linh kien, sdn pham dien tff tang cao nha't (tang 6,36 ty USD, tffdng ffng tang 21,5%); hdng det may tang 2,37 ty USD (tifdng ffng
Bieu do 1: Kim nggch, toe do fang xud't khau, nhap khau va can edn fhUdng mai Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2019
! Chart Area I
2i5 1 213,0
110,2 j_!7 9 132.0 ,.j2,fl r^f 114,5 113,8 f—IE
.50 ^ N2012 N2013 N20W .\2015 N2016 N20I7 N201B N2019
a.Xaat kliaq B.Nbjp khau "Can can liiinnig aijl
Ngudn- Tong cue Hdi quan, 2020
So 4-Thong 3/2020 47
TAP GHJ GONG THIffliNG
Bang 1. Mot so thj trifdng xuatkhdu chinh cua Viet Nam ndm 2019
Th| tmdng
Chau A -ASEAN - Trung Quoc
- Nhat Ban - Han Quoc ChauAu - EU(28) Chau Dai Duong
Chau My - Hoa Ky Chau Phi Tong
Xuat khau Kim ngaeh
(Ty USD) 135,45
24,96 41,41 20,41 19,72 47,27 41,48 4,46 73,89 61,35 3,12 284,19
Ty Irong (%) ' 2,9
1,3 0,1 8,4 8,1 2,0 -1,0 -7,4 27,3 29,1 8,1 8,4
Sov6inam2018(%)
51,3 9,4 15,7 7,7 7,5 17,9 15,7 1,7 28,0 23,2 1,2 100,0 Ngudn: Tong cue Hdi quan, 2020
tang 7,8%); dien thoai tang 2,16 ty USD (tffdng ffng tang 4,4%); giay dep tang 2,08 ty USD (tu'dng ffng tang 12,8%), may mde, thiet bi, dung eu tang 1,94 ty USD (tu'dng ffng tang 11,9%); gd va sdn pham gd tang 1,74 ty USD (tu'dng ffng tang 19,5%); da va kim loai quy tang 1,45 ty USD (tffdng ffng tang 3,3%) (Tdng cue Hai quan, 2020).
Qua do, ed the nhan tha'y td'c dd xua't khau ciia edc mat hdng gia tang nha't bao gdm cac san pham cdng nghe thdng tin, nganh gd, giay dep... (Hinh 2) 4.2. SUc ep vd rui ro tii bdo hg thUUng mai doi vdi xuat khau Viet Nam
Cdcddnchffngthffc te da chi ra nhffng khd khan ma bao hd thffdng mai dang tdc ddng len hang hda xud't khd'u cua Viet Nam hoan loan phu hdp nhffng cd sd ly ludn ve lac ddng tieu cffc eua bao ho thffdng mai.
- ThU nha't, gia thanh hang hda Viet Nam khi xua't khau sang nffdc ngoai bi day len cao va sffc ep canh tranh thi phdn vdi sdn pham ndi dia tang.
Tren thffc te, de bdo hp san pham trong nffdc va chd'ng hanh vi bdn pha gid tff Viet Nam, hang loat qud'e gia dd dp dung hang loat thue' len cdc mat hang cua Viet Nam nhff thue chd'ng bdn pha gid, thud quan iff ve, thue chd'ng trd cd'p. Bang chffng trong nam 2018, Bd Thffdng mai My (DOC) da dp dung thue dd'i vdi mat hang ca tra Viet Nam len
3,87 USD/kg cd tra. Khdng rieng ve mat hang cd tra, theo bdo eao cua Bd Cdng Thffdng (2018), hang loat mat hdng Viet Nam xua't khau bi danh thud cao bao gdm: nhdm, gd, lam san, tui det LWS, thep, pin nang Iffdng, may giat,... Canada cung dp dung thue len hang loat san pham xuat khd'u ciia Viet Nam nhff dng thep ban carbon.
Trong khi dd. khd'i Lien minh chdu Au (EU) lai dp thue len cdc mat hang nhu xe tay ndng, thep... cua Viet Nam. Cdc mat hang kim loai vd che phd'm kim Ioai cua Viet Nam cQng hi ddnh thue eao tai thi trifdng edc nffdc EU, Canada, Thd NhT Ky, An Dd, Thdi Lan, Malaysia, Brazil....
- Thii lmi,hio hd thu'dng mai tang cffdng siet chat tieu chuan ky thuat va hdng rao phap ly la trd ngai dd'i vdi hang hda xua't khau cua Viet Nam.
Ong NguyIn Nam Hai - Chu tieh Hiep hdi Hd tidu Viet Nam trd ldi phdng van Thdng td'n xd Viet Nam rang thi trffdng xua't khau hd tieu eua nffdc ta trong nhffng nam gin day bi anh hffdng cao tff bdo hd thffdng mai, dac biet la An Do. Cud'i quy 1 nam 2018, chinh phu An Do da ngffng nhap khau hd tieu cua Viet Nam nhdm bao ve ldi ich va viec lam cho ndng dan cffa ho. Vdi lenh ca'm nay tff chinh phu An Do, hd tieu eua Viet Nam gap kho khan khi phai tim mdt thi trffdng thay the thi tn ng An Dp ma van ddm bdo dat difde nhffng lieu chu'In ve
KINH IE
Hinh 2: Mifdi nhom hang xuat khau dat mde tang Idn nhat ve tri gid trong ndm 2019
HMiic tang tlieni cua nam 2019
• N a m 2018
L4S _0,6»m—
2
0,62 _ JOMifil
0,49
chat Iffdng hd tieu phu hdp vdi dieu kien nhap khau eua nffdc ban. Thiiy hdi san dac biet la cd mud'n nhap khau vao My phai trai qua cdc cdng doan kiem duyet tff qua trinh nudi den qua trinh thu hoach vd che bien theo chffdng trinh Thanh tra ea da trdn (dffde dp dung tff thang 8/2017). Trong khi do, ea ngff phai dffdc To chffc Earth Island Ell cua My chffng nhan Dolphin safe dd'i vdi tffng Id hang. Hdn the'nffa, cdc mat hang thiiy san phai thdng qua qud trinh giam sat va chffng nhan ciia Cue Quan ly dai dffdng va khi quyen qud'c gia My NOAA. Chinh nhffng rao can phdp ly phi thue quan nay dat ra thach thffc va riii ro Idn cho doanh nghiep, dd'i mat vdi hang loat vu dieu tra bdo hp, hdng loat mat hang xua't khau bi tra ve do khdng dat chi tieu chat Iffdng, cdc mat hang bi ddnh thud cao vd ly... Bang chffng la Id ca tra xud't khau (1/8/2015 - 31/7/2016) vao My hi dp mffc thue 3,87 USD/kg cd tra. Dd'i vdi xua't khau tdm eiia Viet Nam vao Nhat Ban, trffdc nam 2016, danh muc cha't cam trong tdm Viet Nam chi ed Enrofloxacin,
Nguon: Tdng cue Hdi quan. 2020
nay Nhat Ban da tang so'Iffdng chat cd'm len 5.
- ThU ba, bao hd thffdng mai cdn gay thiet hai ve kinh te, uy tin eua doanh nghiep khi cdc cudc dieu tra ve bdo hd thffdng mai nd ra. Theo cdc nghien cffu cua Bd Cdng Thffdng (2018), Viet Nam phai dd'i mat vdi 144 vu viee dieu tra tff nffdc ngodi lien quan den bdo hd thffdng mai. Trong dd ndi bat la cudc dieu tra ve dff Iffdng khang sinh d torn ndm 2017 vd 2019. Cac cudc dieu tra nay thffdng keo ddi tham chi den vai nam, cdc doanh nghiep phai hao ton chi phi, thdi gian de tham gia dieu tra, vffa phai can bang vd dieu hda doanh nghiep tdn tai.
Mdt khi mdt mat hang xud't khau cua Viet Nam bi dieu tra, keo theo hang loat mat hang khdc cung bi dieu tra. Tff do, lam gidm uy tin ma doanh nghiep va qud'c gia da va dang xay dffng.
5. Mdt so' giai phap va kidn nghi thiic day xua't khau Viet Nam
- vd phia chinh phii, can tdng cifdng hdp tac, ky ket cdc hiep dinh hdp tac song phffdng va de xua't canh bdo kip thdi. Hien nay, Viet Nam da
So4-Thong 3/2020 49
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
tham gia va ky ket mdt sd' hiep dinh thffdng mai nhff Hiep dinh Thifdng mai tff do EVFTA, Hi6p dinh Dd'i tdc Toan dien va Tie'n bd xuyen Thdi Binh Dffdng CPTPP... Ben canh dd, chinh phu can ky ket vd thoa thuan vdi cac nffdc dd'i tac ve nen kinh te thi trffdng cua Viet Nam de ban che nhffng chinh sach chd'ng bdn phd gid nhff hien nay ma My va cae qud'e gia tiem nang dang dp dung len Viet Nam.
- Ve phia doanh nghiep, can khdng ngffng dau tff va phdt trien chd't Iffdng san pha'm. De xua't bdo dam an loan thffc pham dd'i vdi mat hang xua't khau la thifc pham, chung ta can nghien effu heu Iffdng, thdi gian sff dung thud'c khdng sinh hdp ly va phii hdp vdi tidu chuan xua't khau va tieu chuan ve sinh an toan thffc pha'm. Dong thdi, doanh nghi6p can trang bi kie'n thffc ve bdo ho thifdng mai va phap luat ve thue va xua't nhap khau. Viec trang bj kien thffc ve phdp luat bdo hd thu'dng mai se giup doanh nghiep hoach dinh dffdc chien Iffde va thi trffdng xua't khau tiem nang, ddng thdi, ndm rd luSt phap bao hd thffdng mai se giiip doanh nghiep tranh dffdc nhffng rui ro mde phai, tff dd bao dam dffde cha't lifdng hang hda phii hdp vdi tieu chuan xud't khau. Khdng nhffng the, doanh nghiep can phai quan sat va phan tich thi trffdng nhdm dffa ra nhffng phdn dodn nhay ben ve tinh binh xua't - nhap khd'u, thi tru'dng mud'n hffdng den va nhffng rui ro xud't khau do bao ho thffdng mai mang lai.
Khdng chi vay, doanh nghiep can da'y manh tim kiem thi trffdng tidm nang nham md rdng thi tru'dng xud't kha'u
6. Kg't tuan
Dffng trffdc khung hodng loan cau va nhffng lac ddng tieu cffc do bao hd thffdng mai mang lai, xuat kha'u ciia Viet Nam trong giai doan 2015-2019 vdn
khang dmh difdc vi the phat trien dn dinh va mang lai gia tri thang dif cho da't nffdc. Tuy nhien, sff bd't dn trong tang tru'dng xua't khau va xu the bdo hp thffdng mai dang quay lai sau cdc cudc khiing hoang gan ddy tiem a'n nhieu riii ro cho xua't khau Viet Nam, dac biet d cdc th; trffdng quan trpng nhff My, EU, Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc. Bang chffng la du gia tri xud't kha'u eua Viet Nam dang tang nhifng ddng thdi xua't khau cua Viet Nam cQng dang dd'i mat vdi hang loat vu kien tung va dieu tra bad hd thifdng mai trong thdi gian gan ddy, trong dd ndi bat la the vang thuy sdn ma EU van dang xem xet duy III hay gd bd dd'i vdi xuat kha'u ni/dc ta.
Vi vay, de bao ve doanh nghiep xua't khd'u tru'dc nhffng rui ro tff bao hd thffdng mai, can cd sff hdp tdc tff doanh nghiep, bidp hdi Idn chinh phii.
Ve phia doanh nghiep, de ban che rui ro td'i da trong xua't khau, trffdc tien doanh nghiep can xSy dffng va dam bdo qua tnnh sdn xud't dat chd't Iffdng kiem dinh qudc te nhff ISO, HACPP, GMP.... Tiep dd, doanh nghiep tff trang bi kien thffc ve bao ho, kien thffc phap ly, thffdng xuyen ddnh gid vd bdo cao ve thi trffdng nham phat hien kip thdi nii ro;
tich cffc hdp tac vdi cdc doanh nghiep, td chffc cd lien quan de cung nhau phat trien; tich cffc ffng dung khoa hpc - cdng nghe - ky thuat vao trong sdn xua't va vdn hdnh day chuyen san xud't. Vd phia chinh phii, tang cffdng hd trd phap ly va bao ve doanh nghiep trong nhffng dieu tra ve bdo ho;
cd chinh sach hdp tac, dam phan, thffdng thao mem deo nhffng cffng rdn nham khang dinh nen kinh te thi tru'dng cffa Viet Nam; hd trd xay dffng va cai tien qua tnnh san xua't cho doanh nghiep bdng viec hd trd cho vay vd'n, tich cu'e hd d:d doanh nghiep trong viee chuydn ddi muc tieu xua't khd'u tff xua't khau thd sang xud't khau eae sdn pha'm che bienB
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Ngay nhan bal: 7/2/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chffa: Alllllfiia Ngay cha'p nhan dang bai: 27/2/2020
Thdng tin tdc gid:
LE HOANG QUYNH
Hoc vien cao hoc nganh Quan tri Kinh doanh - Quan ly Trrfcfng Dai hoc Kwansei Gakuin - NhSt Ban
TRADE PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS TO VIETNAM
• LE HOANG QUYNH
Master's student. Institute of Business ond Accounting Kwansei Gakuin University
ABSTRACT:
This study analyzes the nature of trade protection, its causes and its impact on exports of developing countries like Vietnam. This study vt'as conducted by synthesizing previous studies, analyzing the current situation of Vietnam's exports in the period of 2010- 2019 and interviewing international trade and exports experts. The sttudy finds that trade procteetion policies become more popular after the 1997 and 2008 crises. In recent years, protection policies of the United States, Japan, and the EU have exerted pressure and had significant impacts on Vietnam's exports.
Based on the analysis results, the study proposes a number of solutions for Vietnams exports enterprises and the government to promote sustainable exports, surpassing trade protection policies of key markets in the coming years.
Keywords: Free trade, trade protection, barrier, exports, policy, Vietnam.
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